Proto-Indo-European society
Proto-Indo-European society is the reconstructed culture of Proto-Indo-Europeans, the ancient speakers of the Proto-Indo-European language, ancestor of all modern Indo-European languages.
Early Indo-European migrations from the Pontic–Caspian steppe.
Bronze Age spread of Yamnaya Steppe pastoralist ancestry.
Yamnaya bone and canine ornaments.
Yamnaya bone and bronze arrowheads.
Proto-Indo-European language
Proto-Indo-European (PIE) is the reconstructed common ancestor of the Indo-European language family. No direct record of Proto-Indo-European exists; its proposed features have been derived by linguistic reconstruction from documented Indo-European languages.
Early Indo-European migrations from the Pontic steppes and across Central Asia according to the widely held Kurgan hypothesis