1.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
United States
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Native Americans meeting with Europeans, 1764
United States
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Flag
United States
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The signing of the
Mayflower Compact, 1620.
United States
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The
Declaration of Independence: the
Committee of Five presenting their draft to the
Second Continental Congress in 1776
2.
Rhode Island
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Rhode Island, officially the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. Rhode Island is the smallest in area, the eighth least populous, and its official name is also the longest of any state in the Union. Rhode Island is bordered by Connecticut to the west, Massachusetts to the north and east, the state also shares a short maritime border with New York. It boycotted the 1787 convention that drew up the United States Constitution, on May 29,1790, Rhode Island became the 13th and last state to ratify the Constitution. Rhode Islands official nickname is The Ocean State, a reference to the fact that the state has several large bays, Rhode Island covers 1,214 square miles, of which 1,045 square miles are land. Despite its name, most of Rhode Island is located on the mainland of the United States, the official name of the state is State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, which is derived from the merger of four settlements. Rhode Island is now commonly called Aquidneck Island, the largest of several islands in Narragansett Bay, Providence Plantation was the name of the colony founded by Roger Williams in the area now known as the city of Providence. This was adjoined by the settlement of Warwick, hence the plural Providence Plantations and it is unclear how Aquidneck Island came to be known as Rhode Island, although there are two popular theories. Explorer Giovanni da Verrazzano noted the presence of an island near the mouth of Narragansett Bay in 1524, subsequent European explorers were unable to precisely identify the island that Verrazzano had named, but the Pilgrims who later colonized the area assumed that it was Aquidneck. A second theory concerns the fact that Adriaen Block passed by Aquidneck during his expeditions in the 1610s, historians have theorized that this reddish appearance resulted from either red autumn foliage or red clay on portions of the shore. The earliest documented use of the name Rhode Island for Aquidneck was in 1637 by Roger Williams, the name was officially applied to the island in 1644 with these words, Aquethneck shall be henceforth called the Isle of Rodes or Rhode-Island. The name Isle of Rodes is used in a document as late as 1646. Dutch maps as early as 1659 call the island Red Island, Williams was a theologian forced out of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Seeking religious and political tolerance, he and others founded Providence Plantation as a proprietary colony. Providence referred to the concept of providence, and plantation was an English term for a colony. State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations is the longest official name of any state in the Union, advocates for excising plantation asserted that the word specifically referred to the British colonial practice of establishing settlements which disenfranchised native people. Advocates for retaining the name argued that plantation was simply an archaic English synonym for colony, the referendum election was held on November 2,2010, and the people voted overwhelmingly to retain the entire original name. It shares a maritime border with New York State between Block Island and Long Island
Rhode Island
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Verrazzano Monument, Providence, Rhode Island.
Rhode Island
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Flag
Rhode Island
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Terrain Map of Rhode Island
Rhode Island
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Shoreline in Newport, Rhode Island
3.
Providence County, Rhode Island
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Providence County is a county located in the U. S. state of Rhode Island. As of the 2010 census, the population was 626,667 and it is home to the state capital of Providence. Providence County is included in the Providence-Warwick, RI-MA Metropolitan Statistical Area, in 2010, the center of population of Rhode Island was located in Providence County, in the city of Cranston. Providence County was constituted on June 22,1703, as the County of Providence Plantations and it consisted of five towns, namely Providence, Warwick, Westerly, Kingstown, and Greenwich and encompassed territory in present-day Kent and Washington counties. Washington County was split off as Kings County in 1729, while Kent County was split off in 1750, County government in Rhode Island was abolished in 1842. Providence County, like other counties in Rhode Island, has no governmental functions, according to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 436 square miles, of which 410 square miles is land and 26 square miles is water. It is the largest of Rhode Islands five counties by land area, the Pawtuxet is dammed in the western part of the county to form the Scituate Reservoir, which supplies drinking water for Providence and surrounding communities. The highest natural point in the county and the state of Rhode Island is Jerimoth Hill at 812 feet, sea level is the lowest point. The population density was 1,504 people per square mile, there were 253,214 housing units at an average density of 613 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 78. 38% White,6. 55% Black or African American,0. 51% Native American,2. 90% Asian,0. 07% Pacific Islander,8. 02% from other races, and 3. 58% from two or more races. 13. 39% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,19. 0% were of Italian,10. 9% Irish,8. 1% French,7. 7% Portuguese,7. 2% French Canadian and 5. 8% English ancestry according to Census 2000. 72. 7% spoke English,13. 4% Spanish,4. 9% Portuguese,2. 5% French and 1. 6% Italian as their first language. 29. 80% of all households were made up of individuals and 11. 90% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 3.11. In the county, the population was out with 24. 00% under the age of 18,11. 10% from 18 to 24,29. 80% from 25 to 44,20. 50% from 45 to 64. The median age was 35 years, for every 100 females there were 91.80 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.90 males, the median income for a household in the county was $36,950, and the median income for a family was $46,694. Males had an income of $35,336 versus $26,322 for females. The per capita income for the county was $19,255, about 11. 90% of families and 15. 50% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22. 30% of those under age 18 and 12. 70% of those age 65 or over
Providence County, Rhode Island
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Providence County Courthouse
4.
Woonasquatucket River
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The Woonasquatucket River is a river in the U. S. state of Rhode Island. It flows approximately 15.8 miles and drains a watershed of 130 km2, together with the Blackstone River to the north, the Woonasquatucket was designated an American Heritage River in 1998. Both rivers played active roles in the revolution and the history of Rhode Island in the 19th century. Evidence of this history remains in the fact that there are 18 dams along the rivers length. The river begins in the swamps west of Primrose Pond in North Smithfield, the lower part of the river, below Rising Sun Dam in Olneyville is tidal. East of Interstate 95, the Woonasquatuckets original riverbed no longer exists and it has been diverted into a man-made channel underneath Providence Place Mall, in Waterplace Park, the Woonasquatucket River is also used as part of Waterfire. Below is a list of all crossings over the Woonasquatucket River, the list starts at the headwaters and goes downstream. S. The area now known as Federal Hill in Providence was an important meeting place along the river for bands of the Narragansett, known as Nocabulabet, this was a place where tribes gathered for trading and harvest festivals. Some believe it was used as a vantage point to watch for marauding tribes approaching from Narragansett Bay
Woonasquatucket River
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The Woonasquatucket River below Stillwater Reservoir in
Smithfield
Woonasquatucket River
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The Woonasquatucket River in the
Olneyville neighborhood of
Providence
Woonasquatucket River
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The Woonasquatucket River in downtown
Providence near its confluence with the
Moshassuck River
5.
Moshassuck River
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The Moshassuck River is a river in the U. S. state of Rhode Island. It flows 8.9 miles from the town of Lincoln to the city of Providence, there are six dams along the rivers length. In 1636 Roger Williams, founder of Rhode Island, settled on the east bank of the river and was told its name by the local Narragansett Indians, the name Moshassuck means river where moose watered. The river became important during the Industrial Revolution, powering numerous mills. Today it contains several buildings, such as the Fletcher Building, now used for retail. Further north on the Moshassuck are the few remaining early-and-late nineteenth-century buildings of the Allen Printworks, in Pawtucket along the river are the remaining structures of the Hope Webbing Company and the Lorraine Mills. The first cleanup attempt on the river was started in 1897 by building sewers, during the twentieth century, the river steadily lost its functions as an industrial and transportation artery. When Interstate 95 was constructed during the 1960s, a ¾ mile section of the river was paved over, the Moshassucks source is an unnamed pond within the Lime Rock Preserve in Lincoln, Rhode Island, north and west of the intersection of Wilbur Road and Route 146. It flows southeastward through Lincoln and Pawtucket toward Providence, entering the city just east of Interstate 95 and it then proceeds southward to converge with the Woonasquatucket River in Waterplace Park to form the Providence River. Below is a list of all crossings over the Moshassuck River, the list starts at the headwaters and goes downstream. List of rivers in Rhode Island Our Rivers from the Narragansett Bay Commission, water Use and Availability in the Woonasquatucket and Moshassuck River Basins, North-Central Rhode Island, by Mark T. Nimiroski and Emily C
Moshassuck River
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The Moshassuck River at the North Burial Ground in
Providence. View is downstream as the river is about to head into a concrete channel underneath
Interstate 95.
Moshassuck River
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Moshassuck River near Charles Street, Providence
Moshassuck River
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Moshassuck River in October 2008.
6.
River mouth
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A river mouth is the part of a river where the river flows into a larger river, a lake, a reservoir or an ocean. The water from a river can enter the body in a variety of different ways. The motion of the river mainly depends on the density of the river compared to the receiving water and any ambient motion in the receiving water. If the river water is denser than the surface of the receiving water, the river water will then either form an underflow or an interflow within the lake. Alongside these advective transports, inflowing water will also diffuse, at the mouth of a river, the change in flow condition can cause the river to drop any sediment it is carrying. This sediment deposition can generate a variety of landforms, such as deltas, sand bars, spits, many places in England take their names from their positions at the mouths of rivers, for example Plymouth, Sidmouth and Great Yarmouth. Confluence River delta Estuary Liman Aber and Inver
River mouth
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A river mouth
7.
Narragansett Bay
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Narragansett Bay is a bay and estuary on the north side of Rhode Island Sound covering 147 mi2,120.5 mi2 in Rhode Island. The Bay forms New Englands largest estuary, which functions as a natural harbor. Small parts of it extend into Massachusetts, there are more than 30 islands in the Bay, the three largest ones are Aquidneck Island, Conanicut Island, and Prudence Island. Bodies of water that are part of Narragansett Bay include the Sakonnet River, Mount Hope Bay, the bay opens on Rhode Island Sound and the Atlantic Ocean, Block Island lies less than 20 miles southwest of its opening. Narragansett Bay can be seen in NOAA chart 13221 Providence, the Rhode Island state capital and largest city, many of Providences suburbs, including Warwick and Cranston, are also on the bay. The city of Fall River, Massachusetts is located at the confluence of the Taunton River and Mount Hope Bay, the southwest side of the bay include the seaside tourist towns of Narragansett and Wickford. Quonset Point, south of Warwick, gives its name to the Quonset hut, Roger Williams University is located in Bristol, Rhode Island on land overlooking the Bay. Narragansett Bay comprises an area of about 4836 square kilometers, the Blackstone and Taunton provide the highest volume of mean, annual freshwater flow into the watershed. River water inflow has a seasonal variability, with the highest flow in the spring, the bay is a drowned river valley estuary which is composed of three ancient river valleys, the Sakonnet River, the East Passage and the West Passage. The bathymetry varies greatly between the three passages, with the depths of the East, West and Sakonnet River passages being 37 m,10 m and 7.5 m respectively. The present shape of Narragansett Bay is instead the result of the most recent glaciation of New England, under the edges of the Laurentide ice sheet at the Last Glacial Maximum, about 18,000 B. P. Sea level was lowered so much that the shelf was exposed, under its weight of ice. Glaciers flowing through an old sedimentary basin carved channels through the younger sediments. As the ice stalled, then retreated, the region became ice-free by about 14,000 B. P, a complicated sequence of marine ingression and isostatic rebound flooded and emptied the landscape. Then salt water filled the valley, as rising sea levels flooded the area. Tides in the watershed are measured at 6 stations, Providence, Fall River, Quonset Point, Conimicut Light, Prudence Island, tides are measured with pressure-sensing tide gauges. In shallow water, sound waves are used to measure water height by measuring the travel time of the waves. In deeper water, tides are measured with pressure-sensing tide gauges that are placed on the floor to measure water height
Narragansett Bay
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Narragansett Bay, boxed in red, in relation to
Rhode Island
Narragansett Bay
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Providence, at the head of the Narragansett Bay
Narragansett Bay
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Fall River, at the Northeast part of the Bay
Narragansett Bay
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In the bay, off the coast of Newport, Rhode Island,
Rose island allegedly attributes its name to the rose shape the landmass exhibits during the region's low tides.
8.
Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
Geographic coordinate system
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Longitude lines are perpendicular and latitude lines are parallel to the equator.
9.
Fox Point Hurricane Barrier
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The Fox Point Hurricane Barrier is a 3, 000-foot long tidal flood barrier spanning the Providence River in Providence, Rhode Island, located 750 feet upstream from Fox Point. It was constructed between 1960 and 1966 to protect the downtown area of the city from damaging storm surge and floods associated with hurricanes. Since colonial times, the port of Providence, located at the head of Narragansett Bay, has been a part of the citys economy. Ocean-going ships regularly dock along the waterfront just south of downtown. During the 19th century, the city became a leader in industrial output. The downtown area is located in a natural basin with an elevation of only 8–12 feet above mean sea level. In September 1938, the Great New England Hurricane slammed the coast of Southern New England, killing 250 people in the region, downtown Providence, a bustling center of commerce was entirely submerged under water, causing about $120 million in damage in the city alone. Again in 1954, the area was hit by Hurricane Carol, causing a storm surge as high as 8 feet in some areas, local, state and federal officials decided to take action to prevent future devastation. Construction of the barrier was authorized in 1958 under the Flood Control Act, the $16 million wall has never seen a Category 5 hurricane, but has successfully protected the city in every instance since its construction. Constructed between 1960 and 1966 at a cost of $14 million, the barrier was the first of its type to be approved for construction in the United States. The main feature of the barrier is a group of three large movable gates which span the river, allowing boats to pass through during normal periods. Each of the three Tainter gates is 40 feet wide and weighs 53 tons with an outer portion facing the tide. It takes about 30 minutes to each gate. The relatively narrow gates prohibit large ships from passing into the inner harbor as they did in the 19th century. However, modern ocean-going vessels now dock at the Port of Providence, the inner harbor is now generally occupied by only small pleasure craft during the summer months. The original dike located along the shore has been removed and replaced with vertical concrete walls as part of the construction of the new embankment for the Interstate 195 relocation. Three sets of huge steel gates are located under the newly constructed portion of Interstate 195, east of the Providence River Bridge, at South Water, South Main. On the west shore, vehicular gates are located at Allens Avenue as well as on the property of the Manchester Street Power Plant, the gates are normally in the open position to allow traffic to pass through, but are closed to provide a continuous barrier during emergency events
Fox Point Hurricane Barrier
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Fox Point Hurricane Barrier Gates with Providence River Bridge directly behind
Fox Point Hurricane Barrier
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Providence River with Fox Point Hurricane Barrier. The Providence River bridge is just downstream, but not connected to the barrier. The Manchester Street Power Station is on the right.
10.
Providence, Rhode Island
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Providence is the capital of and most populous city in the U. S. state of Rhode Island, founded in 1636, and one of the oldest cities in the United States. It is located in Providence County and is the third most populous city in New England, after Boston, Providence has a city population of 179,154, it is also part of the Providence metropolitan area which extends into southern Massachusetts. The Providence metropolitan area has an population of 1,604,291. This can be considered, in turn, to be part of the Greater Boston commuting area, Providence was founded by Roger Williams, a religious exile from the Massachusetts Bay Colony. He named the area in honor of Gods merciful Providence, which he believed was responsible for revealing such a haven for him, the city is situated at the mouth of the Providence River at the head of Narragansett Bay. Providence was one of the first cities in the country to industrialize and became noted for its tool, jewelry. The city was nicknamed the Beehive of Industry, it began rebranding itself as the Creative Capital in 2009 to emphasize its educational resources. The area that is now Providence was first settled in June 1636 by Roger Williams and was one of the original Thirteen Colonies of the United States, Williams and his company felt compelled to withdraw from Massachusetts Bay Colony. Providence quickly became a refuge for persecuted religious dissenters, as Williams himself had been exiled from Massachusetts, Providence residents were among the first Patriots to spill blood in the leadup to the American Revolution during the Gaspée Affair of 1772. Rhode Island was the first of the thirteen colonies to renounce its allegiance to the British Crown on May 4,1776. It was also the last of the thirteen colonies to ratify the United States Constitution on May 29,1790, following the war, Providence was the countrys ninth-largest city with 7,614 people. The economy shifted from maritime endeavors to manufacturing, in particular machinery, tools, silverware, jewelry, by the start of the 20th century, Providence boasted some of the largest manufacturing plants in the country, including Brown & Sharpe, Nicholson File, and Gorham Silverware. Providence residents ratified a city charter in 1831 as the population passed 17,000. From its incorporation as a city in 1832 until 1878, the seat of city government was located in the Market House, located in Market Square, the city offices quickly outgrew this building, and the City Council resolved to create a permanent municipal building in 1845. The city offices moved into the City Hall in 1878, during the Civil War, local politics split over slavery as many had ties to Southern cotton. Despite ambivalence concerning the war, the number of military volunteers routinely exceeded quota, by the early 1900s, Providence was one of the wealthiest cities in the United States. Immigrant labor powered one of the nations largest industrial manufacturing centers, Providence was a major manufacturer of industrial products from steam engines to precision tools to silverware, screws, and textiles. From 1975 until 1982, $606 million of local and national Community Development funds were invested throughout the city.4 million ft² Providence Place Mall, despite new investment, poverty remains an entrenched problem as it does in most post-industrial New England cities
Providence, Rhode Island
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From top left:
Downtown Providence skyline and the
Providence River from the
Point Street Bridge,
Federal Hill,
University Hall at
Brown University,
Roger Williams Park, the
First Baptist Church in America,
WaterFire at
Waterplace Park, and the
Rhode Island State House.
Providence, Rhode Island
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First Baptist Church in America, founded 1638, present building occupied in 1776, is the oldest Baptist congregation in America
Providence, Rhode Island
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Providence in the mid-nineteenth century
Providence, Rhode Island
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Market Square was the center of civic life in the 19th Century, and
Market House was home to the city council before
City Hall was built.
11.
Dredging
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Dredging is an excavation activity usually carried out underwater, in shallow seas or freshwater areas with the purpose of gathering up bottom sediments and disposing of them at a different location. This technique is used to keep waterways navigable. It is also used as a way to replenish sand on some public beaches, fishing dredges are used as a technique for catching certain species of edible clams and crabs. Capital, dredging carried out to create a new harbor, berth or waterway, preparatory, work and excavation for future bridges, piers or docks/wharves, often connected with foundation work. This is often carried out with a trailing suction hopper dredge, most dredging is for this purpose, and it may also be done to maintain the holding capacity of reservoirs or lakes. Land reclamation, dredging to mine sand, clay or rock from the seabed and this is typically performed by a cutter-suction dredge or trailing suction hopper dredge. The material may also be used for flood or erosion control, beach nourishment, mining sand offshore and placing on a beach to replace sand eroded by storms or wave action. This is done to enhance the recreational and protective function of the beaches and this is typically performed by a cutter-suction dredge or trailing suction hopper dredge. Harvesting materials, dredging sediment for elements like gold, diamonds or other valuable trace substances, seabed mining, a possible future use, recovering natural metal ore nodules from the seas abyssal plains. Construction materials, dredging sand and gravels from offshore licensed areas for use in construction industry, very specialist industry focused in NW Europe using specialized trailing suction hopper dredgers self discharging dry cargo ashore. Anti-eutrophication, Dredging is an option for the remediation of eutrophied water bodies. Contaminant remediation, to areas affected by chemical spills, storm water surges. Disposal becomes a large factor in these operations. Removing trash and debris, often done in combination with maintenance dredging, flood prevention, this can help to increase channel depth and therefore increase a channels capacity for carrying water. This tradition has now more or less obsolete and the tools used to do this have also changed significantly. Oyster dredging or harvesting, in Louisiana and other states with salt water estuaries that can sustain bottom oyster beds. A heavy metal rectangular scoop device is towed astern of a boat with a chain bridle attached to a cable. The device is periodically hauled aboard and the oysters in it are sorted and bagged for shipment to a processing facility
Dredging
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The Geopotes 14 lifting its boom on a canal in The Netherlands. (gēopotēs is Greek for "that which drinks earth")
Dredging
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A grab dredge
Dredging
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Clamshell dredging in process in
Port Canaveral,
Florida
Dredging
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Steam dredger Bertha, built 1844, on a demonstration run in 1982
12.
Adriaen Block
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He is credited with being the first European to enter Long Island Sound and the Connecticut River and to determine that Manhattan and Long Island are islands. Though spending much of his time at sea, Block called Amsterdam his home, there, on October 26,1603, he married Neeltje Hendricks van Gelder, with whom he would have five children between 1607 and 1615. In 1606 they moved into a house called De Twee Bontecraijen on Amsterdams Oude Waal street, in the 1590s, Block already was active in the shipping trade, transporting wood from Northern Europe to deforested Spain. He is for example mentioned delivering Norwegian wood in April 1596 in Bilbao, from there he headed for Ribadeo to buy goods for Cádiz. In April 1601, he was part of a convoy of ships leaving Amsterdam for the Dutch East Indies, at that time probably as far as the Moluccas, returning home in 1603. In the spring of 1604, after delivering goods in Liguria and this trade fell through, and he headed home to Amsterdam. Passing Lisbon, he came upon a Lübeck-based ship returning from a trip to Brazil and he had written permission from Dutch authorities to capture enemy ships, which he put to use, taking the ship and its load to Amsterdam. Though the ship and some of its goods were returned to its owners, Block made a lot of money, cornelis Rijser, successfully returned in the St. It took about ten weeks to sail to New Netherland, sometimes longer, in 1613, he made a fourth voyage to the lower Hudson in the Tyger accompanied by several other ships especially equipped for trading. While moored along southern Manhattan, the Tyger was accidentally destroyed by fire, over the winter, he and his men, with help from the Lenape, built the 44. 5-foot ship 16-ton Onrust. In this later ship, he explored the East River and was the first known European to navigate the Hellegat and to enter Long Island Sound. Travelling along Long Island Sound, he entered the Housatonic River and the Connecticut River, leaving Long Island Sound, he charted Block Island, which is named for him and Narragansett Bay, where he possibly named Roode Eylandt after the red color of its soil. On Cape Cod, he rendezvoused with one of the ships of the expedition. Block set up colonies in Connecticut, one of the first is present day Windsor. The life was hard, as it was settled in the winter as a result of the Connecticut river turning to ice, Block sailed up the Connecticut River, and originally created the Dutch base that later became Hartford. He is credited with naming Fishers Island after a shipmate, Fishers Island is today part of New York rather than Connecticut. Upon returning, Block compiled a map of his voyage together with information of the time. The Block map was the first to apply the name New Netherland to the area between English Virginia and French Canada, as well as the first to show Long Island as an island
Adriaen Block
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Block's map of his 1614 voyage, with the first appearance of the term "New Netherland"
Adriaen Block
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Replica of the Onrust. Docked in Manhattan.
13.
New England
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New England is a geographical region comprising six states of the northeast United States, Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont. It is bordered by the state of New York to the west and south, the Atlantic Ocean is to the east and southeast, and Long Island Sound is to the south. Its largest metropolitan area is Greater Boston, which also includes Worcester, Manchester, ten years later, more Puritans settled north of Plymouth Colony in Boston, thus forming Massachusetts Bay Colony. Over the next 126 years, people in the region fought in four French and Indian Wars, until the British and their Iroquois allies defeated the French and their Algonquin allies in North America. In 1692, the town of Salem, Massachusetts and surrounding areas experienced one of the most infamous cases of hysteria in the history of the Western Hemisphere. The Boston Tea Party was a protest to which Britain responded with a series of punitive laws stripping Massachusetts of self-government, the confrontation led to the first battles of the American Revolutionary War in 1775, and the expulsion of the British authorities from the region in spring 1776. Each state is subdivided into small incorporated municipalities known as towns. The only unincorporated areas in the region exist in the populated northern regions of Vermont, New Hampshire. The region is one of the U. S. Census Bureaus nine regional divisions, the earliest known inhabitants of New England were American Indians who spoke a variety of the Eastern Algonquian languages. Prominent tribes included the Abenaki, Mikmaq, Penobscot, Pequot, Mohegans, Narragansett Indians, Pocumtuck, prior to the arrival of Europeans, the Western Abenakis inhabited New Hampshire, New York, and Vermont, as well as parts of Quebec and western Maine. Their principal town was Norridgewock in present-day Maine, the Penobscot lived along the Penobscot River in Maine. The Narragansett and smaller tribes under Narragansett sovereignty lived in most of modern-day Rhode Island, west of Narragansett Bay, the Wampanoag occupied southeastern Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and the islands of Marthas Vineyard and Nantucket. The Pocumtucks lived in Western Massachusetts, and the Mohegan and Pequot tribes in the Connecticut region, the Connecticut River Valley includes parts of Vermont, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, and Connecticut, and linked different indigenous communities culturally, linguistically, and politically. As early as 1600, French, Dutch, and English traders began exploring the New World, trading metal, glass, on April 10,1606, King James I of England issued a charter for each of the Virginia Companies, London and Plymouth. These were privately funded ventures, intended to land for England, conduct trade. In 1620, Plymouth in present-day Massachusetts was settled by Pilgrims from the Mayflower, in 1616, English explorer John Smith named the region New England. As the first colonists arrived in Plymouth, they wrote and signed the Mayflower Compact, the Massachusetts Bay Colony came to dominate the area and was established by royal charter in 1629 with its major town and port of Boston established in 1630. Massachusetts Puritans began to settle in Connecticut as early as 1633, roger Williams was banished from Massachusetts for heresy, led a group south, and founded Providence Plantation in the area that became the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations in 1636
New England
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Clockwise from top: skyline of Boston, Massachusetts financial district at night; a building of Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut; a view from Nubble Light on Cape Neddick, Maine; view from Mount Mansfield, Vermont; and a fisherman on Cape Cod, Massachusetts.
New England
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Emblem
New England
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Title page of John Smith's
A Description of New England (1616)
New England
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An early English map of New England, c. 1670, depicts the area around modern
Portsmouth, New Hampshire.
14.
New Netherland
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New Netherland was a 17th-century colonial province of the Seven United Netherlands that was located on the East Coast of North America. The colony was conceived as a business venture to exploit the North American fur trade. The settlement of New Sweden encroached on its flank, while its northern border was re-drawn to accommodate an expanding New England. During the 1650s, the colony experienced dramatic growth and became a port for trade in the North Atlantic. The surrender of Fort Amsterdam to England in 1664 was formalized in 1667, in 1673, the Dutch re-took the area but relinquished it under the Second Treaty of Westminster ending the Third Anglo-Dutch War the next year. The inhabitants of New Netherland were Native Americans, Europeans, and Africans, descendants of the original settlers played a prominent role in colonial America. For two centuries, New Netherland Dutch culture characterized the region, during the 17th century, Europe was undergoing expansive social, cultural, and economic growth, known as the Dutch Golden Age in the Netherlands. Nations vied for domination of trade routes around the globe. Simultaneously, philosophical and theological conflicts were manifested in military battles across the continent, the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands had become a home to many intellectuals, international businessmen, and religious refugees. He was turned back by the ice of the Arctic in his second attempt and he ended up exploring the waters off the east coast of North America aboard the vlieboot Halve Maen. His first landfall was at Newfoundland and the second at Cape Cod, Hudson believed that the passage to the Pacific ocean was between the St. Lawrence River and Chesapeake Bay, so he sailed south to the Bay then turned northward, traveling close along the shore. He first discovered Delaware Bay and began to sail upriver looking for the passage and this effort was foiled by sandy shoals, and the Halve Maen continued north. After passing Sandy Hook, Hudson and his crew entered the narrows into the Upper New York Bay, Hudson believed that he had found the continental water route, so he sailed up the major river which later bore his name, the Hudson. He found the water too shallow to proceed several days later, at the site of present-day Troy and his report was first published in 1611 by Emanuel Van Meteren, an Antwerp émigré and the Dutch Consul at London. This stimulated interest in exploiting this new resource, and it was the catalyst for Dutch merchant-traders to fund more expeditions. Flemish Lutheran émigré merchants such as Arnout Vogels sent the first follow-up voyages to exploit this discovery as early as July 1610. In 1611–1612, the Admiralty of Amsterdam sent two expeditions to find a passage to China with the yachts Craen and Vos, captained by Jan Cornelisz Mey and Symon Willemsz Cat. The results of explorations, surveys, and charts made from 1609 through 1614 were consolidated in Block’s map
New Netherland
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New Netherland map published by
Nicolaes Visscher II (1649-1702)
New Netherland
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Flag
New Netherland
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Map based on
Adriaen Block 's 1614 expedition to New Netherland, featuring the first use of the name
New Netherland
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The
West India House in
Amsterdam, headquarters of the Dutch West India Company from 1623 to 1647
15.
Seekonk River
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The Seekonk River is a tidal extension of the Providence River in the U. S. state of Rhode Island. Most historical scholars agree that the name is derived from two Native American words, sucki and honc, the River is listed by RIDEM as an impaired waterway. The river begins where the Blackstone River reaches sea level below Pawtucket Falls, from there it flows due south between Providence and East Providence, picks up flow from the Ten Mile River, and eventually flows into the Providence River between Bold Point and India Point. The Seekonk River is the northernmost point of Narragansett Bay tidewater, the Seekonk River is home to numerous fauna that either migrate to the bay at some point during the year or live there year-round. There are several species of fish, shellfish and crab that have been documented, birds include Loon, Cormorants, Herons, Gulls, Terns, Swans and Geese. Numerous flora also make the Seekonk River their home both on land and underwater, common aquatic vegetation includes grasses like spartina grass and phragmites in most high marsh areas and brown and green seaweed in the intertidal zone. Other vegetation that makes its home along the river include shrubs like rosa rugosa, various trees like the willow, oak, below is a list of all crossings over the Seekonk River. The list starts at the headwaters and goes downstream, Blackstone River Ten Mile River Bucklin Brook Butler Brook List of rivers in Rhode Island Green Jacket Shoal, a ship graveyard at the mouth of the river Maps from the United States Geological Survey
Seekonk River
–
Seekonk River at Providence, Rhode Island, with a view of the
Crook Point Bascule Bridge
Seekonk River
–
Islands
16.
Cranston, Rhode Island
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Cranston, once known as Pawtuxet, is a city in Providence County, Rhode Island, United States. With a population of 80,529 at the 2010 census, the center of population of Rhode Island is located in Cranston. Cranston is a part of the Providence metropolitan area, Cranston was named one of the 100 Best Places to Live in the United States by Money magazine in 2006. It is among the top 25 safest cities in the country, after losing much of its territory to neighboring towns and the city of Providence, Cranston itself became a city on 10 March 1910. Stephen Arnold, a brother-in-law of Rhodes and William Arnold, built a gristmill on the Pawtuxet falls, arnolds son, Benedict Arnold, became the first Governor of Rhode Island under the charter of 1663. After losing much of its territory to neighboring towns and the city of Providence over the nineteenth century, Cranston is located at 41°46′N 71°27′W. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 29.9 square miles. It is roughly three percent of Rhode Islands total land mass, bain Middle School Park View Middle School The population was 80,529 at the 2010 census. As of the census of 2000, there were 79,269 people,30,954 households, the population density was 2,774.6 persons per square mile. There were 32,068 housing units at a density of 1,122.5 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 89. 19% White,3. 69% African American,0. 30% Native American,3. 28% Asian,0. 04% Pacific Islander,1. 93% from other races, and 1. 57% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4. 56% of the population,29. 4% of all households were made up of individuals and 13. 1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.41 and the family size was 3.01. In the city the population was out with 21. 6% under the age of 18,7. 7% from 18 to 24,31. 5% from 25 to 44,22. 0% from 45 to 64. The median age was 39 years, for every 100 females there were 95.9 males. For every 100 females of age 18 or over, there were 92.8 males, the median income for a household in the city was $44,108, and the median income for a family was $55,241. Males had an income of $40,031 versus $28,279 for females. The per capita income for the city was $21,978
Cranston, Rhode Island
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Cranston in December 2008
Cranston, Rhode Island
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Seal
Cranston, Rhode Island
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"
Howard Prison " in Cranston, Rhode Island at the turn of the 20th century
Cranston, Rhode Island
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Islands
17.
Warwick, Rhode Island
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Warwick is a city in Kent County, Rhode Island, United States. It is the second largest city in the state, with a population of 82,672 at the 2010 census, the city of Warwick and T. F. Green Airport are located approximately 12 miles south of downtown Providence,63 miles southwest of Boston, Massachusetts and its mayor has been Scott Avedisian since 2000. Warwick was founded by Samuel Gorton in 1642 and has witnessed major events in American history and it was decimated during King Philips War and was the site of the Gaspee Affair, a significant prelude to the American Revolution. Warwick is also the home of revolutionary war general Nathanael Greene, George Washingtons second-in-command, Warwick is home to Rhode Islands main airport T. F. Green Airport, which serves the Providence area and also functions as a reliever for Logan International Airport in Boston, Massachusetts. It is also the home of the 43rd Military Police Brigade of the Rhode Island Army National Guard, Warwick was founded in 1642 by Samuel Gorton when Narragansett Indian Chief Sachem Miantonomi agreed to accept 144 fathoms of Wampum for what was known as The Shawhomett Purchase. This included the present day towns of Coventry and West Warwick, however, the purchase was not without dispute. The two sachems of the area, Sacononoco and Pumham, stated that Miantonomi had sold the land without asking for their approval and they took their case to Boston, where they placed their lands under Massachusetts rule. In 1643, Massachusetts Bay Colony sent a force to Shawomett to arrest Gorton. After a tense standoff, all but three of the Gortonists surrendered to the Massachusetts force and this event caused the other three settlements on Narragansett Bay to unite and get a royal charter allowing them to form the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations. In 1648, Gorton was granted a Charter by Robert Rich, 2nd Earl of Warwick, Lord Admiral, because of this, the name of the settlement was changed from Shawhomett to Warwick. Massachusetts continued to lay claim to the area, but it no further effort to enforce it. In 1772, Warwick was the scene of the first violent act against the Crown in what came to be called the Gaspee Affair. Local patriots mooned and then boarded the Gaspee, a revenue cutter charged with enforcing the Stamp Act 1765 and Townshend Acts in Narragansett Bay where smuggling was common. It was here that the first blood was spilled in the American Revolution when Gaspees commanding officer Lt. Dudingston was shot in his crotch while resisting the taking of his ship, the Gaspee was stripped of all cannon and arms before being torched. During the Revolution, Warwick militiamen participated in the battles of Montreal, Quebec, Saratoga, Monmouth, and Trenton, T. F. Green Airport is a station on the Providence/Stoughton Commuter Rail Line, providing weekday service to Providence Station and Bostons South Station. Warwick is located at 41°43′N 71°25′W, according to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 49.6 square miles, of which,35.5 square miles of it is land and 14.1 square miles of it is water. The following villages are located in Warwick, Warwick is officially a part of the Providence metropolitan area, as of the census of 2000, there were 85,808 people,35,517 households, and 22,979 families residing in the city
Warwick, Rhode Island
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Warwick City Hall
Warwick, Rhode Island
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The Knight Campus building of the
Community College of Rhode Island
Warwick, Rhode Island
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Islands
18.
East Providence, Rhode Island
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East Providence is a city in Providence County, Rhode Island, United States. The population was 47,037 at the 2010 census, making it the fifth largest city in the state, East Providence is located at 41°48′5″N 71°21′39″W. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 16.6 square miles. The following villages are located in East Providence, East Providence Center Riverside Rumford The Mayor is Thomas Rose, finally, in 1661, Plymouth completed the North Purchase from which Attleboro, North Attleboro, and Cumberland were later formed. Over the whole the authorities gave the name Rehoboth, the center of this large settlement, which is sometimes referred to as Old Rehoboth, is within the borders of modern East Providence. In 1812, the half of Old Rehoboth was set off as a separate township called Seekonk. Old Rehoboths town center now became the heart of Old Seekonk, finally, in 1862, the western part of Old Seekonk was ceded to Rhode Island and incorporated as East Providence. In decades preceding the Civil War, Watchemoket Point was little more than a farming and fishing area with perhaps a few hundred residents, Watchemoket was situated directly across from the thriving city of Providence and thus benefited from the expansion of that community. More importantly, two bridges across the Seekonk River gave easy access to Watchmemoket, perhaps the first businesses to come to Watchemoket were inns built to service the large numbers of people coming through. The residents of Watchemoket also had their own library by the early 1870s, at first the organizers named it Ladies Library Association, but in 1885 they changed the named to Watchemoket Free Public Library. Already the commercial and population center of East Providence, by the mid-1880s, the town hall was moved from Rumford to the heart of the community, so it was more accessible. They purchased a lot on Taunton Avenue for $11,500 and that same year the East Providence Police Department opened its headquarters in the town hall. Beginning around 1900 and continuing until the onset of the Depression in 1930, large numbers of Portuguese from Providence, Fall River, New Bedford, by 1905, there were over 400 Portuguese in the town, the third highest in the state. The Portuguese, like other groups, were drawn to East Providence primarily by the lure of jobs. Many employment opportunities were available in the Watchemoket area, where numerous immigrants settled, for some time after the incorporation of the town in 1862, the area around the old Ring of the Green was referred to as East Providence Center. The official town hall was located here until 1889, as were several churches, moreover, the village was the population center of East Providence, containing many farms and mills along the Ten Mile River. Many people migrated from East Providence Center to the new center at Watchemoket, from the time of the Wannamoisett purchase in 1645 to the Civil War, the shore land from Watchemoket to Bullocks Point had remained a sparsely settled fishing and farming area. When East Providence was incorporated, no more than a few hundred of its residents made the village their home
East Providence, Rhode Island
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World War I Memorial and Taunton Plaza
East Providence, Rhode Island
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Off Warren Ave. Connector in East Providence, facing the capital.
East Providence, Rhode Island
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A.B. Hennessey School on Fort Street
19.
Barrington, Rhode Island
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Barrington is a suburban, residential town in Bristol County, Rhode Island. As of the 2010 United States Census, the population was 16,310, located approximately 7 miles southeast of Providence, the town was founded by Congregationalist separatists from Swansea, Massachusetts. Following its incorporation in 1711, Barrington was ceded to Rhode Island and merged into Warren, Barrington was a sparsely developed, agricultural community until the arrival of brickmaking companies in the 1850s, which employed large numbers of French-Canadians and Italians. Along with the availability of the automobile, the baby boom furthered existing suburbanization trends. Schools were constructed throughout the 1950s to accommodate this population, three Barrington schools are National Blue Ribbon Schools, and its high school was ranked No.200 in the United States by Newsweek in 2014. Money noted the appeal of Barringtons high test scores and relative affordability, nine sites in Barrington are listed under the National Register of Historic Places, a listing of sites, buildings, and areas deemed worthy of preservation by the United States federal government. The land that comprises modern-day Barrington was originally occupied by the Wampanoags, the Narragansett term for the area, Sowams, is usually used to refer to this area. In 1653, investors from Plymouth Colony bought Sowams and Parts Adjacent from the Wampanoags, a territory corresponding to modern-day Barrington with portions of Bristol, Warren. Some areas in Barrington draw their name from the proprietors of this land, such as Princes Hill. Thomas Willett, another early proprietor, was responsible for the establishment of a Baptist church at Nockum Hill, religious differences between settlers of Sowams and the neighboring Wannamoissett and Rehoboth prompted the incorporation of Swansea in 1667. Baptist residents petitioned for separation from Swansea in 1711, and Barrington was incorporated as an independent town in 1717, Barrington likely received its name from Barrington, Somerset, the origin of several English settlers. Barrington was ceded to Rhode Island in 1747, and made a part of Warren, in 1770, its independence was restored by the Rhode Island legislature. Agriculture provided the basis for the economy in the following decades. Farmers typically cultivated grains, especially corn, rye, oats, many farmers planted fruit trees, some developing large orchards, as apple cider was an important commodity for trade. Farming significantly affected the landscape, separating large grassland fields with fencing. Religion continued to influence Barrington politics, the new Congregational Society was formally declared the towns religion, following Massachusetts custom. Until 1797, taxes supported the Congregational minister, who was employed by the town meeting, baptists and other religious groups were given the option of supporting their own meetings in 1728. In 1737, discussions regarding a relocation of the Congregational church proved divisive amongst the southern and northern portions of Barrington, the southern area was the historical center of town, hosting the Congregational church and buildings by the original Sowams proprietors
Barrington, Rhode Island
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Aerial view of Barrington in 2008
Barrington, Rhode Island
Barrington, Rhode Island
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Nayatt Point Lighthouse, ca. late 1800s
20.
Point Street Bridge
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The first bridge at this site was built in 1872. It consisted of a swing span 249 feet in length with two 145 feet shore spans, in 1907, each of the approach spans was divided into three plate-girder spans carried on new granite piers and abutments. However, funding was insufficient to replace the span, so its length was merely increased to 284 feet. The current bridge is the third at this site and it is also a swing bridge and was built by the Boston Bridge Works Inc. in 1927. The bridge is no longer moveable but fixed in place to allow Point Street traffic to cross and it was last swung open in 1959. A previous Point Street Bridge from the Providence Public Librarys Photostream Article containing a photograph of the previous Point Street Bridge from the Providence Journal
Point Street Bridge
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Point Street Bridge, spanning the Providence River
21.
Providence River Bridge
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The Iway is the $610 million project by the Rhode Island Department of Transportation to relocate the Interstate 195 and Interstate 95 intersection in Providence, Rhode Island. As of Spring 2013, all reconstruction and demolition is complete, the project freed up space in downtown Providence and the Jewelry District. Back in the 1980s, RIDOT reviewed many plans to deal with the section of I-195 in Providence. Along with having to complete repairs on one of the busiest stretches of highway in Rhode Island. The highway designed for 75,000 vehicles a day now carries more than 160,000 cars daily, the old design had other problems. As RIDOT worked on the Iway’s Environmental Impact Statement in the early 1990s, the EIS noted deteriorated bridges, substandard roadway alignments, sharp curves and substandard shoulder widths. RIDOT looked at three alternatives before choosing the one that was built, an alignment just to the north of the current highway was not selected as it would have corrected only the congestion and tight curves on I-195 itself. The plan outlines how the land occupied by the highway will be reused. Another idea that was considered was an alternative, one in which the existing alignment would be reconstructed. This would have addressed problems with deteriorated structures, but done nothing about the congestion, weaving conflicts, additionally, traffic would have been severely impacted during construction. Consideration of these choices led RIDOT to choose the alignment south of the Fox Point Hurricane Barrier, also, the redevelopment would complement other projects including the construction of Memorial Boulevard, Waterplace Park and the Riverwalk system, and the Capital Center projects. On November 4,2007, the new Iway bridge opened to traffic from I-95 north to I-195 east. Old exit 20 from I-95 north to I-195 east remained open for access to I-195 exits 1 and 2, I-195 exit 3 eastbound became accessible from new Iway bridge only. Five days later, a new onramp from Wickenden and Point Streets to I-195 east opened, on May 27,2008, the Friendship Street onramp to I-195 east closed, followed by the closure of the I-95 north exit 20 to old I-195 east, two days later. On June 13,2008, the Pine Street overpass over I-95 closed, on October 15,2008, the New India Point Park pedestrian bridge over I-195 opened, and on October 29,2008, a temporary ramp opened from Blackstone Street to I-95 south. On November 7,2008, the onramp from Broad Street to I-95 south closed, by December 6,2008, the new exit 20 from I-95 south to the new I-195 east opened, and the new onramp from Plain Street to I-195 east also opened. Then, the old I-195 eastbound roadway was closed, including all on, on June 18,2009, the new Iway bridge opened to westbound I-195 traffic to I-95 south, while the old I-195 west remained open to funnel traffic to I-95 north. All ramps to/from old I-195 west also remained open, on October 20,2009, the new Exit 20 from I-95 NB to Point Street opened, and two days later, the new ramps from the Iway bridge to I-95 north and Point Street opened
Providence River Bridge
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Downtown Providence and the East Side, September 2010. The rerouted 195 runs over the newly completed bridge at bottom, further away from the downtown core. The previous routing can still be seen running north and closer into the city. The missing section of the old 195, seen just right of the
Providence River, marks the beginning of the previous highway's demolition.
Providence River Bridge
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Providence River with Fox Point Hurricane Barrier. The Providence River bridge is just downstream, but not connected to the barrier. The Manchester Street Power Station is on the right.
Providence River Bridge
–
The view of the bridge from the east bound lanes facing west
Providence River Bridge
–
the west view of the approach ramps for I-195 (left) and the future right of way for 195 West
22.
Pawtuxet River
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The Pawtuxet River is a river in the U. S. state of Rhode Island. It flows 12.3 miles and drains a watershed of 231.6 square miles, there are four dams along the rivers length. The area around the river was occupied by members of the Patuxet tribe, in the native language, the word pawtuxet means little falls. In 1638, Roger Williams purchased the north of the Pawtuxet. In 1642, Samuel Gorton purchased the south of the river. The Pawtuxet River Valley played an important role in the development of the textile industry in New England during the 19th century. The river is formed by the confluence of North and South branches of the river at River Point village in West Warwick, from there the river continues roughly east, through West Warwick, Warwick and Cranston, emptying into the Providence River at Pawtuxet Village. The last three miles of the form the boundary between Cranston and Warwick. Below is a list of all crossings over the Pawtuxet River, the list starts at the headwaters and goes downstream, Three Ponds Brook and the Pocasset River are the Pawtuxet Rivers only named tributaries, though it has many unnamed streams that also feed it. The Pawtuxet River is impacted by cadmium, mercury, pathogens, low dissolved oxygen, the Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management has issued new discharge permits to the three major municipal wastewater treatment plants that discharge to the River. However, the Pawtuxet River Authority and Watershed Council is working with state and federal partners to evaluate fish passage alternatives for the first dam on the Pawtuxet, the Pawtuxet Falls Dam. Fish passage at this dam will open up 7.5 miles of spawning habitat above the dam on the stem of the river. The Scituate Reservoir on the North Branch of the Pawtuxet River provides over 60% of the supply to the State of Rhode Island. This water is supplied to almost all the other basins in Rhode Island including the Blackstone River, Ten Mile River, Moshassuck River, Woonasquatucket River, Narragansett Bay and the Westport River. About 22% of the public supply withdrawn from the Pawtuxet basin is returned to the basin. Some of the water exported out of the basin for drinking water returns to the Pawtuxet River as wastewater, in October 2005 remnants of Tropical Storm Tammy produced torrential rains over New England.68 feet. On March 15 and March 16,2010, the Pawtuxet River reached a new record flood level after receiving over three inches of rain on the 13th and 14th. The river crested at 15.2 feet in the evening of March 15, the river crested at 20.8 feet in the morning of March 31
Pawtuxet River
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Pawtuxet River at Pontiac Village
Pawtuxet River
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Pawtuxet River, 1886 engraving.
Pawtuxet River
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Islands
23.
United States Geological Survey
–
The United States Geological Survey is a scientific agency of the United States government. The scientists of the USGS study the landscape of the United States, its resources. The organization has four science disciplines, concerning biology, geography, geology. The USGS is a research organization with no regulatory responsibility. The USGS is a bureau of the United States Department of the Interior, the USGS employs approximately 8,670 people and is headquartered in Reston, Virginia. The USGS also has major offices near Lakewood, Colorado, at the Denver Federal Center, the current motto of the USGS, in use since August 1997, is science for a changing world. The agencys previous slogan, adopted on the occasion of its anniversary, was Earth Science in the Public Service. Prompted by a report from the National Academy of Sciences, the USGS was created, by a last-minute amendment and it was charged with the classification of the public lands, and examination of the geological structure, mineral resources, and products of the national domain. This task was driven by the need to inventory the vast lands added to the United States by the Louisiana Purchase in 1803, the legislation also provided that the Hayden, Powell, and Wheeler surveys be discontinued as of June 30,1879. Clarence King, the first director of USGS, assembled the new organization from disparate regional survey agencies, after a short tenure, King was succeeded in the directors chair by John Wesley Powell. Administratively, it is divided into a Headquarters unit and six Regional Units, Other specific programs include, Earthquake Hazards Program monitors earthquake activity worldwide. The National Earthquake Information Center in Golden, Colorado on the campus of the Colorado School of Mines detects the location, the USGS also runs or supports several regional monitoring networks in the United States under the umbrella of the Advanced National Seismic System. The USGS informs authorities, emergency responders, the media, and it also maintains long-term archives of earthquake data for scientific and engineering research. It also conducts and supports research on long-term seismic hazards, USGS has released the UCERF California earthquake forecast. The USGS National Geomagnetism Program monitors the magnetic field at magnetic observatories and distributes magnetometer data in real time, the USGS operates the streamgaging network for the United States, with over 7400 streamgages. Real-time streamflow data are available online, since 1962, the Astrogeology Research Program has been involved in global, lunar, and planetary exploration and mapping. USGS operates a number of related programs, notably the National Streamflow Information Program. USGS Water data is available from their National Water Information System database
United States Geological Survey
–
Clarence King, founder of the USGS
United States Geological Survey
–
Seal of the United States Geological Survey
United States Geological Survey
–
The USGS headquarters in
Reston, Virginia
United States Geological Survey
–
USGS gauging station 03221000 on the
Scioto River below
O'Shaughnessy Dam near
Dublin, Ohio
24.
Barrington River (Rhode Island)
–
The Barrington River is a tidal extension of Runnins River in the U. S. states of Rhode Island and Massachusetts. There are no dams along the rivers length and it has also historically been important for shellfishing and boating. Since May 1998, the river has been closed to fishing due to fecal coliform pollution. The river begins at Hundred Acre Cove which is fed to the north by Runnins River which is where the flows into Seekonk. The river then flows southeast to Barrington where it converges with the Warren River, below is a list of all crossings over the Barrington River. The list starts at the headwaters and goes downstream, great Blue Herons and Snowy Egrets dot the banks and landscape of the tidal marsh. List of rivers in Rhode Island Runnins River Maps from the United States Geological Survey
Barrington River (Rhode Island)
–
Barrington River
25.
Quaket River
–
The Quaket River is a tidal inlet, in the U. S. state of Rhode Island. It flows approximately 1 km from the mouth of Nannaquaket Pond into the Sakonnet River and it is located entirely within the town of Tiverton, Rhode Island. Nannaquaket Road in Tiverton is the crossing over the Quaket River. The Quaket River has no named tributaries, however Nannaquaket Pond is fed by Quaket Creek, Sin-and-Flesh Brook. List of rivers in Rhode Island Sakonnet River Maps from the United States Geological Survey
Quaket River
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View of Quaket River from Nanaquaket Bridge, Tiverton, Rhode Island
26.
Sakonnet River
–
The Sakonnet River is a tidal strait in the U. S. state of Rhode Island. It flows approximately 23 km between Mount Hope Bay and Rhode Island Sound and it separates Aquidneck Island from the eastern portion of Newport County. Below is a list of all crossings over the Sakonnet River, the list begins at the headwaters and goes downstream. Old Sakonnet River Bridge Replacement Sakonnet River Bridge, opened September 2012, stone Bridge Quaket River Sapowet Creek Almy Brook Little Creek List of rivers in Rhode Island Narragansett Bay Quaket River Maps from the United States Geological Survey
Sakonnet River
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View of Sakonnet River looking north from Tiverton
Sakonnet River
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The Sakonnet River as viewed from
Portsmouth, Rhode Island, looking south towards the
Atlantic Ocean.
Sakonnet River
–
Islands
27.
Pawcatuck River
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The Pawcatuck River is a river in the U. S. states of Rhode Island and Connecticut flowing approximately 34 miles. There are eight dams along the rivers length, the former USS Pawcatuck was named after the river. The river was specified as the boundary of the Rhode Island Colony in the original charter of 1636. It was formerly called the Charles River between its source and the mouth of the Wood River near Bradford, Rhode Island. On April 20,2006 an Atlantic white-sided dolphin swam several miles up the river to Westerly and it spent several hours at Westerly-Pawcatuck, near the bridge connecting Rhode Island and Connecticut, while several hundred spectators gathered to see it. According to authorities at the Mystic Aquarium and Institute for Exploration and it was captured and taken later that night to the aquarium, where it died, it had become sick, underweight, and bruised during its journey upriver. The Pawcatuck River flooded during a rainstorm in New England on March 29,2010. Both towns evacuated low-lying areas and lost some buildings to flood damage. The bridge in downtown Westerly-Pawcatuck was closed for weeks until the river had gone down enough for divers to inspect it for safety before it reopened. The Pawcatuck Rivers source is Wordens Pond in South Kingstown and it proceeds generally west and southwest through the villages of Kenyon, Carolina, and Bradford. The Pawcatuck serves as the border between the towns of Charlestown and Richmond, Charlestown and Hopkinton, and Hopkinton and Westerly in Rhode Island, below is a list of all crossings over the Pawcatuck River. The list starts at the headwaters and goes downstream
Pawcatuck River
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The Pawcatuck River, looking north, with Westerly, RI buildings in view, and Pawcatuck, CT just off to left.
Pawcatuck River
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The Pawcatuck River as it flows between
Westerly, Rhode Island and
Pawcatuck, Connecticut
28.
Green Fall River
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The Green Fall River is a river in the U. S. states of Connecticut and Rhode Island. The river rises from a swamp south of Rockville Road in Voluntown, below is a list of all crossings over the Green Fall River. The list starts at the headwaters and goes downstream, Voluntown Sand Hill Road/Green Fall Rd. just south of the Green Falls Pond Dam near the Rhode Island border
Green Fall River
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Green Fall River ravine south of Green Fall Pond dam.
29.
Wood River (Pawcatuck River)
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The Wood River is a river in the U. S. states of Connecticut and Rhode Island. It flows approximately 25 miles and is a tributary of the Pawcatuck River. There are 8 dams along the rivers length, the Wood Rivers source is in the swamps northeast of Porter Pond in Sterling, Connecticut. From there, it flows southeast to Hazard Pond, where the river crosses into Rhode Island, from the state line, it flows southeast past Escoheag Hill and over Stepstone Falls, then south through Beach Pond State Park where it receives the Flat River. The river continues south through Hopkinton where it converges with the Pawcatuck River at the village of Alton, the Wood River serves as the border between Richmond and Hopkinton. The upper Wood River, from its source to Stepstone Falls, is known locally as the Falls River, the Wood River located in Southwestern Rhode Island is a protected and beneficial source of water to the Northeast Corridor. According to the Wood-Pawcatuck Watershed Association, “The Pawcatuck Watershed provides drinking water to over 100,000 residents”, there are various laws that have been created in order to preserve this natural source. The River has been considered one of the most untouched for several years, the WPWA works to monitor the use of any non- electric powered boats entering the river, as this could be a huge pollution to the water. There are several points along the river. The River is a huge traffic place for families during all times of the year in the Northeast, many visitors come to this part of the Northeast, Rhode Island and Connecticut, to enjoy canoeing, kayaking, fishing, and even hiking along the waters edge. With traffic being so heavy along the river, it is important to preserve the river as much as possible, the cleanliness and fun at the river go hand in hand with one another. The Wood-Pawcatuck Watershed Association is the reason as to why the Wood River has remained so pure over the years. The River has been considered one of the most untouched for several years, and it is because of the Wood-Pawcatuck Water Association, WPWA, we can thank for this. The WPWA works to monitor the use of any non- electric powered boats entering the river, the list starts at the headwaters and goes downstream
Wood River (Pawcatuck River)
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The Wood River spilling over a dam in Hopkinton, Rhode Island.
30.
Blackstone River
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The Blackstone River is a river in the U. S. states of Massachusetts and Rhode Island. It flows approximately 48 mi and drains a watershed of approximately 540 sq. mi, the river is named after William Blackstone who arrived in Weymouth, Massachusetts in 1623, and became the first European settler of present-day Boston in 1625. He relocated again, to Rhode Island in 1635 and built his home on the river, with the Providence River, the Blackstone was the northeastern border of Dutch claims for New Netherland from Adriaen Blocks charting of Narragansett Bay in 1614 through the Hartford Treaty of 1650. The original Native American name for the river was the Kittacuck, the Kittacuck, or Blackstone, was plentiful with Salmon and Lamprey in pre-colonial and colonial times. In 1790, Samuel Slater opened the first successful water powered mill in America, Slater Mill. This mill was powered by the waters of the Blackstone River, many other mills appeared along the Blackstone River over time making it an important part of American industry. The industrialization also led to the river being identified by the end of the 20th century as the source of Narragansett Bay pollution. In August 1955, severe flooding on the Blackstone caused extensive damage to Woonsocket, where the river is usually 70 feet wide it swelled to over 1 mile wide. The Blackstone river reached a stage of 21.8 feet in Woonsocket, the river, together with the Woonasquatucket River to the south, was designated an American Heritage River in 1998. The river is formed in Worcester, Massachusetts by the confluence of the Middle River, from there, it follows a rough southeast course through Millbury, Sutton, Grafton, Northbridge, Uxbridge, Millville, and Blackstone. It then continues into Rhode Island, where it flows through Woonsocket, Cumberland, Lincoln, Central Falls, and Pawtucket, after that, the river becomes tidal, and flows into the Seekonk River just north of Providence. Other tributaries join the Blackstone along the way, such as the West and Mumford River, at Uxbridge, the Blackstone River has a long association with industry, and a legacy of pollution as a result. The condition of the stream is likely to grow worse until effective measures are completed for removing from the much of the pollution which it now receives. Progress was slow, and as recently as 1990, the United States Environmental Protection Agency called the Blackstone, early industries discharged a variety of pollutants into the river including dyes from textile mills and heavy metals and solvents from metal and woodworking industries. Much of this early pollution lies trapped in sediments behind historic dams on the river, a 2005 report written by the Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management said. River cleanup is underway, and today the Blackstone is considered a Class C river for much of its length. Below is a list of all crossings over the Blackstone River, the list starts at the headwaters and goes downstream
Blackstone River
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The Blackstone River in
Blackstone, Massachusetts, just short of the
Rhode Island border.
Blackstone River
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Blackstone River at the Blackstone River and Canal Heritage State Park, near Mass./R.I. state line
Blackstone River
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Blackstone River at Ashton, RI (Ashton Viaduct)
Blackstone River
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Islands
31.
Branch River (Rhode Island)
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The Branch River is a river in the U. S. state of Rhode Island. There are six dams along the rivers length, the river provided energy for many of the regions textile mills in the nineteenth century. The river is formed in Burrillville by the confluence of the Clear, from there, it flows north to North Smithfield, past Slatersville and Forestdale to the Blackstone River. Below is a list of all crossings over the Branch River, the list starts at the headwaters and goes downstream. List of rivers in Rhode Island Maps from the United States Geological Survey
Branch River (Rhode Island)
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1921 photo of the Stone Arch Bridge over the Branch River and Slater mills in
Slatersville, Rhode Island
32.
Chockalog River
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The Chockalog River is a river in the U. S. states of Massachusetts and Rhode Island. Its name is said to mean fox place, the river is formed in Douglas, Massachusetts by the confluence of Greene and Cedar Swamp brooks. From there, it flows south to Burrillville, Rhode Island where it converges with Round Top Brook to form the Nipmuc River, Brook Road in Burrillville is the only crossing over the Chockalog River due to its short length. The Chockalog River has no named tributaries, though it has many unnamed streams that feed it. List of rivers of Massachusetts List of rivers of Rhode Island Maps from the United States Geological Survey American Indian Place Names In Rhode Island Database
Chockalog River
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Brook Road crossing upstream view
Chockalog River
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Chockalog River and environs
33.
Millers River (Rhode Island)
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The Millers River is a river in the eastern section of the U. S. state of Rhode Island. There are no dams along the rivers length, the river rises from an unnamed pond, now known as Friars Cirque, Ea. along Bear Hill Road in Cumberland and flows due south to its confluence with Abbott Run at Robin Hollow Pond. Below is a list of all crossings over the Millers River, the list starts at the headwaters and goes downstream. Cumberland Bear Hill Road Oakledge Road Curran Road The Millers River has no named tributaries, list of rivers in Rhode Island Maps from the United States Geological Survey
Millers River (Rhode Island)
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The Millers River near its headwaters in
Cumberland, Rhode Island.
34.
North Branch Pawtuxet River
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The North Branch Pawtuxet River is a river in the U. S. state of Rhode Island. There are 9 dams along the rivers length, below is a list of all crossings over the North Branch Pawtuxet River. The list starts at the headwaters and goes downstream
North Branch Pawtuxet River
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North Branch Pawtuxet River at Harris Mill Village
35.
Peters River
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The Peters River is a river in the U. S. states of Massachusetts and Rhode Island. The river rises from Curtis Pond in Bellingham, Massachusetts, flowing south through Bellingham and into Woonsocket, below is a list of all crossings over the Peters River. The list starts at the headwaters and goes downstream, List of rivers in Massachusetts List of rivers in Rhode Island Blackstone River Maps from the United States Geological Survey
Peters River
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The Peters River at the Diamond Hill Road (
RI 114) crossing in
Woonsocket, Rhode Island.
36.
South Branch Pawtuxet River
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The South Branch Pawtuxet River is a river in the U. S. state of Rhode Island. There are 11 dams along the rivers length, the river is formed by the confluence of the Big and Flat rivers in the area now flooded by the Flat River Reservoir in Coventry. Below is a list of all crossings over the South Branch Pawtuxet River, list of rivers in Rhode Island Flat River Big River Mishnock River North Branch Pawtuxet River Pawtuxet River Maps from the United States Geological Survey
South Branch Pawtuxet River
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South Branch Pawtuxet River at Royal Mills
37.
Ten Mile River (Seekonk River)
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The Ten Mile River is a river within the U. S. states of Massachusetts and Rhode Island. It flows approximately 22 miles and drains a watershed of 54 square miles, the North Attleborough National Fish Hatchery is located in its upper reaches, and the river offers stocked trout fishing in the spring. The Ten Mile River was badly polluted in the mid 1900s but has subsequently been remediated, although there are still issues with metals and sediments in the water, the river and nearly all its tributaries are now designated as Class B waters. The river begins at Savage Pond, near the corner of High and Chestnut Streets, in Plainville, below is a list of all crossings over the Ten Mile River. The list starts at the headwaters and goes downstream
Ten Mile River (Seekonk River)
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The Ten Mile River watershed within Massachusetts.
Ten Mile River (Seekonk River)
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At Freeman Street in
North Attleborough
38.
West River (Rhode Island)
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The West River is a river in the U. S. state of Rhode Island. It flows approximately 7.6 miles and is the only named tributary of the Moshassuck River and it has a history of providing water to textile mills during the Industrial Revolution as evidenced by the 7 dams along the rivers length. The West River rises on the line between Lincoln and Smithfield from a few small streams that originate in the vicinity of Lantern Road. The West River then flows southward, past Twin River Road, below the reservoir, the river meanders east-southeast through North Providence and into Providence where it flows into the Moshassuck River north of downtown. Below is a list of all crossings over the West River, the list starts at the headwaters and goes downstream. Smithfield Whipple Road Crosses two of the streams that converge south of here to form the main West River. List of rivers in Rhode Island Moshassuck River Maps from the United States Geological Survey
West River (Rhode Island)
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The West River just below the Wenscott Reservoir Dam in
North Providence.
39.
Thames River (Connecticut)
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The Thames River is a short river and tidal estuary in the U. S. state of Connecticut. It flows south for 15 miles through eastern Connecticut from the junction of the Yantic and Shetucket rivers at Norwich, to New London and Groton, which flank its mouth at Long Island Sound. The river has provided important harbors since the century, it was then known as the Pequot River, after the Pequot Indians who dominated the area. Other early names for the river have included Frisius, Great, Great River of Pequot, Little Fresh, Mohegan, New London, after the town was officially named New London in 1658, the estuary river was renamed Thames to match. The United States Coast Guard Academy, Connecticut College, a U. S. Navy submarine base, the USS Nautilus, the worlds first nuclear-powered submarine, was launched into the river on January 21,1954. Two historic forts, now Connecticut State Parks, overlook the mouth of the river at New London harbor, Fort Griswold on the eastern Groton Heights, the Yale-Harvard Boat Race is held annually in New London. New Londons Sailfest is an event which includes OpSail, a gathering of large sailing vessels. List of Connecticut rivers River Thames - London, England, United Kingdom
Thames River (Connecticut)
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The Thames River, seen from the waterfront in
New London, Connecticut
Thames River (Connecticut)
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Sleighing on the frozen river, winter of 1903-1904
40.
Aquidneck Island
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Aquidneck Island, officially Rhode Island, is located in Narragansett Bay in the U. S. state of Rhode Island. The total land area is 97.9 km2, which makes it the largest island in the bay, the 2000 United States Census reported its population as 60,870. Aquidneck Island is home to three towns, from north to south geographically, Portsmouth, Middletown, and Newport, Aquidneck is derived from the Narragansett name for the island aquidnet. The word literally means floating-mass-at or simply at the island, other sources claim that Aquidneck is an Indian word meaning Isle of Peace. It is unclear how Aquidneck Island came to be known as Rhode Island, in 1524, explorer Giovanni da Verrazzano noted the presence of an island near the mouth of Narragansett Bay which he likened to the Greek island of Rhodes. It is uncertain to which island he was referring, but the Pilgrims who later colonized the area decided to refer to Aquidneck as Rhode Island, the earliest known use of the name Rhode Island was in 1637 by Roger Williams. The name was applied to the island in 1644 with these words. The name Isle of Rodes is found used in a document as late as 1646. Dutch maps from as early as 1659 call it Roode Eylant or Red Island, historians have theorized that it was named by the Dutch for either the red autumn foliage or red clay on portions of the shore. The entire state is now referred to as Rhode Island. Board on Geographic Names addressed the issue in 1930 by using names of the island on its maps. By 1964, the board decided that two names was confusing, and Rhode Island was used exclusively as the official name of the island. Attempts to change the name to Aquidneck Island have been made as recently as 2004. A compromise was reached in 2011 when the RI State Department of Transportation allowed Aquidneck Island to be added to maps as a variant appellation. This variant was employed as a result of the 2006 decision by the U. S, board of Geographic Names to allow Rhode Island and Aquidneck Island to co-exist on nautical maps. English colonists first settled on present-day Aquidneck Island in 1638 in the called by the natives Pocasset. At one time, Aquidneck Island was controlled by the Wampanoags, traditionally, Massasoit greeted the Pilgrims at Plymouth, Massachusetts in 1621. Aquidneck Island was used primarily as a territory, although it was probably a summer residence
Aquidneck Island
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Mount Hope Bridge looking toward Aquidneck Island
Aquidneck Island
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Aquidneck Island highlighted in red
Aquidneck Island
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Islands
41.
Conanicut Island
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Conanicut Island is the second largest island in Narragansett Bay in the US state of Rhode Island. It is connected on the east by the Claiborne Pell Bridge to Newport on Aquidneck Island, the island comprises the town of Jamestown, Rhode Island, Newport County, Rhode Island. The United States Census Bureau reported an area of 24.46 km2. Conanicut Island was home to many American Indians, at least on a seasonal basis, the largest Indian cemetery in New England is located on the island, and artifacts spanning a 3000-year period have been recovered from a site near the elementary school. The island is named for Chief Canonicus of the Narragansett tribe who inhabited the land. In 1636 or 1637, Dutch fur traders paid to use the island of Quentenis as a base for their activities and this island is located just west of Conanicut, it is now known as Dutch Island and is part of Jamestown. In 1638, the English colonists made arrangements to use Conanicut Island for grazing sheep, as a result, the name Conanicut was given to the island and the figure of a sheep is in a central position in the Jamestown seal. Conanicut Island was a part of the territory included in a patent given to William Coddington by the English in 1651. In 1657, a consortium of about one hundred buyers purchased Conanicut, Dutch and they divided Conanicut Island into roughly one dozen large plots and reserved Dutch Island and parts of Conanicut Island for common use. Benedict Arnold was one of the purchasers, and he became governor of the colony of Rhode Island the same year, the Indians and colonists lived side-by-side in relative peace for almost four decades. Conflicts eventually occurred in a number of places in southern New England, life in the region was dominated by the colonists after 1676, although Conanicut Island remained a haven for many Indians. In 1725, a ferry was established between the island and Newport, a ferry was established to South Kingstown in 1748
Conanicut Island
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Conanicut Island from above
Conanicut Island
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Conanicut Island
Conanicut Island
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Islands
42.
Prudence Island
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Prudence Island is the third largest island in Narragansett Bay in the U. S. state of Rhode Island and part of the town of Portsmouth. It is located near the center of the bay. It is defined by the United States Census Bureau as Block Group 3, Census Tract 401.03 of Newport County, as of the 2000 census the population was 88 people living on a land area of 14.43 km². The Narragansett name for the island was Chibachuweset, and the Narragansetts originally offered it for sale to John Oldham if he would settle there and set up a trading post. Oldham failed to meet the condition, so sold the island to Roger Williams and John Winthrop in 1637. Williams took the side of the island and Winthrop took the southern side. Division wall divides the two sides, and Pulpit Rock can still be found today on the side of the island. Williams and Winthrop hoped to farm pigs on the island, Williams named it Prudence and shortly afterwards purchased and named nearby Patience Island and Hope Island. Williams sold his half interest in Prudence Island while in England on behalf of the colony, in colonial times, the island was used mainly for farming. In the 20th century, farming began to decline and the island began to summer residences. In World War II, the U. S. Navy established a depot on the southernmost 400 acres of the island. In 1972, the Navy turned the base over to the state of Rhode Island, leaving bunkers, roads, and a large deep-water pier. The former Naval Base is now home to the Narragansett Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, the Farnham Farm is a national historic site. The island is served by service to Bristol, Rhode Island. Parts of the 2012 film Moonrise Kingdom were filmed on the island and nearby Jamestown, there are several different summer colonies on the island, named after either their plat names or by the original owner of the land / subdivision. These are in order from the south, Prudence Park- Located on the west side of the island at the end of Broadway. Development began in 1872 with the building of the Stone Wharf on the west side of the island became a stop on the Fall River Line steamers running from Providence. Most of the homes in this area of the island are fine examples of Victorian and Beaux Arts summer homes, in a similar style to those at Oak Bluffs
Prudence Island
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Prudence Island Light in the early twentieth century
Prudence Island
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Prudence Island, shown in red, in the inner part of Narragansett Bay
Prudence Island
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A more recent view of the
Prudence Island Light, with the
Mt. Hope Bridge in the background.
Prudence Island
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The Prudence Island Schoolhouse, built in 1896 (with indoor plumbing and a kitchen added to the side in 1951). On the corner of Broadway and Mt. Pleasant Ave.
43.
Patience Island
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Patience Island lies off the northwest coast of Prudence Island, in the town of Portsmouth, Rhode Island, United States. The island has an area of 0.8536 km². The island and others nearby were named by Roger Williams and other early colonists, colonial school children often recited the poem, Patience, Prudence, Hope and Despair. And the little Hog over there, the last residents were the Steere Family, Earle and Clark Steere Founders of the Warwick Cove Marina and descendants of Arthur Steere, Senator and best friend of Roger Williams. Patience Island was a gift from the local Indians to Roger Williams, Patience Island became part of Portsmouth in 1664
Patience Island
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Patience Island from near the
Warwick Light
Patience Island
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Patience Island, shown in red, in the inner part of Narragansett Bay
Patience Island
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Islands
44.
Dutch Island (Rhode Island)
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Dutch Island is an island lying west of Conanicut Island at an entrance to Narragansett Bay in Rhode Island, United States. The island is a part of the town of Jamestown, Rhode Island and it was uninhabited as of the 2000 census. The island was fortified from the American Civil War through World War II, Dutch Islands Indian name was Quotenis or Quetenesse. Several years later the Dutch built Fort Ninigret in what is now Charlestown, in 1654 English colonists purchased the island from the Indians. The first 30-foot tower was built of stones found on the island, the government constructed a new 42-foot brick tower in 1857 with a fog bell added in 1878. As of 2007, the island is part of the Bay Islands Park system of Rhode Island owned by the Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management, the island is easily accessible by kayak today off the coast of Conanicut Island. No remnants of the Dutch trading post exist today, but a lighthouse, Fort Greble was named in honor of 1st Lt. John Trout Greble, 2nd Artillery, USA, who was the first officer of the Regular Army killed in the Civil War. In 1863, the land was sold to the United States government, during the American Civil War the island was used as a training site by the 14th Rhode Island Heavy Artillery. The soldiers of the 14th Rhode Island constructed the first earthwork defenses on the island, an eight-gun battery was built and armed by the 14th Rhode Island in 1863-64. A battery for eleven 10-inch Rodman guns was built at the south end of the island. However, it was vulnerable to flooding and was never armed, following the Civil War, gun batteries were placed on Dutch Island, and by the late 19th century the defensive works had grown to become Fort Greble. Construction was spurred by the Spanish–American War, which included tunnels and gun emplacements, in 1897, the first of Fort Grebles Endicott Period works, Battery Hale, was completed with the emplacement of three 10-inch M1888 disappearing guns. Shortly after the outbreak a battery for one 6-inch Armstrong gun was constructed. This was followed by the establishment of Battery Mitchell on the Armstrong gun site with three 6-inch M1903 disappearing guns, and Battery Sedgwick with eight 12-inch M1890 mortars, finally 1900 saw the completion of Battery Ogden with its two 3-inch M1898 rapid fire guns on retractable masking parapet carriages. Facilities for controlling an underwater minefield were also at the fort, Battery Hale was named for Nathan Hale, the famous spy of the Revolutionary War. Battery Mitchell was named for Captain David D. Mitchell, killed in the Philippine-American War, Battery Sedgwick was named for Major-General John Sedgwick, killed in the Civil War. Battery Ogden was named for Frederick C, Ogden, an officer killed in the Civil War. The New York Times reported that on 26 June 1908, a combined training exercise involving regular and militia military units from Fort Adams
Dutch Island (Rhode Island)
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Dutch Island Light, from an early twentieth century postcard
Dutch Island (Rhode Island)
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Dutch Island in 2008 from
Fort Getty
Dutch Island (Rhode Island)
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Islands
45.
Cornelius Island
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Cornelius Island is a small uninhabited island in Wickford Harbor, Narragansett Bay, Wickford, Rhode Island. The land compromising Cornelius Island was originally connected to the mainland and was part of the Smith/Updike land holdings until it was sold in 1813, a channel was dug at some point in the lands history disconnecting it from the mainland. It is unclear after whom Cornelius Island was named, the island was used in the 1960s for the deposition of dredged material. Islands of Narragansett Bay Frederic Denlson, Narragansett Sea and Shore, George L. Seavey, Rhode Islands Coastal Natural Areas
Cornelius Island
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Islands
46.
Dyer Island (Rhode Island)
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Dyer Island is an island in Narragansett Bay in Rhode Island, United States. It lies off the west coast of Aquidneck Island and is part of Melville CDP, the island lies between Melville and Prudence Island and is uninhabited and has a land area of 0.12 km² and is only 13 feet above sea level. The salt marshes of Dyer Island are among the last remaining in Rhode Island without mosquito ditches, in the seventeenth century, Dyer Island was named after William Dyer, the husband of the Quaker martyr Mary Dyer. William Dyer was one of the founders of Rhode Island, and in 1638 he sailed past the island and requested that it be granted to him, William Dyer died in 1676 in Newport, Rhode Island. He is buried in the cemetery which is located on Dyers Island in Narragansett Bay. Upon his death the island comprising some 600 acres, was given to his son William, in 2001 the Island was purchased by the state of Rhode Island and is now part of the Narragansett Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, as well as JDSinc. Dyer Island, Block 9021, Census Tract 401.03, Newport County, Rhode Island United States Census Bureau
Dyer Island (Rhode Island)
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Islands
47.
Fox Island (Rhode Island)
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Fox Island is an island in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, in the United States of America. It lies between Conanicut Island and North Kingstown just south of the village of Wickford, Rhode Island, the island is a part of the town of North Kingstown. The Native Americans called the island Nanaquonset The island was purchased from Native Americans by Randall Holden, in the 1860s a Christian preacher named Captain Jimmie Hammond became the first full-time resident of the island where he lived with his chickens and cat. In 1880, Rev. William Pendleton Chapman, a pastor at the nearby Quidnessett Church, featured the island in his book titled “Budd Boyd’s Triumph. Since 2000 it has been owned by a corporation which uses a large wind generator on the east side of the island. Sidney Smith Rider, The Lands of Rhode Island, As They Were Known to Caunonicus, frederic Denlson, Narragansett Sea and Shore, George L. Seavey, Rhode Islands Coastal Natural Areas
Fox Island (Rhode Island)
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Fox Island in 2008 from North Kingstown
Fox Island (Rhode Island)
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Islands
48.
Goat Island (Rhode Island)
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Goat Island is a small island in Narragansett Bay and is part of the city of Newport, Rhode Island, U. S. The island is connected to the Eastons Point neighborhood via a causeway bridge and it is home to the Newport Harbor Light, The Marina Cafe & Pub, Belle Mer, the Hyatt Regency Newport hotel, and the Goat Island South Condominiums. It was also home to military forts and to the U. S. Naval Torpedo Station. Narragansett Indians called the island Nante Sinunk and sold it in 1658, early Newport colonists used the island as a goat pasture. An earthen fort was built on Goat Island in 1703 during the War of Spanish Succession, on Friday,19 July 1723, twenty-six pirates were buried on the north end of Goat Island, on the shore, between high and low water mark. They had been tried in Newport between 10 and 12 July and hanged at nearby Bulls Point, the pirates were all young men, most of them natives of England. In 1738, a fort was built and renamed Fort George after King George II. In 1764, Newporters took over Fort George and fired shots at HMS St. John, in 1769, Rhode Islanders burned the customs ship HMS Liberty when it drifted to the north end of Goat Island in another early act of rebellion against British rule. In 1775, the Fort was renamed Fort Liberty, the British army occupied Newport from 1776 through 1779 and renamed it Fort George during that time. In 1784 it was repaired and renamed Fort Washington after George Washington, in 1794, Newport sold Goat Island to the federal government for $1,500 to maintain a military fort to defend Newport Harbor. The fort was named Fort Wolcott in commemoration the services of Oliver Wolcott who was a General of the Militia, in 1824, the first Newport Harbor Lighthouse was constructed at the north end of the island. Fort Wolcott was active until 1835 when the garrison was transferred to Florida to fight the Seminole Indians, in 1851 the original lighthouse moved to Prudence Island to become Prudence Island Light, and the current Newport Harbor Light was constructed on a dike near the former lighthouse site. The area surrounding the dike was later filled in when the hotel was constructed much later, in 1869 the U. S. Naval Torpedo Station was founded on Goat Island, on the site of the former Army fort. The Station was greatly expanded over the next 100 years and produced many of the Navys torpedoes through World War I, the torpedo station was closed in 1951 and Naval Undersea Warfare Center was created with a facility nearby. In addition to the Goat Island lighthouse, the Coast Guard has maintained a cutter at Goat Island since at least the late 1960s. The Point class cutter USCGC Point Turner served her entire 31-year career at Goat Island from when she was commissioned on 14 April 1967 until she was decommissioned on 3 April 1998. The tradition of having a Coast Guard cutter stationed at Goat Island resumed when the Marine Protector class coastal patrol boat USCGC Tiger Shark was commissioned on 16 July 2005, in the 1960s, Goat Island was sold to a private developer Globe Manufacturing. In the 1990s IDC, Island Development Corp. constructed the Regatta Club, after two Rhode Island Supreme Court decisions, regarding the development, Goat Island South Condominiums took possession of the Regatta Club leasing it to a third party
Goat Island (Rhode Island)
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Newport Harbor Light (1842) on northern tip of Goat Island as seen from
Easton's Point
Goat Island (Rhode Island)
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ca. 1900, picture of U.S. Torpedo Station on Goat Island
Goat Island (Rhode Island)
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Fort George plaque on Goat Island
Goat Island (Rhode Island)
