The Restoration War between Portugal and Spain began in 1641 and ended with the Treaty of Lisbon in 1668, bringing a formal end to the Iberian Union. The period from 1640 to 1668 was marked by periodi
Philip II & III of Portugal and Spain.
Wyvern, symbol of Portugal, keeping watch, pretending to sleep, while preparing its attack, Lusitania liberata ab injusto Castellanorum dominio, 1645.
Catherine of Braganza before becoming Queen Consort of England, Scotland and Ireland, c. 1660–1661.
Luisa de Guzmán, Queen Consort of Portugal, previously Duchess of Braganza.
The Thirty Years' War, fought primarily in Central Europe between 1618 and 1648, was one of the most destructive conflicts in European history. An estimated 4.5 to 8 million soldiers and civilians die
Portuguese Restoration War
…short episodes of more serious warfare, much of it occasioned by Spanish and Portuguese entanglements with non-Iberian powers. Spain was involved in the Thirty Years' War until 1648 and the Franco-Spanish War until 1659, while Portugal was involved in the Dutch–Portuguese War until 1663. In the 17th century and afterwards…
The siege and capture of Bautzen by John George I, Elector of Saxony, in September 1620, contemporary engraving by Matthäus Merian the Elder
Dutch ships ramming Spanish galleys in the Battle of the Narrow Seas during the Eighty Years' War, October 1602
19th-century depiction of the Third Defenestration of Prague (1618), which marked the beginning of the Bohemian Revolt, and therefore of the first phase of the Thirty Years' War.
The Battle of White Mountain, oil painting by Peter Snayers