1.
Oh, Pretty Woman
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Oh, Pretty Woman is a song recorded by Roy Orbison, written by Orbison and Bill Dees. It was released as a single in August 1964 on Monument Records and it was also Orbisons third single to top the UK Singles Chart. The record ultimately sold seven million copies and marked the point in Orbisons career. Within months of its release, in October 1964, the single was certified gold by the RIAA, at the years end, Billboard ranked it the number four song of 1964. The lyrics tell the story of a man who sees a pretty woman walking by and he yearns for her and wonders if, as beautiful as she is, she might be lonely like he is. At the last minute, she turns back and joins him, the title was inspired by Orbisons wife, Claudette, interrupting a conversation to announce she was going out. When Orbison asked if she had enough cash, his co-writer Bill Dees interjected, Orbisons recording of the song, which used four guitars, was produced by Fred Foster. In 1999, the song was honored with a Grammy Hall of Fame Award and was named one of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fames 500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll. In 2004, Rolling Stone magazine ranked it #222 on their list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time, on May 14,2008, The Library of Congress selected the song for preservation in the National Recording Registry. There were four players on the session, Roy Orbison, Billy Sanford, Jerry Kennedy. Billy Sanford, who played session for Elvis and Don Williams and many others. Williams introduced him as a kid who had just arrived Nashville, with a guitar, who heard Orbison was minus a guitar player. Other musicians on the record included Floyd Cramer on piano, Bob Moore on a bass, Boots Randolph and Charlie McCoy on sax. In 1989, the rap group 2 Live Crew recorded a parody of the Orbison song, using the alternate title Pretty Woman for their album As Clean As They Wanna Be. Orbisons publisher, Acuff-Rose Music sued 2 Live Crew on the basis that the fair use doctrine did not permit reuse of their material for profit. The case, Campbell v. Acuff-Rose Music, Inc. went all the way to the United States Supreme Court, the Supreme Court decided in 2 Live Crews favor, greatly expanding the doctrine of fair use and extending its protections to parodies created for profit. It is considered a fair use decision. The song has been covered by a number of artists, In 1964, in 1965, a Finnish-language version by Eero ja Jussi & The Boys, on their album Numero 1
2.
Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street
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Sweeney Todd, The Demon Barber of Fleet Street is a 1979 musical thriller with music and lyrics by Stephen Sondheim and book by Hugh Wheeler. The musical is based on the 1973 play Sweeney Todd, the Demon Barber of Fleet Street by Christopher Bond, Lovett, who is in desperate need of fresh meat for her pies. Sweeney Todd opened on Broadway in 1979 and in the West End in 1980, in addition to several revivals the musical has been presented by opera companies. It won the Tony Award for Best Musical and Olivier Award for Best New Musical, the character of Sweeney Todd had its origins in serialized Victorian popular fiction, known as penny dreadfuls. A story called The String of Pearls was published in a magazine during the winter of 1846-47. Set in 1785, the featured as its principal villain a certain Sweeney Todd and included all the plot elements that were used by Sondheim. The psychopathic barber’s story proved instantly popular – it was turned into a play before the ending had even been revealed in print, an expanded edition appeared in 1850, an American version in 1852, a new play in 1865. By the 1870s, Sweeney Todd was a character to most Victorians. Sondheim’s musical was, in fact, based on Christopher Bond’s 1973 spooky melodrama, in Bonds reincarnation of the character, Todd was the victim of a ruthless judge who raped his young wife and exiled him to Australia. Sondheim first conceived of a version of the story in 1973. Bonds sophisticated plot and language significantly elevated the lurid nature of the tale, Sondheim once noted, “It had a weight to it. Because wrote certain characters in blank verse and he also infused into it plot elements from Jacobean tragedy and The Count of Monte Cristo. He was able to all these disparate elements that had been in existence rather dully for a hundred and some-odd years. I had a feeling it would be a new animal, the effect it had at Stratford East in London and the effect it had at the Uris Theater in New York are two entirely different effects, even though its the same play. It was essentially charming over there because they dont take Sweeney Todd seriously and our production was larger in scope. Hal Prince gave it a sense, a sense that this was a man of some size instead of just a nut case. The music helps to give it that dimension. ”Music proved to be a key element behind the impact of Sweeney Todd on audiences, over eighty percent of the production is set to music, either sung or orchestrated underneath dialogue. The score is one vast structure, each individual part meshing with others for the good of the musical machine
3.
Garry Marshall
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He provided the voice of Buck Cluck in Chicken Little. He was the brother of actress/director Penny Marshall and Ronny Marshall Hallin and his father was of Italian descent, his family having come from San Martino sulla Marrucina, Chieti, Abruzzo, and his mother was of German, English, and Scottish ancestry. His father changed his last name from Masciarelli to Marshall before Garry was born, Marshall was baptized Presbyterian and also raised Lutheran for a time. He attended De Witt Clinton High School and Northwestern University, where he wrote a column for The Daily Northwestern. Marshall began his career as a writer for such comedians as Joey Bishop and Phil Foster. In 1961, he moved to Hollywood, where he teamed up with Jerry Belson as a writer for television, the pair worked on The Dick Van Dyke Show, The Joey Bishop Show, The Danny Thomas Show, and The Lucy Show. Their first television series as creator-producers was Hey, Landlord, which lasted one season, then they adapted Neil Simons play The Odd Couple for television. On his own, Marshall created Happy Days, Laverne and Shirley, and Mork & Mindy, which were produced by his associates Thomas L. Miller, Robert L. Boyett and he was also a co-creator of Makin It, which the three men also produced. In the early 1980s, he met Héctor Elizondo while playing basketball, Elizondo appeared in every film that Marshall directed, beginning with his first feature film Young Doctors in Love. Elizondo once noted that he is written all of Marshalls contracts whether he wanted to do the film or not. In the opening credits of Exit to Eden, Elizondo is credited As Usual, in 1984, Marshall had a film hit as the writer and director of The Flamingo Kid. A consummate producer, Marshall wore many hats during this period of his career, Most of his hit television series were created and his first producing assignment came with Hey, Landlord in 1966. He stepped up the next year, producing The Lucy Show. Then came successes in producing The Odd Couple, Laverne and Shirley, Blanskys Beauties, Mork & Mindy, Angie, Marshall also launched independent productions through his theater and in association with productions launched with talent he was grooming and working with for years. It starred Julie Paris and Bert Kramer, schulte later co-wrote with TV veteran writer and producer, Fred Fox, Jr. who penned and produced a number of Marshalls television series, including Happy Days and Laverne and Shirley. Marshall went on to focus on directing films, with a series of hits, such as Beaches, Pretty Woman, The Princess Diaries, Valentines Day. He also appeared in two episodes of Happy Days as a drummer and he portrayed the role of director on Burbanks Lights. Float in the 2014 Rose Parade and his son Scott Marshall is also a director
4.
Gary W. Goldstein
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Gary W. Goldstein was born in Wantagh, New York and grew up in San Francisco, where he attended Lowell High School, a public magnet school. He went on to receive his degree from U. C. Berkeley, followed by a J. D. at Golden Gate University School of Law, as an A&R rep for Columbia Records while still an undergraduate at U. C. Berkeley, Gary was their youngest music exec at the time, in 1981, he moved to Los Angeles to pursue a career in Hollywood as a literary manager and film producer. In 1983, after his initial film venture lost $80,000 on its weekend, Goldstein met 23-year-old Jonathan, or J. F. Lawton. Goldstein hired Lawton to set-up his Apple MacIntosh computer, which had to be programmed from scratch, for three weeks, Lawton visited Goldsteins Hollywood office and programmed his computer, while Goldstein shared with Lawton the ins and outs of his work as a literary manager. The two slowly became friends and one day, Lawton revealed he was a writer, had dropped out of school and had already written a half-dozen screenplays. Goldstein requested to read some of Lawtons work, and by the third script, Goldstein asked Lawton to write a fresh story that he could use to introduce Lawtons writing talent to producers and studios. A few weeks later, Lawton turned in a first draft of a new script titled Three Thousand, which would later become Pretty Woman
5.
J. F. Lawton
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Jonathan Frederick J. F. Lawton is an American screenwriter, producer and director. Under the assumed name J. D. Athens, he wrote and directed Cannibal Women in the Avocado Jungle of Death, Lawton was born in Riverside, California. He is the son of author and novelist Harry Lawton and Georgeann Leona Lawton, the couple met in Berkeley while attending the University of California. They later moved to Riverside, where Harry was hired as a reporter for The Press-Enterprise, as a child, he suffered from severe dyslexia making school life very difficult. It took him years of practice and hard work to control his learning disabilities. Despite the challenge, he decided to become a writer like his father, Harry Lawton made sure to give him as much incentive as possible. To this day Lawton credits his father for always being supportive of him, when Lawton was still in elementary school, his fathers novel, Willie Boy, A Desert Manhunt, was made into a film starring Robert Redford. During the making of Tell Them Willie Boy Is Here, Harry Lawton would take J. F. to the set, from that moment on, fascinated, he determined that he would become a screenwriter. Always curious, Lawton would observe his surroundings and write them, although due to his dyslexia. In high school, he continued to write stories, plays. After graduating from John W. North High School in Riverside, there he wrote, directed and edited two short films, The Artist and Renaissance. The first was a futuristic thriller placed in which the main character kills his victims, takes their pictures, both shorts won awards on the college circuit. After college, the California native moved to Los Angeles, settling near Hollywood Boulevard and Western Avenue, living among prostitutes, pimps, drug dealers, junkies and the homeless, the setting gave Lawton a wide range of inspiration for his stories. He wrote a number of screenplays while working at several post-production companies, during that time he met producer Charles Band, for whom he would direct his first feature film. Cannibal Women in the Avocado Jungle of Death is a take-off of both Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness and Francis Ford Coppolas feature Apocalypse Now. Shot in less than two weeks in his hometown of Riverside, the film starred his friend, comedian Bill Maher, Playboy Playmate Shannon Tweed. It became a favorite and late-night cable staple. After Cannibal Women in the Avocado Jungle of Death, Lawton also wrote and directed Pizza Man, talk show host Bill Maher also stars in Pizza Man, along with comedian Annabelle Gurwitch
6.
Richard Gere
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Richard Tiffany Gere is an American actor and humanitarian activist. He began acting in the 1970s, playing a role in Looking for Mr. Goodbar. He came to prominence in 1980 for his role in the film American Gigolo, which established him as a leading man, Gere was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. His mother, Doris Ann, was a housewife and his father, Homer George Gere, was an insurance agent for the Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company, and had originally intended to become a minister. Gere is their eldest son and second child and his paternal great-grandfather had changed the spelling of the surname from Geer. Both of his parents were Mayflower descendants, Geres ancestors include Pilgrims Francis Eaton, John Billington, George Soule, Richard Warren, Degory Priest, Francis Cooke and William Brewster. In 1967, Gere graduated from North Syracuse Central High School and he attended the University of Massachusetts Amherst on a gymnastics scholarship, majoring in philosophy, but did not graduate, leaving after two years. Gere first worked professionally at the Seattle Repertory Theatre and Provincetown Playhouse on Cape Cod in 1971 and his first major acting role was in the original London stage version of Grease in 1973. He began appearing in Hollywood films in the mid-1970s, originally cast in a starring role in The Lords of Flatbush, he was replaced after fighting with another star of the film, Sylvester Stallone. He played a small but memorable part in Looking for Mr. Goodbar and starred in the director Terrence Malicks well-reviewed 1978 film, Days of Heaven. Gere was one of the first notable Hollywood actors to play a gay character, Gere won a Theatre World Award for his performance. Gere experienced several box office failures after 1982, but his career rebounded with the releases of Internal Affairs and he starred in several successful films throughout the 1990s, including Sommersby, Primal Fear and Runaway Bride. He also took a role in the 1997 action movie The Jackal. Geres 2004 ballroom dancing drama Shall We Dance. was also a performer that grossed $170 million worldwide. His next film, the 2005 adapted novel Bee Season, was a commercial failure, in 2008, Gere co-starred with Diane Lane in the romantic drama Nights in Rodanthe. The film was panned by critics, but grossed over $84 million worldwide. Later in his career, Gere was honored twice for his lifetime achievement, regarding his 2012 performance in Arbitrage, Lou Lumenick of the New York Post said Richard Gere gives the best performance of his career. He received an award from the 34th Cairo International Film Festival in December 2010, Gere had a relationship with actress Penelope Milford from 1971 to 1978
7.
Julia Roberts
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Julia Fiona Roberts is an American actress and producer. She became a Hollywood star after headlining the romantic comedy Pretty Woman and she received the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Limited Series or Movie nomination for her performance in the HBO television film The Normal Heart. Roberts was the actress in the world throughout most of the 1990s. Her fee for 1990s Pretty Woman was US$300,000, in 2003, as of 2007 Robertss net worth was estimated to be US$140 million. She has been named one of People magazines 50 Most Beautiful People in the World eleven times, Roberts was born on October 28,1967, in Smyrna, Georgia, to Betty Lou Bredemus and Walter Grady Roberts. She is of English, Scottish, Irish, Welsh, German and her father was a Baptist, her mother a Roman Catholic, and she was raised Catholic. Her older brother, Eric Roberts, from whom she was estranged until 2004, sister Lisa Roberts Gillan, Robertss parents, one-time actors and playwrights, met while performing theatrical productions for the armed forces. They later co-founded the Atlanta Actors and Writers Workshop in Atlanta and they ran a childrens acting school in Decatur, Georgia, while they were expecting Julia. The children of Martin Luther King, Jr. and Coretta Scott King attended the school, as a thank-you for his service, Mrs. King paid Mrs. Robertss hospital bill when Julia was born. Robertss mother filed for divorce in 1971, the divorce was finalized in early 1972, from 1972, Roberts lived in Smyrna, Georgia, where she attended Fitzhugh Lee Elementary School, Griffin Middle School, and Campbell High School. In 1972, her mother married Michael Motes, who was abusive and often unemployed, the couple had a daughter, Nancy Motes, who died at 37 on February 9,2014, of an apparent drug overdose. The marriage ended in 1983, with Betty Lou divorcing Motes on cruelty grounds, Robertss own father died of cancer when she was ten. Roberts wanted to be a veterinarian as a child and she also played the clarinet in her school band. After graduating from Smyrnas Campbell High School, she attended Georgia State University and she later headed to New York City to pursue a career in acting. Once there, she signed with the Click Modeling Agency and enrolled in acting classes, Roberts made her first big screen appearance in the film Satisfaction, alongside Liam Neeson and Justine Bateman, as a band member looking for a summer gig. She had previously performed a role opposite her brother, Eric, in Blood Red, filmed in 1987. Her first television appearance was as a rape victim in the initial season of the series Crime Story with Dennis Farina, in the episode titled The Survivor. Her first critical success with moviegoers was her performance in the independent film Mystic Pizza in 1988, that same year, she had a role in the fourth-season finale of Miami Vice
8.
James Newton Howard
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James Newton Howard is an American composer, conductor, music producer and musician. He has scored over 100 films and is the recipient of a Grammy Award, Emmy Award, and eight Academy Award nominations. He has collaborated with directors M. Night Shyamalan, having scored nine of his films since The Sixth Sense, James Newton Howard was born in Los Angeles. He came from a family, his grandmother was the Pittsburgh Symphonys concertmaster. Howard began studying music as a child, taking piano lessons at the age of four. He went on to attend the Thacher School in Ojai, California, after Howard left college, he joined a short-lived rock band, then worked for a couple of years as a session musician with artists including Diana Ross, Ringo Starr, and Harry Nilsson. In the early 70s, he described himself as being dirt poor and he joined Eltons band and toured with them as keyboardist during the late 70s and early 80s. He was part of the band that played Central Park, New York, in 1982, Howard was featured on Toto IV as the strings conductor and orchestrator for I Wont Hold You Back, Afraid of Love, and Lovers in the Night. A year later, he released the live album James Newton Howard and Friends, which featured Totos David Paich, Steve Porcaro, Jeff Porcaro, in 1983, Howard was co-producer, musician, and orchestrator of Riccardo Cocciantes album Sincerità. After briefly touring with Crosby, Stills and Nash, he took an opportunity brought to him by his manager to write a score for a small-time movie. This career move would lead to his becoming a film music composer. He conducted both his own and Paul Buckmasters arrangements during the half of the set, which focused on orchestrated performances of selected songs from the Elton John catalog. When delving into his history, twenty-five years after the death of his father. He later became a practicing Reconstructionist Jew, Howard scored the surprise blockbuster romantic comedy Pretty Woman and received his first Academy Award nomination for his score for Barbra Streisands drama The Prince of Tides. Night Shyamalans The Village, and Michael Clayton, in addition, Howard scored the Western epic Wyatt Earp, Kevin Costners Waterworld, and Primal Fear. His collaborations on songs for One Fine Day and Junior garnered Oscar nominations for Best Song and he has also scored three Disney animated feature films, Dinosaur, Atlantis, The Lost Empire and Treasure Planet. On October 14,2005 Howard replaced Howard Shore as composer for King Kong, the resultant score earned Howard his first Golden Globe nomination for Best Original Score. His work on Michael Clayton earned him an Oscar nomination and he followed in 2008 with his eighth Oscar nomination for Edward Zwicks Defiance
9.
Touchstone Pictures
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Touchstone Pictures is an American film distribution label of Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. Previously, Touchstone operated as an film production banner of Walt Disney Studios. Touchstone Pictures merely serves as a brand, not a business operation. In 2009, Disney entered into a 5-year, 30-picture distribution deal with DreamWorks Pictures by which DreamWorks productions would be released through the Touchstone banner, Touchstone then distributed DreamWorks films from 2011 to 2016. Due to increased public assumption that Disney films were aimed at children and families, in late 1979, Disney Productions released The Black Hole, a science-fiction movie that was the studios first production to receive a PG rating. Over the next few years, Disney experimented with more PG-rated fare, tron was considered a potential Star Wars-level success film by the film division. A loss of $33 million was registered by the division in 1983 with the majority resulting from Something Wicked This Way Comes. Never Cry Wolf, a 1983 PG release that featured male nudity did well as the studio downplayed the films association with the Disney brand. Touchstone Films was started by then-Disney CEO Ron W. Miller on February 15,1984 as a label for their PG films with an expected 3 to 4 movies released under the label. Touchstones first film was Splash, a hit for grossing $68 million at the domestic box office was released that year. Incoming Disney CEO Michael Eisner and film chief Jeffrey Katzenberg considered renaming the label to Hollywood Pictures, following in 1986, Down and Out in Beverly Hills was another early success for Touchstone and is noted as Disneys first R-rated film. Allowing the momentum to increase with films with Ruthless People, Outrageous Fortune, Tin Men. In April 1985, Touchstone Films were licensed to Showtime/The Movie Channel for five years starting in 1986, Touchstone Films was renamed Touchstone Pictures after the film Ruthless People in 1986. With the Touchstone movies, Disney moved to the top of box office receipts beating out all the major film studios by 1988. In April 1988, Touchstone became a unit of Walt Disney Pictures with newly appointed president Ricardo Mestres, on October 23,1990, The Walt Disney Company formed Touchwood Pacific Partners I to supplant the Silver Screen Partnership series as their movie studios primary funding source. Mestres was appointed president of Hollywood, in 2006, Disney limited Touchstones output to 2 or 3 films in favor of Walt Disney Pictures titles due to an increase in film industry costs. Two Touchstone co-productions flopped at the box office minimized by its co-producers financial contributions to the movies, Disney revived Touchstone in 2009 to serve as a distribution label for DreamWorks Studios films. DreamWorks was expected to allow Disney to release additional family fare that could be used at its parks and on its channels, Disney has been financing DreamWorks productions with an $90 million more available under its agreement if DreamWorks cannot get additional equity funding
10.
Regency Enterprises
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Regency Enterprises is an American entertainment company formed by Arnon Milchan. This company originally had no distribution deal producing films with various studios such as The Ladd Company, TriStar Pictures, Warner Bros. and this company produced films such as Once Upon a Time in America and Q&A. This company was shut down in 1991, Arnon Milchan rebranded Regency International Pictures and renamed it to Regency Enterprises. In addition to signing a deal with Warner Bros. A subsidiary company New Regency Productions was also created and it is located on the 20th Century Fox lot. New Regency primarily produces movies, and has at least 100 movies to its credit, New Regency produced 2013s 12 Years a Slave, 2014s Birdman, and 2015s The Revenant, which earned the company two Academy Awards for Best Picture in a row, and three nominations. In September 1997, Milchan signed a 15-year distribution pact with 20th Century Fox worldwide in all media outside of foreign TV rights, foxs parent company News Corporation funneled $200 million in New Regency, in exchange for a 20 percent stake in the company. In 2011, Fox and New Regency extended the pact, to expire in 2022, Regency Television is a joint venture between Regency Enterprises and Fox Television Studios founded in 1998. Regencys best-known television shows include The WB sci-fi drama Roswell, on July 17,2008, Regency Television shut down all production and closed its business after nearly ten years in operation. On January 17,2011, New Regency announced a return to the business after 20th Century Fox extended its distribution business with Regency until 2022. New Regency Productions Regency Television BabyFirst, cable channel in U. S. aimed at 0-3 year olds
11.
Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures
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Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures is an American film distributor owned by The Walt Disney Company. The division took on its current name in late 2007, which before that had been Buena Vista Pictures Distribution since 1987, before 1953, Walt Disneys productions were distributed by Columbia Pictures, United Artists and RKO Radio Pictures. The name Buena Vista came from the street in Burbank, California, Buena Vistas first release was the Academy Award–winning live-action feature The Living Desert on November 10,1953 along with Toot, Whistle, Plunk and Boom, Buena Vistas first animated release. Notable subsequent releases include the film, Yang Kwei Fei, released in US theaters in September 1956, The Missouri Traveler in March 1958. In April 1960, the company dropped Film from its name, in 1961, Disney incorporated Buena Vista International, distributing its first PG rated film, Take Down, in January 1979. The low-budget movie was not produced by the Disney studios and was acquired from an independent studio, in July 1987, Buena Vista changed its name to Buena Vista Pictures Distribution, Inc. Late in the 1980s, Disney purchased a stake in one of Pacific Theatres chain leading to Disneys Buena Vista Theaters and Pacific to renovate the El Capitan Theatre. The Crest was finished first while El Capitan opened with the premiere of The Rocketeer film on June 19,1991, the corporation purchased a 12. 8% share in Cinergi with its initial public offering in 1994. Soon, BVPD signed a 25 picture distribution deal with Cinergi, the Gaumont Film Company and Walt Disney formed Gaumont Buena Vista International, their joint venture French distribution company, in 1993. In August 1996, Disney and Tokuma Shoten Publishing agreed that Disney would distribute internationally Studio Ghibli animated films, in September 1996, following Disneys acquisition of Capital Cities/ABC, Buena Vista Pictures Distribution, Inc. was merged into ABC, Inc. the parent company of that group. In July 1998, Buena Vista Pictures Distribution purchased the Hollywood Masonic Temple building to continue using it as a promotional venue, by 1997, BVPDs share in Cinergi dropped to 5%.4 million and other loans. In 2002, Disney signed a four animated film deal with Vanguard Animation, however, since 2004, BVI and Gaumont dissolved their French distribution joint venture, Gaumont Buena Vista International. Buena Vista International agreed to a deal with MegaStar Joint Venture Company Limited in April 2006 for the Vietnam market. In April 2007, Disney discontinued using the Buena Vista brand in its distribution branding, the distribution deal ended in 2016, after DreamWorks and Disney decided to not renew their agreement in December 2015, with Universal replacing Disney as DreamWorks distributor. By the end of the deal, Disney had distributed 14 of DreamWorks original 30-picture agreement, Disney took complete ownership of the DreamWorks II film library in exchange for loans made to that company. In addition, Disney is the first of three studios that have released at least two billion-dollar films in the same year. Furthermore, Disney is the studio that has achieved this four times, in 2010,2013,2015, and 2016—that latter year of which included four $1 billion releases. Four of the top five highest-grossing animated films have been released by Disney, in addition, four of the top-five opening weekends were Disney releases
12.
Romantic comedy film
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Romantic comedy films are films with light-hearted, humorous plotlines, centered on romantic ideals such as that true love is able to surmount most obstacles. One dictionary definition is a movie, play, or television program about a love story that ends happily. Another definition states that its primary distinguishing feature is a plot in which two sympathetic and well-matched lovers are united or reconciled. Romantic comedy films are a genre of comedy films as well as of romance films. However a romantic comedy is classified as a film with two genres not a new genre. Some television series can also be classified as romantic comedies, a wedding-bells, fairy-tale-style happy ending is practically mandatory. The basic plot of a comedy is that two characters meet, part ways due to an argument or other obstacle, then ultimately reunite. Sometimes the two meet and become involved initially, then must confront challenges to their union. Sometimes they are hesitant to become involved because they believe that they do not like each other, because one of them already has a partner. However, the screenwriters leave clues that suggest that the characters are, in fact, attracted to each other, the protagonists often separate or seek time apart to sort out their feelings or deal with the external obstacles to their being together. While the two protagonists are separated, one or both of them realizes that they are ideal for each other, or that they are in love with each other. Then, after one of the two makes some effort to find the other person and declare their love, or through an astonishing coincidental encounter. Then, perhaps with some comic friction or awkwardness, they declare their love for each other, the couple does not, however, have to marry, or live together happily ever after. The ending of a comedy is meant to affirm the primary importance of the love relationship in its protagonists lives. There are many variations on this basic plotline, sometimes, instead of the two lead characters ending up in each others arms, another love match will be made between one of the principal characters and a secondary character. Alternatively, the film may be a rumination on the impossibility of love, the basic format of a romantic comedy film can be found in much earlier sources, such as Shakespeare plays like Much Ado About Nothing and A Midsummer Nights Dream. Some comedy films, such as Knocked Up, combine themes of romantic comedies and stoner comedies, often known as bromance, such films usually use sexual elements which bring the two characters together. Films in this genre include American Pie 2 and even Wedding Crashers, romantic comedies have begun to spread out of their conventional and traditional structure into other territory
13.
Ralph Bellamy
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Ralph Rexford Bellamy was an American actor whose career spanned 62 years on stage, screen and television. During his career, he played leading roles as well as supporting roles, garnering acclaim and awards, ralph Rexford Bellamy was born in Chicago, Illinois. He was the son of Lilla Louise, a native of Canada and he ran away from home when he was 15 and managed to get into a road show. He toured with road shows before landing in New York City. He began acting on stage there and by 1927 owned his own theater company, in 1931, he made his film debut and worked constantly throughout the decade both as a lead and as a capable supporting actor. He co-starred in five films with Fay Wray and his film career began with The Secret Six starring Wallace Beery and featuring Jean Harlow and Clark Gable. By the end of 1933, he had appeared in 22 movies, most notably Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm. He played in seven films in 1934 alone, including Woman in the Dark, based on a Dashiell Hammett story, in which Bellamy played the lead. He portrayed detective Ellery Queen in a few films during the 1940s, but as his career did not progress, he returned to the stage. Bellamy appeared in movies during this time, including Dance, Girl, Dance with Maureen OHara and Lucille Ball. The lead role was taken by Frank Lovejoy in 1956, who starred in NBCs Meet McGraw detective series. Bellamy appeared on television in numerous roles over the following years and he was a regular panelist on the CBS television game show To Tell the Truth during its initial run. Bellamy starred as Willard Mitchell, along with Patricia Breslin and Paul Fix, about this same time, he also appeared on the NBC anthology series, The Barbara Stanwyck Show. In December 1961, he portrayed the part of Judge Quince in the episode Judgement at Hondo Seco on CBSs Rawhide, during the 1963–1964 television season, Bellamy co-starred with Jack Ging in the NBC medical drama The Eleventh Hour, in the role of a psychiatrist in private practice. Wendell Corey had appeared in the first season of the series, Bellamy appeared on Broadway in one of his most famous roles, as Franklin Delano Roosevelt in Sunrise at Campobello. He later starred in the 1960 film version, in the summer of 1961, Bellamy hosted nine original episodes of a CBS Western anthology series called Frontier Justice, a Dick Powell Four Star Television production. In 1950 Bellamy became a member of The Lambs, a club located in New York. Highly regarded within the industry, Bellamy served as a four-term President of Actors Equity from 1952–1964, among many roles in numerous shows, sometimes as a series regular, Bellamy portrayed Adlai Stevenson in the 1974 TV-movie The Missiles of October, a treatment of the Cuban Missile Crisis
14.
Laura San Giacomo
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Laura San Giacomo is an American actress known for playing the role of Maya Gallo on the NBC sitcom Just Shoot Me. Kit De Luca in the film Pretty Woman, and Cynthia in Sex, Lies and she played the role of Holly Hunters childhood best friend on the TNT crime drama series Saving Grace. San Giacomo, an Italian American, was born in West Orange, New Jersey, the daughter of MaryJo and John San Giacomo and she grew up in Denville, New Jersey. San Giacomo discovered acting while attending Morris Knolls High School, in 1984, she received a Fine Arts degree, specializing in acting, from Carnegie Mellon School of Drama in Pittsburgh. After graduating, she moved to New York and she also starred in Italian American Reconciliation, regional productions of Shakespeares The Tempest, As You Like It and Romeo and Juliet, as well as Crimes of the Heart. San Giacomos first television appearances were four episodes on three television series during 1987, two notable appearances were in Crime Story in 1988 for the episode Protected Witness as Theresa Farantino, and in Miami Vice in 1989 for the episode, Leap of Faith as Tania Lewis. The Miami Vice episode also featured a guest appearance by her husband, actor Cameron Dye. However, San Giacomo first drew attention in Steven Soderberghs Sex, Lies, and Videotape. Her work in the film was nominated for a Golden Globe, the film was honored with the Cannes Film Festivals prestigious Grand Prize, the Palme dOr. In 1990, San Giacomo played a role as Julia Roberts characters wisecracking friend Kit De Luca in Pretty Woman. The blockbuster film ended up generating $178 million at the box office. San Giacomo has appeared in films as Miles from Home, Quigley Down Under, Vital Signs, Under Suspicion, Once Around, Where the Day Takes You, Nina Takes a Lover. She also appeared as Nadine Cross in the Stephen King TV miniseries The Stand opposite Rob Lowe and she continued doing films, and as 1999 ended, she did the film Eat Your Heart Out. In 2001, San Giacomo landed the role in the Jenifer Estess bio-pic Jenifer. San Giacomo did voice work for the animated series Gargoyles and her character was partially based on an unproduced idea that executive producer Steven Levitan once had in mind for actress Janeane Garofalo when he was a writer for The Larry Sanders Show. San Giacomo was originally cast in the role, since the series was meant to center on her character, however. Despite the shift in focus, San Giacomo remained a part of the show. She and the four main cast members appeared in all 148 episodes of the series
15.
Jason Alexander
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Jay Scott Greenspan, known by his stage name Jason Alexander, is an American actor, voice actor, comedian and director. Alexander is best known for his prominent role as George Costanza in the television series Seinfeld, Other well-known roles include Phillip Stuckey in the film Pretty Woman and the title character in the animated series Duckman. Alexander has had a career on stage, appearing in several Broadway musicals including Jerome Robbins Broadway in 1989. He appeared in the Los Angeles production of The Producers and he was the Artistic Director of Reprise. Broadways Best in Los Angeles, where he has directed several musicals, Alexander was born in Newark, New Jersey, the son of Jewish parents Ruth Minnie, a nurse and health care administrator, and Alexander B. He has a half-sister, Karen Van Horne, and a half-brother, Alexander grew up in Livingston, New Jersey and is a 1977 graduate of Livingston High School. He attended Boston University but left the summer before his senior year and he was later given an honorary degree in 1995. He is a magician, and only switched to acting as a career when he realized that he was unlikely to succeed as a magician. Alexander began his career on the New York stage and is an accomplished singer and dancer. Returning to the stage in 2003, Alexander was cast in a run, opposite Martin Short. Alexander also appeared with Kelsey Grammer in the 2004 musical adaptation of Charles Dickens A Christmas Carol, Alexander was recently named the Artistic Director of Reprise Theatre Company in Los Angeles, where he previously directed Sunday in the Park with George. He is scheduled to direct the revival of Damn Yankees at Reprise. In 2015, he replaced Larry David as the lead in Davids Broadway play Fish in the Dark, Alexander is best known as one of the key cast members of the award-winning television sitcom Seinfeld, in which he played George Costanza. He did, however, win a Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Comedy Series for his work, before Seinfeld, he starred in a short-lived CBS sitcom called Everythings Relative in 1987 which lasted six episodes. Concurrently with his Seinfeld role, Alexander provided the voice of the character in the cult animated series Duckman. Alexander also voiced Catbert, the director of human resources. Alexander made cameo appearances in the season of Curb Your Enthusiasm. Alexander also appeared in the season of Curb Your Enthusiasm
16.
Hollywood
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Hollywood is an ethnically diverse, densely populated neighborhood in the central region of Los Angeles, California. It is notable as the home of the U. S. film industry, including several of its studios, and its name has come to be a shorthand reference for the industry. Hollywood was a community in 1870 and was incorporated as a municipality in 1903. It was consolidated with the city of Los Angeles in 1910, in 1853, one adobe hut stood in Nopalera, named for the Mexican Nopal cactus indigenous to the area. By 1870, an agricultural community flourished, the area was known as the Cahuenga Valley, after the pass in the Santa Monica Mountains immediately to the north. According to the diary of H. J. Whitley, known as the Father of Hollywood, along came a Chinese man in a wagon carrying wood. The man got out of the wagon and bowed, the Chinese man was asked what he was doing and replied, I holly-wood, meaning hauling wood. H. J. Whitley had an epiphany and decided to name his new town Hollywood, Holly would represent England and wood would represent his Scottish heritage. Whitley had already started over 100 towns across the western United States, Whitley arranged to buy the 500-acre E. C. Hurd ranch and disclosed to him his plans for the land. They agreed on a price and Hurd agreed to sell at a later date, before Whitley got off the ground with Hollywood, plans for the new town had spread to General Harrison Gray Otis, Hurds wife, eastern adjacent ranch co-owner Daeida Wilcox, and others. Daeida Wilcox may have learned of the name Hollywood from Ivar Weid, her neighbor in Holly Canyon and she recommended the same name to her husband, Harvey. In August 1887, Wilcox filed with the Los Angeles County Recorders office a deed and parcel map of property he had sold named Hollywood, Wilcox wanted to be the first to record it on a deed. The early real-estate boom busted that year, yet Hollywood began its slow growth. By 1900, the region had a post office, newspaper, hotel, Los Angeles, with a population of 102,479 lay 10 miles east through the vineyards, barley fields, and citrus groves. A single-track streetcar line ran down the middle of Prospect Avenue from it, but service was infrequent, the old citrus fruit-packing house was converted into a livery stable, improving transportation for the inhabitants of Hollywood. The Hollywood Hotel was opened in 1902 by H. J. Whitley who was a president of the Los Pacific Boulevard, having finally acquired the Hurd ranch and subdivided it, Whitley built the hotel to attract land buyers. Flanking the west side of Highland Avenue, the structure fronted on Prospect Avenue, the hotel was to become internationally known and was the center of the civic and social life and home of the stars for many years. Whitleys company developed and sold one of the residential areas
17.
Los Angeles
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Los Angeles, officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L. A. is the cultural, financial, and commercial center of Southern California. With a census-estimated 2015 population of 3,971,883, it is the second-most populous city in the United States, Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated county in the United States. The citys inhabitants are referred to as Angelenos, historically home to the Chumash and Tongva, Los Angeles was claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542 along with the rest of what would become Alta California. The city was founded on September 4,1781, by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve. It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence, in 1848, at the end of the Mexican–American War, Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, thereby becoming part of the United States. Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4,1850, the discovery of oil in the 1890s brought rapid growth to the city. The completion of the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913, delivering water from Eastern California, nicknamed the City of Angels, Los Angeles is known for its Mediterranean climate, ethnic diversity, and sprawling metropolis. Los Angeles also has an economy in culture, media, fashion, science, sports, technology, education, medicine. A global city, it has been ranked 6th in the Global Cities Index, the city is home to renowned institutions covering a broad range of professional and cultural fields, and is one of the most substantial economic engines within the United States. The Los Angeles combined statistical area has a gross metropolitan product of $831 billion, making it the third-largest in the world, after the Greater Tokyo and New York metropolitan areas. The city has hosted the Summer Olympic Games in 1932 and 1984 and is bidding to host the 2024 Summer Olympics and thus become the second city after London to have hosted the Games three times. The Los Angeles area also hosted the 1994 FIFA mens World Cup final match as well as the 1999 FIFA womens World Cup final match, the mens event was watched on television by over 700 million people worldwide. The Los Angeles coastal area was first settled by the Tongva, a Gabrielino settlement in the area was called iyáangẚ, meaning poison oak place. Gaspar de Portolà and Franciscan missionary Juan Crespí, reached the present site of Los Angeles on August 2,1769, in 1771, Franciscan friar Junípero Serra directed the building of the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel, the first mission in the area. The Queen of the Angels is an honorific of the Virgin Mary, two-thirds of the settlers were mestizo or mulatto with a mixture of African, indigenous and European ancestry. The settlement remained a small town for decades, but by 1820. Today, the pueblo is commemorated in the district of Los Angeles Pueblo Plaza and Olvera Street. New Spain achieved its independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821, during Mexican rule, Governor Pío Pico made Los Angeles Alta Californias regional capital
18.
Box office
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A box office or ticket office is a place where tickets are sold to the public for admission to an event. Patrons may perform the transaction at a countertop, through a hole in a wall or window, or at a wicket. By extension, the term is used, especially in the context of the film industry, as a synonym for the amount of business a particular production, such as a film or theatre show. Box office business can be measured in terms of the number of tickets sold or the amount of money raised by ticket sales, the projection and analysis of these earnings is very important for the creative industries and often a source of interest for fans. This is predominant in the Hollywood movie industry, the term is attested since 1786, presumably from sales of boxes. The sense of total sales is attested from 1904, however, first attestation is about 200 years later, making this highly unlikely. Some complain that film industry focus on profit has diminished the attention given to film as an art form, however, analysis of the financial success of films is very influential for the production and funding of future works. In December 2009, with its acquisition of Nielsen EDI for $15 million, measurement company Rentrak became the provider of worldwide box office ticket sales revenue. There are numerous websites that monitor box-office receipts, such as Boxoffice, Box Office India, Box Office Mojo, Koimoi, ShowBIZ Data, for a list of films which are major box-office hits, see List of highest-grossing films. Films that are considered to have been unsuccessful at the box office are called box office bombs or box office flops. For a list of films, see List of box office bombs. To determine if a movie made a profit, it is not correct to directly compare the box office gross with the production budget, the split varies from movie to movie, and the percentage for the distributor is generally higher in early weeks. Usually the distributor gets a percentage of the revenue after first deducting a house allowance or house nut and it is also common that the distributor gets either a percentage of the gross revenue, or a higher percentage of the revenue after deducting the nut, whichever is larger. The following is film industry specific terminology as defined by Box Office Mojo, for films released in North America, box office figures are usually divided between domestic, meaning the United States and Canada, and foreign which includes all other countries. Weekly box office figures are taken to be from Friday through Thursday to allow for the fact that most films are released on a Friday, a large component of this is the weekend box office, defined as the box office receipts from Friday through Sunday. In particular, the box office for the initial week of release. Theaters is the number of theaters in which the movie is showing, since a single theater may show a movie on multiple screens, the total number of screens is used as another measure. The theaters measure is used to determine whether a film is in wide release, meaning at least 600 theaters, occasionally, a film may achieve wide release after an initial limited release, Little Miss Sunshine is an example of this
19.
Box Office Mojo
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Box Office Mojo is a website that tracks box office revenue in a systematic, algorithmic way, founded in 1999. In 2008, Box Office Mojo was bought by the Internet Movie Database, the website is widely used within the film industry as a source of data. From 2002–11, Box Office Mojo had forums popular with film fans, on October 10,2014, the websites URL was redirected to Amazons IMDB. com website for one day, but the website returned the following day without explanation. Brandon Gray began the site in 1999, in 2002, Gray partnered with Sean Saulsbury and grew the site to nearly two million readers. In July 2008, the company was purchased by Amazon. com through its subsidiary, Box Office Mojo had forums with more than 16,500 registered users. On November 2,2011 the forums were closed along with any user accounts. Tracking is still very closely to the day by day, actual tabulation of distributors. The site also creates an overall chart, combining all box office returns from around the world, excluding the United States. The overall weekend chart currently tracks the Top 40 films as well as approximately fifty additional films with no ranking, the site additionally has yearly and all time features for its various territories. Box Office Mojo was as of June 2009 reporting limited data from overseas and is work on improvements, most of the international charts have not been updated since November 2014. On October 10,2014, all traffic to Box Office Mojo was redirected to IMDbs box office page, queries about the closure to IMDb and Amazon representatives were met with no response. Neither Brandon Gray, who founded the website but left several years ago after its sale to Amazon, nor Ray Subers, on Ray Subers Twitter account, he revealed the websites return, but also stated he would not answer any questions pertaining to closure. Subers subsequently left the website seven months later
20.
My Big Fat Greek Wedding
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The film received generally positive reviews from critics and, at the 75th Academy Awards, it was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay. A sleeper hit, the became the highest-grossing romantic comedy of all time. It was the film to accomplish this feat until the animated film Sing grossed $268 million in 2016. The film inspired the short-lived 2003 TV series My Big Fat Greek Life and a sequel titled My Big Fat Greek Wedding 2. 30-year-old Fotoula Toula Portokalos feels that she is the woman in her family who has failed at being a typical Greek girl. Her family expects her to be more like her 33-year-old sister Athena and marry a Greek boy, make Greek babies, instead, Toula is stuck working in the family restaurant in Chicago, Dancing Zorbas. Frumpy and cynical, she fears that she is doomed to be stuck with her life, one day while at the restaurant, Toula briefly becomes enamored with and embarrasses herself in front of Ian Miller, a handsome school teacher. Gus refers to anybody who is non-Greek as Xenos, after some persuasion by his wife, Maria, Gus reluctantly permits Toula to begin taking computer classes at a community college. Toula trades her glasses for contact lenses, curls her hair, and begins to wear make-up, improving her confidence, mood, and self-esteem. Armed with her skills, Toula convinces her mother and her Aunt Voula to get Gus to allow her to work at Voulas travel agency instead of the restaurant, Toula does better in her new job, catching the eye of Ian, who is smitten with her. Despite Toula being shy whenever she sees Ian, they themselves, date. Toula tries to keep the secret from her family, until Gus finds out due to the closeness of the Greek-American community. Ian proposes to her, and Toula accepts, Gus is hurt and infuriated, feeling that his daughter has betrayed him. Ian, wanting to be with Toula, agrees to be baptized in the Greek Orthodox Church, an act which earns Guss grudging respect, obstacles start to occur during the planning of the wedding, as Toulas numerous relatives helpfully interfere by imposing their ideas into her planning. The situation reaches its head when Gus and Maria invite the family to what was meant to be a quiet introductory dinner with Ians demure and private parents. The wedding day dawns, and though Toula is nervous, the traditional Greek wedding goes without a hitch, at the reception, Gus gives a speech accepting Ian and the Millers as his new family. As his wedding gift, he presents the newlyweds with a deed to a new home, following the reception, Toula and Ian drive away to begin their married life. An epilogue shows the couples life six years later and they have a daughter, who complains that she would prefer not to go to Greek school
21.
Golden Globe Award
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Golden Globe Awards are accolades bestowed by the 93 members of the Hollywood Foreign Press Association, recognizing excellence in film and television, both domestic and foreign. The annual ceremony at which the awards are presented is a part of the film industrys awards season. The 74th Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best in film, the 1st Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best achievements in 1943 filmmaking, was held in January 1944, at the 20th Century-Fox studios. Subsequent ceremonies were held at venues throughout the next decade, including the Beverly Hills Hotel. In 1950, the Hollywood Foreign Press Association made the decision to establish an honorary award to recognize outstanding contributions to the entertainment industry. Recognizing its subject as a figure within the entertainment industry. The official name of the award became the Cecil B. In 1963, the Miss Golden Globe concept was introduced, in its inaugural year, two Miss Golden Globes were named, one for film and one for television. The two Miss Golden Globes named that year were Eva Six and Donna Douglas, respectively, in 2009, the Golden Globe statuette was redesigned. It was unveiled at a conference at the Beverly Hilton prior to the show. The broadcast of the Golden Globe Awards, telecast to 167 countries worldwide, generally ranks as the third most-watched awards show each year, behind only the Oscars, gervais returned to host the 68th and 69th Golden Globe Awards the next two years. Tina Fey and Amy Poehler hosted the 70th, 71st and 72nd Golden Globe Awards in 2015, the Golden Globe Awards theme song, which debuted in 2012, was written by Japanese musician and songwriter Yoshiki Hayashi. On January 7,2008, it was announced due to the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike. The ceremony was faced with a threat by striking writers to picket the event, the Hollywood Foreign Press Association was forced to adopt another approach for the broadcast. In acting categories, Meryl Streep holds the record for the most competitive Golden Globe wins with eight, however, including honorary awards, such as the Henrietta Award, World Film Favorite Actor/Actress Award, or Cecil B. DeMille Award, Barbra Streisand leads with nine, additionally, Streisand won for composing the song Evergreen, producing the Best Picture, and directing Yentl in 1984. Jack Nicholson, Angela Lansbury, Alan Alda and Shirley MacLaine have six awards each, behind them are Rosalind Russell and Jessica Lange with five wins. Meryl Streep also holds the record for most nominations with thirty, at the 46th Golden Globe Awards an anomaly occurred, a three way-tie for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama
22.
Academy Award for Best Actress
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The Academy Award for Best Actress is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It is given in honor of an actress who has delivered a performance in a leading role while working within the film industry. The 1st Academy Awards ceremony was held in 1929 with Janet Gaynor receiving the award for her roles in 7th Heaven, Street Angel, and Sunrise. Currently, nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the branch of AMPAS. In the first three years of the awards, actresses were nominated as the best in their categories, at that time, all of their work during the qualifying period was listed after the award. The following year, this unwieldy and confusing system was replaced by the current system in which an actress is nominated for a performance in a single film. Starting with the 9th ceremony held in 1937, the category was officially limited to five nominations per year, one actress has been nominated posthumously, Jeanne Eagels. Only three film characters have been nominated more than once in this category, elizabeth I of England, Leslie Crosbie in The Letter, and Esther Blodgett in A Star is Born. Six women on the list have received an Honorary Academy Award for their acting, they are Greta Garbo, Barbara Stanwyck, Mary Pickford, Deborah Kerr, Gena Rowlands, since its inception, the award has been given to 74 actresses. Katharine Hepburn has won the most awards in this category, with four Oscars, meryl Streep, who has a total of 20 Oscar nominations, has been nominated in this category on 16 occasions, resulting in two awards. As of the 2017 ceremony, Emma Stone is the most recent winner in category for her role as Mia Dolan in La La Land. In the following table, the years are listed as per Academy convention, and generally correspond to the year of release in Los Angeles County. For the first five ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned twelve months from August 1 to July 31, for the 6th ceremony held in 1934, the eligibility period lasted from August 1,1932 to December 31,1933
23.
British Academy of Film and Television Arts
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The British Academy of Film and Television Arts is an independent charity that supports, develops and promotes the art forms of the moving image – film, television and game in the United Kingdom. David Lean was the founding Chairman of the Academy, the first Film Awards ceremony took place in May 1949 and honouring the films The Best Years of Our Lives, Odd Man Out and The World Is Rich. In 2005, it placed a cap on worldwide voting membership which now stands at approximately 6,500. BAFTA has offices in Scotland and Wales in the UK, in Los Angeles and New York in the United States and runs events in Hong Kong, amanda Berry OBE has been chief executive of the organisation since December 2000. Many of these events are free to online at BAFTA Guru. BAFTA runs a number of programmes across the UK, US. Launched in 2012, the UK programme enables talented British citizens who are in need of support to take an industry-recognised course in film. Each BAFTA Scholar receives up to £12,000 towards their annual course fees, since 2013, three students every year have received one of the Prince William Scholarships in Film, Television and Games, supported by BAFTA and Warner Bros. These scholarships are awarded in the name of in his role as President of BAFTA, since 2015, BAFTA has been offering scholarships for British citizens to study in China, vice versa. BAFTA presents awards for film, television and games, including entertainment, at a number of annual ceremonies across the UK and in Los Angeles. The BAFTA award trophy is a mask, designed by American sculptor Mitzi Cunliffe. Todays BAFTA award – including the mask and marble base – weighs 3.7 kg and measures 27 cm x 14 cm x 8 cm. BAFTAs annual film awards ceremony is known as the British Academy Film Awards, or the BAFTAs, in 1949 the British Film Academy, as it was then known, presented the first awards for films made in 1947 and 1948. Since 2008 the ceremony has held at the Royal Opera House in Londons Covent Garden. It had been held in the Odeon cinema on Leicester Square since 2000, the ceremony had been performed during April or May of each year, but since 2002 it has been held in February to precede the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences Academy Awards, or Oscars. They have been awarded annually since 1954, the first ever ceremony consisted of six categories. Until 1958, they were awarded by the Guild of Television Producers and Directors, from 1968 until 1997, BAFTAs Film and Television Awards were presented together, but from 1998 onwards they were presented at two separate ceremonies. The Television Craft Awards celebrate the talent behind the programmes, such as working in visual effects, production
24.
Hollywood Hills
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The Hollywood Hills are a part of the Santa Monica Mountains and also a hillside neighborhood of the same name in the central region of the city of Los Angeles, California. The Hollywood Hills are the part of the Santa Monica Mountains and it includes Forest Lawn Memorial Park, the Hollywood Reservoir, the Hollywood Sign, the Hollywood Bowl and the John Anson Ford Theater. Hollywood Hills is bisected southeast-northwest by US101, relation of the Hollywood Hills to nearby areas, The neighborhood of Hollywood Hills includes the Hollywood Bowl and Forest Lawn Memorial Park as well as two private and three public schools. The population was estimated at 22,988 in 2008, the median age for residents was 37, considered old for the city and the county. The percentages of residents aged 19 through 64 were among the countys highest, the neighborhood is not particularly diverse for the city, the diversity index being 0.433, and the percentage of white people is considered high, at 74. 1%. Latinos make up 9. 4%, Asians are at 6. 7%, African American at 4. 6%, the median household income in 2008 dollars was $69,277, considered high for the city but about average for the county. The percentage of households earning $125,000 or more was high, the average household size of 1.8 people was relatively low. Renters occupied 56. 5% of the units, and homeowners the rest. In 2000, there were 270 families headed by single parents, or 6. 9%, in 2000,54. 8% of residents aged 25 and older held a four-year degree, considered high when compared with the city and the county as a whole. Davies, Los Angeles City Council member, 1943–51, active against gravel extraction in the hills Los Angeles Times Los Angeles Times Hollywood Hills crime map and statistics
25.
Lotus Esprit
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The Lotus Esprit is a sports car that was built by Lotus in the United Kingdom between 1976 and 2004. The silver Italdesign concept that became the Esprit was unveiled at the Turin Motor Show in 1972 as a concept car. It was among the first of designer Giorgetto Giugiaros polygonal folded paper designs, originally, the name Kiwi was proposed, but in keeping with the Lotus tradition of having all car model names start with the letter E, the name became Esprit. The Esprit was launched in October 1975 at the Paris Auto Show and these first cars eventually became known as S1 Esprits. With a steel chassis and a fiberglass body, the Esprit was powered by the Lotus 907 4-cylinder engine. This engine displaced 2.0 L, produced 160 bhp in European trim 140 bhp in US/Federal trim, and was mounted longitudinally behind the passengers, as in its predecessor. The transaxle gearbox was a 5 speed manual unit, previously used in the Citroën SM and Maserati Merak, it featured inboard rear brakes, the Series 1 embodied Lotus performance through light weight mantra, weighing less than 1,000 kg. The original Esprit was lauded for its handling and is said to have the best steering of any Esprit, however, it was generally regarded as lacking power, especially in markets such as the United States where the engine was downrated for emissions purposes. Lotus claim of 0-60 mph in 6.8 seconds and a top speed of 138 mph may be thought of as optimistic - actual road test times indicated 0-60 mph in 8 seconds and a top speed of around 133 mph. The S1 Esprit can be distinguished from later Esprits by a shovel style front air dam, Fiat X1/9 tail lights, lack of body side ducting, inside the car, the most obvious indication of an S1 Esprit is a one piece instrument cluster with green faced Veglia gauges. The car gained fame through its appearance in the James Bond film The Spy Who Loved Me where a modified version was featured in a long action sequence. Bonds Esprit car is first chased on road, by a motorcycle, then by another car, the films Perry Oceanographic built submarine Wet Nellie was bought by businessman Elon Musk at auction for £650,000 in September 2013 by RM Auctions at Battersea Park, London. Musk plans to install a Tesla electric powertrain in the submarine S1, a series of improvements made to the Esprit during its initial run culminated in the S2 Esprit, which was introduced in 1978. The most obvious of these changes are intake and cooling duct ears located behind the rear window, tail lights from the Rover SD1. S2 Esprits also used 14-inch Speedline alloy wheels designed specifically for Lotus, during this era, a special edition car was released to commemorate Lotuss racing victories and their victory in the 1978 F1 World Championship. Sharing the black and gold colour scheme of Lotus then F1 sponsor, John Player & Sons, the JPS Esprit has the same mechanicals as the regular two-litre S2. According to Lotus themselves a series of 300 was built. Lotus records of production figures are vague, but best estimates suggest that 149 JPS Esprits were produced
26.
Hollywood Boulevard
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West of Laurel Canyon, it continues as a residential street and ending at Sunset Plaza Drive. The eastern end of Hollywood Boulevard passes through Little Armenia and Thai Town, parts of the boulevard are popular tourist destinations. Prior to Hollywood Boulevard, the street was named Prospect Avenue until 1910, after annexation, the street numbers changed from 100 Prospect Avenue, at Vermont Avenue, to 6400 Hollywood Boulevard. In the early 1920s, real estate developer Charles E. Toberman envisioned a thriving Hollywood theatre district, Toberman was involved in 36 projects while building the Max Factor Building, Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel and the Hollywood Masonic Temple. With Sid Grauman, he opened the three themed theatres, Egyptian, El Capitan, and Chinese, and was inspired to write Here Comes Santa Claus with Oakley Haldeman. In 1958, the Hollywood Walk of Fame, which runs from Gower Street to La Brea Avenue, was created as a tribute to artists working in the entertainment industry, the El Capitan Theatre was refurbished in 1991 then damaged in the 1994 Northridge earthquake. The full El Capitan building was restored and upgraded in December 1997. The Hollywood Entertainment District, a business improvement district, was formed for the properties from La Brea to McCadden on the boulevard. The Hollywood extension of the Metro Red Line subway was opened in June 1999, stops on Hollywood Boulevard are located at Western Avenue, Vine Street, and Highland Avenue. Metro Local lines 180,181, and 217, and Metro Rapid line 780 also serve Hollywood Boulevard, an anti-cruising ordinance prohibits driving on parts of the boulevard more than twice in four hours. Beginning in 1995, then Los Angeles City Council member Jackie Goldberg initiated efforts to clean up Hollywood Boulevard, central to these efforts was the construction of the Hollywood and Highland Center and adjacent Dolby Theatre in 2001. In early 2006, the city made revamping plans on Hollywood Boulevard for future tourists, the three-part plan was to exchange the original streetlights with red stars into two-headed old-fashioned streetlights, put in new palm trees, and put in new stoplights. The renovations were completed in late 2006, in the few years leading up to 2007, more than $2 billion was spent on projects in the neighborhood, including mixed-use retail and apartment complexes and new schools and museums. A popular event that takes place on the Boulevard is the transformation of the street to a Christmas theme. Shops and department stores attract customers by lighting their stores and the street with decorated Christmas trees. The street essentially becomes Santa Claus Lane, list of Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monuments in Hollywood Hollywood Chamber of Commerce
27.
Red-light district
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A red-light district is a part of an urban area where a concentration of prostitution and sex-oriented businesses, such as sex shops, strip clubs, adult theaters, etc. are found. The term originates from the red lights that were used as signs of brothels, areas in many big cities around the world have acquired an international reputation as red-light districts. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the earliest known appearance of the red light district in print is in an 1894 article from the Sandusky Register. This has not been proven, but the Dodge City use was responsible for the term becoming pervasive. A widespread folk etymology claims that early railroad workers took red lanterns with them when they visited brothels so their crew could find them in the event of an emergency, however, folklorist Barbara Mikkelson regards this as unfounded. One of the terms used for a red-light district in Japanese is akasen. Japanese police drew a red line on maps to indicate the boundaries of legal red-light districts, in Japanese, the term aosen, literally meaning blue-line, also exists, indicating an illegal district. In the United States during the 19th and early 20th centuries, municipal governments typically defined such districts explicitly to contain and regulate prostitution. Some red-light districts are places which are designated by authorities for legal. Often, these districts were formed by authorities to help regulate prostitution and other related activities. With the confining of such industries to an area, such districts became a destination for originally sailors. Other red-light districts, such as those in Thailand, are areas which are monitored by the authorities. This can help counter illegal forms of prostitution, in areas that do allow regular prostitution to occur. List of red-light districts Media related to Red-light districts at Wikimedia Commons
28.
Beverly Wilshire Hotel
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The Beverly Wilshire Hotel is a historic luxury hotel in Beverly Hills, California. Located at the intersection of Wilshire Boulevard and Rodeo Drive, it was completed in 1928 and it has been used as a shooting location for films and television series. Guests have included US presidents and celebrities, the hotel is located at 9500 Wilshire Boulevard on the east side of South Rodeo Drive in Beverly Hills, California. The hotel was constructed by real estate developer Walter G. McCarty on the site of the former Beverly Hills Speedway and it was completed in 1928, and was then known as the Beverly Wilshire Apartment Hotel. The E-shaped structure is built of a Tuscan stone and Carrara marble in the Italian Renaissance architecture style, renamed the Beverly Wilshire Hotel by new owners, it was renovated with a ballroom in the 1940s to accommodate the popular big bands of the day. An Olympic-sized swimming pool was built and championship tennis courts were added, the hotel changed hands in 1958 and again in 1961, when it was purchased by a group of investors headed by Hernando Courtright. The singer Elvis Presley and later the actor Warren Beatty lived several years in the hotel and it was also the home of John Lennon, when he was separated for several months from his wife Yoko Ono. The American socialite and Woolworth department store heiress Barbara Hutton spent her last years in poverty and poor health in the hotel. Acquired by Regent International Hotels in 1985, the 395-room luxury hotel has been managed by the Four Seasons Hotel since 1992, famous guests have included, among many others, U. S. The Beverly Wilshire was a filming location for HBOs Entourage television series, with cast. Since 2006, Wolfgang Puck has operated a restaurant, Cut, Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts Official website
29.
La traviata
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La traviata is an opera in three acts by Giuseppe Verdi set to an Italian libretto by Francesco Maria Piave. It is based on La Dame aux Camélias, an adapted from the novel by Alexandre Dumas. The opera was originally titled Violetta, after the main character and it was first performed on 6 March 1853 at the La Fenice opera house in Venice. Piave and Verdi wanted to follow Dumas in giving the opera a contemporary setting and it was not until the 1880s that the composer and librettists original wishes were carried out and realistic productions were staged. For Verdi, the years 1851 to 1853 were filled with operatic activity, in addition, personal affairs in his home town limited his activities that spring, but after Rigolettos success in Venice, an additional commission was offered by Brenna, the secretary of La Fenice. After Verdis return from Paris a contract was signed in May 1852, with performances scheduled for March 1853, Verdi sees The Lady of the Camellias play Verdi and Giuseppina Strepponi had visited Paris from late 1851 and into March 1852. In February the couple attended a performance of Alexander Dumas filss The Lady of the Camellias, as a result of this, Verdi biographer Mary Jane Phillips-Matz reports, the composer immediately began to compose music for what would later become La traviata. Writing to Piave, he added that I dont want any of those subjects that one can find by the hundreds. But at the time, the composer expressed concern about censorship in Venice. As the months dragged on into October, it was agreed that Piave would come to SantAgata, one subject was chosen, Piave set to work, and then Verdi threw in another idea, which may have been La traviata. However, within a time, a synopsis was dispatched to Venice under the title of Amore e morte. However, as Budden reveals, Verdi writes to his friend De Sanctis telling him that for Venice Im doing La Dame aux camélias which will probably be called La traviata, a subject for our own age. Although still bogged down at SantAgata, Piave was sanguine, Everything will turn out fine, Verdi was filled with premonitions of disaster upon his arrival in Venice on 21 February for rehearsals and he made his unhappiness clear to the singers. 19th century The audience jeered at times during the premiere, directing some of their scorn at the casting of soprano Fanny Salvini-Donatelli in the role of Violetta. Though she was a singer, they considered her to be too old. The next day, Verdi wrote to his friend Emanuele Muzio in what has now become perhaps his most famous letter, was the fault mine or the singers. Coincidentally, as Philips-Matz points out, an Italian translation of the play La Dame aux camélias was being presented just a short distance from La Fenice. As Budden notes, it came to be Venice that made an honest woman of Violetta when Verdi allowed a performance at the Teatro San Benedetto, then it was a fiasco, now it has created a furore
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San Francisco Opera
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San Francisco Opera is an American opera company, based in San Francisco, California. It was founded in 1923 by Gaetano Merola, in fact, Merolas initial visits to the city were as conductor of some of these troupes—the first in 1909 with the International Opera Company of Montreal. Continued visits for the next decade convinced him that a San Francisco company was viable, while it was a popular and critical triumph, the five-day season was not a financial success. It was clear to Merola that a solid financial base was needed. Appealing to more than the elite, Merola raised 2441 contributions of $50 each from many founding members. After the opening of La bohème, the first 1923/24 season included productions of Andrea Chénier, Mefistofele, Tosca (with Giuseppe de Luca and Martinelli, during the nine years following the opening season, the San Francisco War Memorial Opera House was conceived. The building was designed by Arthur Brown, Jr. the architect who also created San Franciscos Coit Tower, the company inaugurated the new opera house with a performance of Tosca on 15 October 1932 with Claudia Muzio in the title role. However, until well after Merolas death, the main San Francisco season rarely extended beyond late October and he died while conducting an open-air concert at Stern Grove on 30 August 1953. Edwin MacArthur led the San Francisco Opera Orchestra in several 78-rpm recordings for RCA Victor in the late 1930s, some of these were later reissued by RCA on LP and CD. Short versions of all the works in the season were broadcast on about 30 California, Oregon, Washington, Idaho and British Columbia radio stations, starting about 1941. Kurt Herbert Adler came to the United States in 1938 after early experience and training in aspects of music and theatre in Austria, Germany. For five years, he worked to build the chorus of the Chicago Opera Company, Merola heard of him and, over the telephone, invited him to San Francisco opera in 1943 as chorus director. Adler was often regarded as a difficult, sometimes tyrannical person to work for, however, as Chatfield-Taylor notes, singers, conductors, directors, and designers came back season after season…. Among those who were offered new and exciting challenges were Geraint Evans, the Welsh baritone, Leontyne Price, and Luciano Pavarotti. He took on more and more details as Merolas health and energy diminished. After three months of acting as Artistic Director, and with the assistance of its president, Robert Watt Miller, Adler was confirmed as General Director, Adlers aims Adlers aims in taking over the company were several. Eventually, as seen in the 1961 SFO season, eleven operas were given five or six performances each on average while the season ran to late November. He heard Leontyne Price on the radio, and offered her a role in Dialogues of the Carmelites in 1957, thus providing her with her the first performance on a major operatic stage
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Hooker with a heart of gold
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The hooker with a heart of gold is a stock character involving a courtesan or prostitute with a hidden integrity and kindness. She is usually an example of irony, an immoral woman who demonstrates virtues absent in others. This character is often a pivotal, but peripheral, character in literature and motion pictures and she is sometimes established in contrast to another female character who is morally correct but frigid or otherwise unyielding. Hookers with hearts of gold are sometimes reluctant prostitutes due to either desperation or coercion from a pimp, or her prostitution may reflect an overall lust for life, as in Ilya in Never on Sunday. Therefore, this might be considered not just an archetype but also fairly universal, a variation on the theme, the dancer with a heart of gold, is a tamer version of the character. In opera and musical theater, a hooker with a heart of gold is most often portrayed by a mezzo-soprano and she is portrayed in a tragic light and often dies a tragic death. Another classic example of the Tart with a character is the character of Nancy in Charles Dickens novel Oliver Twist. In television history, the tart with a heart has become an important archetype in serial drama and soap opera, especially in Britain. During the 1960s, the character of Elsie Tanner in British series Coronation Street set the mold for future such as Bet Lynch, Kat Slater, Stacey Slater. Characters of this nature are depicted as having tragic lives. More often than not, these characters are vital to their respective shows. The hooker with a heart of gold is also a prominent character in many American western movies, in The Usual Suspects, detective Dave Kujan says to Roger Verbal Kint. So dont sell me the hooker with a heart of gold, in Giuseppe Verdis La Traviata, the courtesan Violetta Valery turns to love when she meets Alfredo and subsequently sells all of her possessions to support them. She is later persuaded to leave him by Alfredos father Giorgio Germont in order to keep the nobility from falling. She is also coping with tuberculosis and keeps this a secret, an episode of Firefly titled Heart of Gold has the crew of Serenity defending a brothel called the Heart of Gold from a wealthy, misogynistic local rancher. The character appears in action films as Chris in the 1967 action film Point Blank, as Rosie in the 1999 re-make Payback. In the 1970 highly successful Pakistani film, Anjuman, Rani played the virtuous prostitute Anjuman, the role was later reprised by Sara Loren, in the remake of the film in 2013. In the 2011 Pakistani film Bol, actress and model, Iman Ali, played the acclaimed golden-heart prostitute, named, in the 2012 film Fury ex-con Foley falls in love with a disturbed but ultimately good hearted prostitute named Iris
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Elinor Donahue
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Donahue was born in Tacoma, Washington, the daughter of Doris Genevieve and Thomas William Donahue. Appearing in dancing-chorus film roles from the age of five, Donahue was at one point a ballet-school classmate of future Fred Astaire partner Barrie Chase. She was an actress working in vaudeville and had several bit parts in movies as a teenager, including Love Is Better Than Ever. She played one of the daughters in Three Daring Daughters in 1948, Donahue achieved stardom for her role as the elder daughter, Betty, on the television family series Father Knows Best. Her co-stars were Robert Young, Jane Wyatt, Billy Gray as her brother, James Bud Anderson, Jr. and Lauren Chapin as her younger sister. Donahue was a judge in ABCs Jukebox Jury. While in the first season of Father Knows Best she also appeared on The Ray Bolger Show, thereafter, she was cast with James Best, Ann Doran, and J. Carrol Naish in the 1956 episode The White Carnation of the religion anthology series, Crossroads. She guest starred on an episode of U. S. Marshal and she also appeared as a new bride in the The George Burns and Gracie Allen Show episode titled The Newlyweds that aired April 2,1956. She played Georgiana Balanger in the episode Dennis and the Wedding on Dennis the Menace, Donahue was also cast, in 1960, with Marion Ross in an episode of The Brothers Brannagan. She played Miriam Welby on ABCs The Odd Couple, Jane Mulligan on Mulligans Stew and she was featured in 12 episodes of CBSs The Andy Griffith Show as pharmacist Ellie Walker, even getting a mention in the opening credits. The character was intended to be a love interest for Sheriff Andy Taylor, additionally, on February 9,1963, she played Letty May in the episode The Burning Tree on Have Gun Will Travel. She guest-appeared on Star Trek in the second-season episode Metamorphosis as commissioner Nancy Hedford, in 1966, she guest starred on the A Man Called Shenahdoah TV series, episode 8, Town On Fire. Donahue portrayed Miriam Welby in 17 episodes of The Odd Couple, Donahue appeared in One Day at a Time, as Alexs mother Felicia. Donahue portrayed the sister of Sister Bertrille in three episodes of ABCs The Flying Nun, in 1977, she appeared in an episode of the ABC crime drama The Feather and Father Gang. In 1978, Donahue starred in the NBC sitcom Please Stand By, in 1984, she made an appearance as Mrs. Broderick, the mother of a teenaged drug addict on the last season of Happy Days. In 1987, she played the characters mother in the short-lived Fox series The New Adventures of Beans Baxter. In 1988, she appeared in a Newhart episode and appeared on The Golden Girls as the newest wife of Dorothy Zbornaks ex-husband, in 1990, she played Bridget, a Beverly Hills clothing-store manager, in the film Pretty Woman. Donahue played Gladys, the mother of Chris Peterson, in all 35 episodes of the sitcom Get a Life, in 1992, she voiced the mother on the Fox Kids animated series Eek. the Cat
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James Patrick Stuart
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James Patrick Stuart is an American actor and voice actor. Stuart was born on June 16,1968, in Hollywood, California to English parents, Chad and his father was one-half of the 1960s British Invasion duo Chad & Jeremy. As his father was a part of a pop duo, Stuart spent much of his childhood in recording studios, as a child actor, he went by the name Patrick Stuart, and starred in the 1980s TV series Galactica 1980 as Doctor Zee. Stuart played Confederate Colonel Edward Porter Alexander in the 1993 film Gettysburg and its 2003 prequel Gods, between 1989 and 1992, he was the second actor to play Will Cortlandt on the daytime soap opera All My Children. He is known mostly for his work on television, appearing in such shows as CSI, Andy Richter Controls the Universe, The Closer,90210, Still Standing and Supernatural. He also provides the voices of Avalanche on Wolverine and the X-Men, Private the Penguin and Joey the Kangaroo in Nickelodeons The Penguins of Madagascar, griffen in Call of Duty, Modern Warfare 3, Pvt. Stuart resides in Los Angeles, California with his wife, Jocelyn, abracadabra-Doo The Penguins of Madagascar, Operation, DVD Premiere Justice League, Crisis on Two Earths Scooby-Doo. Spooky Games Justice League, The Flashpoint Paradox Beware the Batman as David Hull Blaze, macGregor Call of Duty, Black Ops - Additional voices Call of Duty, Modern Warfare 3 - Cpl. The Soap Opera Book, Whos Who in Daytime Drama, 2nd edition–2002, official website James Patrick Stuart at the Internet Movie Database
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Hank Azaria
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Henry Albert Hank Azaria is an American actor, voice actor, comedian, and producer. He is known for starring in the television sitcom The Simpsons, voicing Moe Szyslak, Apu Nahasapeemapetilon, Chief Wiggum, Comic Book Guy, Carl Carlson. He is also the star of the 2017 tv series Brockmire and he also had recurring roles on the television series Mad About You and Friends, played the title character in the drama Huff, and appeared in the popular stage musical Spamalot. Though originally known as a actor, Azaria has also taken on more dramatic roles including the TV films Tuesdays With Morrie. He has won six Emmys and a Screen Actors Guild Award, Azaria was married to actress Helen Hunt from 1999 to 2000 and has been married to actress Katie Wright since 2007. Azaria was born in Queens, New York City, the son of Eastern Sephardic Jewish parents, Ruth and his grandparents on both sides hailed from Thessaloniki, from Greeces Spanish Jewish community established there after the 1492 exile from Spain. His familys spoken language at home was the Ladino language, which Azaria described as a strange, Azarias father ran several dress-manufacturing businesses, while his mother raised him and his two older sisters, Stephanie and Elise. Before marrying his father, Azarias mother had been a publicist for Columbia Pictures, promoting films in Latin American countries, during his childhood, Azaria would often memorize and mimic the scripts of the films, shows and stand-up comedy routines that he enjoyed. Azaria attended The Kew-Forest School in Forest Hills and he decided to become an actor after performing in a school play at the age of 16, becoming, at the expense of his academic studies, obsessed with acting. Both of his parents loved all forms of business, which further spurred him to become an actor. He studied drama at Tufts University from 1981 to 1985, where he met and befriended actor Oliver Platt and noted that Oliver was an actor than I was in college. Together they both starred in college stage productions, including The Merchant of Venice, before Azaria trained at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts. Although he did not expect the endeavor to be successful, Azaria decided to become an actor, so that later in his life. Azarias first acting job was an advertisement for Italian television when he was seventeen years old and he also worked as a busboy. He decided that television was an arena and offered more opportunity so, after being offered work with talent agent Harry Gold. He made his debut with a role in the pilot episode of the 1986 ABC comedy-drama series Joe Bash. His part – a one-line role as the police officer Maldonado – was edited out before the show was broadcast, although the role secured him admission to the Screen Actors Guild. Azaria appeared in the TV film Nitti, The Enforcer, about the gangster Frank Nitti and he played Joe in an episode of the sitcom Family Ties in 1988, in which he had one line and the following year he played Steve Stevenson in an episode of Growing Pains
