Princess Royal is a substantive title customarily awarded by a British monarch to his or her eldest daughter. There have been seven Princesses Royal. Princess Anne is the current Princess Royal. Queen Elizabeth II was never known as the Princess Royal because her aunt, Princess Mary, was in possession of the title; the title Princess Royal came into existence when Queen Henrietta Maria, daughter of Henry IV, King of France, wife of King Charles I, wanted to imitate the way the eldest daughter of the King of France was styled "Madame Royale". Thus Princess Mary, the daughter of Henrietta Maria and Charles, became the first Princess Royal in 1642. Princess Mary, eldest daughter of King James II and VII, Princess Sophia Dorothea, only daughter of King George I, were eligible for this honour but did not receive it. At the time she became eligible for the title, Princess Mary was Princess of Orange, while Sophia Dorothea was Queen in Prussia when she became eligible for the title. Princess Louisa Maria, the youngest daughter of King James II, born after he lost his crown in the Glorious Revolution of 1688-1689, was considered to be Princess Royal during James's exile by Jacobites at Saint-Germain-en-Laye and was so called by Jacobites though she was not James's eldest living daughter at any time during her life.

Before the title of Princess Royal came into use in England, the eldest daughter of the King or Queen of England had a special status in law. For instance, according to Magna Carta, the barons of the realm owed aids to finance the first wedding of the king's eldest daughter, by a statute of the 25th year of King Edward III, sleeping with the king's eldest daughter before her marriage constitutes an act of high treason punishable by death; the following is a complete list of women formally styled Princess Royal: In the House of M alternate universe of Marvel Comics, Elizabeth Braddock is the elder twin sister of the British King and bears the title Princess Royal. The novel The Lady Royal, by Molly Costain Haycraft, is a fictionalized account of the life of Isabella de Coucy. According to the narrative, Isabella was titled the Princess Royal and later given the more'adult' title of the Lady Royal by her parents; this is a fabrication. The title of "the Lady Royal" has never existed. Princess Royal was one of the GWR 3031 Class locomotives that were built for and run on the British Great Western Railway between 1891 and 1915.

The LMS Class 8P "Princess Royal" 4-6-2 was a type of express passenger locomotive built between 1933 and 1935 by the London Midland & Scottish Railway Princess Royal is an abandoned town in the Western Australian Goldfields, named for Victoria, Princess Royal, daughter of Queen Victoria. Five ships of the Royal Navy have been named HMS Princess Royal. "The Princess Royal" is the name of a folk tune from the British Isles, of a morris dance performed to that tune. In the Thai monarchy, the style of Sayamboromrajakumari for Princess Sirindhorn of Thailand is similar to the position of Princess Royal. In the Kingdom of Tonga, Princess Sālote Mafileʻo Pilolevu is the Princess Royal. In a number of African monarchies, the title of the principal non-spousal female titleholder in the kingdom is translated as Princess Royal; this happens in kingdoms that don't make use of the higher title of queen mother. Princess Elizabeth, Batebe of Toro in Uganda, for example has her title translated in this manner.

This happens though it has meant something closer to "queen sister"

"L'estate sta finendo" is an Italo disco song by the Italian duo Righeira. The song was reached number one in Italy, it was the winning song at the Festivalbar in 1985 as the most popular song of the summer. Football chants based on the song is popularly sung by football fans in many European clubs; the chants are referred to as "Un giorno all'improvviso" from their opening line in Italy, in English clubs it is known as "Allez Allez Allez" from its chorus. The song was written by the duo Stefano Righi and Stefano Rota, Carmelo La Bionda of the group La Bionda, it was released under the label CGD Dischi. The song reached number one in Italy in August 1985. In Germany it was reached number 35 on the German chart; the song was the winning song at the Festivalbar in 1985 as the most-played jukebox song of the summer nationwide in Italy that year. The use of the song as football chant has its origin in L'Aquila, a city hit by an earthquake in 2009. Stefano Righi performed the song for a concert in the city a few years this song was picked up afterwards by the ultras of the city's football club L'Aquila Calcio 1927 called the Red-Blue Eagles, who used it as a chant that starts with the line "Un giorno all'improvviso".

Their chant was adopted by fans of other Italian clubs such as Genoa and Napoli, spread to other clubs in Europe such as Atlético Madrid and Porto. The chant by Porto fans going to a UEFA Europa League match in 2016 against Borussia Dortmund was noticed by Liverpool fans, who created their own version as "Allez Allez Allez". Jamie Webster, who heard the chant during Liverpool's match against Porto sang and recorded a version, it became popular during Liverpool's 2017–18 UEFA Champions League campaign after a win against Manchester City in the quarter final. The song reached number 39 on the UK Singles Downloads Chart; this version has since been adapted for use by fans of a number of clubs in English football. L'estate sta finendo on YouTube La Bionda YouTube channel Football chant as used by L'Aquila fans in 2014 on YouTube Football chant as used by Napoli fans in 2016 on YouTube Version by Jamie Webster on YouTube

RCAF Station Estevan was a World War II, British Commonwealth Air Training Plan base operated by the Royal Canadian Air Force. It was located South of the City of Estevan, Canada. On 27 April 1942, the airfield became home to the Royal Air Force's, No. 38 Service Flying Training School. Although the school was ran by the Royal Air Force it and others were considered extensions of the British Commonwealth Training Plan until they were incorporated into the BCATP in 1942. 38 SFTS flew Avro Anson twin-engine trainers until 11 Feb 1944. In 1942 the aerodrome was listed as RCAF Aerodrome - Estevan, Saskatchewan at 49°04′N 103°00′W with a variation of 16 degrees east and elevation of 1,875 ft. Five runways were listed as follows: A review of Google Maps on 8 June 2018 shows the area, once home to this facility is now an open pit mine. There is no visible evidence that the facility existed. A Relief Landing field for RCAF Station Estevan was located 12 mi west; the site was located north-west of the town of Saskatchewan.

The Relief field was constructed in the typical triangular pattern. In 1942 the aerodrome was listed as RCAF Aerodrome - Outram, Saskatchewan at 49°08′N 103°15′W with a variation of 16 degrees east and elevation of 1,895 ft. Three runways were listed as follows: A review of Google Maps on 5 June 2018 shows A triangular pattern consistent with a now cultivated BCATP Aerodrome, but the coordinates stated above appear to be off. Corrected coordinates are 49.130406°N 103.265059°W / 49.130406. The site was located east of the railway siding of Saskatchewan; the Relief field was listed as Turf with a triangular runway layout. In 1942 the aerodrome was listed as RCAF Aerodrome - Chandler, Saskatchewan at 49°19′N 103°24′W with a variation of 16 degrees east and elevation of 1,875 ft; the Aerodrome was listed as an All way field with three runways, they were listed as follows A review of Google Maps on 8 June 2018 shows no visibility of an airfield at the posted coordinates. But nearby there appears to be the impression of a runway, this other site appears consisitant with the c.1942 map.

The possible coordinates are 49.322548°N 103.413232°W / 49.322548. The pilots had been transferring Cornell Aircraft back to the United States on the completion of the Lend Lease Agreement in place during the Second World War; the airmen were on the strength of No. 124 Squadron, Ontario. At some point after the war the decommissioned Station was demolished and an open pit coal mine has removed all traces of the former station. Between the end of the war and the demolition of this facility the aerodrome was used as the Estevan Airport. There is no trace of the former station today. Bruce Forsyth's Military History Page

"Heart by Heart" is a song by Demi Lovato from The Mortal Instruments: City of Bones soundtrack. The song starts off slow and stripped down with Lovato’s clear voice accompanied by a piano and builds to a rock crescendo; the song received positive reviews from critics upon its release. Hollywood Life correspondent Tierney McAfee labelled "Heart by Heart" the best love song of the summer "by far", citing the dynamic production and Demi's emotive vocals, which McAfee described as "pack a big emotional punch"; the Huffington Post called the song "hauntingly beautiful" and praised the "powerful" piano-based instrumentation. Sam Lansky of Idolator lauded Lovato's "absolutely monster vocals" on the "soaring power ballad" and felt the song was anthemic, drawing comparisons to other Warren songs. Despite not having an promoted single release, "Heart by Heart", managed to reach number 115 on the UK Singles Chart. Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics

The Hamburg Institute for Social Research is an independent private foundation whose scholarship is focused on both contemporary history and the social sciences. Founded in 1984 by Prof. Dr. Jan Philipp Reemtsma, it employs about 50 people with 50% working in the research fields of sociology and history; the institute publishes a bimonthly journal has its own publishing house. The institutes journal was first published in 1992 and allows readers to follow ongoing research projects at the institute. In its first decade the journal has garnered interest not only in the academic community but has a number of non academic readers. In 1995 the institute began an exhibition titled Wehrmachtsausstellung which toured Germany until 1999; the tour detailed the War crimes of the Wehrmacht and helped break the Myth of the clean Wehrmacht in Germany. It was designed by Hannes Heer. Official website

Kogga Devanna Kamath was an Indian artist who specialised in Yakshagana puppetry. Kogga Devanna Kamath was born on 27 November 1921 He learned the art of puppetry from his father, Devanna Kamath, the only puppetry artist of the area and had received the President Award for puppetry in 1966. Kogga Kamath had determined to give up the art due to lack of patronage but was encouraged to continue by Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay and K. Sanjeeva Prabhu, his family members supported his effort and he received further encouragement from Shivarama Karanth, a writer, art promoter and researcher in Yakshagana. He died on 27 August 2003. in Uppinakudru, an island village located in Kundapura taluk, Udupi District, India. Kamath contributed to development and performance of puppetry art, based on Yakshagana songs and style and has given hundreds of performances in India and abroad, including in France, Holland, Australia and Pakistan; the puppets are made of light wood and of 18 inches height and dressed similar to Yakshagana artists and made to move and dance like Yakshagana artists, with song and background music.

The performance by Kamath is colourful and similar to badaguthittu Yakshagana bayalata, the popular whole night performance art prevailing in Coastal areas of Karnataka. These puppet shows are based on stories from Ramayana and Mahabharatha. There is another puppetry troupe in Kasargod giving Yakshagana shows in thenkuthittu style. Madras Dooradarshan has made a documentary on his puppetry show. Delhi Dooradarshan has made a documentary on Kogga Devanna Kamath. Several other institutions have supported Yakshagana puppetry; these are magnificent puppets - beautifully designed, made with activity of great craftsman, the designs and painting - all shows the love and awareness of the true artist. I am impressed. I hope to learn from such Guru as Sri Kogga Kamath.-Prof. Melvin Helstien, Department of Theatre Arts, University of California Bhaskara Devanna Kamath, son of Kogga Devanna Kamath, learned the art from his father and gives performances, he is the convener of Sri Ganesha Yakshagana Gombeyata Mandali, a troupe, dedicated to giving performances of Yakshagana puppetry.

This troupe continues to give performances in several countries like UK etc.. He has developed, as an innovation: puppets to perform trail yoga and called it "Yoga in Puppets", he has given shows with Konkani and Hindi interpretations for the benefit of different audiences. Bhaskar Kogga Kamath conducts puppetry classes for Indian and foreign students. Yakshagana K. V. Ramesh, Puppeteer