1.
Bristol
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Bristol is a city and county in South West England with a population of 449,300 in 2016. The district has the 10th largest population in England, while the Bristol metropolitan area is the 12th largest in the United Kingdom, the city borders North Somerset and South Gloucestershire, with the cities of Bath and Gloucester to the south-east and north-east, respectively. Iron Age hill forts and Roman villas were built near the confluence of the rivers Frome and Avon, Bristol received a royal charter in 1155 and was historically divided between Gloucestershire and Somerset until 1373, when it became a county of itself. From the 13th to the 18th century, Bristol was among the top three English cities after London in tax receipts, Bristol was surpassed by the rapid rise of Manchester, Liverpool and Birmingham in the Industrial Revolution. Bristol was a place for early voyages of exploration to the New World. On a ship out of Bristol in 1497 John Cabot, a Venetian, in 1499 William Weston, a Bristol merchant, was the first Englishman to lead an exploration to North America. At the height of the Bristol slave trade, from 1700 to 1807, the Port of Bristol has since moved from Bristol Harbour in the city centre to the Severn Estuary at Avonmouth and Royal Portbury Dock. Bristols modern economy is built on the media, electronics and aerospace industries. The city has the largest circulating community currency in the U. K. - the Bristol pound, which is pegged to the Pound sterling. It is connected to London and other major UK cities by road, rail, sea and air by the M5 and M4, Bristol Temple Meads and Bristol Parkway mainline rail stations, and Bristol Airport. The Sunday Times named it as the best city in Britain in which to live in 2014 and 2017, the most ancient recorded name for Bristol is the archaic Welsh Caer Odor, which is consistent with modern understanding that early Bristol developed between the River Frome and Avon Gorge. It is most commonly stated that the Saxon name Bricstow was a calque of the existing Celtic name, with Bric a literal translation of Odor. Alternative etymologies are supported with the numerous variations in Medieval documents with Samuel Seyer enumerating 47 alternative forms. The Old English form Brycgstow is commonly used to derive the meaning place at the bridge, utilizing another form, Brastuile, Rev. Dr. Shaw derived the name from the Celtic words bras, or braos and tuile. The poet Thomas Chatterton popularised a derivation from Brictricstow linking the town to Brictric and it appears that the form Bricstow prevailed until 1204, and the Bristolian L is what eventually changed the name to Bristol. Iron Age hill forts near the city are at Leigh Woods and Clifton Down, on the side of the Avon Gorge, a Roman settlement, Abona, existed at what is now Sea Mills, another was at the present-day Inns Court. Isolated Roman villas and small forts and settlements were scattered throughout the area. Bristol was founded by 1000, by about 1020, it was a centre with a mint producing silver pennies bearing its name
2.
Trip hop
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Trip hop is a musical genre that originated in the early 1990s in the United Kingdom, especially Bristol. Trip hop can be highly experimental and it was pioneered by acts like Massive Attack, Tricky, and Portishead. Trip hop achieved commercial success in the 1990s, and has described as Europes alternative choice in the second half of the 90s. DJs, MCs, b-boys and graffiti artists grouped together into informal soundsystems, Bristols soundsystem DJs, drawing heavily on Jamaican dub music, typically used a laid-back, slow and heavy drum beat. Bristols Wild Bunch crew became one of the soundsystems to put a spin on the international phenomenon, helping to birth Bristols signature sound of trip hop. As the hip hop scene matured in Bristol and musical trends evolved further toward acid jazz and house in the late 1980s, another influence came from Gary Clails Tackhead soundsystem. Clail often worked with former The Pop Group singer Mark Stewart, produced by Adrian Sherwood, the music combined hiphop with experimental rock and dub and sounded like a premature version of what later became trip hop. In 1993, Kirsty MacColl released Angel, one of the first examples of the crossing over to pop. In the 1990s, Janet Jackson brought trip hop into the American charts with the song If, several songs on her Janet. and The Velvet Rope used this genre of music, Songs like Got Til Its Gone and You. Massive Attacks first album Blue Lines was released in 1991 to huge success in the UK, Massive Attack released their second album entitled Protection in 1994. The term trip hop was coined that year, but not in reference to anything on the Massive Attack albums, in 1993, Icelandic musician Björk released Debut, produced by Wild Bunch member Nellee Hooper. The album, although rooted in four-on-the-floor house music, contained elements of trip hop and is credited as one of the first albums to introduce electronic music into mainstream pop. She had been in contact with Londons underground electronic music scene and was involved with trip hop musician Tricky. Björk embraced trip hop even more with her 1995 album Post by collaborating with Tricky, homogenic, her 1997 album, has been described as a pinnacle of trip hop music. 1994 and 1995 saw trip hop near the peak of its popularity, with such as Howie B, Naked Funk. The period also marked the debut of two acts who, along with Massive Attack, would define the Bristol scene for years to come, in 1994 Portishead, a trio comprising singer Beth Gibbons, Geoff Barrow, and Adrian Utley, released their debut album Dummy. Their background differed from Massive Attack in many ways, one of Portisheads primary influences was 1960s and 1970s film soundtrack LPs, nevertheless, Portishead shared the scratchy, jazz-sample-based aesthetic of early Massive Attack, and the sullen, fragile vocals of Gibbons also brought them wide acclaim. In 1995, Dummy was awarded the Mercury Music Prize as the best British album of the year, Tricky also released his debut solo album Maxinquaye in 1995, to great critical acclaim
3.
Experimental rock
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Experimental rock is a subgenre of rock music which pushes the boundaries of common composition and performance technique or which experiments with the basic elements of the genre. From its inception, rock music was experimental, but it wasnt until the late 1960s that rock artists began creating extended, in 1967, the genre was as commercially viable as pop music, but by 1970, most of its leading players had incapacitated themselves in some form. In Germany, the krautrock subgenre merged elements of improvisation and psychedelic rock with avant-garde, later in the 1970s, significant musical crossbreeding took place in tandem with the developments of punk and new wave, DIY experimentation, and electronic music. Funk, jazz-rock, and fusion rhythms became integrated into experimental rock music. The first wave of 1980s experimental rock groups had few precedents for their sound. Later in the decade, avant-rock pursued a psychedelic aesthetic that differed from the self-consciousness, during the 1990s, a loose movement known as post-rock became the dominant form of experimental rock. As of the 2010s, the experimental rock has fallen to indiscriminate use, with virtually every modern rock band being categorized under prefixes such as post-, kraut-, psych-. Although experimentation had always existed in music, it wasnt until the late 1960s that new openings were created from the aesthetic intersecting with the social. In 1966, the boundaries between pop music and the avant-garde began to blur as rock albums were conceived and executed as distinct, self-taught rock musicians in the middle and late 1960s drew from the work of composers such as John Cage, Karlheinz Stockhausen, and Luciano Berio. In addition, The Quietus Ben Graham described duos the Silver Apples, calling attention to the very recordedness of the album. This would also be reflected in contemporary experimental rock LPs, such as the Beach Boys Pet Sounds and Smile, the Whos The Who Sell Out and Tommy. The Velvet Underground were a group in experimental rock, according to Rosenberg. Peppers inspired a new consideration for experimental rock as commercially viable music, as progressive rock developed, experimental rock acquired notoriety alongside art rock. By 1970, most of the musicians which had been at the forefront of rock had incapacitated themselves. Groups such as Can, Faust, Neu, the ideas of minimalism and composers such as Stockhausen would be particularly influential. During this era, funk, jazz-rock, and fusion rhythms became integrated into experimental rock music, some groups who were categorized as post-punk considered themselves part of an experimental rock trajectory, with This Heat as one of the prominent players. Anderson claims that the no wave scene represented New York’s last stylistically cohesive avant-rock movement, steve Redhead noted the resuscitation of New Yorks avant-rock scene, including artists such as Sonic Youth and John Zorn, in the 1980s. In the late 1980s, avant-rock pursued a frazzled, psychedelia-tinged, blissed out aesthetic that differed from the self-consciousness, the UK shoegaze scene was seen by some as a continuation of an experimental rock tradition
4.
Alternative rock
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Alternative rock is a genre of rock music that emerged from the independent music underground of the 1980s and became widely popular in the 1990s and 2000s. In this instance, the word refers to the genres distinction from mainstream rock music. The terms original meaning was broader, referring to a generation of musicians unified by their debt to either the musical style or simply the independent. Ethos of punk rock, which in the late 1970s laid the groundwork for alternative music, Alternative rock is a broad umbrella term consisting of music that differs greatly in terms of its sound, its social context, and its regional roots. Most of these subgenres had achieved minor mainstream notice and a few bands representing them, such as Hüsker Dü, with the breakthrough of Nirvana and the popularity of the grunge and Britpop movements in the 1990s, alternative rock entered the musical mainstream and many alternative bands became successful. By the end of the decade, alternative rocks mainstream prominence declined due to a number of events that caused grunge and Britpop to fade, emo attracted attention in the larger alternative rock world, and the term was applied to a variety of artists, including multi-platinum acts. Post-punk revival artists such as Modest Mouse and The Killers had commercial success in the early, before the term alternative rock came into common usage around 1990, the sort of music to which it refers was known by a variety of terms. In 1979, Terry Tolkin used the term Alternative Music to describe the groups he was writing about, in 1979 Dallas radio station KZEW had a late night new wave show entitled Rock and Roll Alternative. College rock was used in the United States to describe the music during the 1980s due to its links to the radio circuit. In the United Kingdom, dozens of small do it yourself record labels emerged as a result of the punk subculture, according to the founder of one of these labels, Cherry Red, NME and Sounds magazines published charts based on small record stores called Alternative Charts. The first national chart based on distribution called the Indie Chart was published in January 1980, at the time, the term indie was used literally to describe independently distributed records. By 1985, indie had come to mean a particular genre, or group of subgenres, at first the term referred to intentionally non–mainstream rock acts that were not influenced by heavy metal ballads, rarefied new wave and high-energy dance anthems. The use of alternative gained further exposure due to the success of Lollapalooza, for which festival founder, in the late 1990s, the definition again became more specific. Defining music as alternative is often difficult because of two conflicting applications of the word, the name alternative rock essentially serves as an umbrella term for underground music that has emerged in the wake of punk rock since the mid-1980s. Alternative bands during the 1980s generally played in clubs, recorded for indie labels. Sounds range from the gloomy soundscapes of gothic rock to the guitars of indie pop to the dirty guitars of grunge to the 1960s/1970s revivalism of Britpop. This approach to lyrics developed as a reflection of the social and economic strains in the United States and United Kingdom of the 1980s, by 1984, a majority of groups signed to independent record labels mined from a variety of rock and particularly 1960s rock influences. This represented a break from the futuristic, hyper-rational post-punk years
5.
Downtempo
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Downtempo is a genre of electronic music similar to ambient, but with a greater emphasis on rhythm, and is not as earthy as trip hop. The 1990s brought on a wave of slower paced music which was played throughout chillout rooms—the relaxation sections of the clubs or dedicated sections at electronic music events. Downtempo music started to surface around Ibiza, when DJs and promoters would bring down the vibe with slower rhythm and gentler electronic music upon approaching sunrise. In the late 1980s, trip hop emerged from Bristol, which combined elements of hip hop beats, drum and bass breaks, at the end of the 1990s a more melodic instrumental electronica incorporating acoustic sounds with electronic styles emerged under its own umbrella name of downtempo. In the late 1990s, the Austrian duo Kruder & Dorfmeister popularized the style with their downtempo remixes of pop, hip-hop, and drum and bass tracks with influences of the 70s soul jazz. Britons Steve Cobby and Dave McSherry, producing under the name Fila Brazillia, released a handful of downtempo, electronica and ambient techno albums that propelled the style further. In 2010, downtempo pop was described by The Atlantic as a variety of styles from the 2000s characterized by mellow beats, vintage synthesizers. In other words, a term that includes chillwave, glo-fi
6.
London Records
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London Records is a record label in the U. K. that marketed records in the U. S, Canada, and Latin America from 1947 to 1979 before becoming semi-independent. London arose from the split in ownership between the British and American branches of Decca Records, the American branch released British Decca records in the U. S. since it could not use the Decca name there. The label was noted for classical albums made in then state-of-the-art stereophonic sound, by the 1960s more licensing deals had been made with Big Top, Monument, Parrot, Philles, and Hi, and subsidiary labels were London Atlantic, London Dot and London Monument. An unusual feature was the code in the numbering system. From the late 1950s until 1973, the label bore the logo London American Recordings, in America, the label was best known as the American imprint of the pre–1971 recordings of the Rolling Stones. The label also issued some early LPs and singles by Texas-based band ZZ Top. In the late 1970s, London signed deals with Bomp, Records and with Big Sound in Connecticut, U. S. This changed the label in the eyes of many from a backwater into something a little more edgy compared to the pedestrian contemporary releases from parent company Decca, the president of London Records in the 1970s was D. H. Tollerbond. After British Decca was acquired by PolyGram in 1979, London followed an independent course with subsidiary labels such as Slash, Pete Tongs Essential Records. The name is used, mainly for UK-based artists. Notable artists released by that incarnation of London, called London Records 90, include New Order, Happy Mondays, A, after PolyGram took over British Decca, classical-music albums recorded by British Decca continued to be released on the London label in the U. S. S. The London pop music catalogue owned by Universal Music is now managed by Polydor Records, Decca Records had a recording studio in Blomfield Road, West London, there may have been another in Londons West End. In 2010, Universal Music reclaimed ownership of the London Records trademark, both had started their careers at London Records in the Ames era in the 1990s. When Nick Raphael became president of Capitol Recordss UK division in 2013, London Records moved there, Arlissa All Saints Arlissa Dear Prudence The Gypsy Queens List of record labels The London Records Story from BSN Pubs Discographies London Records A&R team contact list
7.
Island Records
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Island Records is a major record label that operates as a division of UMG Recordings, Inc. It was founded by Chris Blackwell, Graeme Goodall and Leslie Kong in Jamaica in 1959, Blackwell sold the label to PolyGram in 1989. Three Island labels exist in the world, Island UK, Island US, and Island Australia, current key people of Island Records include Island president Darcus Beese, OBE and MD Jon Turner. Partially due to the labels significant legacy, Island remains one of UMGs pre-eminent record labels, Island Records was founded in Jamaica on 4 July 1959 by Chris Blackwell, Graeme Goodall and Leslie Kong, and partially financed by Stanley Borden from RKO. Its name was inspired by the Harry Belafonte song Island in the Sun. Blackwell explained in 2009, “I loved music so much, I just wanted to get into it, or be as close to it as I could. ”Tom Hayes, the labels sales manager between 1965 and 1967, referred to the early period of the label in the UK as “organized chaos”. “My Boy Lollipop”, sung by Millie Small, was the labels first success in the UK, Blackwell explained in a 50-year-anniversary documentary that he was only interested in building long-term careers at that stage in time, rather than short-term projects. Suzette Newman has been a colleague of Chris Blackwells since working together in the early days of Island Records. Suzette Newman and Chris Salewicz were the editors for the book “The Story of Island Records, Blackwell relocated to England in May 1962 to garner greater levels of attention after the local Jamaican sound systems proved to be overwhelmingly successful. The vast majority of the artists who had signed to Blackwells fledgling label while he was in Jamaica agreed to allow the entrepreneur to release their music in the UK. While in England, Blackwell travelled throughout the city carrying his stock with him and he did not provide any copies to radio stations, as they would not play any of the Island music, the music was also not reviewed by the press. Meanwhile, Goodall left to start the Doctor Bird record label in 1965, Blackwell signed the Spencer Davis Group to the label. The group became popular and Island started their own independent series to spotlight UK rock talent. They signed artists like John Martyn, Fairport Convention, Free, by the late 1960s and early 1970s, they were a major label in England with artists like Roxy Music, King Crimson, Traffic, The Wailers, and many others. Blackwell had signed Bob Marley, and now Toots and the Maytals, in November 2016, Jackie Jackson described the formation of the group in a radio interview for Kool 97 FM Jamaica. Accompanied by Paul Douglas and Radcliffe Dougie Bryan in studio, Jackson explained, Were all original members of Toots, first it was Toots and the Maytals, three guys, Toots, Raleigh, and Jerry. …And then they were signed to Island Records, Chris Blackwell, and we were their recording band. One day we were summoned to Chris house, and he says, Alright gentleman, I think its time
8.
Mercury Records
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Mercury Records is an American-based record label owned by Universal Music Group. In the United States, it operates through Island Records, in the UK, Mercury Record Corporation was formed in the American city of Chicago in 1945 by Irving Green, Berle Adams, Ray Greenberg and Arthur Talmadge. They were a force in jazz and blues, classical music, rock and roll. Early in the history, Mercury opened two pressing plants, one in Chicago and the other in St. Louis, Missouri. With the use of presses and providing 24-hour turnaround, they went into direct competition with major recording labels such as Columbia, Decca, Capitol. By hiring two promoters, Tiny Hill and Jimmy Hilliard, they penetrated the pop market with such as Frankie Laine, Vic Damone, Tony Fontane. Rather than rely on radio airplay, Mercury initially relied on jukeboxes to promote their music, some early Mercury recordings featured a caricature of him as its logo. In 1947 Jack Rael, a musician and publicist/manager, persuaded Mercury to let Patti Page record a song that had planned to be done by Vic Damone. The budget was too small for them to hire a second singer to provide the parts to Page. The company released a number of recordings under the Mercury label as well as its subsidiaries. In addition, they leased and purchased material by independent labels, under their own label, Mercury released a variety of recording styles from classical music to psychedelic rock. However, its subsidiaries focused on their own specialized categories of music, Mercurys jazz division had two distinct and important fathers. John Hammond brought his expertise and connections when Mercury bought Keynote Records in the late 1940s, and Mercury was the issuing company and distributor for Norman Granzs pre-Norgran/Verve recordings. Although both Hammond and Granz had departed Mercury by the mid-1950s, they established the company in the jazz world, by the early 1960s, Mercury was releasing jazz under the flagship label and was an early leader in the new stereo sound releases. Highlights of the early and mid-1960s included albums by Quincy Jones, Buddy Rich, Cannonball Adderley, Charles Mingus, Dinah Washington, Sarah Vaughan, Max Roach, in the early 1950s, Norman Granz started his own record company, Norgran, which later became Verve. In an ironic twist, both Mercury and Verve are now owned by Universal Music Group and Mercurys jazz library falls under the Verve division. Since the early 1990s, Verve has reissued many Mercury jazz titles on CD, often taking care to use original master tapes, in 1962, Mercury began marketing a line of phonographs made by Philips bearing the Mercury brand name. In July 1967, Mercury Records became the first U. S. record company to release cassette music tapes, in 1969, Mercury changed its corporate name to Mercury Record Productions Inc. while its parent Conelco became North American Philips Corp after Philips brought control of the company
9.
Get the Blessing
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Get the Blessing are a jazz rock quartet based in Bristol, England, active since 2000. They were formed when Jim Barr and Clive Deamer, the section from the trip hop group Portishead, teamed up with Jake McMurchie. To date, they have released five albums, their debut All is Yes won best album at the 2008 BBC Jazz Awards and their most recent album, Astronautilus, was released in 2015. The group have been received as part of a new generation of groups that blend jazz and rock, which also includes Esbjörn Svensson Trio, Led Bib, Polar Bear. The music is instrumental, although there have been guest singers. Also as coupl hard-hitting, high-volume rock with wailing jazz-horn choruses, the groups flat-out drive, fiery virtuosity and strong, anthemic tunes certainly grabbed the audience. The band dress uniformly in white shirt and dark grey suits and, for pictures and record covers, often cover their heads. Interaction between the group and live audience is channeled through Barrs comically cryptic introductions in the deadest of deadpan drones, Jake McMurchie – saxophone – McMurchie is a jazz musician. He fronts his own jazz group Michelson Morley, as well as featuring as a sideman in other groups and he has played with Portishead and the National Youth Jazz Orchestra. Pete Judge – trumpet – Judge is a jazz and experimental musician and he is best known for his contributions to the Bristol based trip hop scene, specifically Portishead. Clive Deamer – drums, vocals – Deamer is a session musician, cake Music – Record label through Candid Records
10.
Beth Gibbons
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Beth Gibbons is an English singer and songwriter. She is the singer and lyricist for the English band Portishead, Gibbons was born in Exeter, Devon, and raised on a farm with two other sisters. Her parents divorced when she was young, at 22, she moved to Bath, then Bristol to pursue her singing career, where she met Geoff Barrow, her future collaborator in Portishead. She sings in the contralto range, with Adrian Utley, Gibbons and Barrow released the first Portishead album Dummy in 1994 and have produced two other studio albums, a live album, and various singles in the years since. She has also collaborated on a project with former Talk Talk bassist Paul Webb. In October 2002, they released the album Out of Season in the United Kingdom under the name Beth Gibbons, the album peaked at number 28 in the UK Albums Chart. It was released in the United States a year later and she has cited Nina Simone, Edith Piaf, Sugarcubes, Pixies and Elizabeth Fraser of the Cocteau Twins as musical influences. Gibbons was also a judge for the 10th annual Independent Music Awards to support independent artists careers, in June 2013, Gibbons announced plans for a new solo album with Domino Records. She contributed vocals to a cover of the song Black Sabbath with the British metal band Gonga, entitled Black Sabbeth, Dummy Portishead Roseland NYC Live Third Out of Season with Rustin Man Orang on. O. rangs album Herd of Instinct Jalap on. O
11.
Geoff Barrow
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Geoffrey Paul Barrow is an English music producer, composer, disc jockey, and is the instrumentalist for the band Portishead. Portishead—formed in 1991—was named after the town near Bristol where Barrow grew up. On his intentions in forming Portishead, he has stated, I just wanted to make interesting music, proper songs with a life span. Born in Walton in Gordano, Somerset, Geoff and his moved to the town Portishead when he was eleven after his parents divorced. After being involved in local rock bands, playing drums and DJing in hip hop groups. In 1991, while he was assisting on Massive Attacks breakthrough album Blue Lines, a few years later, when the Portishead project had been assembled, the group came back to record Sour Times in that same studio. At the dawn of the 90s, Barrow was making a name for himself as a remixer, working with artists as Primal Scream, Paul Weller, Gabrielle. In addition, Barrow had produced a track for Tricky and written songs for Neneh Cherry, in 2001, he formed the Australian record label, Invada Records, together with Katalysts Ashley Anderson. In 2003, Barrow set up Invada UK, an experimental music label with partner Fat Paul, signing bands such as Gonga, Team Brick, Atavist, Joe Volk, malakai. As Fuzzface, Barrow co-produced and co-wrote Stephanie McKays 2003 debut album, McKay, featuring songs co-penned by Tim Saul and he has also remixed songs for both Gravediggaz and The Pharcyde. In 2005, Barrow, along with Adrian Utley, produced The Corals third album and he and the other members of Portishead recorded and released an album in April 2008, titled Third. In 2009, Barrow produced The Horrors second album Primary Colours with Craig Silvey, another Barrow project is Beak with Billy Fuller and Matt Williams. Their self-titled album was released in 2009, in 2010, Barrow met a political journalist who shared the same musical vision and a week later she, Barrow, Fuller and Williams begin recording material. Barrow was the supervisor for the Banksy film Exit Through the Gift Shop, premièred at the Sundance Film Festival on 24 January 2010. In early 2012, Barrows new hip hop project Quakers was announced to be releasing an album on Stones Throw Records and he also formed the musical project Drokk with TV composer Ben Salisbury and released the album Drokk, Music inspired by Mega-City One from the movie Dredd. On 2 July 2012, Barrow, Billy Fuller and Matt Williams released their second Beak album on Invada Records, in 2013, Barrow collaborated again with Ben Salisbury on the score for the Alex Garland sci-fi thriller Ex Machina and in 2016 on the Ben Wheatley film Free Fire. Barrow provided scratching on a couple of songs on Earthlings 1995 album, additionally, Barrow provided a remix of Run the Jewels track Close Your Eyes and Count to Fuck for the album Meow the Jewels. co. nz
12.
Adrian Utley
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Adrian Francis Utley is an English musician and producer, and a member of the band Portishead. Born in Northampton, Utley moved to Bristol in the mid 1980 and he built up a collection of vintage instruments and studio equipment, and moved into production and film work. Portishead formed in 1990 with the first album Dummy released in 1994 followed by Portishead in 1997, third was released in April 2008. In 2009 he was part of the jazz collective Stonephace, releasing a self-titled album, in 2010 he composed a new soundtrack for silent film The Passion of Joan of Arc with Will Gregory, performed by a 23 piece orchestra conducted by Charles Hazlewood. In 2012 he was commissioned by the National Trust to produce Sonic Journey, in 2013 he performed Terry Rileys In C with an ensemble including a bass clarinet, four organs, and 19 guitars, the performance released on CD later that year. Warminster, Ochre - with Mount Vernon Arts Lab Stonephace, Tru Thoughts - with Stonephace In C, Invada - Adrian Utleys Guitar Orchestra The Vapourer, Real World - with Spiro
13.
Portishead, Somerset
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Portishead /pɔːrtɪsˈhɛd/ is a coastal town on the Severn Estuary, close to Bristol, but within the unitary authority of North Somerset, which falls within the ceremonial county of Somerset, England. It has a population of around 22,000, an increase of over 3,000 since the 2001 census, by the time of the 2011 Census the population had increased to approximately 24,000. Portishead has a history as a fishing port. As a Royal Manor it expanded rapidly during the early 19th century around the docks, a power station and chemical works were added in the 20th century, but the dock and industrial facilities have since closed and been redeveloped into a marina and residential areas. Portishead was also the control centre used by British Telecom for non-direct dialled calls to maritime vessels. The towns population is expanding, and Portishead is now primarily a town for Bristol and its environs. The headquarters of Avon and Somerset Constabulary are in Portishead, the name Portishead derives from the port at the head of the river. It has been called Portshead and Portschute at times in its history and Portesheve in the Domesday Book, the town’s recorded history dates back to Roman times, although there is also evidence of prehistoric settlement, including polished flint axe heads. There were also Iron Age settlements in the area, of which Cadbury Camp was the largest, other sites that have been identified include a 1,200 by 600 feet site that was successively occupied by the Romans, Britons and Danes. The Berkeley family held it for generations until it passed by marriage to the Cokes of Holkham in Norfolk, in the 14th century it belonged to Everard le Frenshe. In 1621 the Bristol Corporation purchased large portions of land in Portishead, the rights of the corporation over the manor was disputed but they held it until 1836 when they sold it for £8,050. The parish of Portishead was part of the Portbury Hundred, the town was built on the mouth of a small tributary of the Severn Estuary near the mouth of the River Avon. The old pill or jetty provided protection for craft against the Bristol Channels large tidal range and its position meant Portishead was used to guard the King Road, as the waters around the headland are called. In 1497 it was the point for John Cabot on the Matthew. A fort was built on Battery Point, and was used during the English Civil War when the town supported the Royalists, guns were also placed at Battery Point during World War II. The King Road was the site of an action in 1758 when HMS Antelope captured HMS Belliqueux. A mill was built on Welhay stream but this was replaced by tidal mills, an outer sea wall was built allowing the local marshes to be drained and increased the land available for farming. The dominant architecture is early Victorian, with some maintaining their original features
14.
Audio engineer
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An audio engineer works on the recording, manipulating the record using equalization and electronic effects, mixing, reproduction, and reinforcement of sound. Audio engineers work on the. technical aspect of recording—the placing of microphones, pre-amp knobs, the physical recording of any project is done by an engineer. Many audio engineers creatively use technologies to produce sound for film, radio, television, music, electronic products and computer games. Audio engineers also set up, sound check and do live sound mixing using an audio console, research and development audio engineers invent new technologies, equipment and techniques, to enhance the process and art of audio engineering. They might also be referred to as acoustic engineers, audio engineers in research and development usually possess a bachelors degree, masters degree or higher qualification in acoustics, physics, computer science or another engineering discipline. They might work in consultancy, specializing in architectural acoustics. Alternatively they might work in companies, or other industries that need audio expertise. Some positions, such as faculty require a Doctor of Philosophy, in Germany a Toningenieur is an audio engineer who designs, builds and repairs audio systems. The listed subdisciplines are based on PACS coding used by the Acoustical Society of America with some revision, audio engineers develop algorithms to allow the electronic manipulation of audio signals. These can be processed at the heart of audio production such as reverberation. Alternatively, the algorithms might carry out echo cancellation on Skype, or identify, architectural acoustics is the science and engineering of achieving a good sound within a room. For audio engineers, architectural acoustics can be about achieving good speech intelligibility in a stadium or enhancing the quality of music in a theatre, architectural Acoustic design is usually done by acoustic consultants. Electroacoustics is concerned with the design of headphones, microphones, loudspeakers, sound reproduction systems, examples of electroacoustic design include portable electronic devices, sound systems in architectural acoustics, surround sound in movie theater and vehicle audio. Musical acoustics is concerned with researching and describing the science of music, in audio engineering, this includes the design of electronic instruments such as synthesizers, the human voice, computer analysis of audio, music therapy, and the perception and cognition of music. Psychoacoustics is the study of how humans respond to what they hear. At the heart of audio engineering are listeners who are the final arbitrator as to whether a design is successful. The production, computer processing and perception of speech is an important part of audio engineering, ensuring speech is transmitted intelligibly, efficiently and with high quality, in rooms, through public address systems and through mobile telephone systems are important areas of study. Producer, engineer, and mixer Phil Ek has described audio engineering as the aspect of recording—the placing of microphones, the turning of pre-amp knobs
15.
Dummy (album)
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Dummy is the debut album by English band Portishead, released in the UK on 22 August 1994 on Go. The album received acclaim, winning the 1995 Mercury Music Prize. It is often credited with popularising the trip hop genre and is cited in lists of the best albums of the 1990s. Although it achieved only modest chart success overseas, it peaked at number 2 on the UK Album Chart, the album was certified gold in 1997 and has sold two million copies in Europe. The album was certified platinum in the UK in 1996. It had sold 825,000 copies in the United Kingdom as of September 2011, the cover is a still image of vocalist Beth Gibbons taken from To Kill a Dead Man—the short film that the band created—for which the self-composed soundtrack earned the band its record contract. The album spawned two singles in addition to the already released Numb, Glory Box, which reached No.13 in the UK singles chart, and Sour Times, which reached the same position on re-release in 1995. Sour Times achieved moderate success in the US, reaching positions of No.5 and No.53 on the Alternative and Hot 100 Billboard charts, respectively. On 3 December 2008, Universal Music Japan released Dummy and Portishead as limited SHM-CD versions, NME summed up the record by writing, This is, without question, a sublime debut album. It observed, From one angle, its languid slowbeat blues clearly occupy similar terrain to soulmates Massive Attack, but from another these are avant garde ambient moonscapes of a ferociously experimental nature. But remember what radical departures Blue Lines, Ambient Works and Debut were for their times, melody Maker stated that the band were undeniably the classiest, coolest thing to have appeared in the country for years. Dummy, their debut, takes perfectly understated blues, funk and rap/hip hop, brackets all this in urban angst, most of us waver hopelessly between emotional timidity and temerity the whole of our lives and Dummy marks out that territory perfectly. Mojo said that Portishead make music for an early evening party on the set of The Third Man. There is nothing kitschy about them either, Beth Gibbons voice has a genuine chill to it, and Geoff Barrows background soundscapes are worthy of Lalo Schiffrin and Nellee Hooper. Rolling Stone wrote, From tape loops and live strings, Fender Rhodes riffing and angelic singing, assertive rhythms and quirky production, however, save Portishead from languishing in any cosy retro groove. Instead they manage yet another – very smart – rebirth of cool, retrospective reviews of the album also praised it highly. Better than any album before it, Dummy merged the pinpoint-precise productions of the world with pop hallmarks like great songwriting. But its the manner in which the pieces together that makes Dummy special to this day
16.
Portishead (album)
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Portishead is the second studio album by English band Portishead, released in September 1997. Only You samples Ken Thornes Inspector Clouseau and The Pharcydes She Said, western Eyes is listed as sampling Hookers & Gin by the Sean Atkins Experience in the albums liner notes. In reality, this song does not exist, like most of the samples on the album, released in September 1997, the album reached No.2 on the UK Album Chart and No.21 on the Billboard 200 chart. On 3 December 2008, Universal Music Japan re-released Dummy and Portishead as a limited SHM-CD version, Portishead received critical acclaim upon its release. Spin praised the record and noted that the created a gothic, deadly. Commenting on the textures of the music, music journalist Barry Walters observed that the group got darker, deeper, all tracks written by Geoff Barrow, Beth Gibbons and Adrian Utley, except where noted. All songs produced by Geoff Barrow, Adrian Utley, Beth Gibbons, cooper – Violin Portishead discography Portishead Info
17.
Third (Portishead album)
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It was listed as one of the best albums of 2008 by several publications, entered the top ten of several countries music charts, and has Gold certification in the UK. In 1998, following three years of Portishead tours and a divorce, drummer and songwriter Geoff Barrow put the band on hiatus and he told Drowned in Sound, I couldnt find anything I liked musically in anybody, in anything. Portishead guitarist and keyboardist Adrian Utley joined him to work on new material, in 2003, Barrow wrote Magic Doors, which he described as an opening. Then we ended up going back and forth, hating everything and then liking everything, Portishead self-produced Third in their Bristol studios. Many of the albums songs existed for years as sketches, with the members exchanging recordings, by 2006, Portishead had prepared six or seven tracks, Barrow said most of the record was written during a spurt at the end of 2007. The band experimented with swapping roles, Barrow played bass, Utley said Portishead were looking for limited frequency in instruments. I pursued virtuosity for many years, learning scales and harmony, and being able to improvise through scales and chords, for the first track, Silence, Barrow initially sampled a record that had a spoken-word Portuguese introduction. Inspired by a Wiccan theory about the three, the band wrote a manifesto, had it translated into Portuguese, then recreated the sample with the new words to introduce the album. The band did not synchronise the guitars delay effect with the tempo, creating harsh. Portishead used several analog synthesisers, including a Minimoog, Korg MS-20, ARP2600, Siel Orchestra and VCS3, and a clavioline, an electronic keyboard that predates the synthesiser. For Threads, the band used the evil detuned sound of the VCS3 to create a foreboding horn-like sound, the Siel Orchestras sequencer was not sophisticated enough to play the arpeggios in The Rip, so the band recorded the notes individually and edited them into an arpeggio pattern. Utley also played a toy acoustic guitar he found in a shop on the track. Deep Water was inspired by Steve Martins performance of Tonight You Belong to Me in the 1979 film The Jerk, Utley was initially unimpressed with Barrows concept for the song, and said, I couldnt get with it at all, didnt like it. Geoff said he wanted to put these backing vocals on it and we didnt argue, I just conceded on that. But now I really quite like it, and the thing is Geoff is moving the other way on it. To create the rhythm in Machine Gun, Portishead sampled the drum machine in an old electronic organ, the songs synthesiser outro was inspired by the film soundtracks of John Carpenter. For Magic Doors, the band added hurdy-gurdy, and saxophone played by Will Gregory of Goldfrapp, according to Utley, we made be a free jazz player that day. We told him just to go fucking mad, to freak the fuck out and he had to move out of the room, so we couldnt see him, so hed feel less inhibited
18.
Melody Maker
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Melody Maker was a British weekly pop/rock/disco music newspaper, one of the worlds earliest music weeklies. It was founded in 1926, largely as a magazine for dance band musicians, by Leicester-born composer, publisher Lawrence Wright, in 2000 it was merged into long-standing rival New Musical Express. Originally the Melody Maker concentrated on jazz, and had Max Jones, one of the leading British proselytizers for that music and it was slow to cover rock and roll and lost ground to the New Musical Express, which had begun in 1952. MM began its Melody Maker LP charts in November 1958, two years after the Record Mirror published the first UK Albums Chart, MM had larger and more specialised advertising, soon-to-be well-known groups would advertise for musicians. It ran pages devoted to minority interests like folk and jazz, a 1968 Melody Maker poll named John Peel best radio DJ, attention which John Walters revealed may have helped Peel keep his job despite concerns at BBC Radio 1 about Peels style and record selection. Melody Maker supported glam rock and progressive rock in the 1970s, Coleman had been insistent that the paper should look like The Daily Telegraph, but Williams wanted the paper to look more contemporary. He commissioned a design, but this was rejected by Coleman. During this period Melody Maker was described as the journal. In January 1972, in a moment for rock journalism. It was during this interview that Bowie claimed, Im gay, OH YOU PRETTY THING ran the headline, and swiftly became part of pop mythology. Bowie later attributed his success to this interview, stating that, Yeah and it was that piece by Mick Watts. During his tenure at the paper, Watts also toured with and interviewed artists including Syd Barrett, Waylon Jennings, Pink Floyd, Bob Dylan, in 1980, after a strike which had taken the paper out of publication for a period, Williams left MM. Several journalists, such as Chris Bohn and Vivien Goldman, moved to NME, Coleman left in 1981, the papers design was updated, but sales and prestige were at a low ebb through the early 1980s, with NME dominant. While MM continued to devote most space to rock and indie music, it covered techno, rap and post rock, two of the papers writers, Push and Ben Turner, went on to launch IPC Medias monthly dance music magazine Muzik. The paper printed harsh criticism of Ocean Colour Scene and Kula Shaker, in 1992, they gave a French rock band called Darlin a negative review calling them a daft punky thrash. Darlin eventually became the music duo Daft Punk. The magazine retained its large classified ads section, and remained the first call for musicians wanting to form a band, Suede formed through ads placed in the paper. In early 1997, Allan Jones left to edit Uncut and he was replaced by Mark Sutherland, formerly of NME and Smash Hits, who thus fulfilled boyhood dream and stayed on to edit the magazine for three years
19.
Rolling Stone
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Rolling Stone is an American biweekly magazine that focuses on popular culture. It was founded in San Francisco in 1967 by Jann Wenner, who is still the publisher. It was first known for its coverage and for political reporting by Hunter S. Thompson. In the 1990s, the magazine shifted focus to a readership interested in youth-oriented television shows, film actors. In recent years, it has resumed its traditional mix of content, Rolling Stone magazine was founded in San Francisco in 1967 by Jann Wenner and Ralph Gleason. To get it off the ground, Wenner borrowed $7,500 from his own family and from the parents of his soon-to-be wife, Jane Schindelheim. The first issue carried a date of November 9,1967. Some authors have attributed the name solely to Dylans hit single, At Gleasons suggestion, Rolling Stone initially identified with and reported the hippie counterculture of the era. In the very first edition, Wenner wrote that Rolling Stone is not just about the music, in the 1970s, Rolling Stone began to make a mark with its political coverage, with the likes of gonzo journalist Hunter S. Thompson writing for the magazines political section. Thompson first published his most famous work Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas within the pages of Rolling Stone, where he remained a contributing editor until his death in 2005. In the 1970s, the magazine also helped launch the careers of prominent authors, including Cameron Crowe, Lester Bangs, Joe Klein, Joe Eszterhas, Patti Smith. It was at point that the magazine ran some of its most famous stories. One interviewer, speaking for a number of his peers, said that he bought his first copy of the magazine upon initial arrival on his college campus. In 1977, the magazine moved its headquarters from San Francisco to New York City, editor Jann Wenner said San Francisco had become a cultural backwater. During the 1980s, the magazine began to shift towards being an entertainment magazine. Music was still a dominant topic, but there was increasing coverage of celebrities in television, films, the magazine also initiated its annual Hot Issue during this time. Rolling Stone was initially known for its coverage and for Thompsons political reporting. In the 1990s, the changed its format to appeal to a younger readership interested in youth-oriented television shows, film actors
20.
Gothic rock
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Gothic rock is a musical subgenre of post-punk that formed during the late 1970s. Gothic rock bands grew from the ties they had to the English punk rock. Proto-gothic bands include Siouxsie and the Banshees, Joy Division, Bauhaus, the genre itself was defined as a separate movement from post-punk due to its darker music accompanied by introspective and romantic lyrics. Gothic rock then gave rise to a subculture that included clubs, fashion. Reynolds described the style as consisting of deep, droning alloys of Jim Morrison. Siouxsie and the Banshees tended to use flanging guitar effects, producing a brittle, cold, several acts used drum machines downplaying the rhythms backbeat. Gothic rock typically deals with dark themes addressed through lyrics and the musics atmosphere, the poetic sensibilities of the genre led gothic rock lyrics to exhibit literary romanticism, morbidity, existentialism, religious symbolism or supernatural mysticism. Musicians who initially shaped the aesthetics and musical conventions of gothic rock include Marc Bolan, the Velvet Underground, the Doors, David Bowie, Iggy Pop, journalist Kurt Loder would write that the song All Tomorrows Parties by the Velvet Underground is a mesmerizing gothic-rock masterpiece. However, Reynolds considers Alice Cooper as the true ungodly godfather of goth due to his theatrics, Nicos 1969 album The Marble Index is sometimes described as the first Goth album. With its stark sound, somber lyrics, and Nicos deliberate change in her look, J. G. Ballard was a strong lyrical influence for many of the early gothic rock groups, the Birthday Party drew on Arthur Rimbaud and Charles Baudelaire. In 1976, Interview with the Vampire by Anne Rice was published, the main character, although dark, wanted companionship and love. The book, according to music journalist Dave Thompson, slowly created an audience for gothic rock by word of mouth, the same year saw the punk rock band the Damned debut. The groups vocalist, Dave Vanian, was a gravedigger who dressed like a vampire. Critic John Stickney used the gothic rock to describe the music of the Doors in October 1967. Stickney wrote that the band met the journalists in the gloomy vaulted wine cellar of the Delmonico hotel, the author noted that contrary to the pleasant, amusing hippies, there was violence in their music and a dark atmosphere on stage during their concerts. In the late 1970s, the gothic was used to describe the atmosphere of post-punk bands like Siouxsie. In March 1979, Kent used the adjective in his review of Magazines second album. Kent noted that there was a new sense of authority to their music
21.
Numb (Portishead song)
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Numb is a song by English trip hop group Portishead, from their debut album Dummy. It was released as the first single from the album, Numb was released as the first single from Dummy in 1994. The single was released on 6 June 1994 in the UK and it did not chart in Europe, only managing to reach the top 300 in Australia at number 213. Numb Numb Numb Earth - Linger A Tribute To Monk & Canatella
22.
Sour Times
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Sour Times is a song by English trip hop group Portishead, from their debut album Dummy. It was released as the single from the album in August 1994. It was written by all three members of the band, the song uses a sample from Argentine composer Lalo Schifrins Danube Incident. The B-side track Airbus Reconstruction was actually recorded by the band Airbus, the music video is made of footage from Portisheads short film To Kill a Dead Man. Sour Times was released as the single from Dummy on 1 August 1994. It initially reached only number 57 in the UK Singles Chart and it is also the bands only song to date to appear on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, at number 53. Sour Times was the bands first entry on the Australian ARIA top 100 singles chart, Sour Times was covered by Bryn Christopher on his album My World. The Blank Theory also covered Sour Times on their Beyond the Calm of the Corridor release, more recently, Sour Times was covered by Marsha Ambrosius on her debut solo album Late Nights & Early Mornings. The Civil Wars performed the song on their four-song EP of covers titled Between the Bars, which was released in 2013. Sour Times was used as the music to the ITV drama series The Vice. The song was sampled in the 2004 single Teardrops by The 411
23.
Glory Box
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Glory Box is a single by English musical group Portishead, released in 1995. The title song samples Ikes Rap II by Isaac Hayes, which samples the bassline of Wallace Collections Daydream. The song also appears as the last track on Portisheads 1994 album Dummy, the music video is set in the 1950s, featuring lead singer Beth Gibbons as a jazz singer at a club while various office workers watch her perform. Sexual tension begins to rise between certain characters, as eventually, all of the workers, as couples, attend the club where Beth is performing. Apart from the members, the entire cast of the video appear in drag. The song can be heard in films, such as Stealing Beauty, When the Cats Away, The Craft. Monkey, Tout pour plaire, Lord of War, Claudines Return, the song has also been used in several TV episodes, such as CSI, Crime Scene Investigation Daria, Rescue Me, Numb3rs and Ringer. In France, the featured in early 2000s in a TV advert for fr. Glory Box appeared in a Levis Jeans commercial, the songs main instrumental was sampled for Alessia Caras 2015 song Here
24.
Mercury Prize
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The Mercury Prize, formerly called the Mercury Music Prize, is an annual music prize awarded for the best album from the United Kingdom and Ireland. It was established by the British Phonographic Industry and British Association of Record Dealers in 1992 as an alternative to the Brit Awards, the prize was originally sponsored by Mercury Communications, a brand owned by Cable & Wireless, from which the prize gets its name. It was later sponsored by Technics, Panasonic, Nationwide Building Society, the 2015 prize was sponsored by the BBC, while in 2016 it was announced that a three-year deal had been struck with Hyundai to sponsor the event. Any album released by a British artist, or by a band where over 50% of the members are British, may be submitted for consideration by their record label. The shortlist is chosen by an independent panel of musicians, music presenters, music producers, music journalists, festival organisers and other figures in the industry in the UK. The prize is open to all types of music, including pop, rock, folk, urban, grime, dance, jazz, blues, electronica and classical. Presentation of the awards usually takes place at an Awards Show in October, after the shortlist is announced at the Album of the Year Launch in September. It is often observed that bands albums are shortlisted, or win the prize, experience a large increase in album sales. Each shortlisted artist receives a specially commissioned Albums of the Year trophy at the Awards Show, unlike some other music awards, the overall winner of the Mercury Prize also receives a cheque, as of 2014, the value of the prize money is £20,000. The winner also receives an additional winners trophy, to date, PJ Harvey is the only artist to have won the award on more than one occasion. She was also the first female solo artist to receive the award, radiohead are the most shortlisted artists with five, but they have never won. The Mercury Prize can have an effect on sales for those artists who are shortlisted. Elbow saw a 700% sales increase of their album The Seldom Seen Kid after winning the Prize in 2008, in their winners speech, Elbows frontman Guy Garvey said that winning the Mercury Prize was Quite literally the best thing that has ever happened to us. 2011 winner PJ Harveys album Let England Shake jumped from number 181 to 24 in the UK official charts the week after the 2011 Awards Show. Despite being regarded by many as highly prestigious, it has suggested that having an album nominated for or winning the Mercury Prize could be a curse on a career in music. All genres of music are eligible for entry, and it is stated that all are treated equally, Simon Frith, chair of the Mercury Prize judging panel, has said that albums are chosen because they are the strongest each year, rather than according to genre. However, the presence of classical, folk and jazz recordings has been cited by some as anomalous, classical acts to have an album nominated have included Sir John Tavener, Sir Peter Maxwell Davies, Gavin Bryars and Nicholas Maw. None has ever won, and there has not been a classical album since 2002
25.
Brit Awards
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The Brit Awards are the British Phonographic Industrys annual pop music awards. The name was originally a form of British, Britain or Britannia. In addition, an equivalent awards ceremony for music, called the Classic Brit Awards, is held each May. Robbie Williams holds the record for the most Brit Awards,13 as a solo artist, the awards originated as an annual event in 1982 under the auspices of the British record industrys trade association, the BPI. In 1989 they were renamed the Brit Awards, masterCard has been the long-term sponsor of the event. The Brit Awards were broadcast live until 1989, when Samantha Fox, in subsequent years, the event was recorded and broadcast the following night. From 2007, the Brit Awards reverted to a live broadcast on British television, on 14 February on ITV. In that year, comedian Russell Brand was presenter and three awards were dropped from the ceremony, Best British Rock Act, Best British Urban Act, on 18 February 2009, the venue for the BRITs was once again the Earls Court, London. The Brit Awards were held at The O2 in London for the first time in 2011, the Brit Award statuette given to the winners features Britannia, the female personification of Britain. The first awards ceremony was in 1977, as The BRITish Record Industry BRITannia Awards, there have been 36 editions to date. The 2016 Brit Awards was held on 24 February 2016, the 1988 BPI Awards was the first of the ceremonies to be broadcast on live television. The BBC had previously broadcast the ceremony from 1985, with the shows from 1982 to 1984 not broadcast on television, the BBC continued to broadcast the renamed BRIT Awards, live in 1989 and pre-recorded from 1990 to 1992. ITV have broadcast the awards since 1993, pre-recorded until 2006, BBC Radio 1 has provided backstage radio coverage since 2008. In 1987 the BPI Awards ceremony was held in the Great Room at the Grosvenor House Hotel, at the time there was a BBC electricians strike in effect, and the organisers decided to use a non-TV events production company, called Upfront, to manage the show. Despite the show being picketed, the event was transmitted as intended, for a while the outdoor broadcast scanner was rocked on its wheels by the protesters and they managed to shut off the power to one of the big GE video screen projectors. In 1989, the ceremony was broadcast live and presented by Fleetwood Macs Mick Fleetwood, the inexperience of the hosts, an ineffective autocue and little preparation combined to create an unprofessional show that was poorly received. The 1990 awards ceremony saw the last public appearance of Queen frontman Freddie Mercury, Queen appeared at the ceremony to receive the Brit Award for Outstanding Contribution to Music. Mercury did not make a speech, as Brian May did the talking on behalf of the other members, in 1992, dance/art band The KLF were awarded Best British Group and were booked to open the show
26.
Over (Portishead song)
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Over is the second single of the album Portishead by the trip hop trio of the same name. It was #25 in the UK Charts at the time of its release and it has been used in numerous TV shows and movies. It was sampled by RZA in the track Kiss of a Black Widow, original British CD Over Over Remix Over Instrumental British CD Over 2 Over Half Day Closing Humming Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
27.
Only You (Portishead song)
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Only You is a single by English band Portishead, released in 1998. It was later released in a promotional French language lyrics version, the video to Only You was directed by Chris Cunningham, who has also worked with Aphex Twin, Björk, and Placebo. It involved Beth Gibbons floating in air, and a young boy, the people were shot in a tank of water and then digitally inserted into an alleyway of a street scene. Only You Elysium Only You Only You Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
28.
String instrument
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String instruments, stringed instruments, or chordophones are musical instruments that produce sound from vibrating strings when the performer plays or sounds the strings in some manner. Musicians play some string instruments by plucking the strings with their fingers or a plectrum—and others by hitting the strings with a wooden hammer or by rubbing the strings with a bow. In some keyboard instruments, such as the harpsichord or piano, with bowed instruments, the player rubs the strings with a horsehair bow, causing them to vibrate. With a hurdy-gurdy, the musician operates a wheel that rubs the strings. Bowed instruments include the string instruments of the Classical music orchestra. All of the string instruments can also be plucked with the fingers. Some types of string instrument are mainly plucked, such as the harp, in the Hornbostel-Sachs scheme of musical instrument classification, used in organology, string instruments are called chordophones. Other examples include the sitar, rebab, banjo, mandolin, ukulele, in most string instruments, the vibrations are transmitted to the body of the instrument, which often incorporates some sort of hollow or enclosed area. The body of the instrument also vibrates, along with the air inside it, the vibration of the body of the instrument and the enclosed hollow or chamber make the vibration of the string more audible to the performer and audience. The body of most string instruments is hollow, some, however—such as electric guitar and other instruments that rely on electronic amplification—may have a solid wood body. Archaeological digs have identified some of the earliest stringed instruments in Ancient Mesopotamian sites, like the lyres of Ur, the development of lyre instruments required the technology to create a tuning mechanism to tighten and loosen the string tension. During the medieval era, instrument development varied from country to country, Middle Eastern rebecs represented breakthroughs in terms of shape and strings, with a half a pear shape using three strings. Early versions of the violin and fiddle, by comparison, emerged in Europe through instruments such as the gittern, a four stringed precursor to the guitar and these instruments typically used catgut and other materials, including silk, for their strings. String instrument design refined during the Renaissance and into the Baroque period of musical history, violins and guitars became more consistent in design, and were roughly similar to what we use in the 2000s. At the same time, the 19th century guitar became more associated with six string models. In big bands of the 1920s, the guitar played backing chords. The development of guitar amplifiers, which contained a power amplifier, the development of the electric guitar provided guitarists with an instrument that was built to connect to guitar amplifiers. Electric guitars have magnetic pickups, volume control knobs and an output jack, in the 1960s, larger, more powerful guitar amplifiers were developed, called stacks
29.
Roseland Ballroom
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The Roseland Ballroom was a multipurpose hall, in a converted ice skating rink, with a colorful ballroom dancing pedigree, in New York Citys theater district, on West 52nd Street in Manhattan. It was also known as the place American singer Fiona Apple broke down during a concert in 2000, the rear of the venue faced West 53rd Street and the Ed Sullivan Theater. On October 18,2013, it was announced that the venue would close on April 7,2014, Lady Gaga completed a short residency as the last performer before the Roseland Ballroom closed. Roseland was founded initially in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1917 by Louis Brecker with financing by Frank Yuengling of the D. G. Yuengling & Son beer family. It was a whites only dance club called the home of refined dancing, famed for the society orchestra groups that there, starting with Sam Lanin. The all-white, ballroom-dancing atmosphere of the club gradually changed with the ascendance in popularity of hot jazz, pirons New Orleans Jazz Orchestra played the ballroom in 1924. The Fletcher Henderson band played at Roseland in the 1920s and 1930s, Louis Armstrong, Count Basie, and Chick Webb followed with their orchestras. Other major-name bandleaders who played the venue included Vincent Lopez, Harry James, Tommy Dorsey, many big-band performances were broadcast live from Roseland by radio networks, recordings survive of several NBC broadcasts of 1940, featuring the young Ella Fitzgerald fronting the Chick Webb band. As the club grew older, Brecker attempted to formalize the dancing more by having hostesses dance for 11¢ a dance or $1.50 a half-hour, with tuxedoed bouncers keeping order. It was to work its way into stories by Ring Lardner, Sherwood Anderson, F. Scott Fitzgerald, and John OHara, as well as a Doonesbury storyline featuring Alice Schwarzman and Phil Slackmeyer. The original New York Roseland was torn down in 1956 and it moved to its new venue on West 52nd and it had been built in 1922 at a cost of $800,000 by the Iceland ice-skating franchise. A thousand skaters showed up on opening night at the 80-by-200-foot rink on November 29,1922, Iceland went bankrupt in 1932 and the rink opened as the Gay Blades Ice Rink. Brecker took it over in the 1950s and converted it to roller-skating, time magazine described the new Roselands opening interior as a purple-and-cerise tentlike décor that creates a definite harem effect. Brecker attempted to maintain its ballroom dancing style, banning rock and roll, in 1974 Brecker told The New York Times, Cheek-to-cheek dancing, thats what this place is all about. Brecker sold the building in 1981 to Albert Ginsberg, under the new owners the Roseland began regularly scheduled disco nights, which gave rise to a period when it was considered a dangerous venue and neighborhood menace. In 1984, a teenager was shot to death on the dance floor, in 1990, after Utah tourist Brian Watkins was killed in the subway, four of the eight suspects were found partying at Roseland. As a result, Roseland discontinued the disco nights and its low-rise three-story structure on top of the quarter-acre dance floor in the middle of midtown Manhattan has stirred concerns over its being torn down for redevelopment. In 1996, a new owner, Laurence Ginsberg, filed plans to tear down the venue and replace it with a 42-story, a spokesman for Ginsberg said the filing was to beat a deadline for new, more stringent earthquake codes, which went into effect earlier in 1996
30.
Roseland NYC Live
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Roseland NYC Live is a live album by English band Portishead. It was released in 1998 by Go, a PAL format VHS video was released the same year, with a DVD version following four years later. Although the New York Philharmonic is credited as appearing in the video, none of the musicians are members of the Philharmonic, the album was mixed by Rik Simpson. Unlike the CD, all the tracks on the DVD were recorded at the Roseland Ballroom
31.
Sometimes I Feel Like a Motherless Child
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Sometimes I Feel Like a Motherless Child is a traditional Negro spiritual. It dates back to the era of slavery in the United States when it was practice to sell children of slaves away from their parents. An early performance of the dates back to the 1870s by the Fisk Jubilee Singers. Like many traditional songs, it has many variations and has been recorded widely, the song is clearly an expression of pain and despair as it conveys the hopelessness of a child who has been torn from their parents. Under one interpretation, the singing of the word sometimes offers a measure of hope. Although the plaintive words can be interpreted literally, they might alternatively be metaphoric and this version was earlier used in an animated Soviet propaganda film called Black and White depicting racism in the United States. Matthew, she performed it as recently as summer 2008, during her final tour, dick Annegarn covered it in French as Enfant sans mère on Un Ombre. James Gelfand Madrugada Included on their live album Live at Tralfamadore, John Legend on Solo Sessions Vol.1, Live at the Knitting Factory and at the Hope for Haiti Now telethon. Wishbone Ash on Clan Destiny Eric Burdon, for the film The Blue Hour and it has no definite meaning, as with most Clutch songs. Rede Globo This song was performed in the episode of the Brazilian Globo series Amores Proibidos in January 17,2013. Joywave released a version called Motherless Child on their mixtape 88888 in April 2013, egill Ólafsson performs the song at the album for his 60th anniversary Örlög minn - release October 2013 John Owen-Jones on his 2015 album Rise. Arms and Sleepers - The Motorist John Scofield recorded the song on his Piety Street album, maki Asakawa sang it from time to time on her live performances. She also released a cover on her album, released in 1970. Alice Ella performed a version of song for the 2013 Spanish thriller Grand Piano. A music video was available in 2014
32.
Tom Jones (singer)
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Sir Thomas John Woodward OBE is a Welsh singer known by his stage name Tom Jones. Joness powerful voice has been described as a full-throated, robust baritone and his performing range has included pop, rock, R&B, show tunes, country, dance, soul and gospel. In 2008, the New York Times called Jones a musical shape shifter, who could slide from soulful rasp to pop croon, with a voice as husky as it was pretty. Jones received a Grammy Award for Best New Artist in 1966, an MTV Video Music Award in 1989, Jones was awarded an OBE in 1999 and in 2006 he was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II for services to music. Jones was born Thomas John Woodward, at 57 Kingsland Terrace, Treforest, Pontypridd, in Glamorgan and his parents were Thomas Woodward, a coal miner, and Freda Jones. His maternal grandfather, Albert Jones, was Welsh, and his grandmother, Ada Jones, was born in Pontypridd, to parents from Somerset. Jones attended Wood Road Infants School, Wood Road Junior School and he began singing at an early age, He would regularly sing at family gatherings, weddings and in his school choir. Jones did not like school or sports, but gained confidence through his singing talent, at 12 he was diagnosed with tuberculosis. Many years later he said, I spent two years in bed recovering and it was the worst time of my life. During convalescence he could do little else but listen to music, Joness bluesy singing style developed out of the sound of American soul music. His early influences included blues and R&B singers Little Richard, Solomon Burke, Jackie Wilson and Brook Benton, as well as Elvis Presley, in March 1957 Jones married his high school girlfriend, Linda Trenchard when they were expecting a child together, both aged 16. The couples son, Mark, was born in the month following their wedding, to support his young family Jones took a job working in a glove factory and was later employed in construction. Joness voice has been described as a full-throated, robust baritone and he became the frontman in 1963 for Tommy Scott and the Senators, a Welsh beat group. They soon gained a following and reputation in South Wales. In 1964, the group recorded several tracks with producer Joe Meek, who took them to various labels. Later that year, Decca producer Peter Sullivan saw Tommy Scott and the Senators performing in a club and directed them to manager Phil Solomon, the group continued to play gigs at dance halls and working mens clubs in South Wales. One night at the Top Hat in Cwmtillery, Wales, Jones was spotted by Gordon Mills, Mills became Joness manager and took the young singer to London, and also renamed him Tom Jones, to exploit the popularity of the Academy Award-winning 1963 film. Eventually, Mills got Jones a recording contract with Decca and his first single, Chills and Fever, was released in late 1964
33.
Reload (Tom Jones album)
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Reload is an album by Welsh singer Tom Jones, released in 1999. To ensure that the finished product retained the sound of artists, he also recorded the tracks in the same studios these artists used. Reload became the highest seller of Jones career, reaching #1 on the British charts in 1999 and its biggest single was the collaboration with Mousse T, Sexbomb, which reached #3 on the UK Singles Chart, and was later used in a 2003 episode of The Simpsons. The album has more than six million copies worldwide. A special edition release of the album includes remixes of Sexbomb
34.
Myspace
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Myspace is a social networking website offering an interactive, user-submitted network of friends, personal profiles, blogs, groups, photos, music, and videos. It is headquartered in Beverly Hills, California, Myspace was acquired by News Corporation in July 2005 for $580 million. From 2005 to 2009, Myspace was the largest social networking site in the world, since then, the number of Myspace users has declined steadily in spite of several redesigns. As of March 2017, Myspace was ranked 3,178 by total Web traffic, Myspace had a significant influence on pop culture and music and created a gaming platform that launched the successes of Zynga and RockYou, among others. Despite an overall decline, in 2015 Myspace still had 50.6 million unique visitors and has a pool of nearly 1 billion active and inactive registered users. In June 2009, Myspace employed approximately 1,600 employees, in June 2011, Specific Media Group and Justin Timberlake jointly purchased the company for approximately $35 million. In August 2003, several employees with Friendster accounts saw potential in its social networking features. The group decided to mimic the popular features of the website. Within 10 days, the first version of Myspace was ready for launch, a complete infrastructure of finance, human resources, technical expertise, bandwidth, and server capacity was available for the site. The project was overseen by Brad Greenspan, who managed Chris DeWolfe, Josh Berman, Tom Anderson, the first Myspace users were eUniverse employees. The company held contests to see who could sign up the most users, eUniverse used its 20 million users and e-mail subscribers to breathe life into Myspace, and move it to the head of the pack of social networking websites. A key architect was tech expert Toan Nguyen who helped stabilize the Myspace platform when Brad Greenspan asked him to join the team. Despite over ten times the number of developers, Friendster, which was developed in JavaServer Pages, could not keep up with the speed of development of Myspace and cfm. The MySpace. com domain was owned by YourZ. com, Inc. intended until 2002 for use as an online data storage. By 2004, it was transitioned from a storage service to a social networking site. A friend, who worked in the data storage business. DeWolfe suggested they charge a fee for the basic Myspace service, Brad Greenspan nixed the idea, believing that keeping Myspace free was necessary to make it a successful community. Myspace quickly gained popularity among teenage and young adult social groups, in February 2005, DeWolfe held talks with Mark Zuckerberg over acquiring Facebook but DeWolfe rejected Zuckerbergs $75 million asking price
35.
Serge Gainsbourg
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Serge Gainsbourg was a French singer, songwriter, pianist, film composer, poet, painter, screenwriter, writer, actor, and director. His lyrical work incorporated a vast amount of word play to hoodwink the listener, often for humorous, provocative. Common types of play in his songs include mondegreen, onomatopoeia, rhyme, spoonerism, dysphemism, paraprosdokian. Through the course of his career, Gainsbourg wrote over 550 songs, since his death, Gainsbourgs music has reached legendary stature in France. He has also gained a following in the English-speaking world. Born in Paris, France, Gainsbourg was the son of Jewish Ukrainian migrants, Joseph Ginsburg and Olga, who fled to Paris after the 1917 Russian Revolution. Joseph Ginsburg was a trained musician whose profession was playing the piano in cabarets and casinos, he taught his children - Gainsbourg. Gainsbourgs childhood was affected by the occupation of France by Germany in World War II. The identifying yellow star Jews were required to wear haunted Gainsbourg, during the occupation, the Jewish Ginsburg family was able to make their way from Paris to Limoges, traveling under false papers. Limoges was in the Zone libre under the administration of the collaborationist Vichy government, after the war, Gainsbourg obtained work teaching music and drawing in a school outside of Paris, in Mesnil-Le-Roi. The school was set up under the auspices of local rabbis, here Gainsbourg heard the accounts of Nazi persecution and genocide, stories that resonated for Gainsbourg far into the future. Before he was 30 years old, Gainsbourg was a disillusioned painter, Gainsbourg changed his first name to Serge, feeling that this was representative of his Russian background and because, as Jane Birkin relates, Lucien reminded him of a hairdressers assistant. He chose Gainsbourg as his last name, in homage to the English painter Thomas Gainsborough and he married Elisabeth Lize Levitsky on 3 November 1951 and divorced in 1957. He married a second time on 7 January 1964, to Françoise-Antoinette Béatrice Pancrazzi and he divorced Béatrice in February 1966. In late 1967 he had a short but ardent love affair with Brigitte Bardot, to whom he dedicated the song, in mid-1968 Gainsbourg fell in love with the younger English singer and actress Jane Birkin, whom he met during the shooting of the film Slogan. Their relationship lasted over a decade, in 1971 they had a daughter, the actress and singer Charlotte Gainsbourg. Although many sources state that they were married, according to their daughter Charlotte this was not the case. Birkin remembers the beginning of her affair with Gainsbourg, he first took her to a nightclub, then to a transvestite club, Birkin left Gainsbourg when pregnant with her third daughter Lou by the film director Jacques Doillon
36.
Audio mixing (recorded music)
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The track may be mixed in mono, stereo, or surround sound. There are numerous approaches, methods and techniques involved in Audio mixing, some of these practices include levels setting, equalization, stereo panning, Audio mixing techniques and approaches can vary widely, and these can greatly affect the qualities of the sound recording. Audio mixing techniques largely depend on music genres and the quality of sound recordings involved, the process is generally carried out by a mixing engineer, though sometimes the musical producer or music artist may assist. After mixing, a mastering engineer prepares the final product for production, Audio mixing may be transferred onto a mixing console or digital audio workstation. Jay bala ji In the late century, Thomas Edison. The recording and reproduction process itself was completely mechanical with little or no electrical parts, Emile Berliners gramophone system recorded music by inscribing spiraling lateral cuts onto a vinyl disc. Electronic recording became widely used during the 1920s. It was based on the principles of electromagnetic transduction, the possibility for a microphone to be connected remotely to a recording machine meant that microphones could be positioned in more suitable places. Even more useful was the fact that the outputs of the microphones could be mixed before being fed to the disc cutter, before the introduction of multitrack recording, all sounds and effects that were to be part of a record were mixed at one time during a live performance. If the recorded blend wasnt satisfactory, or if one made a mistake. Modern mixing emerged with the introduction of commercial multi-track tape machines, the ability to record sounds into a multitude of channels meant that treating these sounds could be postponed to a later stage– the mixing stage. In the 1980s, home recording and mixing became much easier, the 4-track Portastudio was introduced in 1979. Bruce Springsteen released the album Nebraska in 1982 using one, the Eurythmics topped the charts in 1983 with the song Sweet Dreams, recorded by band member Dave Stewart on a makeshift 8-track recorder. In the mid-to-late 1990s, computers replaced tape-based recording for most home studios, at the same time, digital audio workstations, first used in the mid-1980s, began to replace tape in many professional recording studios. A mixer is the heart of the mixing process. Mixers offer a multitude of inputs, each fed by a track from a multitrack recorder, mixers typically have 2 main outputs or 8. Mixers offer three main functionalities, Mixing – summing signals together, which is normally done by a dedicated summing amplifier or in the case of digital by a simple algorithm, routing – allows the routing of source signals to internal buses or external processing units and effects. Processing – many mixers also offer on-board processors, like equalizers and compressors, Mixing consoles used for dubbing can often be seen as large and intimidating, due to the exceptional amount of controls
37.
Minehead
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Minehead is a coastal town and civil parish in Somerset, England. It lies on the bank of the Bristol Channel,21 miles north-west of the county town of Taunton,12 miles from the border with the county of Devon. The parish of Minehead has a population of approximately 11,981 making it the most populous town in the West Somerset local government district and this figure includes Alcombe and Woodcombe, suburban villages which have been subsumed into Minehead. There is evidence of occupation in the area since the Bronze. There was a port at Minehead by 1380, which grew into a major trading centre during the medieval period. Most trade transferred to larger ports during the 20th century, there was a marked increase in building during the early years of the 20th century, which resulted in the wide main shopping avenue and adjacent roads with Edwardian style architecture. The towns flood defences were improved after a storm in 1990 caused flooding, Minehead is governed by a town council, which was created in 1983 and has been part of the West Somerset local government district since 1974. In addition to the church of St. Michael on the Hill in Minehead. Alcombe is also home to the Spiritualist Church in Grove Place, since 1991, Minehead has been twinned with Saint-Berthevin, a small town close to the regional centre of Laval in the Mayenne département of France. Blenheim Gardens, which is Minehead’s largest park, was opened in 1925, the town is also the home of a Butlins Holiday Park which increases Mineheads seasonal tourist population by several thousand. There are a variety of schools and religious, cultural and sporting facilities including sailing and wind surfing, the town is the starting point of the South West Coast Path National Trail, the nations longest long-distance countryside walking trail. The Minehead Railway was opened in 1874 and closed in 1971 but has since reopened as the West Somerset Railway. The town sits at the foot of a steeply rising outcrop of Exmoor known as North Hill, and the name of the town was mynydd. It has also written as Mynheafdon, Maneheve, Menehewed and Menedun. Minehead was part of the hundred of Carhampton and it is mentioned as a manor belonging to William de Moyon in the Domesday Book in 1086, although it had previously been held by Ælfgar, Earl of Mercia. William de Mohun of Dunster, 1st Earl of Somerset and his descendants administered the area from Dunster Castle, which was later sold to Sir George Luttrell and his family. There was a port at Minehead by 1380, but it was not until 1420 that money given by Lady Margaret Luttrell enabled improvements to be made. During the reign of Elizabeth I, the town had its own Port Officer similar to the position at Bristol, vessels in the 15th century included the Trinite which traded between Ireland and Bristol, and others carrying salt and other cargo from La Rochelle in France
38.
Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival
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It was co-founded by Paul Tollett and Rick Van Santen in 1999, and is organized by Goldenvoice, a subsidiary of AEG Live as of 2001. The event features many genres of music, including rock, indie, hip hop, across the grounds, several stages continuously host live music. The main stages are the, Coachella Stage, Gobi Tent, Mojave Tent, Outdoor Theatre, and Sahara Tent, the festivals origins trace back to a 1993 concert that Pearl Jam performed at the Empire Polo Club while boycotting venues controlled by Ticketmaster. After no event was held in 2000, Coachella returned on an annual basis beginning in April 2001, in 2002, the festival reverted to a two-day format. Coachella was expanded to a day in 2007 and eventually a second weekend in 2012, it is currently held on consecutive three-day weekends in April. Organizers began permitting spectators to camp on the grounds in 2003, Coachella showcases popular and established musical artists, as well as emerging artists and reunited groups. Coachella is one of the largest, most famous, and most profitable music festivals in the United States, the 2016 festival sold 198,000 tickets and grossed $94.2 million. On November 5,1993, Pearl Jam performed for almost 25,000 fans at the Empire Polo Club in Indio, the site was selected because the band refused to play in Los Angeles as a result of a dispute with Ticketmaster. Around 1997, Goldenvoice was struggling to book concerts against larger companies, Tollett said, We were getting our ass kicked financially. We were losing a lot of bands, and we couldnt compete with the money. As a result, the idea of a festival was conceived. While attending the 1997 Glastonbury Festival, Tollett began to brainstorm ideas for a festival of his own with multiple venues. His intent was to book artists who were not necessarily chart successes, Maybe if you put a bunch of them together. Press coverage leading up to the inaugural Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival was dominated by Woodstock 1999, a festival in July 1999 that was marred by looting, arson, violence, and rapes. Goldenvoices insurance costs increased 40% as a result and they faced uncertainty regarding Coachellas tickets, organizers were already aiming to provide a high-comfort festival experience for Coachella but rededicated themselves to those efforts after Woodstock 1999. Advertisements boasted free water fountains, ample restrooms, and misting tents, on October 9–10,1999, the inaugural Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival was held. Headlining the event were Beck, the Chemical Brothers, Tool, Morrissey, originally, promoters had hoped to make the event three days and even considered the UK band Massive Attack as the third-day headliner. The organizers strived to recreate European music festivals with small crowds in a setting with plenty of turntables
39.
Last.fm
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Last. fm is a music website, founded in the United Kingdom in 2002. Using a music recommender system called Audioscrobbler, Last and this information is transferred to Last. fms database either via the music player itself or via a plugin installed into the users music player. The data is displayed on the users profile page and compiled to create reference pages for individual artists. On 30 May 2007, it was acquired by CBS Interactive for UK£140 million, the site formerly offered a radio streaming service, which was discontinued on 28 April 2014. The ability to access the large catalogue of music stored on the site was removed entirely, replaced by links to YouTube. The current Last. fm website was developed two separate sources, Last. fm and Audioscrobbler, which were merged in 2005. Audioscrobbler began as a science project of Richard Jones when he attended the University of Southampton School of Electronics. Jones developed the first plugins, and then opened an API to the community, Audioscrobbler was limited to recording music its users played on a registered computer, which allowed for charting and collaborative filtering. The site name takes advantage of a domain hack using. fm, the love and ban buttons allowed users to gradually customise their profiles. Last. fm won the Europrix 2002 and was nominated for the Prix Ars Electronica in 2003, input could come through an Audioscrobbler plugin or a Last. fm station. The sites also shared many community forums, although a few were unique to each site, the old Audioscrobbler site at the audioscrobbler. com domain name was wholly merged into the new Last. fm site on 9 August 2005. Audioscrobbler. net was launched as a separate development-oriented site on 5 September 2005, however, at the very bottom of each of the Last. fm pages there was an Audioscrobbler slogan, which changes each time the page is refreshed. Based on well-known sayings or advertisements, these appeared at the top of the Audioscrobbler website pages and were all created and contributed by the original site members. An update to the site was made on 14 July 2006, the site began expanding its language base on 15 July 2006, with a Japanese version. Currently, the site is available in German, Spanish, French, Italian, Polish, Portuguese, Swedish, Russian, Turkish, in late 2006, the site won Best Community Music Site at the BT Digital Music Awards in October. Last. fm also teamed with EMI on Tuneglue-Audiomap, in January 2007 it was nominated for Best Website at the NME Awards. At the end of April 2007, rumours of negotiations between CBS and Last. fm emerged, suggesting that CBS intended to purchase Last. fm for about £225 million. In May 2007 it was announced that Channel 4 Radio was to broadcast a show called Worldwide Chart reflecting what Last. fm users around the world were listening to
40.
Chuck D
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Carlton Douglas Ridenhour, known professionally as Chuck D, is an American rapper, author, and producer. As the leader of the rap group Public Enemy, he helped create politically and socially conscious hip hop music in the mid-1980s. About. com ranked him at No.9 on their list of the Top 50 MCs of Our Time, Ridenhour was born in Queens, New York. After graduating from Roosevelt Junior-Senior High School, he went to Adelphi University on Long Island to study graphic design and he received a B. F. A. from Adelphi in 1984 and later received an honorary doctorate from Adelphi in 2013. He is the son of Lorenzo Ridenhour, upon hearing Ridenhours demo track Public Enemy Number One, fledgling producer/upcoming music-mogul Rick Rubin insisted on signing him to his Def Jam label. Their major label albums were Yo. Bum Rush the Show, It Takes a Nation of Millions to Hold Us Back, Fear of a Black Planet, the Enemy Strikes Black, Greatest Misses, and Muse Sick-n-Hour Mess Age. They also released a full-length album soundtrack for the film He Got Game in 1998, Ridenhour also contributed to several episodes of the PBS documentary series The Blues. He has appeared as a featured artist on other songs and albums, having collaborated with artists such as Janet Jackson, Kool Moe Dee, The Dope Poet Society. Ice Cube, Boom Boom Satellites, Rage Against the Machine, Anthrax, John Mellencamp, in 1993, he executive produced Got Em Running Scared, an album by Ichiban Records group Chief Groovy Loo and the Chosen Tribe. In 1996, Ridenhour released Autobiography of Mistachuck on Mercury Records, Chuck D made a rare appearance at the 1998 MTV Video Music Awards, presenting the Video Vanguard Award to the Beastie Boys, whilst commending their musicianship. In November 1998, he settled out of court with Christopher The Notorious B. I. G, wallaces estate over the latters sampling of his voice in the song Ten Crack Commandments. The specific sampling is Ridenhour counting off the one to nine on the track Shut Em Down. In September 1999, he launched a multi-format supersite on the web site Rapstation. com, since 2000, he has been one of the most vocal supporters of peer-to-peer file sharing in the music industry. He loaned his voice to Grand Theft Auto, San Andreas as DJ Forth Right MC for the radio station Playback FM, in 2000, he collaborated with Public Enemys Gary G-Whiz and MC Lyte on the theme music to the television show Dark Angel. He appeared with Henry Rollins in a cover of Black Flags Rise Above for the album Rise Above,24 Black Flag Songs to Benefit the West Memphis Three. He was also featured on Z-Trips album Shifting Gears on a track called Shock and Awe, in 2008 he contributed a chapter to Sound Unbound, Sampling Digital Music and Culture edited by Paul D. Miller a. k. a. DJ Spooky, and also turned up on The Go, teams album Proof of Youth on the track Flashlight Fight. He also fulfilled his dreams of being a sports announcer by performing the play-by-play commentary in the video game NBA Ballers, Chosen One on Xbox 360
41.
Public Enemy (group)
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Public Enemy is an American hip hop group consisting of Chuck D, Flavor Flav, Professor Griff, Khari Wynn, DJ Lord, and the S1W group. Critic Stephen Thomas Erlewine called them the most influential and radical band of their time, in 2004, Rolling Stone magazine ranked Public Enemy number 44 on its list of the Immortals,100 Greatest Artists of All Time, the highest ranking for a hip hop act. The group was inducted into the Long Island Music Hall of Fame in 2007, the band were announced as inductees for the 2013 class of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame on December 11,2012, making them the fourth hip-hop act to be inducted. Carlton Ridenhour and William Drayton met at Long Islands Adelphi University in the early-1980s. M. C. Chuck D put out a tape to promote WBAU and to fend off a local MC who wanted to battle him. He called the tape Public Enemy #1 because he felt like he was being persecuted by people in the local scene and this was the first reference to the notion of a public enemy in any of Chuck Ds songs. The single was created by Chuck D with a contribution by Flavor Flav, around 1986, Bill Stephney, the former Program Director at WBAU, was approached by Ali Hafezi and offered a position with the label. Stephney accepted, and his first assignment was to help fledgling producer Rick Rubin sign Chuck D, according to the book The History of Rap Music by Cookie Lommel, Stephney thought it was time to mesh the hard-hitting style of Run DMC with politics that addressed black youth. With the addition of Flavor Flav and another local mobile DJ named Terminator X, according to Chuck, The S1W, which stands for Security of the First World, represents that the black man can be just as intelligent as he is strong. It stands for the fact that were not third-world people, were people, were the original people. Public Enemy started out as opening act for the Beastie Boys during the latters Licensed to Ill popularity, and in 1987 released their debut album Yo. Bum Rush the Show. Over the next few years, Public Enemy released It Takes a Nation of Millions to Hold Us Back, Fear of a Black Planet, and Apocalypse 91… The Enemy Strikes Black. In addition to ushering in the age of hip hop, during this time, Public Enemy reached the height of their popularity, adulation. The group then separated from Def Jam and has since been producing, marketing. Their debut album, Yo. Bum Rush the Show, was released in 1987 to critical acclaim, the album was the groups first step toward stardom. In October 1987, music critic Simon Reynolds dubbed Public Enemy a superlative rock band, Nation of Millions. was the first hip hop album to be voted album of the year in The Village Voices influential Pazz & Jop critics poll. In 1989, the returned to the studio to record Fear of a Black Planet. The album was supposed to be released in late 1989, but was pushed back to April 1990 and it was the most successful of any of their albums and, in 2005, was selected for preservation in the Library of Congress. Fight the Power is regarded as one of the most popular and it was the theme song of Spike Lees Do the Right Thing
