1.
Bolsa de Madrid
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Bolsa de Madrid is owned by Bolsas y Mercados Españoles. The reorganisation of Spains financial market under the umbrella of the Spanish Stock Market includes the bolsas, the derivatives markets. Trading is linked through the electronic Spanish Stock Market Interconnection System, the IBEX35 Index is a capitalization-weighted index comprising the 35 most liquid Spanish stocks traded in the continuous market, and is Bolsa de Madrids benchmark. Bolsa de Madrid also offers the FTSE-Latibex Index, a European market for Latin American stocks, the Ibex New Market Index, for emerging companies, was offered from 2000 to 2007. Trading on SIBE is conducted from 9 a. m. to 5,30 p. m. open outcry from 10a. m. to 11,30 a. m. both Monday through Friday The Bolsa de Madrid was officially founded in 1831. In 1993, the Bolsa de Madrid switched to all-electronic trading for fixed-income securities. As required by Spanish law, it is managed and operated by the Sociedad Rectora de la Bolsa de Valores de Madrid S. A. a corporation organized under the laws of the Kingdom of Spain. The membership of the Madrid Stock Exchange consists of 41 major financial institutions and 12 established securities dealers, at December 31,2001, approximately 1477 domestic and foreign companies had their equity securities listed on the Madrid Stock Exchange. The total market capitalization of the equity securities listed on the Madrid Stock Exchange in May,2007 was €1,276.26 billion and it is housed in a historic nineteenth-century building, the Palacio de la Bolsa de Madrid. Madrid Stock Exchange General Index Official website
2.
Madrid
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Madrid is the capital city of the Kingdom of Spain and the largest municipality in both the Community of Madrid and Spain as a whole. The city has a population of almost 3.2 million with an area population of approximately 6.5 million. It is the third-largest city in the European Union after London and Berlin, the municipality itself covers an area of 604.3 km2. Madrid lies on the River Manzanares in the centre of both the country and the Community of Madrid, this community is bordered by the communities of Castile and León. As the capital city of Spain, seat of government, and residence of the Spanish monarch, Madrid is also the political, economic, the current mayor is Manuela Carmena from Ahora Madrid. Madrid is home to two football clubs, Real Madrid and Atlético de Madrid. Madrid is the 17th most liveable city in the according to Monocle magazine. Madrid organises fairs such as FITUR, ARCO, SIMO TCI, while Madrid possesses modern infrastructure, it has preserved the look and feel of many of its historic neighbourhoods and streets. Cibeles Palace and Fountain have become one of the monument symbols of the city, the first documented reference of the city originates in Andalusan times as the Arabic مجريط Majrīṭ, which was retained in Medieval Spanish as Magerit. A wider number of theories have been formulated on possible earlier origins, according to legend, Madrid was founded by Ocno Bianor and was named Metragirta or Mantua Carpetana. The most ancient recorded name of the city Magerit comes from the name of a built on the Manzanares River in the 9th century AD. Nevertheless, it is speculated that the origin of the current name of the city comes from the 2nd century BC. The Roman Empire established a settlement on the banks of the Manzanares river, the name of this first village was Matrice. In the 8th century, the Islamic conquest of the Iberian Peninsula saw the changed to Mayrit, from the Arabic term ميرا Mayra. The modern Madrid evolved from the Mozarabic Matrit, which is still in the Madrilenian gentilic, after the disintegration of the Caliphate of Córdoba, Madrid was integrated in the Taifa of Toledo. With the surrender of Toledo to Alfonso VI of León and Castile, the city was conquered by Christians in 1085, Christians replaced Muslims in the occupation of the centre of the city, while Muslims and Jews settled in the suburbs. The city was thriving and was given the title of Villa, since 1188, Madrid won the right to be a city with representation in the courts of Castile. In 1202, King Alfonso VIII of Castile gave Madrid its first charter to regulate the municipal council, which was expanded in 1222 by Ferdinand III of Castile
3.
Spain
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By population, Spain is the sixth largest in Europe and the fifth in the European Union. Spains capital and largest city is Madrid, other urban areas include Barcelona, Valencia, Seville, Bilbao. Modern humans first arrived in the Iberian Peninsula around 35,000 years ago, in the Middle Ages, the area was conquered by Germanic tribes and later by the Moors. Spain is a democracy organised in the form of a government under a constitutional monarchy. It is a power and a major developed country with the worlds fourteenth largest economy by nominal GDP. Jesús Luis Cunchillos argues that the root of the span is the Phoenician word spy. Therefore, i-spn-ya would mean the land where metals are forged, two 15th-century Spanish Jewish scholars, Don Isaac Abravanel and Solomon ibn Verga, gave an explanation now considered folkloric. Both men wrote in two different published works that the first Jews to reach Spain were brought by ship by Phiros who was confederate with the king of Babylon when he laid siege to Jerusalem. This man was a Grecian by birth, but who had given a kingdom in Spain. He became related by marriage to Espan, the nephew of king Heracles, Heracles later renounced his throne in preference for his native Greece, leaving his kingdom to his nephew, Espan, from whom the country of España took its name. Based upon their testimonies, this eponym would have already been in use in Spain by c.350 BCE, Iberia enters written records as a land populated largely by the Iberians, Basques and Celts. Early on its coastal areas were settled by Phoenicians who founded Western Europe´s most ancient cities Cadiz, Phoenician influence expanded as much of the Peninsula was eventually incorporated into the Carthaginian Empire, becoming a major theater of the Punic Wars against the expanding Roman Empire. After an arduous conquest, the peninsula came fully under Roman Rule, during the early Middle Ages it came under Germanic rule but later, much of it was conquered by Moorish invaders from North Africa. In a process took centuries, the small Christian kingdoms in the north gradually regained control of the peninsula. The last Moorish kingdom fell in the same year Columbus reached the Americas, a global empire began which saw Spain become the strongest kingdom in Europe, the leading world power for a century and a half, and the largest overseas empire for three centuries. Continued wars and other problems led to a diminished status. The Napoleonic invasions of Spain led to chaos, triggering independence movements that tore apart most of the empire, eventually democracy was peacefully restored in the form of a parliamentary constitutional monarchy. Spain joined the European Union, experiencing a renaissance and steady economic growth
4.
Security guard
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A security guard, security officer, or protective agent is a private person who is hired to protect an organizations assets from a variety of hazards by using preventative measures. Security officers are generally uniformed to represent their lawful authority to protect private property, Security guards are generally governed by legal regulations, which set out the requirements for eligibility and the permitted authorities of a security guard in a given jurisdiction. The authorities permitted to security guards vary by country and subnational jurisdiction, Security officers are hired by a range of organizations, including businesses, government departments and agencies and not-for-profit organizations. Until the 1980s, the watchman was more commonly applied to this function. This term was carried over to North America where it was interchangeable with night-watchman until both terms were replaced with the modern security-based titles, Security officers are sometimes regarded as fulfilling a private policing function. Many security firms and proprietary security departments practice the detect, deter, observe, a private security officers primary duty is the prevention and deterrence of crime. Security personnel enforce company rules and can act to protect lives and property, all security officers are also required to go through additional training mandated by the state for the carrying of weapons such as batons, firearms, and pepper spray. Some officers are required to complete certification for special duties. The number of jobs is expected to grow in the U. S. with 175,000 new security jobs expected before 2016, one major economic justification for security personnel is that insurance companies will give substantial rate discounts to sites which have a 24-hour presence. For a high risk or high value property, the discount can often exceed the money being spent on its security program. Discounts are offered because having security on site increases the odds that any fire will be noticed and reported to the fire department before a total loss occurs. Also, the presence of security officers tends to diminish shrinkage, theft, employee misconduct and safety violations, property damage. Many casinos hire security officers to protect money when transferring it from the casino to the casinos bank, armed security officers are frequently contracted to respond as law enforcement until a given situation at a client location is under control and/or public authorities arrive on the scene. Patrolling is usually a part of a security officers duties. Often these patrols are logged by use of a guard tour patrol system, until recently the most commonly used form used to be mechanical clock systems that required a key for manual punching of a number to a strip of paper inside with the time pre-printed on it. But recently, electronic systems have risen in popularity due to their weight, ease of use. Regular patrols are, however, becoming accepted as an industry standard, as it provides predictability for the would-be criminal. Random patrols are easily programmed into electronic systems, allowing freedom of movement
5.
Australian dollar
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Within Australia, it is almost always abbreviated with the dollar sign, with A$ or AU$ sometimes used to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies. It is subdivided into 100 cents, in 2011, the Australian dollar was the fifth most traded currency in the world, accounting for 7. 6% of the worlds daily share. It trades in the foreign exchange markets behind the US dollar, the euro, the yen. The currency is referred to by foreign-exchange traders as the Aussie dollar. With pounds, shillings and pence to be replaced by decimal currency on 14 February 1966, in 1963, the Prime Minister, Sir Robert Menzies, a monarchist, wished to name the currency the royal. Other proposed names included more exotic suggestions such as the austral, the oz, the boomer, the roo, the kanga, the emu, the digger, the quid, the dinkum and the ming. Menzies influence resulted in the selection of the royal, and trial designs were prepared and printed by the Reserve Bank of Australia, the Treasurer, Harold Holt, announced the decision in Parliament on 5 June 1963. The royal would be subdivided into 100 cents, but the existing names shilling, florin, the name royal for the currency proved very unpopular, with Holt and his wife even receiving death threats. On 24 July Holt told the Cabinet the decision had been a terrible mistake, on 18 September Holt advised Parliament that the name was to be the dollar, of 100 cents. The Australian pound, introduced in 1910 and officially distinct in value from the pound sterling since devaluation in 1931, was replaced by the dollar on 14 February 1966. The rate of conversion for the new currency was two dollars per Australian pound, or ten Australian shillings per dollar. The exchange rate was pegged to the pound sterling at a rate of $1 =8 shillings, in 1967, Australia effectively left the sterling area, when the pound sterling was devalued against the US dollar and the Australian dollar did not follow. It maintained its peg to the US dollar at the rate of A$1 = US$1.12, on 27 September 2012, the Reserve Bank of Australia stated that they had ordered work on a project to upgrade the current banknotes. The upgraded banknotes will incorporate a number of new features so that they remain secure into the future, the first new banknotes were issued from the 1st of September 2016, with the remaining denominations to be issued in the coming years. In 1966, coins were introduced in denominations of 1,2,5,10,20 and 50 cents. The initial 50-cent coins contained high silver content and were withdrawn after a year after the value of the silver content was found to exceed the face value of the coins. One-dollar coins were introduced in 1984, followed by two-dollar coins in 1988, the one- and two-cent coins were discontinued in 1991 and withdrawn from circulation. In commemoration of the 40th anniversary of decimal currency, the 2006 mint proof and uncirculated sets included one-, in early 2013, Australias first triangular coin was introduced, to mark the 25th anniversary of the opening of Parliament House
6.
Ciudad del Este
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Ciudad del Este initialed CDE is the second largest city in Paraguay and capital of the Alto Paraná Department, situated on the Paraná River. As of 2008 its population was of 320,782, the city consists of a large population of Lebanese immigrants, as well as Taiwanese. Guaraní International Airport, located in neighboring city Minga Guazú, serves Ciudad del Este, the city annually attracts thousands of tourists for Black Friday. On a daily basis, many tourists from Brazil cross the border to enter Ciudad del Este, the city is home to Club Atlético 3 de Febrero, counting with the Estadio Antonio Oddone Sarubbi which was used for the 1999 Copa América and is Paraguays third biggest football stadium. Founded in 1957, it was originally called Puerto Flor de Lis, the city is the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Ciudad del Este. The city, coextensive with the district, is located in south-eastern Paraguay. Part of a known as the Triple Frontier, Ciudad del Este lies in front of the Brazilian city of Foz do Iguaçu. Separated from it by Paraná River, it is linked by the Friendship Bridge, the Argentine border is located between the neighbouring town of Presidente Franco and Puerto Iguazú. Ciudad del Este, along with the towns and districts of Hernandarias, Minga Guazú and Presidente Franco, because of this negative reputation, many Argentine and Brazilian tourists visiting Lake Itaipú and the Iguazú Falls, both on the Paraná River, avoid Ciudad del Este. Ciudad del Este is a multicultural and diverse city and it is home to a large Asian-born population, specifically of Taiwanese, Korean, Lebanese, and Iranian origin, evident in the citys mosques and pagodas. The Taiwanese government paid for the construction of the town hall in exchange for Paraguayan support in the United Nations. From the 1970s, Sunni Muslim Arabs moved to the city and this changed in the 1980s to Shia Muslim Arabs from South Lebanon. CDE was, according to Forbes, the third largest commercial city in the world between 1990 and 2002, the city is the headquarters of the company that operates the nearby Itaipu Dam. Smuggling is an occupation in the city, with some estimates putting the value of this black market at five times the national economy. Some military and intelligence agencies state that there are terrorist organizations in the area, guarani International Airport, located in the suburb city of Minga Guazú, connects the city with other South American destinations. Banco Unión, 3º piso, Oficina 20 Peru – Honorary Consulate, Km 4 ½, Monday, B° Bernardino Caballero Slovakia – Honorary Consulate, Calle Boquerón 310, Edif. 11 de Septiembre 399 Republic of China – Consulate General, Avda. de Lago s/n Barrio Boquerón CP131 Turkey – Honorary Consulate, ubicated near the Estadio Antonio Oddone Sarubbi of the Club Atlético 3 de Febrero, Avda. Bernardino Caballero e/ Cerro León INTERPOL – The city counts with an office of Interpol
7.
Security
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Security is the degree of resistance to, or protection from, harm. It applies to any vulnerable and/or valuable asset, such as a person, dwelling, community, item, nation, or organization. As noted by the Institute for Security and Open Methodologies in the OSSTMM3 and these separations are generically called controls, and sometimes include changes to the asset or the threat. Security is said to have two dialogues, negative dialogue is about danger, risk, threat, etc. Positive dialogue is about opportunities, interests, profits, etc, negative dialogue needs military equipment, armies, or police. Positive dialogue needs social capital, education, or social interaction, perception of security may be poorly mapped to measurable objective security. For example, the fear of earthquakes has been reported to be more common than the fear of slipping on the floor although the latter kills many more people than the former. Similarly, the effectiveness of security measures is sometimes different from the actual security provided by those measures. The presence of security protections may even be taken for the safety itself, for example, two computer security programs could be interfering with each other and even canceling each others effect, while the owner believes they are getting double the protection. Security theater is a term for deployment of measures primarily aimed at raising subjective security without a genuine or commensurate concern for the effects of that action on real safety. Since some intruders will decide not to attempt to break into such areas or vehicles, without such advertisement, an intruder might, for example, approach a car, break the window, and then flee in response to an alarm being triggered. Either way, perhaps the car itself and the objects inside arent stolen, there is an immense literature on the analysis and categorization of security. Part of the reason for this is that, in most security systems, the situation is asymmetric since the defender must cover all points of attack while the attacker need only identify a single weak point upon which to concentrate. It includes physical security to prevent theft of equipment and information security to protect the data on that equipment, today there is a greater recognition of the interconnected nature of security requirements, an approach variously known as holistic security, all hazards management, and other terms. Inciting factors in the convergence of security include the development of digital video surveillance technologies. In 2007 the International Organisation for Standardization released ISO28000 - Security Management Systems for the supply chain, ISO28000 is the foremost risk based security system and is suitable for managing both public and private regulatory security, customs and industry based security schemes and requirements
8.
Chairman
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The chairman is the highest officer of an organized group such as a board, a committee, or a deliberative assembly. The person holding the office is elected or appointed by the members of the group. The chair presides over meetings of the group and conducts its business in an orderly fashion. When the group is not in session, the officers duties include acting as its head, its representative to the outside world. In some organizations, this position is called president, in others, where a board appoints a president. Other terms sometimes used for the office and its holder include chair, chairperson, chairwoman, presiding officer, president, moderator, facilitator, the chairman of a parliamentary chamber is often called the speaker. The term chair is used in lieu of chairman, in response to criticisms that using chairman is sexist. In his 1992 State of the Union address, then-U. S, president George H. W. Bush used chairman for men and chair for women. A1994 Canadian study found the Toronto Star newspaper referring to most presiding men as chairman, the Chronicle of Higher Education uses chairman for men and chairperson for women. An analysis of the British National Corpus found chairman used 1,142 times, chairperson 130 times, the National Association of Parliamentarians does not approve using chairperson. In World Schools Style debating, male chairs are called Mr. Chairman, the FranklinCovey Style Guide for Business and Technical Communication, as well as the American Psychological Association style guide, advocate using chair or chairperson, rather than chairman. The Oxford Dictionary of American Usage and Style suggests that the forms are gaining ground. It advocates using chair to refer both to men and to women, the word chair can refer to the place from which the holder of the office presides, whether on a chair, at a lectern, or elsewhere. During meetings, the person presiding is said to be in the chair and is referred to as the chair. Major dictionaries state that the word derives from chair and man, some authorities, however, including Riddicks Rules of Procedure, suggest that the second part of chairman derives from the Latin manus, and thus claim gender-neutrality for the word. Vladimir Lenin, for example, officially functioned as the head of Soviet Russia not as tsar or as president, note in particular the popular standard method for referring to Mao Zedong, Chairman Mao. In the absence of the chairman and vice chairman, groups sometimes elect a chairman pro tempore to fill the role for a single meeting. In some organizations that have titles, deputy chairman ranks higher than vice chairman, as there are often multiple vice chairs
9.
Cash-in-transit
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Cash-in-transit or Cash/valuables-in-transit is the physical transfer of banknotes, coins, credit cards and items of value from one location to another. The locations include cash centers and bank branches, ATM points, large retailers and other premises holding large amounts of such as ticket vending machines. Many cash in transit companies are private security companies that offer cash handling as part of their services, Loomis is today the only major CIT business that is fully dedicated to cash handling after the split from Securitas. Brinks spun off its home security division setting the focus as well on cash handling, by law, the CIT companies are seen as logistic companies in the private security industry and therefore have to comply with transport and security legislation. In some countries, the transportation of cash has its own legislation, the CIT industry is regulated by national, regional and local legislation, social regulations and current practices. Responsible authorities are usually the Ministry of the Interior, the Ministry of Justice, legislation and regulations may impose requirements and restrictions on use of firearms, types of vehicles, minimum number of crew members, and use of Intelligent Banknote Neutralisation Systems. CIT services can be carried out in soft-skinned, semi-armoured or armoured vehicles, the use of soft-skinned vehicles is normally only allowed when alternative security methods, such as Intelligent Banknote Neutralisation Systems, IBNS, are also used. Security cases containing IBNS are provided by companies as StrongPoint Cash Security, such CIT is commonly referred to as “Light CIT”. Inside CIT, the companies are specialized in the transportation and processing of cash and valuables and they transport banknotes, coins, bulk cash, diamonds, non-personalised smart cards, non-personalised passports and other valuables. That is why, in countries, the service was renamed Asset handling or Asset-in-transit. Cash processing is an industrial process far removed from traditional banking activities, the internal organization of cash handling within banks is often obsolete and inefficient, inherited from old bank organizations and further complicated by mergers, acquisitions and restructuring. This has led the majority of banks to opt for the outsourcing of wholesale cash processing, banks pursue several objectives when they choose to externalize their cash processing, Cut costs by streamlining processing structures and implementing higher throughput sorters. Achieve economies of scale thanks to larger and more efficient cash centres, reduce investments required by an increasingly capital-intensive industry. Reduce the risks associated with cash, there are on the other hand inherent difficulties associated with outsourcing. One of them is the loss of control and the reliance on external providers, in some cases, banks no longer have the know-how in relation to cash handling. Cash processing has evolved from an intensive activity focused on the transportation of cash to a capital-intensive industry offering end-to end solutions. Transport no longer constitutes the value added in the business but continues to structure the organization, the CIT’s footprint remains a key factor of selection by banks and retailers. The industry is divided into the following activities, Processing ATM servicing CITs are attempting to move away from this product oriented organization to customized sourcing models
10.
Chubb Security
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Chubb Fire & Security is a British, American-owned fire and security business. It is owned by American company United Technologies Corporation, the Company was founded by Charles and Jeremiah Chubb, who patented their Chubb detector lock in 1818. The Company won a government competition for a lock which could not be opened other than by its own key, in the 1800s, Chubb gained some important customers such as the Duke of Wellington and the Bank of England. Over the next 100 years the company turned out more than 2. 5m locks, after World War II, Chubb expanded its operations in 17 countries. From being a company manufacturing specialized security products it turned into a broad based group of companies covering not only many aspects of security. The company went on to acquire a number of firms including Chatwood-Milner Ltd. Burgot Alarms Ltd and Rely-a-Bell, Read and Campbell Limited, Josiah Parkes and Sons Ltd. and it was bought by Racal Electronics in 1984 from which it was demerged in 1992 before being acquired by Williams Holdings in 1997 as the latter company sought to build a security-focused conglomerate. Chubb was again demerged in 2000, in 2000 Chubb sold Chubb Locks, its lock and safe-making unit, to Assa Abloy and concentrated on security systems such as door access and CCTV systems. In 2002 Chubb held intensive acquisitions talks with Sweden-based Securitas AB, after 18 months of negotiations, the talks were called off on the grounds that the deal would not be financially attractive to either companys shareholders. In 2003 Chubb was acquired for £622m by United Technologies Corporation, in 2007 UTC bought Initial Fire and Security, the security arm of Rentokil Initial and proceeded to merge the business and its assets with Chubb in UTC Fire & Security. In 2013, Chubbs Australian cash in transit business was sold to Prosegur, Chubb subsidiaries around the world now form an important part of the UTC Business & Industrial Systems Division
11.
Ticker symbol
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A ticker symbol or stock symbol is an abbreviation used to uniquely identify publicly traded shares of a particular stock on a particular stock market. A stock symbol may consist of letters, numbers or a combination of both, ticker symbol refers to the symbols that were printed on the ticker tape of a ticker tape machine. Stock symbols are unique identifiers assigned to each security traded on a particular market, for example, AAPL is for Apple Inc. OODH is for Orion DHC, Inc. and HD is for Home Depot, a stock symbol can consist of letters, numbers, or a combination of both, and is a way to uniquely identify that stock. The symbols were kept as short as possible to reduce the number of characters that had to be printed on the ticker tape, the allocation of symbols and formatting convention is specific to each stock exchange. In the US, for example, stock tickers are typically between 1 and 4 letters and represent the name where possible. In Europe, most exchanges use three-letter codes, for example Dutch consumer goods company Unilever traded on the Amsterdam Euronext exchange has the symbol UNA, while in Asia, numbers are often used as stock tickers to avoid issues for international investors when using non-Latin scripts. For example, the bank HSBCs stock traded on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange has the ticker symbol 0005, symbols sometimes change to reflect mergers. Prior to the 1999 merger with Mobil Oil, Exxon used a spelling of the company XON as its ticker symbol. The symbol of the firm after the merger was XOM, symbols are sometimes reused, in the US the single-letter symbols are particularly sought after as vanity symbols. For example, since Mar 2008 Visa Inc. has used the symbol V that had previously used by Vivendi which had delisted. To fully qualify a stock, both the ticker and the exchange or country of listing needs to be known, on many systems both must be specified to uniquely identify the security. This is often done by appending the location or exchange code to the ticker, although stock tickers identify a security, they are exchange dependent, generally limited to stocks and can change. These limitations have led to the development of other codes in financial markets to identify securities for settlement purposes, the most prevalent of these is the International Securities Identifying Number. An ISIN uniquely identifies a security and its structure is defined in ISO6166, Securities for which ISINs are issued include bonds, commercial paper, stocks, and warrants. The ISIN identifies the security, not the exchange on which it trades, for instance, Daimler AG stock trades on twenty-two different stock exchanges worldwide, and is priced in five different currencies, it has the same ISIN on each, though not the same ticker symbol. ISIN cannot specify a particular trade in this case, and another identifier, following the introduction of the Sequence trading platform in 1996, EPICs were renamed Tradable Instrument Display Mnemonics, but they are still widely referred to as EPICs. Stocks can also be identified using their SEDOL number or their ISIN, in the United States, modern letter-only ticker symbols were developed by Standard & Poors to bring a national standard to investing
12.
United Nations Global Compact
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The United Nations Global Compact is a United Nations initiative to encourage businesses worldwide to adopt sustainable and socially responsible policies, and to report on their implementation. The UN Global Compact is a framework for businesses, stating ten principles in the areas of human rights, labour. Under the Global Compact, companies are brought together with UN agencies, labour groups, Cities can join the Global Compact through the Cities Programme. Moving forward, The UN Global Compact and its signatories are deeply invested, the UN Global Compact was initially launched with nine Principles. Anti-Corruption Principle 10, Businesses should work against corruption in all its forms, including extortion, given recent climate talks and summits, the UN Global Compact stands to play a critical role in helping signatories and governments work in part to achieve the SDGs. The Global Compact also will periodically create resources and guides that business, the second Global Compact Leaders Summit, chaired by Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon, was held on 5–6 July 2007 at the Palais des Nations in Geneva, Switzerland. It adopted the Geneva Declaration on corporate responsibility, marking the 10th anniversary of the Global Compacts launch, the Global Compact Leaders Summit 2010 took place on 24–25 June 2010 in New York. In 2009 Rotary International partnered with the UN Global Compact and this was a very friendly partnership since Rotary International played a role in the chartering of the United Nations. The proposal was accepted, and the UN Global Compact - Cities Programme was launched in 2002 and it was formed as an urban-focused component of the Global Compact with its International Secretariat initially located in Melbourne, Australia. The aim of the programme is to improve life in cities throughout the world. Melbourne became the first city to engage the Global Compact in June 2001, there are, as of 2016, over 130 member cities in the programme. In April 2003, under the directorship of David Teller, a called the Melbourne Model was developed that went beyond the Ten Principles. In 2007, the Secretariat moved from the Committee For Melbourne to the Global Cities Institute at RMIT University, there, projects associated with city-based responses to global climate change and globalization became increasingly important. The Melbourne Model was further elaborated, with a sustainability indicators program developed as a way of assessing and monitoring progress, in 2012, the Circles of Sustainability method was elaborated to guide a city or urban region through a rigorous assessment process. As one of the outcomes it provides an image of the overall sustainability of that city to illustrate its strengths. The theme of the Urban Thinkers Campus was Ethical Cities, Locking in Liveability, Local networks of the Global Compact advance the initiative and its ten principles at a country level. Currently there are approximately 85 Local Networks in total and these networks help companies and non profit organizations understand what responsible business means within diverse national, cultural, and linguistic contexts. Local connections to supplement the international connections made by the Global Compact at large can help to broaden the engagement and it was formally incorporated in 2011. as the Global Compact Network Australia Limited, and elections were held for the inaugural board of directors
