Pope Nicholas III
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Pope Nicholas III, born Giovanni Gaetano Orsini, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 25 November 1277 to his death on 22 August 1280.
13th century fresco in the Sancta Sanctorum (Lateran, Rome) depicting Nicholas III offering the church to Christ
Bulla of Nicholas III
Pope John XXI
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Pope John XXI, born Pedro Julião, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 8 September 1276 to his death in May 1277. He is the only Portuguese pope in history. He is sometim
Pope Nicholas III
…Innocent IV (1243–1254), protector of the Franciscans by Pope Alexander IV (1254–1261), inquisitor-general by Pope Urban IV (1261–64), and succeeded Pope John XXI (1276–1277) after a six-month vacancy in the Holy See resolved in the papal election of 1277, largely through family influence. Giovanni Gaetano Orsini…
Portrait identified as Peter of Spain, by Andrea di Bonaiuto, c. 1366
Tomb of Pope John XXI in Viterbo Cathedral