1.
Retailing
–
Retail markets and shops have a very ancient history, dating back to antiquity. Retailing involves the process of selling goods or services to customers through multiple channels of distribution to earn a profit. Retailers satisfy demand is identified through a supply chain, Once the strategic retail plan is in place, retailers devise the retail mix which includes product, price, place, promotion, personnel and presentation. In the digital age, a number of retailers are seeking to reach broader markets by selling through multiple channels. Digital technologies are changing the way that consumers pay for goods. Retailing support services may include the provision of credit, delivery services. Shopping generally refers to the act of buying products, sometimes this is done to obtain final goods, including necessities such as food and clothing, sometimes it takes place as a recreational activity. Recreational shopping often involves window shopping and browsing, it not always result in a purchase. Retail shops occur in a range of types and in many different contexts - from strip shopping centres in residential streets through to large. Shopping streets may restrict traffic to pedestrians only, forms of non-shop retailing include online retailing and mail order. Retail comes from the Old French word tailler, which means to cut off, clip, pare and it was first recorded as a noun with the meaning of a sale in small quantities in 1433. Like in French, the retail in both Dutch and German also refers to the sale of small quantities of items. Also see History of merchants, History of the market place, open air, public markets were known in ancient Babylonia and Assyria. These markets typically occupied a place in the towns centre, surrounding the market, skilled artisans, such as metal-workers and leather workers, occupied premises in alley ways that led to the open market-place. These artisans may have sold wares directly from their premises, in ancient Greece markets operated within the agora, and in ancient Rome the forum. In antiquity, exchange involved direct selling, merchants or peddlers, the Phoenicians, noted for their seafaring skills, plied their ships across the Mediterranean, becoming a major trading power by 9th century BCE. The Phoenicians imported and exported wood, textiles, glass and produce such as wine, oil, dried fruit, the Phoenicians extensive trade networks necessitated considerable book-keeping and correspondence. In around 1500 BCE, the Phoenicians developed an alphabet which was much easier to learn that the complex scripts used in ancient Egypt
Retailing
–
Macy's Herald Square,
New York City.
Retailing
–
Fruit shop in
Naggar,
Himachal Pradesh,
India
Retailing
–
San Juan de Dios Market in
Guadalajara, Jalisco
Retailing
–
Inside a supermarket in
Russia
2.
Portland metropolitan area
–
The Portland metropolitan area or Greater Portland is a metropolitan area in the U. S. states of Oregon and Washington centered on the principal city of Portland, Oregon. The OMB defines the area as comprising Clackamas, Columbia, Multnomah, Washington, and Yamhill Counties in Oregon, the areas population is estimated at 2,348,247 in 2014. Portions of this are under the jurisdiction of Metro, an elected regional government which. As of the 2010 census, there were 2,226,009 people,867,794 households, the per capita income was $27,451. The Portland–Vancouver–Hillsboro Metropolitan Statistical Area, the 23rd largest in the United States, has a population of 2,226,009, of them,1,789,580 live in Oregon while the remaining 436,429 live in Washington. It consists of Multnomah, Washington, Clackamas, Columbia and Yamhill counties in Oregon, as well as Clark, the Portland-Vancouver-Salem, OR-WA Combined Statistical Area 2015 population estimate is 3,110,906, ranked 18th largest in the United States. This area includes the Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA Metropolitan Statistical Area, Salem, OR Metropolitan Statistical Area, major cities in the region in addition to Portland include Beaverton, Gresham, Hillsboro in Oregon, and Vancouver in Washington. Portland is where Interstate 84 ends at Interstate 5, both highways in the Pacific Northwest. Other primary roads include Interstate 205, a bypass of the urban core, U. S. Route 26. Both US26 and US30 go to the Oregon Coast, SR500 runs from Interstate 5 to SR503. Padden Parkway runs from NE 78th St and east to NE 162nd Ave, Transit service on the Oregon side is generally provided by TriMet. In addition, Sandy Area Metro serves Sandy, South Clackamas Transportation District serves nearby Molalla, Canby Area Transit serves Canby, service in Clark County is provided by C-Tran. The Portland MSA also hosts a number of sports, including college. The high school rugby championships are annually in the Portland MSA
Portland metropolitan area
–
Portland metropolitan area
3.
EBook
–
An electronic book is a book publication made available in digital form, consisting of text, images, or both, readable on the flat-panel display of computers or other electronic devices. Although sometimes defined as a version of a printed book. Commercially produced and sold e-books are usually intended to be read on dedicated e-reader devices, however, almost any sophisticated computer device that features a controllable viewing screen can also be used to read e-books, including desktop computers, laptops, tablets and smartphones. In the 2000s, there was a trend of print and e-book sales moving to the Internet, where readers buy traditional paper books and e-books on websites using e-commerce systems. With e-books, users can browse through online, and then when they select and order titles. At the start of 2012 in the U. S. more e-books were published online than were distributed in hardcover, the main reasons that people are buying e-books online are possibly lower prices, increased comfort and a larger selection of titles. With e-books, lectronic bookmarks make referencing easier, and e-book readers may allow the user to annotate pages, although fiction and non-fiction books come in e-book formats, technical material is especially suited for e-book delivery because it can be searched for keywords. In addition, for programming books, code examples can be copied, E-book reading is increasing in the U. S. by 2014, 28% of adults had read an e-book, compared to 23% in 2013. This is increasing, because by 2014 50% of American adults had an e-reader or a tablet, E-books are also referred to as ebooks, eBooks, e-Books, e-journals, e-editions or as digital books. The devices that are designed specifically for reading e-books are called e-readers, the idea of an e-reader that would enable a reader to view books on a screen came to Bob Brown after watching his first talkie. In 1930, he wrote a book on this idea and titled it The Readies, although Brown came up with the idea intellectually in the 1930s, early commercial e-readers did not follow his model. Schuessler relates it to a DJ spinning bits of old songs to create a beat or a new song as opposed to just a remix of a familiar song. The inventor of the first e-book is not widely agreed upon and her idea behind the device was to decrease the number of books that her pupils carried to the school. The first e-book may be the Index Thomisticus, a heavily annotated electronic index to the works of Thomas Aquinas, prepared by Roberto Busa beginning in 1949, although originally stored on a single computer, a distributable CD-ROM version appeared in 1989. In 2005, the Index was published online, augment ran on specialized hardware, while FRESS ran on IBM mainframes. All these systems also provided extensive hyperlinking, graphics, and other capabilities, van Dam is generally thought to have coined the term electronic book, and it was established enough to use in an article title by 1985. FRESS was used for reading extensive primary texts online, as well as for annotation and online discussions in several courses, Brown faculty made extensive use of FRESS, for example the philosopher Roderick Chisholm used it to produce several of his books. Thus in the Preface to Person and Object he writes The book would not have been completed without the epoch-making File Retrieval, despite the extensive earlier history, several publications report Michael S. Hart as the inventor of the e-book
EBook
–
Amazon's
Kindle Keyboard e-reader displaying an e-book
EBook
–
Ángela Ruiz Robles with la Enciclopedia Mecánica
EBook
–
Michael Hart (left) and Gregory Newby (right) of Project Gutenberg, 2006
EBook
–
First portable electronic book
4.
Google eBooks
–
Google Play Books is an ebook digital distribution service operated by Google. Users can purchase and download ebooks from Google Play, which offers over five million titles, users may also upload up to 1,000 ebooks in the PDF or EPUB file formats. Google Play Books is available in 75 countries, Google Play Books was launched in December 2010, with a reseller program letting independent booksellers sell Google ebooks on their websites for a cut of sales. It also launched a program in June 2011, allowing website owners to earn a commission by referring sales to the then-named Google eBookstore. However, the program ended in April 2012, with Google stating that it had not gained the traction that we hoped it would. The affiliate program closed for new signups in February 2012, with Google announcing that it would scale down the initiative, making it private and invitation-only. The Google eBookstore was launched on December 6,2010, with more than three titles available, making it the largest ebooks collection in the world. At the time of launch, the service was partnered with 100 independent booksellers and this increased to 250 independent booksellers and 7,000 publishers in May 2011, along with three million free Google eBooks available in the United States, up from two million at launch. The service was codenamed Google Editions, the name under which it was assumed that the service would be launched. Google Books director Dan Clancy had talked about Googles vision to open an ebookstore for in-print books in a back in July 2009. Then-named TechHive reported in October 2009 that the service would be launched in the first half of 2010, the actual launch, however, took place in December. The store was headed by Dan Clancy, who also directed Google Books, Clancy also stressed that Googles ebooks would be readable on any device, indicating the open nature of the platform. It would also make available for bookstores to sell, giving the vast majority of revenues to the store. Having already digitized 12 million physical books at the time, including out-of-print titles, Google offered a far greater selection than Amazon, in June 2011, Google introduced an affiliate program for ebooks, allowing websites to earn commissions by referring sales to the Google eBookstore. Google eBooks became listed on the Google Affiliate Network, in March 2012, Google revamped all of its digital distribution services into a single platform called Google Play, with the Google eBookstore becoming Google Play Books. In April 2012, Google announced that its reseller partner program would be discontinued by the end of January 2013. The website also reported that Google had dropped support for a variety of ebook file formats it used to accept, including DOC, XML, HTML, MOBI and PDB. Website writer Nate Hoffelder noted that this change represented a paradigm shift for Google
Google eBooks
–
Formats
Google eBooks
–
Google Play Books
5.
Bookstore
–
Bookselling is the commercial trading of books, the retail and distribution end of the publishing process. People who engage in bookselling are called booksellers, bookwomen, or bookmen, the founding of libraries in 300 BC stimulated the energies of the Athenian booksellers. In Rome, toward the end of the republic, it became the fashion to have a library, and Roman booksellers carried on a flourishing trade. The spread of Christianity naturally created a demand for copies of the Gospels, other sacred books. The modern system of bookselling dates from soon after the introduction of printing, in the course of the 16th and 17th centuries the Low Countries for a time became the chief centre of the bookselling world. Modern book selling has changed dramatically with the advent of the Internet, with major websites such as Amazon, eBay, and other big book distributors offering affiliate programs, book sales have now, more than ever, been put in the hands of the small business owner. Bookstores may be part of a chain, or local independent bookstores. Stores can range in size offering from several hundred to several hundred thousands of titles and they may be brick-and-mortar stores or internet only stores or a combination of both. Sizes for the larger bookstores exceed half a million titles, bookstores often sell other printed matter besides books, such as newspapers, magazines and maps, additional product lines may vary enormously, particularly among independent bookstores. Another common type of bookstore is the used bookstore or second-hand bookshop which buys and sells used, a range of titles are available in used bookstores, including in print and out of print books. Book collectors tend to frequent used book stores, large online bookstores offer used books for sale, too. In the book of Jeremiah the prophet is represented as dictating to Baruch the scribe and these scribes were the earliest booksellers, and supplied copies as they were demanded. Aristotle possessed an extensive library, and Plato is recorded to have paid the large sum of one hundred minae for three small treatises of Philolaus the Pythagorean. When the Alexandrian library was founded about 300 BC, various expedients were used for the purpose of procuring books, in Rome, toward the end of the republic, it became the fashion to have a library as part of the household furniture. Roman booksellers carried on a flourishing trade and their shops were chiefly in the Argiletum, and in the Vicus Sandalarius. On the door, or on the posts, was a list of the books on sale, and Martial. In the time of Augustus the great booksellers were the Sosii, according to Justinian, a law was passed granting to the scribes the ownership of the material written, this may be the beginnings of the modern law of copyright. All references had to be certified by the local mayor, if the application was accepted, the bookseller would have to swear an oath of loyalty to the régime
Bookstore
–
Shakespeare and Company, an English-language bookshop in
Paris
Bookstore
–
A bookshop in
Łódź, Poland, 1935
Bookstore
–
Japanese bookseller from the Jinrin kinmo zui (An Illustrated Encyclopedia of Humanity) from 1690
Bookstore
–
Bookshop in
Much Wenlock, UK.
6.
Portland, Oregon
–
Portland is a port and the largest city in the U. S. state of Oregon and the seat of Multnomah County. It is in the Willamette Valley region of the Pacific Northwest, at the confluence of the Willamette, the city covers 145 square miles and had an estimated population of 632,309 in 2015, making it the 26th most populous city in the United States. Approximately 2,389,228 people live in the Portland metropolitan statistical area and its Combined Statistical Area ranks 17th with a population of 3,022,178. Roughly 60% of Oregons population resides within the Portland metropolitan area, named after Portland, Maine, the Oregon settlement began to be populated in the 1830s near the end of the Oregon Trail. Its water access provided convenient transportation of goods, and the industry was a major force in the citys early economy. At the turn of the 20th century, the city had a reputation as one of the most dangerous cities in the world. After the citys economy experienced a boom during World War II. Beginning in the 1960s, Portland became noted for its liberal political values, and the city has earned a reputation as a bastion of counterculture. According to a 2009 Pew Research Center study, Portland ranks as the eighth most popular American city, the city operates with a commission-based government guided by a mayor and four commissioners as well as Metro, the only directly elected metropolitan planning organization in the United States. The city government is notable for its planning and investment in public transportation. Its climate is marked by warm, dry summers and cool and this climate is ideal for growing roses, and Portland has been called the City of Roses for over a century. Keep Portland Weird is a slogan for the city. During the prehistoric period, the land that would become Portland was flooded after the collapse of glacial dams from Lake Missoula and these massive floods occurred during the last ice age and filled the Willamette Valley with 300 to 400 feet of water. The Chinook people occupying the land which would become Portland were first documented by Meriwether Lewis, before its European settlement, the Portland Basin of the lower Columbia River and Willamette River valleys had been one of the most densely populated regions on the Pacific Coast. Large numbers of settlers began arriving in the Willamette Valley in the 1830s via the Oregon Trail. In the early 1840s a new settlement began emerging ten miles from the mouth of the Willamette River and this community was initially referred to as Stumptown and The Clearing because of the many trees cut down to allow for its growth. In 1843 William Overton saw potential in the new settlement but lacked the funds to file a land claim. For 25 cents Overton agreed to half of the 640-acre site with Asa Lovejoy of Boston
Portland, Oregon
–
Clockwise: View of Portland with
Mount St. Helens in background; downtown cityscape;
Arlene Schnitzer Concert Hall;
Pioneer Courthouse;
Mt. Tabor Reservoir; Skyline Memorial Gardens
Portland, Oregon
Portland, Oregon
–
Pioneer Courthouse, 1886
Portland, Oregon
–
Portland waterfront in 1898
7.
Independent bookstore
–
An independent bookstore is a retail bookstore which is independently owned. Usually, independent stores consist of only an actual store. They may be structured as sole proprietorships, closely held corporations or partnerships, cooperatives, Independent stores can be contrasted with chain bookstores, which have many locations and are owned by large corporations which often have other divisions besides bookselling. Author events at independent bookstores sometimes take the role of literary salons and independents historically supported new authors, since the rise of big chains and online booksellers, independent bookstores have been under considerable financial pressure and many have closed due to their inability to compete. Closures in the United States include Krochs and Brentanos in Chicago, Gotham Book Mart in New York, Codys Books in Berkeley, Keplers Books, Printers Inc. Two documentary films, Indies Under Fire and Paperback Dreams, explore the difficulties faced by U. S. independent bookstores in the new economy, american Booksellers Association Independent Online Booksellers Association
Independent bookstore
–
An independent bookshop in
Stoke Newington, London
Independent bookstore
–
City Lights Bookstore in San Francisco, 2010
Independent bookstore
–
Shakespeare and Company in Paris 2004
8.
Pearl District
–
It now mostly consists of high-rise condominiums and warehouse-to-loft conversions. The increase of high-rise condominiums and warehouse-to-loft conversions was made evident with the construction of the Cosmopolitan on the Park building, which opened in Summer 2016. The Cosmopolitan on the Park residential building is now the tallest building in the Pearl District and the 8th tallest building in Portland, contributing to the changing Portland skyline. The area is located just northwest of downtown between West Burnside Street on the south, the Willamette River on the north, NW Broadway on the east, the area is home to several Portland icons, including Powells City of Books. The United States Post Office main processing facility for all of Oregon and southwestern Washington was built in the Pearl District in 1964 and this location was chosen in order for the post office to be able to better serve towns outside the Portland metro area. Tanner Springs Park is a natural area featuring wetlands, a walking trail. The Fields Park is a Neighborhood and Dog Park in the Northern part of the Pearl, the Park provides space for visual or performing arts, for community-building activities and has a large paved walking loop. The area was used for warehousing, light industrial purposes. The viaduct was notable for the Lovejoy Columns, painted by a watchman who worked below. The increasing density has attracted a mix of restaurants, brewpubs, shops, the origins of how the Pearl District got its name is still up for debate. Attendees started calling the area “Pearl’s place” and “Pearl’s District”, local business people were looking to label the growing area and the name finally caught on when a writer for Alaska Airlines borrowed and popularized Augustines phrase. The warehouse district or the district were two other suggestions that are still used today. The movie Drugstore Cowboy, by Gus Van Sant, has scenes shot in the neighborhood. Pearl District, Portland Oregon Visitors Association Via Magazine,2011 article Official website of the Pearl District Neighborhood Association
Pearl District
–
Aerial view from 1988, prior to redevelopment; the Pearl District lies in the center of the image
Pearl District
–
Pearl District
Pearl District
–
The Pearl District and surrounding area as seen from the
US Bancorp Tower
Pearl District
–
Pearl District street sign topper
9.
Downtown Portland
–
Downtown Portland, the city center of Portland, Oregon, United States, is located on the west bank of the Willamette River. It is in the corner of the southwest section of the city. The downtown neighborhood is defined to extend west from the Willamette to Interstate 405, Portlands downtown features narrow streets—64 feet wide—and square, compact blocks 200 feet on a side, to create more corner lots that were expected to be more valuable. The small blocks also made downtown Portland pleasant to walk through, the 264-foot long combined blocks divide one mile of road into exactly 20 separate blocks. By comparison, Seattles blocks are 240 by 320 feet, by the early 1970s, parts of Portlands central city had been in decay for some time. New suburban shopping malls in the cities of Beaverton, Tigard. Unlike many downtown revitalization efforts around the United States at this time, downtown, which had been a virtual ghost town after regular business hours, became more of an all-hours shopping, dining, and business venue. During the two starting in 1990, downtown Portland dominated city development, with 500,000 square feet more development there than on the east side. Downtown development has not been without criticism, downtown also has numerous surface parking lots, which contradict the citys efforts to promote higher density and create the storefronts needed for a vibrant downtown. Portland is sometimes known as Bridgetown, due to the number of bridges cross its two rivers. There are nine bridges entering downtown and immediately adjacent areas. S, most streets in downtown Portland are one-way. Naito Parkway is the farthest east, while most of the end by I-405 to the west. Interstate 5 runs on the bank of the river, crossing over on the Marquam Bridge. U. S. Route 26 connects downtown Portland to the Oregon Coast, downtown is also served by several forms of public transportation. The southern part of downtown and the West End are also served by the Portland Streetcar system, operating from South Waterfront north into the Pearl and Northwest Portland districts. The system currently has two routes, measuring 7.2 miles end to end, and connects in South Waterfront with the Tram to Oregon Health & Science University. The five tallest are, Wells Fargo Center, rises to 166 meters and was constructed in 1972 U. S
Downtown Portland
–
Downtown (including
KOIN Center), viewed from the
Portland Aerial Tram
Downtown Portland
–
Downtown Portland in 1973
Downtown Portland
–
Downtown Portland in 2007
Downtown Portland
–
Portland State University District in the south part of Downtown
10.
City block
–
A city block, urban block or simply block is a central element of urban planning and urban design. A city block is the smallest area that is surrounded by streets, City blocks are the space for buildings within the street pattern of a city, and form the basic unit of a citys urban fabric. City blocks may be subdivided into any number of land lots usually in private ownership, though in some cases. City blocks are usually built-up to varying degrees and thus form the physical containers or streetwalls of public space, most cities are composed of a greater or lesser variety of sizes and shapes of urban block. This arrangement is intended to provide social interaction among people. Since the spacing of streets in grid plans varies so widely among cities, or even within cities, it is difficult to generalize about the size of a city block. However, as points, the standard square blocks of Portland, Houston, and Sacramento are 264 by 264 feet,330 by 330 feet. Oblong blocks range considerably in width and length, the standard block in Manhattan is about 264 by 900 feet, and in some U. S. cities standard blocks are as wide as 660 feet. The blocks in Edmonton, Canada are 330 by 560 feet, the blocks in central Melbourne, Australia, are 330 by 660 feet, formed by splitting the square blocks in an original grid with a narrow street down the middle. Many world cities have grown by accretion over time rather than being planned from the outset, for this reason, a regular pattern of even, square or rectangular city blocks is not so common among European cities, for example. An exception is represented by those cities that were founded as Roman military settlements, one notable example is Turin, Italy. Following the example of Philadelphia, New York City adopted the Commissioners Plan of 1811 for an extensive grid plan. In much of the United States and Canada, the addressing systems follow a block and lot number system, the concept of city block can be generalized as a superblock or sub-block. Superblocks were popular during the early and mid-20th century, arising from modernist ideas in architecture, planning in this era was based upon the distance and speed scales for the automobile and discounted the pedestrian and cyclist modes, as obsolete transportation vehicles. Superblocks are often found in suburbs or planned cities, or are the result of urban renewal of the mid-20th century, in a residential area of a suburb, the interior of the superblock is typically served by dead-ended or looped streets. In this way, superblocks cut up the city into isolated units, expanded automobile dominance, superblocks can also be found in central city areas, where they are more often associated with institutional, educational, recreational and corporate rather than residential uses. The traditional urban block diffused automobile traffic onto several narrower roads at slower speeds and this more finely connected network of narrower roads better allowed the pedestrian and cyclist realms to flourish. The superblock, at the only suitable for automobiles
City block
–
Chicago in 1857. Blocks of 80, 40, and 10 acres establish a street grid at the outskirts which continues into the more finely divided downtown area.
City block
City block
–
A one square km superblock sector in Milton Keynes framed by major roads on a grid configuration. The road network within the sector uses
dead-ended streets complemented by bike and foot paths which connect the entire sector and beyond
City block
–
A diagramatic illustration of the streets (blue), paths (green) and open spaces (yellow) in a " Pedestrian Pocket " superblock (after P. Calthorpe and D. Kelbaugh).
11.
Book collecting
–
The love of books is bibliophilia, and someone who loves to read, admire, and collect books is a bibliophile. Bibliophile book collecting is distinct from casual book ownership and the accumulation of books for reading, duke Philip the Good of Burgundy appears to have had the largest private collection of his day, with about six hundred volumes. There was an English antiquarian reaction to Henry VIIIs dissolution of the Monasteries, the commissioners of Edward VI plundered and stripped university, college, and monastic libraries, so to save books from being destroyed, those who could began to collect them. Book collecting can be easy and inexpensive, there are millions of new and used books, and thousands of bookstores, including online booksellers like Abebooks, Alibris, Amazon, and Biblio. com. Only the wealthiest book collectors pursue the great rarities, the Gutenberg Bible and Shakespeares First Folio are, for example, Collectors of average means may collect works by a favorite author, first editions of modern authors, or books on a given subject. Book prices generally depend on the demand for a book, the number of copies available. There are associations that collectors may join, the Fine Press Book Association is aimed at collectors of modern fine printing, and produces its journal, Parenthesis, twice a year. The Private Libraries Association covers modern fine printing too, but is more general in its outlook and produces a quarterly journal. There are millions of books, so collectors necessarily specialize in one or more genres or subgenres of literature, a reader of fiction, who enjoys Westerns, might decide to collect first editions of Zane Greys novels. A lover of modern English poetry might collect the works of W H Auden, a Californian who prefers non-fiction might look for books about the history of the San Francisco Bay Area. Individual interests may include, A particular author or genre or field of study A particular illustrator Award winning books Books as Art Bindings and/or Book design, the Grolier Club has since 1884 been interested in the. Study of the arts pertaining to the production of books, stages of publication, advance review copies, galley proofs Related collecting interests include collecting bookplates, autographs, and ephemera. Book prices generally depend on the demand for a book, the number of copies available for purchase. As with other collectibles, prices rise and fall with the popularity of an author, title. Because of the number of books for sale, there is no single comprehensive price guide for collectible books. The prices of the copies listed for sale at the online bookseller sites provide some indication of their current market values, as with other collectibles, the value of a book ultimately depends on its physical condition. Years of handling, moving, and storage take their toll on the dust jacket, cover, pages, Books are subject to damage from sunlight, moisture, and insects. Acid from the process can cause the pages to develop brown spots, called foxing, gradually turn brown, called tanning
Book collecting
–
Some inexpensive collectible books: these are by
Tyndall,
Collingwood,
H. M. Field,
Bryce,
Woolf, and
Asimov
Book collecting
–
Title page of
Colman's The Comedies of Terence, 1765
Book collecting
–
The beginning of
Paradise Lost from a 1720 illustrated edition. Not a first edition but desirable among antiquarians.
12.
Chicago, Illinois
–
Chicago, officially the City of Chicago, is the third-most populous city in the United States. With over 2.7 million residents, it is the most populous city in the state of Illinois, and it is the county seat of Cook County. In 2012, Chicago was listed as a global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. Chicago has the third-largest gross metropolitan product in the United States—about $640 billion according to 2015 estimates, the city has one of the worlds largest and most diversified economies with no single industry employing more than 14% of the workforce. In 2016, Chicago hosted over 54 million domestic and international visitors, landmarks in the city include Millennium Park, Navy Pier, the Magnificent Mile, Art Institute of Chicago, Museum Campus, the Willis Tower, Museum of Science and Industry, and Lincoln Park Zoo. Chicagos culture includes the arts, novels, film, theater, especially improvisational comedy. Chicago also has sports teams in each of the major professional leagues. The city has many nicknames, the best-known being the Windy City, the name Chicago is derived from a French rendering of the Native American word shikaakwa, known to botanists as Allium tricoccum, from the Miami-Illinois language. The first known reference to the site of the current city of Chicago as Checagou was by Robert de LaSalle around 1679 in a memoir, henri Joutel, in his journal of 1688, noted that the wild garlic, called chicagoua, grew abundantly in the area. In the mid-18th century, the area was inhabited by a Native American tribe known as the Potawatomi, the first known non-indigenous permanent settler in Chicago was Jean Baptiste Point du Sable. Du Sable was of African and French descent and arrived in the 1780s and he is commonly known as the Founder of Chicago. In 1803, the United States Army built Fort Dearborn, which was destroyed in 1812 in the Battle of Fort Dearborn, the Ottawa, Ojibwe, and Potawatomi tribes had ceded additional land to the United States in the 1816 Treaty of St. Louis. The Potawatomi were forcibly removed from their land after the Treaty of Chicago in 1833, on August 12,1833, the Town of Chicago was organized with a population of about 200. Within seven years it grew to more than 4,000 people, on June 15,1835, the first public land sales began with Edmund Dick Taylor as U. S. The City of Chicago was incorporated on Saturday, March 4,1837, as the site of the Chicago Portage, the city became an important transportation hub between the eastern and western United States. Chicagos first railway, Galena and Chicago Union Railroad, and the Illinois, the canal allowed steamboats and sailing ships on the Great Lakes to connect to the Mississippi River. A flourishing economy brought residents from rural communities and immigrants from abroad, manufacturing and retail and finance sectors became dominant, influencing the American economy. The Chicago Board of Trade listed the first ever standardized exchange traded forward contracts and these issues also helped propel another Illinoisan, Abraham Lincoln, to the national stage
Chicago, Illinois
–
Clockwise from top:
Downtown Chicago, the
Chicago Theatre, the
'L',
Navy Pier,
Millennium Park, the
Field Museum, and the
Willis Tower.
Chicago, Illinois
–
Traditional
Potawatomi costume on display at the
Field Museum
Chicago, Illinois
–
A 1903 painting of Chicago in 1833
Chicago, Illinois
–
An artist's rendering of the
Great Chicago Fire of 1871
13.
Washington Square (Oregon)
–
Washington Square is a shopping mall in the city of Tigard, Oregon, United States. Located in the Portland metropolitan area along Oregon Route 217, the complex is one of the top grossing malls per square foot in the United States. Opened in 1973, the mall is managed and co-owned by The Macerich Company, a real estate investment trust. On May 3,1972, plans for Oregons largest shopping mall at that time were announced by Winmar Pacific and it was to be a 130-acre development with space for 100 stores. The mall was to include over 1,000,000 square feet on 85 acres in an L-shaped pattern, on August 16,1973, Meier & Frank became the first tenant to open at the mall. Sears and Lipmans then opened that November, followed by Liberty House, the grand opening of the facility began on February 21,1974. It is located southwest of Portland in a known as Progress. In April 1978, the Liberty House store, located on the north side, was taken over by Frederick & Nelson. Mervyns took over the vacated by F&N and originally occupied by Liberty House, opening its 80. In 1986, the cities of Beaverton, Tigard, and Portland fought to annex the territory on which the mall was located. Tigard was awarded the right to annex Washington Square along with adjacent properties that contain Lincoln Center. At that time, the former Nordstrom space was acquired by the mall and reconfigured as a court and additional retail space. By the mid-1990s the mall had an average sales per square foot that placed it in the top 10% of malls nationwide, Macerich, a Real Estate Investment Trust, took over management of the property. In 2005, Macerich opened a 100,000 sq ft addition, at the same time, other improvements were made throughout the mall and two new parking structures were added. Mervyns closed in November 2005 and their location, which they owned, was sold to the mall, the site was refurbished and reopened as Dicks Sporting Goods in March 2008. In February 2011, Swedish clothing retailer H&M opened their doors at Washington Square and it is the companys second location in Oregon. The current configuration has five department store anchors,170 specialty shops & restaurants, some of the stores are located in an adjacent outdoor plaza known as Washington Square Too. TriMet maintains the Washington Square Transit Center on the malls premises
Washington Square (Oregon)
–
Exterior of the mall's 2005 addition
Washington Square (Oregon)
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The west side of the mall in 1988, before expansion filled in this area
Washington Square (Oregon)
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The mall's northwest corner in 2015. At left is the portion of Macy's, formerly Meier & Frank, that has been in operation since the mall's opening in 1973. At right is the 2005 addition.
Washington Square (Oregon)
–
Interior of the 2005 addition
14.
Pioneer Courthouse Square
–
Pioneer Courthouse Square, also known as Portlands living room, is a public space occupying a full 40, 000-square-foot city block in the center of downtown Portland, Oregon, United States. Opened in 1984, the square is bounded by Southwest Morrison Street on the north, Southwest 6th Avenue on the east, Southwest Yamhill Street on the south, the square is named after the Pioneer Courthouse, an 1875 federal building occupying the block directly east of the square. The block itself dates to 1856, when the city purchased land included the site as the location for Central School. The school was moved in 1883 when plans were made for a hotel on the site in response to the arrival of the Northern Pacific Railway. After delays due to a recession, the eight-story Portland Hotel was completed on the site in 1890, the hotel was the center of the citys social activity for the first half of the 20th century. In 1951, the hotel was torn down and a parking lot was built. An original archway and gatework from the hotel were part of the squares design and are found today on the south side of the square. An 800-car parking garage was proposed to the Portland Planning Commission in January 1969, in the early 1970s, a comprehensive downtown plan proposed that the site become dedicated public space. By early 1980, a competition was announced, seeking proposals for what was to become Pioneer Courthouse Square. Out of 162 submissions, five finalists emerged, from firms based in New York City, Philadelphia, San Francisco/Los Angeles, Boston, willard Martins group literally painted their design on the parking lot occupying the block, and their plan was accepted. Their design received an Architectural Design Citation from Progressive Architecture magazine in 1981, funding problems surfaced after the design was completed. Former Governor Tom McCall, who by then was a commentator, was indignant. To learn that a few power brokers have decreed that the result of the nationwide design rivalry is meaningless, the squares construction required $3 million for land acquisition and $4.3 million for the structures and amenities, a large enough amount that the opposition nearly doomed the project. Martin, together with architects and volunteers, drew attention to the delays from the opposition by painting a stylized blueprint of the proposal on the site itself. The square opened on April 6,1984, with a celebration that attracted more than 10,000 people. The square is owned by the city of Portland and is a city park, by October 1988, when the squares fountain was turned over to the Portland Water Bureau, it already needed repairs. The Oregonian called it a leaker with corroding drain lines, repair work was undertaken in 1995, during which the purple tiles that had originally surfaced the fountain were replaced with granite veneer. The fountain received another overhaul in 2006, but without any change to its appearance, in 1989, a Starbucks coffeehouse opened at the northwest corner of the square, replacing a series of failed restaurants at the same location
Pioneer Courthouse Square
–
Pioneer Courthouse Square, with
Fox Tower in the background.
Pioneer Courthouse Square
–
A 1986 view, showing the fountain's original color and a banner for
Powell's Travel Store
Pioneer Courthouse Square
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The square's surface is made up of bricks inscribed with the names of citizens whose $15 donations in 1981–1982 helped fund its construction
Pioneer Courthouse Square
–
A
panorama of Pioneer Courthouse Square from 2007
15.
File transfer protocol
–
The File Transfer Protocol is a standard network protocol used for the transfer of computer files from a server to a client using the Client–server model on a computer network. FTP is built on a model architecture and uses separate control. FTP users may authenticate themselves with a clear-text sign-in protocol, normally in the form of a username and password, for secure transmission that protects the username and password, and encrypts the content, FTP is often secured with SSL/TLS. SSH File Transfer Protocol is sometimes used instead, but is technologically different. The original specification for the File Transfer Protocol was written by Abhay Bhushan, until 1980, FTP ran on NCP, the predecessor of TCP/IP. The protocol was replaced by a TCP/IP version, RFC765 and RFC959. FTP may run in active or passive mode, which determines how the connection is established. In both cases, the client creates a TCP control connection from a random, usually an unprivileged, in active mode, the client starts listening for incoming data connections from the server on port M. It sends the FTP command PORT M to inform the server on which port it is listening, the server then initiates a data channel to the client from its port 20, the FTP server data port. In situations where the client is behind a firewall and unable to accept incoming TCP connections, both modes were updated in September 1998 to support IPv6. Further changes were introduced to the mode at that time. The server responds over the connection with three-digit status codes in ASCII with an optional text message. For example,200 means that the last command was successful, the numbers represent the code for the response and the optional text represents a human-readable explanation or request. An ongoing transfer of data over the data connection can be aborted using an interrupt message sent over the control connection. While transferring data over the network, four data representations can be used, ASCII mode, Data is converted, if needed, from the sending hosts character representation to 8-bit ASCII before transmission, and to the receiving hosts character representation. As a consequence, this mode is inappropriate for files that contain other than plain text. Image mode, The sending machine sends each file byte by byte, EBCDIC mode, Used for plain text between hosts using the EBCDIC character set. Local mode, Allows two computers with identical setups to send data in a format without the need to convert it to ASCII
File transfer protocol
–
Illustration of starting a passive connection using port 21
16.
Ecommerce
–
E-commerce is a transaction of buying or selling online. Modern electronic commerce typically uses the World Wide Web for at least one part of the life cycle although it may also use other technologies such as e-mail. 1979, Michael Aldrich demonstrates the first online shopping system,1981, Thomson Holidays UK is the first business-to-business online shopping system to be installed. 1982, Minitel was introduced nationwide in France by France Télécom,1983, California State Assembly holds first hearing on electronic commerce in Volcano, California. Testifying are CPUC, MCI Mail, Prodigy, CompuServe, Volcano Telephone and it is the first comprehensive electronic commerce service. 1989, In May 1989, Sequoia Data Corp, introduced Compumarket The first internet based system for e-commerce. Sellers and buyers could post items for sale and buyers could search the database,1990, Tim Berners-Lee writes the first web browser, WorldWideWeb, using a NeXT computer. 1992, Book Stacks Unlimited in Cleveland opens a sales website selling books online with credit card processing. 1993, Paget Press releases edition No.3 of the first app store, The Electronic AppWrapper 1994, Netscape 1.0 is introduced in late 1994 with SSL encryption that made transactions secure. 1994, Ipswitch IMail Server becomes the first software available online for sale,1994, Ten Summoners Tales by Sting becomes the first secure online purchase through NetMarket. 1995, The US National Science Foundation lifts its former strict prohibition of commercial enterprise on the Internet, the shopping service at launch featured W H Smith, Tesco, Virgin Megastores/Our Price, Great Universal Stores, Interflora, Dixons Retail, Past Times, PC World and Innovations. 1995, Jeff Bezos launches Amazon. com and the first commercial-free 24-hour, internet-only radio stations, Radio HK, eBay is founded by computer programmer Pierre Omidyar as AuctionWeb. 1996, IndiaMART B2B marketplace established in India,1996, ECPlaza B2B marketplace established in Korea. 1996, The use of Excalibur BBS with replicated Storefronts was an implementation of electronic commerce started by a group of SysOps in Australia. 1998, Electronic postal stamps can be purchased and downloaded for printing from the Web,1999, Alibaba Group is established in China. Business. com sold for US $7.5 million to eCompanies, the peer-to-peer filesharing software Napster launches. ATG Stores launches to sell items for the home online. 2000, Complete Idiots Guide to E-commerce released on Amazon 2000,2001, Alibaba. com achieved profitability in December 2001
Ecommerce
–
An example of an
automated online assistant on a merchandising website.
17.
Amazon.com
–
Amazon. com, also called Amazon, is an American electronic commerce and cloud computing company that was founded on July 5,1994, by Jeff Bezos and is based in Seattle, Washington. It is the largest Internet-based retailer in the world by total sales, the company also produces consumer electronics—notably, Kindle e-readers, Fire tablets, Fire TV, and Echo—and is the worlds largest provider of cloud infrastructure services. Amazon also sells certain low-end products like USB cables under its in-house brand AmazonBasics. Amazon has separate retail websites for the United States, the United Kingdom, Ireland, France, Canada, Germany, Italy, Spain, Netherlands, Australia, Brazil, Japan, China, India, and Mexico. Amazon also offers international shipping to other countries for some of its products. In 2016, Dutch, Polish, and Turkish language versions of the German Amazon website were launched. In 2015, Amazon surpassed Walmart as the most valuable retailer in the United States by market capitalization, in 1994, Bezos left his employment as vice-president of D. E. Shaw & Co. a Wall Street firm and moved to Seattle. He began to work on a plan for what would eventually become Amazon. com. Bezos incorporated the company as Cadabra on July 5,1994, Bezos changed the name to Amazon a year later after a lawyer misheard its original name as cadaver. In September 1994, Bezos purchased the URL Relentless. com and briefly considered naming his online store Relentless, the domain is still owned by Bezos and still redirects to the retailer. The company went online as Amazon. com in 1995, Bezos placed a premium on his head start in building a brand, telling a reporter, Theres nothing about our model that cant be copied over time. But you know, McDonalds got copied, and it still built a huge, multibillion-dollar company. A lot of it comes down to the brand name, brand names are more important online than they are in the physical world. Additionally, a beginning with A was preferential due to the probability it would occur at the top of any list that was alphabetized. Since June 19,2000, Amazons logotype has featured a curved arrow leading from A to Z, representing that the company carries every product from A to Z, with the arrow shaped like a smile. After reading a report about the future of the Internet that projected annual Web commerce growth at 2, 300% and he narrowed the list to what he felt were the five most promising products, which included, compact discs, computer hardware, computer software, videos and books. Amazon was founded in the garage of Bezos home in Bellevue, the company began as an online bookstore, an idea spurred off with discussion with John Ingram of Ingram Book, along with Keyur Patel who still holds a stake in Amazon. Amazon was able to access books at wholesale from Ingram, in the first two months of business, Amazon sold to all 50 states and over 45 countries
Amazon.com
–
amazon.com homepage
Amazon.com
–
Amazon founder
Jeff Bezos
Amazon.com
–
Amazon.com's former headquarters in the
Pacific Medical Center building in
Beacon Hill, Seattle
Amazon.com
–
Customer Service Center in Huntington, West Virginia
18.
Tenino, Washington
–
Tenino /təˈnaɪnoʊ/ is a city in Thurston County, Washington, United States. The population was 1,695 at the 2010 census, Tenino was officially incorporated on July 24,1906, though it existed as a rural community since the mid-19th century. Initially, American settlers were attracted to the open prairies created and maintained by local natives through controlled burns to cultivate camas root, records indicate the initial settlers community centered on the prairie approximately 1/2 mile south of the present town. Early residents named their first post office and school Coal Bank, in the 1860s, when the Northern Pacific Railway arrived in 1872 they adopted Tenino as the name of the new station. It also appears informally as T-9-O, a variation in use as early as 1873. The US Government also used stone from quarries to construct jetties at Westport, Washington. The quarries declined in the early 20th century when many builders switched to concrete, in addition to quarrying, logging, saw mills, and coal mining were also well established industries in the area. However, as the timber played out and railroads switched to diesel in the mid-20th century, Tenino briefly achieved national fame during the Great Depression. After the local bank closed, the government temporarily issued wooden money scrip for use locally when cash was scarce. However, most of the money was never redeemed as it became a collectors item. In the years before the construction of Interstate 5 Tenino gained a reputation as a stretch along U. S. Route 99. Many motorists considered it a speed trap due to the enforcement by police of the abruptly reduced speed limit through town. Since the mid-1970s, the US Army has used a map of Tenino as a training aid in map reading. The current mayor of Tenino, Washington is Wayne Fournier, teninos first mayor was John Henry Keithahn. Currently historians are unsure of the origin of the name Tenino for the town, the name came into use in the 1870s. Occasionally some assert Tenino was named after either a train locomotive or a railroad survey stake with the numbers 10-9-0, adding to the mystery, Tenino was historically the collective name of the Warm Springs bands of North-Central Oregon. Also, the Oregon Steam Navigation Company operated a sternwheeler named Tenino on the Columbia River from 1860 to 1876. There are streets named Tenino in Portland, Oregon and Dallas, Texas, what connection there is between these and the town, if any, is unknown
Tenino, Washington
–
Downtown Tenino, along Sussex Street, 2011
Tenino, Washington
–
Location of Tenino, Washington
Tenino, Washington
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Tenino wooden money, issued during the Great Depression.
Tenino, Washington
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Tenino Downtown Historic District
19.
USA Today
–
USA Today is an internationally distributed American daily middle-market newspaper that serves as the flagship publication of its owner, the Gannett Company. Founded by Al Neuharth on September 15,1982, it operates from Gannetts corporate headquarters on Jones Branch Drive in McLean, Virginia and it is printed at 37 sites across the United States and at five additional sites internationally. USA Today is distributed in all 50 states, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico, with an international edition distributed in Canada, Asia and the Pacific Islands, Gannett formally announced the launch of the paper on April 20,1982. USA Today began publishing on September 15,1982, initially launching in the Baltimore and Washington, on July 2,1984, the newspaper switched from a largely black-and-white to a color publication, featuring full color photography and graphics in all four sections. On April 8,1985, the paper published its first special bonus section, a 12-page section called Baseball 85, on May 6,1986, USA Today began printing production of its international edition in Switzerland. On April 15, USA Today launched an international printing site. On August 28,1995, an international publishing site was launched in Frankfurt, Germany, to print. On October 4,1999, USA Today began running advertisements on its front page for the first time. The paper launched a sixth printing site for its international edition on May 15,2000, in Milan, Italy, followed on July 10 by the launch of a printing facility in Charleroi. That November, USA Today migrated its operations from Gannetts previous corporate headquarters in Arlington, in 2010, USA Today launched the USA Today API for sharing data with partners of all types. On August 27,2010, USA Today announced that it would undergo a reorganization of its newsroom and it also announced that the paper would shift its focus away from print and place more emphasis on its digital platforms and launch of a new publication called USA Today Sports. On September 14,2012, USA Today underwent the first major redesign in its history, to accomplish this goal, Gannett migrated its newspaper and television station websites to the Presto platform and the USA Today site design throughout 2013 and 2014. On January 4,2014, USA Today acquired the book and film review website, on September 3,2014, USA Today announced that it would lay off roughly 70 employees in a restructuring of its newsroom and business operations. In October 2014, USA Today and OpenWager Inc. entered into a partnership to release a Bingo app called USA TODAY Bingo Cruise, USA Today is known for synthesizing news down to easy-to-read-and-comprehend stories. In the main edition circulated in the United States and some Canadian cities, each consists of four sections, News, Money, Sports. The international edition of the paper features two sections, News and Money in one, with Sports and Life in the other, atypical of most daily newspapers, the paper does not print on Saturdays and Sundays, the Friday edition serves as the weekend edition. USA Today prints each complete story on the front page of the section with the exception of the cover story. The cover story is a story that requires a jump
USA Today
–
The April 14, 2015 front page of USA Today. The blue circle of the logo has been turned into a dotted ring with a hat being tossed into it to signify
Marco Rubio's announcement that he is running for
President of the United States.
USA Today
–
USA Today
USA Today
–
This February 5, 2009 issue of USA Today shows the old layout and logo of the paper prior to it being redesigned in 2012.
USA Today
–
USA Today is headquartered in
Tysons Corner, Virginia.
20.
DVD
–
DVD is a digital optical disc storage format invented and developed by Philips, Sony, Toshiba, and Panasonic in 1995. The medium can store any kind of data and is widely used for software. DVDs offer higher capacity than compact discs while having the same dimensions. Pre-recorded DVDs are mass-produced using molding machines that physically stamp data onto the DVD, such discs are a form of DVD-ROM because data can only be read and not written or erased. Blank recordable DVD discs can be recorded using a DVD recorder. Rewritable DVDs can be recorded and erased many times, DVDs containing other types of information may be referred to as DVD data discs. The OED also states that in 1995, The companies said the name of the format will simply be DVD. Toshiba had been using the name ‘digital video disk’, but that was switched to ‘digital versatile disk’ after computer companies complained that it left out their applications, Digital versatile disc is the explanation provided in a DVD Forum Primer from 2000 and in the DVD Forums mission statement. There were several formats developed for recording video on optical discs before the DVD, Optical recording technology was invented by David Paul Gregg and James Russell in 1958 and first patented in 1961. A consumer optical disc data format known as LaserDisc was developed in the United States and it used much larger discs than the later formats. CD Video used analog video encoding on optical discs matching the established standard 120 mm size of audio CDs, Video CD became one of the first formats for distributing digitally encoded films in this format, in 1993. In the same year, two new optical disc formats were being developed. By the time of the launches for both formats in January 1995, the MMCD nomenclature had been dropped, and Philips and Sony were referring to their format as Digital Video Disc. Representatives from the SD camp asked IBM for advice on the system to use for their disc. Alan E. Bell, a researcher from IBMs Almaden Research Center, got that request and this group was referred to as the Technical Working Group, or TWG. On August 14,1995, an ad hoc group formed from five computer companies issued a release stating that they would only accept a single format. The TWG voted to both formats unless the two camps agreed on a single, converged standard. They recruited Lou Gerstner, president of IBM, to pressure the executives of the warring factions, as a result, the DVD specification provided a storage capacity of 4.7 GB for a single-layered, single-sided disc and 8.5 GB for a dual-layered, single-sided disc
DVD
DVD
–
Backside of a
Sony DADC -manufactured DVD
DVD
–
A DVD burner drive for a PC
DVD
–
Sony Rewritable DVD
21.
North Park Blocks
–
The North Park Blocks form a city park in downtown Portland, Oregon, in the United States. Couch deeded the five blocks to the city in 1865, an ordinance was passed in 1904, setting aside one park block for women and children. In 1906, another block was added for a childrens playground, the playground was divided into a boys playground and a small child and girls playground. Use of the North Park Blocks declined, especially as the 1924 zoning code did not preserve residential uses near them, by the 1940s, the North Park Blocks area was decidedly neglected. A problem with the homeless and aggressive panhandlers led to Daisy Kingdom and the U. S. Customs House to hire security guards, in 1989, the problem was worse, that year the local Montessori School found drug users and discarded needles in the city playground. In 2002, Chinese foundry owner Huo Baozhu donated Da Tung and Xian Bao Bao, full-size bronze reproductions of Shang dynasty elephant statues, the city placed them on the North Park Blocks where children could interact with them. In recent years, the North Park Blocks have experienced a renaissance, upscale condominiums and creative commercial buildings have replaced vacant or underutilized buildings. Dog Bowl, a sculpture in the park designed by William Wegman Memory 99 South Park Blocks Media related to North Park Blocks at Wikimedia Commons
North Park Blocks
–
Da Tung and Xi'an Bao Bao in the North Park Blocks
22.
Brick-and-mortar
–
Brick and mortar refers to a physical presence of an organization or business in a building or other structure. The term brick-and-mortar business is used to refer to a company that possesses or leases retail stores, factory production facilities. More specifically, in the jargon of e-commerce businesses in the 2000s, brick-and-mortar businesses are companies that have a physical presence, however, such online businesses normally have non-public physical facilities from which they either run business operations, and/or warehouses for storing and distributing products. Concerns such as traffic, storefront visibility, and appealing interior design apply to brick-and-mortar businesses rather than online ones. Some stores have both a bricks and mortar presence and extensive online shopping services. Examples include Best Buy, Walmart, and Target, while these stores are primarily known as brick-and-mortar businesses, they also have major online shopping websites. In the 2010s, the presence of online stores is adversely affecting some bricks and mortar-only businesses, some bricks and mortar stores state that this trend is decreasing their sales. The name is a derived from the traditional building materials associated with physical buildings, bricks. The term was used by 19th century British novelist Charles Dickens in the book Little Dorrit. The term brick-and-mortar businesses is also a retronym, in that most stores had a presence before the advent of the Internet. The term is applicable in a pre-Internet era, when contrasting businesses with physical retail presence with those that operated strictly in an order-by-mail capacity pre-Internet. All large retailers in the 19th and the early to mid-20th century started off with a brick and mortar presence. For many small businesses, their business model is limited to a bricks and mortar model. Nevertheless, even service-based businesses can use websites and apps to new customers or improve their services. For example, a dry cleaning service could use a website to let customers know of the hours and location of their bricks and mortar stores. Netflix, a movie streaming website founded in 1997, is an example of how an online business has affected a B&M businesses such as video rental stores. After Netflix and similar companies became popular, traditional DVD rental stores such as Blockbuster LLC went out of business, the rapid rise of online film streaming offered by the likes of Lovefilm and Netflix made Blockbusters video and DVD business model practically obsolete. There has been an increase in online retailers in the 2000s, today’s consumers lead busy lives and shopping takes time
Brick-and-mortar
–
Brick and mortar stores on Marylebone High Street, London.
23.
Anne Rice
–
Anne Rice is an American author of gothic fiction, Christian literature, and erotica. She is perhaps best known for her popular and influential series of novels, The Vampire Chronicles, Books from The Vampire Chronicles were the subject of two film adaptations, Interview with the Vampire in 1994, and Queen of the Damned in 2002. Born in New Orleans, Rice spent much of her life there before moving to Texas. She was raised in an observant Catholic family, but became an agnostic as a young adult and she began her professional writing career with the publication of Interview with the Vampire in 1976, while living in California, and began writing sequels to the novel in the 1980s. Several years later she distanced herself from organized Christianity, citing disagreement with the Churchs stances on social issues, however, she now considers herself a secular humanist. Rices books have sold nearly 100 million copies, placing her among the most popular authors in recent American history, while reaction to her early works was initially mixed, she became more popular with critics and readers in the 1980s. Her writing style and the content of her works have been deeply analyzed by literary commentators. She was married to poet and painter Stan Rice for 41 years and she and Stan had two children, Michele, who died of leukemia at age five, and Christopher, who is also an author. In addition to her novels, Rice has authored books such as The Feast of All Saints and Servant of the Bones. Several books from The Vampire Chronicles have been adapted as comics by various publishers, Rice has also authored erotic fiction under the pen names Anne Rampling and A. N. Roquelaure, including Exit to Eden, which was later adapted into a 1994 film. Born on October 4,1941 in New Orleans, Rice is the second of four daughters of parents of Irish Catholic descent, Howard OBrien and her older sister, Alice Borchardt, later became a noted author of fantasy and horror fiction. Rice spent most of her childhood and teenage years in New Orleans and her early years were marked by coping with the familys poverty and her mothers alcoholism. As a young child, Rice studied at St. Alphonsus School, about her unusual given name, Rice said, Well, my birth name is Howard Allen because apparently my mother thought it was a good idea to name me Howard. My fathers name was Howard, she wanted to me after Howard. She was a bit of a Bohemian, a bit of mad woman, a bit of a genius, and she had the idea that naming a woman Howard was going to give that woman an unusual advantage in the world. Rice became Anne on her first day of school, when a nun asked her what her name was and she told the nun Anne, which she considered a pretty name. Her mother, who was with her, let it go without correcting her, from that day on, everyone she knew addressed her as Anne, and her name was legally changed in 1947. I was honored to have my aunts name, she said, when Rice was fifteen years old, her mother died as a result of alcoholism
Anne Rice
–
Rice in 2006
Anne Rice
–
Anne Rice's residence in New Orleans
24.
Google Offers
–
Google Offers was a service offering discounts and coupons. Initially, it was a deal of the day similar to Groupon. Rather than a number of prepaid offers, it instead offered many smaller discounts. It additionally integrated with both Google Maps and Google Wallet for mobile offers, in 2014 Google announced it would be shutting the service down. In 2011, Google began to drop hints of entering the Offers market, nate Tyler, a Google spokesman, stated that the company is communicating with small businesses to enlist their support and participation in a test of a prepaid offers/vouchers program. This initiative is part of an effort at Google to make new products … that connect businesses with customers in new ways. Users receive an e-mail with a deal of the day. They then have the opportunity to buy that deal within a time limit. Unlike Groupon, an offer on Google Offers is valid regardless of how people take it. Google Offers is powered by Google Checkout and integrates with Google Wallet and it will also include Facebook, Twitter, Google Reader, Google Buzz and e-mail sharing options. Google Offers development information was leaked after an attempt by Google to buy Groupon for US$6 billion in December 2010. On May 26,2011, the service was officially launched, during its first month, the most popular deal was $20 worth of Powells Books merchandise for $10,5,000 Powell’s vouchers sold out in a matter of hours. That deals price turned out to be Google Offers median offer price for the month, on July 12,2011, service was expanded to New York and the San Francisco Bay Area. On July 4,2012, Google Offers Chrome extension was launched, on March 6,2013, offer extensions in AdWords was launched, allowing businesses to distribute promotions through their AdWords campaigns. These offers are discoverable when a user searches for a business, brand, product and they save the offer to their Google Account from the Search ad and then redeem in-store or online. In March 2014 Google announced that it would be shutting the service down
Google Offers
–
Screenshot of Google Offers beta
25.
TechCrunch
–
TechCrunch is an online publisher of technology industry news. It primarily covers businesses ranging from startups to established firms, notable journalists and contributors include venture capitalists Chris Dixon and entrepreneurs Justin Kan and Kevin Rose. The website is owned by AOL, on September 28,2010, at its WizCrunch Disrupt conference in San Francisco, AOL announced that it would acquire TechCrunch. The price was rumored to be between $25 million and $40 million, past winners include Qwiki, Getaround, YourMechanic, and Enigma. io. The company claims to have more than 50,000 active contributors, members of the public, subject to registration, can make submissions to the database, however, all changes are subject to review by a moderator before being accepted. Data is constantly reviewed by editors to ensure it is up to date, in 2013, CrunchBase said it had 2 million users accessing its database each month. AOL is in dispute with start-up Pro Populi over that groups use of the entire CrunchBase dataset in apps that Pro Populi has developed, Pro Populi is being represented by the Electronic Frontier Foundation. The Crunchies is a ceremony, run by TechCrunch, which celebrates the most compelling startups, internet. Techcrunch often creates a list of the top startups and the funding they received, twelve categories have been awarded in 2016, including Best New Startup, Best Overall Startup, and Best Mobile App. TechCrunch has more than 8 million followers on Twitter, and more than 2.5 million likes on Facebook, in 2014, TechCrunch Disrupt was featured in an arc of the HBO series Silicon Valley. The characters startup Pied Piper participates on a battle at TechCrunch Disrupt. According to TechCrunch editor Sam OKeefe, the representation of the conference was obscenely accurate. A scandal erupted over the Titstare application, created by participants in a hackathon at Disrupt 2013, in 2011, the site came under fire for possible ethics violations. These included claims that Arringtons investments in certain firms which the site had covered created a conflict of interest, the controversy that ensued eventually led to Arringtons departure, and other writers, including Paul Carr and Sarah Lacy, followed suit. TechCrunch is currently available in English, Chinese and Japanese and it had a French edition, which was folded into TechCrunch. com. Official website TechCrunch Events CrunchBase DEADPOOL
TechCrunch
–
Michael Arrington (TechCrunch founder) and
Mark Zuckerberg (
Facebook founder) on stage at TechCrunch Disrupt.
TechCrunch
–
TechCrunch
TechCrunch
–
TechCrunch Disrupt stage.
26.
Print on demand
–
Print on demand is a printing technology and business process in which book copies do not print until the company receives an order, allowing prints of singular or small quantities. Many traditional small presses have replaced their traditional printing equipment with POD equipment or contract their printing to POD service providers, many academic publishers, including university presses, use POD services to maintain large backlists, some use POD for all of their publications. Larger publishers may use POD in special circumstances, such as reprinting older, before the introduction of digital printing technology, production of small numbers of publications had many limitations. Large print jobs were not a problem, but small numbers of printed pages were typically during the early 20th century produced using stencils and these produced printed pages of inferior quality to a book, cheaply and reasonably fast. By about 1950, electrostatic copiers were available to make paper master plates for offset duplicating machines, from about 1960 copying onto plain paper became possible for photocopy machines to make multiple good-quality copies of a monochrome original. As technology advanced it became possible to store text in digital form—- paper tape, punched cards readable by digital computer, magnetic mass storage, etc. Print on demand with digital technology is a way to print items for a fixed cost per copy, regardless of the size of the order. While the unit price of each copy is greater than with offset printing. POD has other business benefits besides lesser costs, Technical set-up is usually quicker than for offset printing, large inventories of a book or print material do not need to be kept in stock, reducing storage, handling costs, and inventory accounting costs. There is little or no waste from unsold products and these advantages reduce the risks associated with publishing books and prints and can result in increased choice for consumers. However, the risks for the publisher can also mean that quality control is less rigorous than usual. Digital technology is suited to publish small print jobs of posters when they are needed. The introduction of inks and media for large format inkjet printers has allowed artists. This was brought about after a fire destroyed £3 million worth of stock, the introduction of POD technologies and business-models has created a range of new book-creation and publishing opportunities. There are three categories of offerings. POD creats a new category of publishing company that services, usually for a fee. These services generally include printing and shipping each individual book ordered, handling royalties, the initial investment required for POD services is less than for offset printing. Other services may also be available, including formatting, proofreading, and editing, such companies are suitable for authors prepared to design and promote their work themselves, with minimal assistance and at minimal cost
Print on demand
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An on demand book printer at the
Internet Archive headquarters in San Francisco, California. Two large printers print the pages (left) and the cover (right) and feed them into the rest of the machine for collating and binding. Depending on the number of pages in a given book, it might take from 5 to 20 minutes to print
Print on demand
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King and McGaw art prints are made on demand at their warehouse in
Newhaven,
England
27.
International Longshore and Warehouse Union
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The International Longshore and Warehouse Union is a labor union which primarily represents dock workers on the West Coast of the United States, Hawaii and Alaska, and in British Columbia, Canada. It also represents workers in Hawaii, cannery workers in Alaska, warehouse workers throughout the West and bookstore workers in Portland. The union was established in 1937 after the 1934 West Coast Waterfront Strike, a 3-month-long strike that culminated in a 4-day general strike in San Francisco, California, and it disaffiliated from the AFL-CIO on August 30,2013. The Industrial Workers of the World and the Communist Party had both attempted to organize longshoremen, sailors and fishermen in the 1920s and those militants, known as the Albion Hall group after their usual meeting place in San Francisco, made contacts with like-minded activists at other ports. When the employers offered to arbitrate, but only on the condition that the union agree to the open shop, similar battles broke out in San Francisco and Oakland, California, Portland, Oregon and Seattle, Washington. When the employers made a show of force in order to reopen the port in San Francisco, two strikers were killed on July 5 by a policemans shotgun blast into a crowd of picketers and onlookers. This incident is known as Bloody Thursday and is commemorated every year by ILWU members, when the National Guard moved in to patrol the waterfront, the picketers pulled back. The union won most of its demands in that arbitration proceeding, Union members also engaged in a number of sympathy strikes in support of other maritime unions demands. The union eventually organized warehouses throughout the United States and this March Inland was crucial in improving the working conditions and quality of life with each union it assimilated. The union also led efforts to form Maritime Federation of the Pacific and that federation helped the sailors union win the same sort of contract after a long strike in 1936 that the ILA had achieved in 1934. Rivalries between the two unions, however, soon broke the federation apart, the ILWU also established strong unions on the docks in Hawaii during this time. In the next decade, despite the opposition of the employers. The ILWUs work changed the climate in Hawaii, confronting the hold on power that the Big Five had exercised for half a century. The ILWU backed the Cannery and Agricultural Workers Industrial Union, a communist-controlled union headquartered in San Jose, harry Bridges was elected President of the new union, which quickly affiliated with the Congress of Industrial Organizations. Bridges became the West Coast Director for the CIO shortly thereafter, Bridges star within the CIO began to wane, however, as the Communist Party began to lose ground within the CIO. The United States government lost every effort it made to deport Bridges, revoke his naturalization, wallaces presidential campaign, the CIO expelled the ILWU in 1950 for being dominated by communists. Expulsion had no effect, however, on either the ILWU or Bridges power within it. The organization continued to negotiate agreements, with less strife than in the 1930s and 1940s, the agreement, however, highlighted the lesser status that less senior members, known as B-men, enjoyed
International Longshore and Warehouse Union
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Longshore worker and crane operator Al Webster joined the Seattle march on May 1, 2007 to call for an end to the Iraq war.
International Longshore and Warehouse Union
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ILWU
28.
National Labor Relations Board
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The National Labor Relations Board is an independent US government agency with responsibilities for enforcing US labor law in relation to collective bargaining and unfair labor practices. Under the National Labor Relations Act of 1935 it supervises elections for labor union representation and can investigate, unfair labor practices may involve union-related situations or instances of protected concerted activity. The NLRB is governed by a board and a General Counsel. Board members are appointed to five-year terms and the General Counsel is appointed to a four-year term, the General Counsel acts as a prosecutor and the Board acts as an appellate judicial body from decisions of administrative law judges. The NLRB is headquartered at 1015 Half St. SE, Washington, D. C. with over 30 regional, sub-regional, the history of the National Labor Relations Board can be traced to enactment of the National Industrial Recovery Act in 1933. The National Industrial Recovery Act was administered by the National Recovery Administration, at the outset, NRA Administrator Hugh S. Johnson naïvely believed that Section 7 would be self-enforcing, but the tremendous labor unrest proved him wrong. On August 5,1933, President Franklin D. Roosevelt announced the establishment of the National Labor Board under the auspices of the NRA to implement the collective bargaining provisions of Section 7, the National Labor Board established a system of 20 regional boards to handle the immense caseload. Each regional board had a representative designated by local unions, local employers. The public representative acted as the chair, the regional boards could hold hearings and propose settlements to disputes. Initially, they lacked authority to order representation elections, but this changed after Roosevelt issued additional executive orders on February 1 and February 23,1934. Congress passed Public Resolution No.44 on June 19,1934, which empowered the president to appoint a new board with authority to issue subpoenas, hold elections. On June 29, President Roosevelt abolished the NLB and in Executive Order 6763 established a new, lloyd K. Garrison was the first chair of the National Labor Relations Board. In its brief existence, the First NLRB established organizational structures which remain in place at the NLRB in the 21st century. Formally, Garrison established the, Executive Office, which handled administrative activities of the national and regional boards, field staff and it was overseen by an Executive Secretary. Examining Division, national staff which conducted field investigations and assisted the regional boards with adjudications, hearings, information Division, which provided the press and public with news. Legal Division, which assisted the Department of Justice in seeking compliance with board decisions in the courts, Research Division, which studied decisions of the regional boards so that a comprehensive labor law might be developed, and studied the economics of each case. Within a year, however, most of the jurisdiction of the First NLRB was stripped away and its decisions in the automobile, newspaper, textile, and steel industry proved so volatile that Roosevelt himself often removed these cases from the boards jurisdiction. Several federal court decisions further limited the boards power, Senator Robert F. Wagner subsequently pushed legislation through Congress to give a statutory basis to federal labor policy that would survive court scrutiny
National Labor Relations Board
–
National Labor Relations Board
National Labor Relations Board
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Plaque on the exterior of
1099 14th Street NW in Washington, D.C., the NLRB headquarters as of 2013.
National Labor Relations Board
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J. Warren Madden (left), Nathan Witt, and Charles Fahy (right) reviewing documents before a congressional hearing on December 13, 1937.
National Labor Relations Board
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Union members picketing NLRB rulings outside the agency's
Washington, D.C., headquarters in November 2007.
29.
Cedar Hills Crossing
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Cedar Hills Crossing, formerly Beaverton Mall, is a retail shopping center in the city of Beaverton, Oregon, United States. The center is notable in that it was the site of a historic airport, Bernards Airport. The current name was adopted in September 2002 when C. E, john Company began the redevelopment of the Mall. Three extra mall entrances, new building facades and 40,000 square feet of new space was involved in the redevelopment, including new restaurants. Prior to the construction, the site was a small airport known as Bernards Airport. An underground chemical release at the site was discovered in the 1980s, considerable analysis of this release, along with other on site environmental factors, has been conducted to provide for safety of mall patrons and area residents. At least through the period 1970 to 1990 the center functioned in compliance with most local standards for environmental regulation. The malls name was changed to Cedar Hills Crossing in the last stages of renovations, the interior mall shops and restaurants located between Powells and Golf Galaxy was named The Barking Frog. A new 16-screen movie theatre was opened by Century Theatres in November 2004, since 2006, the shopping center has included a branch of Powells Books. There are a variety of stores at Cedar Hills Crossing. A, Powells Books, Rays Watch Repair, Samurai Sams, Small World Surprises, Sunflower Beauty Salon, Taco Time, Teasers Top Shop, Trends, Visionworks, Waka Sushi, and Weight Watchers. List of shopping malls in Oregon Media related to Cedar Hills Crossing at Wikimedia Commons City of Beaverton Historical Photos, aerial photography of the mall and airport
Cedar Hills Crossing
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Northeast corner
Cedar Hills Crossing
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Interior view by the food court
Cedar Hills Crossing
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A movie theater in the shopping center
Cedar Hills Crossing
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Powell's Books at Cedar Hills Crossing
30.
Beaverton, Oregon
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Beaverton is a city in Washington County, in the U. S. state of Oregon. The city center is 7 miles west of downtown Portland in the Tualatin River Valley, as of the 2010 census, the population is 89,803. This makes it the second-largest city in the county and Oregons sixth-largest city, Fire protection and EMS services are provided through Tualatin Valley Fire and Rescue. In 2010, Beaverton was named by Money magazine as one of the 100 best places to live, along with Hillsboro, Beaverton is one of the economic centers for Washington County, home to numerous corporations in a variety of industries. According to Oregon Geographic Names, Beavertons name is derived from the proximity to a large body of water resulting from beaver dams. The area of Tualatin Valley which became Beaverton was originally the home of a Native American tribe known as the Atfalati, which settlers mispronounced as Tualatin. The Atfalati population dwindled in the part of the 18th century. The natives had a village called Chakeipi, meaning Place of the Beaver, early settlers include the Hall Family from Kentucky, the Denneys who lived on their claim near present-day Scholls Ferry Road and Hall Blvd, and Orin S. Allen, from western New York. Lawrence Hall purchased 640 acres in Beaverdam in 1847 and built a grist mill with his brother near present-day Walker Road and his was the first land claim in the area. He was soon followed by Thomas Denney in 1848, who came to the area, in 1860, a toll plank road from Portland to Beaverton was completed over a trail called Canyon Road. After the American Civil War, numerous settlers, including Joshua Welch, George Betts, Charles Angel. In 1872, Beavertons first post office opened in a store operated by Betts. Betts Street, where the current post office now stands, is named in honor of him, in 1893, Beaverton, which by that time had a population of 400, was officially incorporated. Alonzo Cady, a businessman, served as the first mayor. Many major roads in Beaverton are named for early settlers. Beaverton was a home to automobile dealerships. A Ford Motor Company dealership was established there in 1915, it was purchased by Guy Carr in 1923, there are still several dealerships near the intersection of Walker and Canyon Roads. In the early 1920s, Beaverton was home to Premium Picture Productions, the studio site was later converted into Watts Field and associated aircraft manufacturing facilities
Beaverton, Oregon
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Downtown Beaverton, along Broadway
Beaverton, Oregon
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City Park in Beaverton
Beaverton, Oregon
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Mayor Denny Doyle
Beaverton, Oregon
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The Round in 2009
31.
Hawthorne, Portland, Oregon
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The area has numerous retail stores, including clothing shops, restaurants, bars, brewpubs and microbreweries. Hawthorne district is known for its liberal residents, the district has been known for having various social groups, such as Generation X, hippies and more recently, hipsters. The Hawthorne area has vintage homes and apartments and locally owned shops, Hawthorne Boulevard was named after Dr. J. C. Hawthorne, the cofounder of Oregons first mental hospital. Originally named U Street, the road was renamed Asylum Avenue in 1862, in 1883 the privately owned Oregon Hospital for the Insane was replaced by a new state-run facility located in Salem, todays Oregon State Hospital. The distasteful name Asylum Avenue was abandoned in April 1888 when the street was renamed Hawthorne Avenue by city ordinance in honor of Dr. Hawthorne and it was further renamed Hawthorne Boulevard in March 1933. Neighbors organized and prevented a McDonalds restaurant from being built at the site of a former Arbys restaurant, the vacant building was replaced with condominiums and retail shops on the first floor. The Hawthorne Boulevard Business Association serves local businesses on the boulevard from SE 12th Ave. through SE 60th Ave, mt. Tabor Park has exceptional views of Portland, and is built on an extinct volcano
Hawthorne, Portland, Oregon
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Hawthorne District
Hawthorne, Portland, Oregon
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Bread and Ink cafe at 36th and Hawthorne in Portland, Oregon
Hawthorne, Portland, Oregon
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Tiny's Coffee at 12th and Hawthorne in Portland, Oregon
32.
Portland International Airport
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It is located within Portlands city limits just south of the Columbia River in Multnomah County,6 miles by air and 12 mi by highway northeast of Downtown Portland. Portland International Airport is often referred to by its IATA airport code, the airport is a secondary hub for Alaska Airlines and Horizon Air, with Seattle–Tacoma International Airport as the primary hub for Alaska Airlines and Horizon Air. The airport also serves as a facility for Horizon Air. Regional carrier PenAir operate their Pacific Northwest hub at PDX, general aviation services are provided at PDX by Atlantic Aviation. The Oregon Air National Guard has a base located on the southwest portion of the property grounds, and is also the host unit of the 142d Fighter Wing. Local transportation includes the MAX Red Line light rail, which takes passengers between PDX and Downtown Portland, as well as farther west to Beaverton, Oregon, there is also Interstate 205, which connects to southwestern Washington along with many suburbs of Portland. In 2013, a Travel+Leisure magazine readers poll named PDX as the best US airport, based on its record, dining, shopping. In 2015,10 new restaurants were opened at PDX, making it a foodie haven according to travelers, PDX also got significant recognition for its unique carpet pattern, which was replaced throughout the entire airport with newer carpet that contains a similar design. In 2006,2007,2008, and 2010, PDX was identified as the top airport for business travelers in the United States by Condé Nast Traveler magazine. The 2015 and 2016 J. D. Power and Associates rankings for US Large Passenger Airports lists PDX at the #1 spot and it scored Portland International Airport as average in the categories of check-in/baggage check, security check, and baggage claims. It also scored at the bottom of several categories, including overall airport satisfaction, airport accessibility, terminal facilities and food, in 2015 the Air Line Pilots Association, International, Airport and Ground Environment Group recognized Portland International Airport as the recipient of the Airport of the Year. The award was given as a result of the collabaration and partnering between PDX and ALPA on important on-going airport safety and construction issues, a work station and assembly for repairing bicycles is located at the lower terminal roadway near the TriMet MAX Red Line station. There is also a Tool check-out located at the Oregon Welcome Center, in February 2017, the Hollywood Theatre, opened a microcinema at the Portland International Airport. This one-of-a-kind theatre features seventeen seats, with room for standing only. The theatre location is post-security in the C concourse, near gate C5, the award recognizes the House Spirits immersive retail experience at Portland International Airport and its offerings of product tastings, branded apparel and distilled beverages for purchase. House Spirits Distillery operates at PDX as the first distillery in the world to operate a spirits tasting room at an airport location. In addition to selling spirits and other curated items, House Spirits Distillery will also provide classes to introduce PDX fliers to their products during airport down time. The new retail experience is inspired by their new facility in Southeast Portland which opened in November 2015, there is one passenger terminal in the airport, with five concourses split between two sides
Portland International Airport
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Portland International Airport
Portland International Airport
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PDX airport diagram.
Portland International Airport
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Atrium at the end of Concourse D
Portland International Airport
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The airport as seen from Rocky Butte
33.
Portland Business Journal
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American City Business Journals is an American newspaper chain based in Charlotte, North Carolina, owned by Advance Publications. It also controls the Street & Smiths Sports Group, which publishes motorsports periodicals, including SportsBusiness Journal, Sports Business Daily, five sports annuals, the company is the United States leading publisher of NASCAR magazines, which includes NASCAR Illustrated and Scenedaily. com. American City also publishes specialty publications, which include a business newspaper, a law journal. In 2009, ACBJ took over management of Portfolio. com, mike Russell founded American City Business Journals. The President and CEO of American City is Whitney Shaw, Shaw was previously senior vice president of ACBJ and president of its sports-publishing division. He succeeds his father, Ray Shaw, who was chairman, Ray Shaw, the companys chairman from 1989 until his 2009 death, bought a controlling interest along with a partner in 1989, selling to Advance Publications in 1995. It was Russell who suggested Shaw buy the company rather than just a few journals. Under Ray Shaws leadership, the company moved from Kansas City, Missouri, to Charlotte, North Carolina, and greatly increased the number of its publications. The site contains local news from around the nation, updated throughout the day. The Business Journals sites have more than four million visitors each month. The Business Journals Forty Under 40 is an annual list compiled and published by the Business Journal newspapers since 1992, the purpose is to list the 40 most successful entrepreneurs under the age of 40. The 40 are usually nominated from within individual areas in range of the local business journals publication, American City Business Journals corporate website The Business Journals The Business Journals mobile Street & Smiths SportsBusiness Journal Hemmings Motor News
Portland Business Journal
–
American City Business Journals' corporate office is in Charlotte, North Carolina. The company's major divisions are metropolitan weekly publications and sports publications.
34.
Portland Tribune
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The Portland Tribune is a free newspaper published twice weekly, each Tuesday and Thursday, in Portland, Oregon, United States. The Tribune has twice been chosen as the nations best non-daily paper, launched in 2001, the paper was published twice-weekly until 2008, when it was reduced to weekly, and returned to twice-weekly publication in 2014. Pamplin, Jr. announced his intention to found the paper in the summer of 2000, at the time, it was a rare example of the expansion of print news, in a time when many cities were seeing newspapers merge or go out of business. But its launch preceded a significant national downturn in advertising sales, eleven months after its launch, the Tribune cut back on home deliveries. The newspaper was losing money faster than anticipated after its first year. By late 2006, its staff had been reduced to 27. On May 5,2008, the paper announced it would switch effective immediately to a print format. In July 2009, difficult conditions led to the layoff of two reporters and the resignation of its managing editor, resulting in a newsroom staff of 14. In March 2014, the Portland Tribune resumed twice-weekly publication of its print edition, with reinstatement of a Tuesday edition, the paper deals almost exclusively with issues local to Portland and the U. S. state of Oregon. The paper is known for its coverage of local high school, college and professional sports teams, with concentration on the NBA, Pac-10, Big Sky Conference. A business section was added to the print edition in 2014, along with other coverage expansion, including health and fitness content, the Tribune sponsors the annual Portland Regional Spelling Bee for middle school students. The champion participates in the Scripps National Spelling Bee in Washington, D. C
Portland Tribune
–
A Portland Tribune newsrack
35.
Daily Journal of Commerce
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The Daily Journal of Commerce is a U. S. newspaper published Monday, Wednesday and Friday in Portland, Oregon. It features business, construction, real estate, legal news and it is a member of American Court & Commercial Newspapers Inc. DJC is owned by BridgeTower Media, the DJC is read by business professionals in industries such as construction industry, architecture, engineering, commercial real estate, and law. Besides news, each day the readers of the DJC can find a number of legal notices and public records from the city of Portland. The Daily Journal of Commerce was founded in 1872 and it merged with Sunday Welcome at some point during the 1930s or 1940s, and was purchased by Dolan Media Company of Minneapolis in 1997. Dolan Media Company changed its name to The Dolan Company in 2010, the Dolan Company changed its name to BridgeTower Media in 2016
Daily Journal of Commerce
–
Daily Journal of Commerce
36.
The Portland Mercury
–
The Portland Mercury is an alternative weekly newspaper published in Portland, Oregon. It serves to chronicle the Portland music scene, and generally includes interviews, commentaries, reviews, there are adult, abstract and surrealist comic strips such as Maakies by Tony Millionaire, Kazs Underworld by Kaz, and Idiot Box by Matt Bors. The Mercury is similar in style to its publication, Seattle. The Portland Mercurys publisher is Robert Thompson, the Portland Mercury’s current editorial staff consists of Editor-in-Chief Wm. While he is not yet an official editor, actor Sam Elliott has been known to visit the Mercurys offices, the Portland Mercury publishes columns that often have a satirical or humorous tone. The publications established columnists include Dan Savage, Ann Romano and Ian Karmel, the paper also often features fictional columns written by characters from pop culture or those created by members of the staff. These columns have included Elementary School Crime Blotter by Jerry Masterson, Imbecile Parade by Frank Cassano, the Portland Mercury also publishes I, Anonymous, in which readers can submit anonymous rants and anecdotes. Oregon portal Journalism portal Official website
The Portland Mercury
–
The Portland Mercury
37.
The New York Times
–
The New York Times is an American daily newspaper, founded and continuously published in New York City since September 18,1851, by The New York Times Company. The New York Times has won 119 Pulitzer Prizes, more than any other newspaper, the papers print version in 2013 had the second-largest circulation, behind The Wall Street Journal, and the largest circulation among the metropolitan newspapers in the US. The New York Times is ranked 18th in the world by circulation, following industry trends, its weekday circulation had fallen in 2009 to fewer than one million. Nicknamed The Gray Lady, The New York Times has long been regarded within the industry as a newspaper of record. The New York Times international version, formerly the International Herald Tribune, is now called the New York Times International Edition, the papers motto, All the News Thats Fit to Print, appears in the upper left-hand corner of the front page. On Sunday, The New York Times is supplemented by the Sunday Review, The New York Times Book Review, The New York Times Magazine and T, some other early investors of the company were Edwin B. Morgan and Edward B. We do not believe that everything in Society is either right or exactly wrong, —what is good we desire to preserve and improve, —what is evil, to exterminate. In 1852, the started a western division, The Times of California that arrived whenever a mail boat got to California. However, when local California newspapers came into prominence, the effort failed, the newspaper shortened its name to The New-York Times in 1857. It dropped the hyphen in the city name in the 1890s, One of the earliest public controversies it was involved with was the Mortara Affair, the subject of twenty editorials it published alone. At Newspaper Row, across from City Hall, Henry Raymond, owner and editor of The New York Times, averted the rioters with Gatling guns, in 1869, Raymond died, and George Jones took over as publisher. Tweed offered The New York Times five million dollars to not publish the story, in the 1880s, The New York Times transitioned gradually from editorially supporting Republican Party candidates to becoming more politically independent and analytical. In 1884, the paper supported Democrat Grover Cleveland in his first presidential campaign, while this move cost The New York Times readership among its more progressive and Republican readers, the paper eventually regained most of its lost ground within a few years. However, the newspaper was financially crippled by the Panic of 1893, the paper slowly acquired a reputation for even-handedness and accurate modern reporting, especially by the 1890s under the guidance of Ochs. Under Ochs guidance, continuing and expanding upon the Henry Raymond tradition, The New York Times achieved international scope, circulation, in 1910, the first air delivery of The New York Times to Philadelphia began. The New York Times first trans-Atlantic delivery by air to London occurred in 1919 by dirigible, airplane Edition was sent by plane to Chicago so it could be in the hands of Republican convention delegates by evening. In the 1940s, the extended its breadth and reach. The crossword began appearing regularly in 1942, and the section in 1946
The New York Times
–
Cover of The New York Times (November 15, 2012), with the headline story reporting on
Operation Pillar of Defense.
The New York Times
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First published issue of New-York Daily Times, on September 18, 1851.
The New York Times
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The Times Square Building, The New York Times ' publishing headquarters, 1913–2007
The New York Times
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The New York Times newsroom, 1942
38.
Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
Geographic coordinate system
–
Longitude lines are perpendicular and latitude lines are parallel to the equator.
39.
Los Angeles Times Book Prize
–
Since 1980, the Los Angeles Times has awarded a set of annual book prizes. The Prizes currently have nine single-title categories, biography, current interest, fiction, first fiction, history, mystery/thriller, poetry, science and technology, and young adult fiction. In addition, the Robert Kirsch Award is presented annually to an author with a substantial connection to the American West. It is named in honor of Robert Kirsch, the Los Angeles Times book critic from 1952 until his death in 1980, the Book Prize program was founded by Art Seidenbaum, a Los Angeles Times book editor from 1978 to 1985. An award named for him was added a year after his death in 1990, works are eligible during the year of their first US publication in English, and may be written originally in languages other than English. The author of each winning book and the Kirsch Award recipient receives a citation, the prizes are presented the day before the annual Los Angeles Times Festival of Books. 2002 The awards were made at UCLAs Royce Hall,2013 The finalists were announced on February 19, and the winners were announced on April 11,2014. Caro 2011, Clarence Darrow, Attorney for the Damned by John A, dionne, Jr.1990, Disappearing through the Skylight, Culture and Technology in the Twentieth Century by O. B. Hardison, Jr. Bellah, Richard Madsen, William M. Sullivan, Ann Swidler and Steven M. B. G. M
Los Angeles Times Book Prize
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David Eggers, double winner of the Book Prize in 2009
40.
Dave Eggers
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Dave Eggers is an American writer, editor, and publisher. He wrote the best-selling memoir A Heartbreaking Work of Staggering Genius and his writing has appeared in several magazines. Eggers was born in Boston, Massachusetts, one of four siblings and his father, John K. Eggers, an attorney, was Protestant. His mother, Heidi McSweeney Eggers, a teacher, was Catholic. When Eggers was still a child, the moved to the suburb of Lake Forest, near Chicago. Eggers attended the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, intending to get a degree in journalism. But, his studies were interrupted by the deaths of both of his parents in 1991–1992, his father in 1991 from brain and lung cancer and these events were chronicled in his first book, the fictionalized A Heartbreaking Work of Staggering Genius. At the time, Eggers was 21, and his brother, Christopher, was 8 years old. The two eldest siblings, Bill and Beth, were unable to commit to care for Toph, his brother had a full-time job. As a result, Dave Eggers took the responsibility and he left the University of Illinois and moved to Berkeley, California, with his girlfriend Kirsten and his brother. They initially moved in with Eggers sister, Beth, and her roommate, but eventually found a place in part of town. Toph attended a private school, and Eggers did temp work. Eventually, with his friend David Moodie, he took over a free newspaper called Cups. This gradually evolved into the satirical magazine Might, Eggers lives in the San Francisco Bay Area and is married to Vendela Vida, also a writer. Eggerss elder brother, Bill, is a researcher who has worked for several think tanks. Eggerss sister, Beth, committed suicide in November 2001, Eggers briefly spoke about his sisters death during a 2002 fan interview for McSweeneys. He was one of three 2008 TED Prize recipients and his TED Prize wish was for helping community members to personally engage with local public schools. The same year, he was named one of 50 Visionaries Who Are Changing the World by Utne Reader, in 2005, he was awarded an honorary Doctor of Letters from Brown University
Dave Eggers
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Eggers at the 2007
Brooklyn Book Festival
Dave Eggers
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Eggers worked with Sudanese refugee Valentino Achak Deng to tell a fictionalized account of Achak's life story
Dave Eggers
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Eggers in October 2008
41.
Margaret Atwood
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Margaret Eleanor Atwood, CC OOnt FRSC is a Canadian poet, novelist, literary critic, essayist, and environmental activist. She is a winner of the Arthur C, in 2001, she was inducted into Canadas Walk of Fame. She is also a founder of the Writers Trust of Canada, among innumerable contributions to Canadian literature, she was a founding trustee of the Griffin Poetry Prize. Atwood is also the inventor, and developer, of the LongPen and she is the Co-Founder and a Director of Syngrafii Inc. a company that she started in 2004 to develop, produce and distribute the LongPen technology. She holds various patents related to the LongPen technologies, while she is best known for her work as a novelist, she has also published fifteen books of poetry. Many of her poems have inspired by myths and fairy tales. Atwood has published stories in Tamarack Review, Alphabet, Harpers, CBC Anthology, Ms. Saturday Night. She has also published four collections of stories and three collections of short prose works. Born in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, Atwood was the second of three children of Margaret Dorothy, a dietitian and nutritionist from Woodville, Nova Scotia and Carl Edmund Atwood. Because of her father’s ongoing research in forest entomology, Atwood spent much of her childhood in the backwoods of northern Quebec and travelling back and she did not attend school full-time until she was eight years old. She became a reader of literature, Dell pocketbook mysteries, Grimms Fairy Tales, Canadian animal stories. She attended Leaside High School in Leaside, Toronto, and graduated in 1957, Atwood began writing plays and poems at the age of six. Atwood realized she wanted to write professionally when she was 16, in 1957, she began studying at Victoria College in the University of Toronto, where she published poems and articles in Acta Victoriana, the college literary journal. Her professors included Jay Macpherson and Northrop Frye and she graduated in 1961 with a Bachelor of Arts in English and a minor in philosophy and French. In late 1961, after winning the E. J. Pratt Medal for her privately printed book of poems, Double Persephone, she began graduate studies at Harvards Radcliffe College with a Woodrow Wilson fellowship. She obtained a degree from Radcliffe in 1962 and pursued doctoral studies at Harvard University for two years, but did not finish her dissertation, The English Metaphysical Romance. F. A. Chair, and New York University, where she was Berg Professor of English, Atwood, who was surrounded by the intellectual dialogue of the female faculty members at Victoria College, often portrays female characters dominated by patriarchy in her novels. She also sheds light on womens oppression as a result from patriarchal ideology
Margaret Atwood
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Atwood at the 2015 Texas Book Festival
Margaret Atwood
42.
John Green (author)
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John Michael Green is an American author, vlogger, writer, producer, actor and editor. He won the 2006 Printz Award for his novel, Looking for Alaska. The 2014 film adaptation opened at one on the box office. In 2014, Green was included in Time magazines list of The 100 Most Influential People in the World, another film based on a Green novel, Paper Towns, was released on July 24,2015. Aside from being a novelist, Green is also known for his YouTube ventures. In 2007, he launched the VlogBrothers channel with his brother, Green was born in Indianapolis, Indiana, to Mike and Sydney Green. Three weeks after he was born, his family moved to Michigan, then later Birmingham, Alabama, Green graduated from Kenyon College in 2000 with a double major in English and Religious studies. He has spoken about being bullied and how it had made life as a teenager miserable for him, after graduating from college, Green spent five months working as a student chaplain at Nationwide Childrens Hospital in Columbus, Ohio while enrolled at the University of Chicago Divinity School. Green lived for years in Chicago, where he worked for the book review journal Booklist as a publishing assistant. While there, he reviewed hundreds of books, particularly literary fiction and he has also critiqued books for The New York Times Book Review and created original radio essays for NPRs All Things Considered and WBEZ, Chicagos public radio station. Green later lived in New York City for two years while his wife attended graduate school, the novel was awarded the annual Michael L. Printz Award by the American Library Association, recognizing the years best book written for teens, based entirely on its literary merit. It also appeared on the ALAs annual list Top 10 Best Books for Young Adults, as sales of Looking for Alaska continued to increase in 2011, Green showed mixed feelings about a movie, which he felt would threaten readers intense and private connection to the story. In 2012, the book reached The New York Times Best Seller list for childrens paperbacks, Greens second novel, An Abundance of Katherines was a runner-up for the Printz Award and a finalist for the Los Angeles Times Book Prize. In November 2009, that book reached Number 10 on The New York Times Best Seller list for childrens books. In 2008, Greens third novel, Paper Towns, debuted at five on The New York Times Best Seller list for childrens books. In 2009, Paper Towns was awarded the 2009 Edgar Award for Best Young Adult Novel, after this, Green and his friend, young-adult writer David Levithan, collaborated on the novel Will Grayson, Will Grayson, which was published by Dutton in 2010. It was a runner-up for two of the annual ALA awards, the Stonewall Book Award, and the Odyssey Award for Excellence in Audiobook Production, in August 2009, Green announced he was writing a new book entitled The Sequel, which was later scrapped. His sixth book, The Fault in Our Stars, was released in January 2012 and he crafted the novel by collaborating with Dutton editor Julie Strauss-Gabel
John Green (author)
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Green at
VidCon 2014
John Green (author)
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Green at
the Loft Literary Center, Minneapolis, in 2008
John Green (author)
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John Green at VidCon 2012
John Green (author)
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John (left) with his brother, Hank
43.
Pearl District, Portland, Oregon
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It now mostly consists of high-rise condominiums and warehouse-to-loft conversions. The increase of high-rise condominiums and warehouse-to-loft conversions was made evident with the construction of the Cosmopolitan on the Park building, which opened in Summer 2016. The Cosmopolitan on the Park residential building is now the tallest building in the Pearl District and the 8th tallest building in Portland, contributing to the changing Portland skyline. The area is located just northwest of downtown between West Burnside Street on the south, the Willamette River on the north, NW Broadway on the east, the area is home to several Portland icons, including Powells City of Books. The United States Post Office main processing facility for all of Oregon and southwestern Washington was built in the Pearl District in 1964 and this location was chosen in order for the post office to be able to better serve towns outside the Portland metro area. Tanner Springs Park is a natural area featuring wetlands, a walking trail. The Fields Park is a Neighborhood and Dog Park in the Northern part of the Pearl, the Park provides space for visual or performing arts, for community-building activities and has a large paved walking loop. The area was used for warehousing, light industrial purposes. The viaduct was notable for the Lovejoy Columns, painted by a watchman who worked below. The increasing density has attracted a mix of restaurants, brewpubs, shops, the origins of how the Pearl District got its name is still up for debate. Attendees started calling the area “Pearl’s place” and “Pearl’s District”, local business people were looking to label the growing area and the name finally caught on when a writer for Alaska Airlines borrowed and popularized Augustines phrase. The warehouse district or the district were two other suggestions that are still used today. The movie Drugstore Cowboy, by Gus Van Sant, has scenes shot in the neighborhood. Pearl District, Portland Oregon Visitors Association Via Magazine,2011 article Official website of the Pearl District Neighborhood Association
Pearl District, Portland, Oregon
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Aerial view from 1988, prior to redevelopment; the Pearl District lies in the center of the image
Pearl District, Portland, Oregon
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Pearl District
Pearl District, Portland, Oregon
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The Pearl District and surrounding area as seen from the
US Bancorp Tower
Pearl District, Portland, Oregon
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Pearl District street sign topper
44.
511 Federal Building
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The 511 Federal Building is a former federal post office that currently houses the Pacific Northwest College of Art in Portland, Oregon, United States. PNCA moved into the building in February 2015, after a $32 million remodeling project, previous occupants of the building included the Department of Homeland Security offices for U. S. Citizenship and Immigration Services and U. S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement and it was designed by architect Lewis P. Hobart. It is located between Portlands Old Town Chinatown and the Pearl District and it was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979, as the U. S. The building is six stories tall and has a footprint of approximately 20,000 square feet and it has a basement and sub-basement, complete with walled off shanghai tunnels. Media related to 511 Federal Building at Wikimedia Commons
511 Federal Building
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U.S. Post Office (Portland, Oregon)
511 Federal Building
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2015 picture, shortly after completion of renovation work
511 Federal Building
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511 Building Cornerstone
511 Federal Building
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Cast bronze lamp over entrance
45.
Albers Brothers Milling Company
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The Albers Brothers Milling Company building is a historic mill and contemporary office building located on the banks of the Willamette River in Portland, Oregon, United States. This combined milling, warehousing, shipping, and office facility, the silos built into the south elevation of the building are painted with representations some of the mills products as advertisements. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984 and it was unoccupied at that time, as the milling company had already left. It was converted into a building in 1989
Albers Brothers Milling Company
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Albers Brothers Milling Company
46.
First Regiment Armory Annex
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The First Regiment Armory Annex, commonly known as the Portland Armory, is a historic building in Portland, Oregon, United States. It was built in 1891 by Multnomah County to house the Oregon National Guard, in 2000, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places. Following a renovation project that lasted from 2002 to 2006, the now houses Gerding Theater. In the late 19th century, anti-Chinese sentiment, particularly along the West Coast of the United States, had led to violence in Oregon and Washington. After violence turned to riot in some cases, the State of Oregon authorized construction of armories so that National Guard troops could drill, in an effort to prevent or control potential riots. The First Regiment Armory in Portland was completed in 1888, but was deemed too small. Amenities included a firing range. Constructed in 1891, the annex was built in the Romanesque Revival style that was popular from 1880–1890 and is identified by massive stone cladding, mcCaw and Martin featured many Northwest quarry materials in the design. The annex is also an example of Castellated architecture, the fortress-like structure has a recessed arched entrance flanked by turrets above. The turrets have crenelated parapets and loophole vertical gun slots, in 1928, the Portland fire marshal declared the building to be a fire hazard, nonetheless, the building continued to be used. From 1946 to 1948, the Armory was home to the Portland Indians of the Pacific Coast Professional Basketball League, in 1948, the building was used to take in refugees of the Vanport Flood which destroyed the town of Vanport in 1948. In 1968, the Blitz-Weinhard Brewing Company purchased the complex, demolishing the original Armory for a parking lot. The Armory Annex, now known as the Portland Armory, was the last piece of property in Portlands Pearl District Brewery Blocks to be redeveloped, the Portland Armory now contains the 600-seat Gerding Theater. The reinvention of the building as a center was contemplated as early as 2003. The Armory has become a significant case study for historic preservation and it received a Platinum Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design Certification, becoming the first building on the National Register and the first in Portland to achieve Platinum certification. As of 2007, it was one of only two Portland buildings to attain that status, some of the green features include a catch system for rainwater, displacement ventilation systems, skylights for additional natural lighting and bicycle parking spaces
First Regiment Armory Annex
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First Regiment Armory Annex
First Regiment Armory Annex
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The Armory circa 1914
First Regiment Armory Annex
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Portland Armory during renovation
Media related to Powell's Books at Wikimedia Commons
