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Pre-Socratic philosophy
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Pre-Socratic philosophy, also known as early Greek philosophy, is ancient Greek philosophy before Socrates. Pre-Socratic philosophers were mostly interested in cosmology, the beginning and the substan
Pythagoras
Pythagoras
Parmenides
Parmenides
Heraclitus
Heraclitus
St. Elmo's fire (luminous plasma created by a corona discharge from a rod-like object) in a ship. Xenophanes' contemporaries attributed this phenomeno
St. Elmo's fire (luminous plasma created by a corona discharge from a rod-like object) in a ship. Xenophanes' contemporaries attributed this phenomenon to the deity Dioscuri. Xenophanes argued that the observed illumination is due to small clouds influenced by special circumstances relating to stars—an example of naturalism and reductionism.
Pythagoras
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Pythagoras of Samos was an ancient Ionian Greek philosopher, polymath, and the eponymous founder of Pythagoreanism. His political and religious teachings were well known in Magna Graecia and influence
Pre-Socratic philosophy
…respectively, water, apeiron (the unlimited), and air. Another three pre-Socratic philosophers came from nearby Ionian towns: Xenophanes, Heraclitus, and Pythagoras. Xenophanes is known for his critique of the anthropomorphism of gods. Heraclitus, who was notoriously difficult to understand, is known for his maxim…
Bust of Pythagoras of Samos in the Capitoline Museums, Rome
Bust of Pythagoras of Samos in the Capitoline Museums, Rome
Pythagoreans Celebrate the Sunrise (1869) by Fyodor Bronnikov
Pythagoreans Celebrate the Sunrise (1869) by Fyodor Bronnikov
French manuscript from 1512/1514, showing Pythagoras turning his face away from fava beans in revulsion
French manuscript from 1512/1514, showing Pythagoras turning his face away from fava beans in revulsion
Hadrian's Pantheon in Rome, depicted in this eighteenth-century painting by Giovanni Paolo Panini, was built according to Pythagorean teachings.
Hadrian's Pantheon in Rome, depicted in this eighteenth-century painting by Giovanni Paolo Panini, was built according to Pythagorean teachings.