Pope Paschal II
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Pope Paschal II, born Raniero Raineri di Bleda, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 13 August 1099 to his death in 1118. A monk of the Abbey of Cluny, he was created the
14th century miniature of Paschal II
Investiture Controversy
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The Investiture Controversy or Investiture Contest was a conflict between the Church and the state in medieval Europe over the ability to choose and install bishops, abbots of monasteries, and the Pop
Pope Paschal II
…the penitential Crusade of 1101. During the early part of his pontificate, Paschal also continued to develop papal policy in the context of the ongoing Investiture Controversy. He zealously carried on the Hildebrandine policy in favor of papal privilege, though with only partial success. Henry V, son of Emperor Henry IV, took…
Henry IV begging forgiveness of Pope Gregory VII at Canossa, the castle of the Countess Matilda, 1077
Contemporary illustration of Henry IV (left) and Anti-pope Clement III (centre)
Henry IV requests mediation from Matilda of Tuscany and abbot Hugh of Cluny.
Enamel panel from Cologne figuring the investiture of a bishop (c. 1160–70), Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe Hamburg, Germany