Pope Leo IX
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Pope Leo IX was the Bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from 12 February 1049 to his death in 1054. Leo IX is considered to be one of the most historically significant popes of the Middle Age
Miniature of Leo IX contained in an illuminated manuscript of the 11th century
1051 charter of Leo IX
Michael I Cerularius
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Michael I of Constantinople was the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople from 1043 to 1059. His disputes with Pope Leo IX over church practices in the 11th century played a role in the events that l
Pope Leo IX
…solemnities. In early 1053, Leo arbitrated a dispute between the archbishop of Carthage and the bishop of Gummi over ecclesiastical precedence. Patriarch Michael I Cerularius of Constantinople, through Leo of Ohrid, Archbishop of Bulgaria, wrote to the pope denouncing the use of unleavened bread and fasting days in the Latin…
The enthronement of Michael I, from the Madrid Skylitzes
Lead seal of Michael I as Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople