The Premier of Victoria is the head of government in the Australian state of Victoria. The Premier is appointed by the governor of Victoria, is the leader of the political party able to secure a majority in the Legislative Assembly. Responsible government came to the colony of Victoria in 1855. Between 1856 and 1892, the head of the government was called the premier or the prime minister, but neither title had any legal basis; the head of government always held another portfolio Chief Secretary or Treasurer, for which they were paid a salary. The first head of government to hold the title of premier without holding another portfolio was William Shiels in 1892; the incumbent Premier of Victoria since the 2014 election is Daniel Andrews of the Australian Labor Party. As of 2 March 2020, five former premiers are alive; the most recent Premier to die was John Cain Jr. on 23 December 2019. Department of Premier and Cabinet, Victoria Deputy Premier of Victoria List of premiers of Victoria by age List of Premiers of Victoria by time in office ABC News – Premiers of Victoria

Napoleon Crossing the Alps is any of five versions of an oil on canvas equestrian portrait of Napoleon Bonaparte painted by the French artist Jacques-Louis David between 1801 and 1805. Commissioned by the King of Spain, the composition shows a idealized view of the real crossing that Napoleon and his army made across the Alps through the Great St. Bernard Pass in May 1800. Having taken power in France during the 18 Brumaire on 9 November 1799, Napoleon was determined to return to Italy to reinforce the French troops in the country and retake the territory seized by the Austrians in the preceding years. In the spring of 1800 he led the Reserve Army across the Alps through the Great St. Bernard Pass; the Austrian forces, under Michael von Melas, were laying siege to Masséna in Genoa and Napoleon hoped to gain the element of surprise by taking the trans-Alpine route. By the time Napoleon's troops arrived, Genoa had fallen; the Reserve Army fought a battle at Montebello on 9 June before securing a decisive victory at the Battle of Marengo.

The installation of Napoleon as First Consul and the French victory in Italy allowed for a rapprochement with Charles IV of Spain. While talks were underway to re-establish diplomatic relations, a traditional exchange of gifts took place. Charles received Versailles-manufactured pistols, dresses from the best Parisian dressmakers, jewels for the queen, a fine set of armour for the newly reappointed Prime Minister, Manuel Godoy. In return Napoleon was offered sixteen Spanish horses from the royal stables, portraits of the king and queen by Goya, the portrait, to be commissioned from David; the French ambassador to Spain, Charles-Jean-Marie Alquier, requested the original painting from David on Charles' behalf. The portrait was to hang in the Royal Palace of Madrid as a token of the new relationship between the two countries. David, an ardent supporter of the Revolution but had transferred his fervour to the new Consulate, was eager to undertake the commission. On learning of the request, Bonaparte instructed David to produce three further versions: one for the Château de Saint-Cloud, one for the library of Les Invalides, a third for the palace of the Cisalpine Republic in Milan.

A fifth version remained in his various workshops until his death. The original painting remained in Madrid until 1812, when it was taken by Joseph Bonaparte after his abdication as King of Spain, he took it with him when he went into exile in the United States, it hung at his Point Breeze estate near Bordentown, New Jersey. The painting was handed down through his descendants until 1949, when his great grandniece, Eugenie Bonaparte, bequeathed it to the museum of the Château de Malmaison; the version produced for the Château de Saint-Cloud from 1801 was removed in 1814 by the Prussian soldiers under von Blücher who offered it to Frederick William III King of Prussia. It is now held in the Charlottenburg Palace in Berlin; the 1802 copy from Les Invalides was taken down and put into storage on the Bourbon Restoration of 1814. The 1803 version was confiscated in 1816 by the Austrians. However, the people of Milan refused to give it up and it remained in the city until 1825, it was installed at the Belvedere in Vienna in 1834.

It remains now part of the collection of the Österreichische Galerie Belvedere. The version kept by David until his death in 1825 was exhibited at the Bazar Bonne-Nouvelle in 1846. In 1850 it was offered to the future Napoleon III by David's daughter, Pauline Jeanin, installed at the Tuileries Palace. In 1979, it was given to the museum at the Palace of Versailles; the commission specified a portrait of Napoleon standing in the uniform of the First Consul in the spirit of the portraits that were produced by Antoine-Jean Gros, Robert Lefèvre and Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres, but David was keen to paint an equestrian scene. The Spanish ambassador, Ignacio Muzquiz, informed Napoleon and asked him how he would like to be represented. Napoleon requested to be shown reviewing the troops but decided on a scene showing him crossing the Alps. In reality the crossing had been made in fine weather and Bonaparte had been led across by a guide a few days after the troops, mounted on a mule. However, from the outset the painting was first and foremost propaganda, Bonaparte asked David to portray him "calm, mounted on a fiery steed", it is probable that he suggested the addition of the names of the other great generals who had led their forces across the Alps: Hannibal and Charlemagne.

Few drafts and preparatory studies were made, contrary to David's normal practice. Gros, David's pupil, produced a small oil sketch of a horse being reined in, a probable study for Napoleon's mount, the notebooks of David show some sketches of first thoughts on the position of the rider; the lack of early studies may in part be explained by Bonaparte's refusal to sit for the portrait. He had sat for Gros in 1796 on the insistence of Joséphine de Beauharnais, but Gros had complained that he had not had enough time for the sitting to be of benefit. David had managed to persuade him to sit for a portrait in 1798, but the three hours that the fidgety and imp

Dean Elton Johnson is a former Minnesota politician and a member of the Board of Regents of the University of Minnesota. He is a former member of the Minnesota House of Representatives, a former member, majority leader and minority leader of the Minnesota Senate. Johnson was first elected to the House in 1978, representing the old District 21A, served from 1979 to 1983, he was elected to the Senate in 1982 and represented District 13 in the west central part of the state. Prior to the 2002 legislative redistricting, the area was known as District 15. Through the years, he represented all or portions of Chippewa, Kandiyohi, McLeod, Pope, Renville and Yellow Medicine counties in the southwestern part of the state; as a Republican, Johnson served as Senate Minority Leader from 1993 to 1997. Notably, as Senate Minority Leader, Johnson cast a deciding vote in the passage of the 1993 Human Rights Act, which banned LGBT discrimination in housing and education. In 2000, he switched parties, he subsequently served as Majority Leader from 2004 until 2007.

He is the only Minnesota senator to have led both caucuses in that chamber, one of only three to serve as both minority and majority leader. In March 2006, controversy arose over remarks Johnson made in January of that year to a group of pastors. Johnson said he had a conversation with an unnamed Minnesota Supreme Court justice, who gave him informal assurances that the court would not overturn Minnesota's statute defining marriage as between one man and one woman. There was concern that the Minnesota Supreme Court might strike down the Minnesota statute the way the Massachusetts Supreme Court had struck down a similar statute in that state, thus legalizing gay marriage; when a tape recording of Johnson's remarks surfaced, the justices of the Minnesota Supreme Court denied that any such conversation had taken place. Republicans filed an ethics complaint against Johnson, he subsequently apologized for embellishing the story. This controversy contributed to the loss of his senate seat to Republican Joe Gimse in the general election that November.

Johnson resides in Willmar. He is widowed, has one child, two grandchildren, is a minister in the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, his wife of 21 years, Avonelle Johnson, died of cancer in 2005. Johnson remarried. Johnson holds a Bachelor of Arts degree from Luther College, a Master of Divinity from Luther Seminary, a Master of Strategic Studies from the U. S. Army War College, he is a chaplain holding a general's rank in the National Guard. In 2007, he was selected as a Regent of the University of Minnesota, he was re-elected in 2013. List of American politicians who switched parties in office Dean Johnson at Minnesota Legislators Past & Present Dean Johnson Biography – University of Minnesota Board of Regents

Steve Grivnow was an American soccer inside left and coach, a member of the 1948 United States Olympic soccer team. He earned two caps with the United States national team. In the early 1940s, Grivnow played for Castle Shannon. In October 7, 1942, he moved to Gallatin. In 1948, he scored the lone Curry Vets goal in their 4-1 loss to Ponta Delgada S. C. in the final of the 1948 National Amateur Cup. In 1949, he played for Castle Shannon. In 1952, he scored two goals in the Harmarville Hurricanes victory over the Philadelphia Nationals in the final of the 1952 National Challenge Cup, he was back with Castle Shannon by December 1953. and played for them until 1956. Although he made his name as a goal scorer, Grivow moved to the backline in the last two years of his career. During his playing career, Grivnow coached. In 1948, Grivnow was selected for the United States soccer team at the Summer Olympics, but did not play in the lone United States game of the tournament, a 9-0 loss to Italy. Following the tournament, Grivnow gained his caps with the United States national team when he came on for Gino Pariani in a 5-0 loss to Northern Ireland on August 11, 1948.

His second game with the national team was a 4-0 World Cup qualification loss to Mexico on January 10, 1954. Following his retirement from playing, Grivnow became a referee in the local amateur leagues. Steve Grivnow's profile at Ancestry.com Brief obituary FIFA: Steve Grivnow

In mathematics, a Young symmetrizer is an element of the group algebra of the symmetric group, constructed in such a way that, for the homomorphism from the group algebra to the endomorphisms of a vector space V ⊗ n obtained from the action of S n on V ⊗ n by permutation of indices, the image of the endomorphism determined by that element corresponds to an irreducible representation of the symmetric group over the complex numbers. A similar construction works over any field, the resulting representations are called Specht modules; the Young symmetrizer is named after British mathematician Alfred Young. Given a finite symmetric group Sn and specific Young tableau λ corresponding to a numbered partition of n, define two permutation subgroups P λ and Q λ of Sn as follows: P λ = and Q λ =. Corresponding to these two subgroups, define two vectors in the group algebra C S n as a λ = ∑ g ∈ P λ e g and b λ = ∑ g ∈ Q λ sgn ⁡ e g where e g is the unit vector corresponding to g, sgn ⁡ is the sign of the permutation.

The product c λ:= a λ b λ = ∑ g ∈ P λ, h ∈ Q λ sgn ⁡ e g h is the Young symmetrizer corresponding to the Young tableau λ. Each Young symmetrizer corresponds to an irreducible representation of the symmetric group, every irreducible representation can be obtained from a corresponding Young symmetrizer. Let V be any vector space over the complex numbers. Consider the tensor product vector space V ⊗ n = V ⊗ V ⊗ ⋯ ⊗ V. Let Sn act on this tensor product space by permuting the indices. One has a natural group algebra representation C S n → End ⁡ on V ⊗ n. Given a partition λ of n, so that n = λ 1 + λ 2 + ⋯ + λ j the image of a λ is Im ⁡:= a λ V ⊗ n ≅ Sym λ 1 ⁡ V ⊗ Sym λ 2 ⁡ V ⊗ ⋯ ⊗ Sym λ j ⁡ V. For instance, if n = 4, λ =, with the canonical Young tableau; the corresponding a λ is given by a λ = e id + e + e + e. {\displaystyle a_{\la

The Mohammed Bin Rashid Space Centre, encompassing the Emirates Institution for Advanced Science and Technology, is a Dubai government organisation working on the UAE space program, which includes various space satellite projects and the Emirates Mars Mission. The centre works to promote space science and research in the region. Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Vice President and Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates, Ruler of Dubai, established The Emirates Institution for Advanced Science and Technology on 6 February 2006. On 17 April 2015, the law for establishing the Mohammed bin Rashid Space Centre was issued by Al Maktoum, incorporating EIAST into it. MBRSC contributes towards the development of various sectors within the United Arab Emirates and across the globe, using data from UAE satellites and various applications related to space science; the centre is at the forefront of promoting space science and scientific research in the UAE and the region. MBRSC provides support to various organisations in the management of natural disasters, rescue missions, environmental monitoring and land planning using Earth imagery sent back from UAE satellites, including DubaiSat-1 and DubaiSat-2.

To establish a research and knowledge-based economy in the United Arab Emirates, Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum issued a law in 2015 to establish the Mohammed bin Rashid Space Centre. MBRSC was tasked to support the country's efforts in the field of space. Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum issued a decree to appoint Hamdan bin Mohammed Al Maktoum, Crown Prince of Dubai, as Chairman and general supervisor of the strategic plans and projects of MBRSC in June 2015. Along with the establishment of the Mohammed bin Rashid Space Centre, Sheikh Mohammed issued a law to join the Emirates Institution for Advanced Science and Technology with the centre and consider it one of its affiliated institutions; as part of the law, EIAST will implement and follow-up the policies and decisions set by the Mohammed bin Rashid Space Centre. The Board of Directors of the Mohammed bin Rashid Space Centre were appointed, including Hamad Obaid Al Sheikh Al Mansouri as Chairman of the Board, Yousef Ahmed Al Shaibani as Vice Chairman, with Mansour Abdullah Bastaki, Mohammed Saif Al Miqbali and Mansoor Juma Bu Osaiba appointed as members.

The centre has works to promote space technology and scientific research in the region through innovative space projects and programs. The Mohammed bin Rashid Space Centre works across four main areas in order to achieve the goals and objectives set forth for the development of the space industry in the region: research and development of outer space, satellite manufacturing and systems development, Earth observation through satellite imagery, ground station services to support other satellites; the first satellite, DubaiSat-1, was launched on 29 July 2009 from the Baikonur launch site in Kazakhstan and since the centre has been building on its expertise to manufacture satellites with advanced technology for better research and development. DubaiSat-1 is an earth observation satellite, was the first satellite launched by the Mohammed bin Rashid Space Centre; the DubaiSat-1 project was carried out in an agreement with Satrec Initiative, a satellite manufacturing company based in South Korea.

It was designed and developed by Satrec Initiative, with participation of Emirati engineers from MBRSC. DubaiSat-1 was launched on July 29, 2009 from the Baikonur launch site in Kazakhstan, aboard a Dnepr launch vehicle. With a diameter of around 1.2 metres and a height of 1.35 metres, the satellite has a Deck-And-Longeron type structure, allowing easy assembly and disassembly. DubaiSat-1 weighs less than 200 kg including a 50 kg Payload Mass, its average power consumption is less than 150 watts. DubaiSat-1 moves at a Low Earth orbit and generates high-resolution optical images at 2.5 m in panchromatic and at 5 m in multispectral bands. These images are used by various governmental and private organisations within the United Arab Emirates and across the globe; the satellite imagery from DubaiSat-1 is used for a wide range of applications including infrastructure development, urban planning, environment monitoring and protection. DubaiSat-1 images are useful for promoting geosciences and remote sensing research in the region, for supporting different scientific disciplines in private and academic sectors.

Images from DubaiSat-1 have been used to monitor the overall development of mega projects like the Palm Islands and Al Maktoum International Airport in Dubai. Satellite imagery from the satellite has been used to monitor relief efforts during 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami in Japan; the images of the tsunami and earthquake-affected cities were provided to UN-SPIDER, the United Nations Platform for Space-based Information for Disaster Management and Emergency Response, the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency. DubaiSat-1 completed its sixth year in orbit on August 21, 2015. DubaiSat-2, the second satellite launched by the Mohammed bin Rashid Space Centre, provides electro-optical images with advanced image resolution technology; the design and manufacturing of DubaiSat-2 was carried out by Emirati engineers along with their Korean counterparts. The DubaiSat-2 project started soon after the launch of DubaiSat-1, the satellite was manufactured and launched in a much shorter period of time than that of the first satellite.

The satellite was all set for the launch at the beginning of November 2013, after passing a series of tests and it was moved from South K