Prince Carlos, Duke of Parma and Piacenza(Carlos Xavier Bernardo Sixto Marie; born 27 January 1970), is the current Head of the Royal and Ducal House of Bourbon-Parma, who ruled the Duchy of Parma and Piacenza from 1748 to 1802 and from 1847 to 1859. From 1996, he is also a member of the Dutch royal family with the style of "His Royal Highness" and the title of Prince Carlos de Bourbon de Parme. He is also considered as the legitimate King of Spain and Head of the Carlist Royal Family by the Carlists with the name of Don Carlos Javier, Rey de las Españas, since 2010, succeeding his father. In Spain, he uses also the title of Duke of Madrid.

The House of Bourbon-Parma is a cadet branch of the Spanish royal family, whose members once ruled as King of Etruria and as Duke of Parma and Piacenza, Guastalla, and Lucca. The House descended from the French Capetian dynasty in male line. Its name of Bourbon-Parma comes from the main name (Bourbon) and the other (Parma) from the title of Duke of Parma. The title was held by the Spanish Bourbons, as the founder Philip, Duke of Parma was the great-grandson of Ranuccio II Farnese, Duke of Parma. The House of Bourbon-Parma is today the Sovereign House of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg (agnatically) and all members of the Grand Ducal Family of Luxembourg are members of the House of Bourbon-Parma with the title of "Princes/Princesses" and the predicate of Royal Highness.