1.
Pulitzer Prize
–
The Pulitzer Prize /ˈpʊlᵻtsər/ is an award for achievements in newspaper, magazine and online journalism, literature, and musical composition in the United States. It was established in 1917 by provisions in the will of American Joseph Pulitzer who had made his fortune as a newspaper publisher, Prizes are awarded yearly in twenty-one categories. In twenty of the categories, each receives a certificate. The winner in the service category of the journalism competition is awarded a gold medal. The Pulitzer Prize does not automatically consider all applicable works in the media, entries must fit in at least one of the specific prize categories, and cannot simply gain entrance for being literary or musical. Works can also only be entered in a maximum of two categories, regardless of their properties, each year,102 jurors are selected by the Pulitzer Prize Board to serve on 20 separate juries for the 21 award categories, one jury makes recommendations for both photography awards. For each award category, a jury makes three nominations, the board selects the winner by majority vote from the nominations or bypasses the nominations and selects a different entry following a 75% majority vote. The board can also vote to issue no award, the board and journalism jurors are not paid for their work, however, the jurors in letters, music, and drama receive a $2,000 honorarium for the year, and each chair receives $2,500. Anyone whose work has been submitted is called an entrant, the jury selects a group of nominated finalists and announces them, together with the winner for each category. However, some journalists who were submitted, but not nominated as finalists. For example, Bill Dedman of msnbc, Dedman wrote, To call that submission a Pulitzer nomination is like saying that Adam Sandler is an Oscar nominee if Columbia Pictures enters Thats My Boy in the Academy Awards. Many readers realize that the Oscars dont work that way—the studios dont pick the nominees and its just a way of slipping Academy Awards into a bio. The Pulitzers also dont work that way, but fewer people know that, newspaper publisher Joseph Pulitzer gave money in his will to Columbia University to launch a journalism school and establish the Prize. It allocated $250,000 to the prize and scholarships and he specified four awards in journalism, four in letters and drama, one in education, and four traveling scholarships. After his death, the first Pulitzer Prizes were awarded June 4,1917, many people have won more than one Pulitzer Prize. Nelson Harding is the person to have won a Prize in two consecutive years, the Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Cartooning in 1927 and 1928. Four prizes Robert Frost, Poetry Eugene ONeill, Drama Robert E, in rare instances, contributors to the entry are singled out in the citation in a manner analogous to individual winners. Journalism awards may be awarded to individuals or newspapers or newspaper staffs, infrequently, Awards are made in categories relating to journalism, arts, letters and fiction
2.
Joseph Pulitzer
–
Joseph Pulitzer was a Hungarian-American newspaper publisher of the St. Louis Post Dispatch and the New York World. Pulitzer introduced the techniques of yellow journalism to the newspapers he acquired in the 1880s and he became a leading national figure in the Democratic Party and was elected congressman from New York. He crusaded against big business and corruption, and helped keep the Statue of Liberty in New York. Today, he is best known for the Pulitzer Prizes, which were established in 1917 by money he bequeathed to Columbia University to recognize artistic and journalistic achievements in the United States. The prizes are given annually to award achievements in American journalism and photography, as well as literature and history, poetry, music, Pulitzer founded the Columbia School of Journalism by his philanthropic bequest, it opened in 1912. He was born as Pulitzer József in Makó, about 200 km south-east of Budapest in Hungary, the Pulitzers were among several Jewish families living in the area, and had established a reputation as merchants and shopkeepers. Josephs father was a businessman, regarded as the second of the foremost merchants of Makó. Their ancestors emigrated from Moravia to Hungary at the end of the 18th century, in 1853, Fülöp Pulitzer was rich enough to retire. He moved his family to Pest, where he had the children educated by private tutors, in 1858, after Fülöps death, his business went bankrupt, and the family became impoverished. Joseph attempted to enlist in various European armies for work before emigrating to the United States, Pulitzer arrived in Boston in 1864 at the age of 17, his passage having been paid by Massachusetts military recruiters who were seeking soldiers for the long American Civil War. Learning that the recruiters were pocketing the lions share of his enlistment bounty, Pulitzer snuck away from the Deer Island recruiting station and he was paid $200 to enroll in the Lincoln Cavalry on September 30. He was a part of Sheridans troopers, in the First New York Lincoln Cavalry in Company L. where he served for eight months. Although he spoke three languages, German, Hungarian, and French, Pulitzer learned little English until after the war because his regiment was composed mostly of German immigrants, after the war, Pulitzer returned to New York City, where he stayed briefly. He moved to New Bedford, Massachusetts for the whaling industry and he returned to New York with little money. Flat broke, he slept in wagons on cobblestone side streets and he decided to travel by side-door Pullman to St. Louis, Missouri. He sold his one possession, a handkerchief, for 75 cents. When Pulitzer arrived at the city, he recalled, The lights of St. Louis looked like a land to me. In the city, his German was as useful as it was in Munich because of the large ethnic German population, in the Westliche Post, he saw an ad for a mule hostler at Benton Barracks
3.
Pulitzer Prize for Breaking News Reporting
–
The Pulitzer Prize for Breaking News Reporting is a Pulitzer Prize awarded for a distinguished example of breaking news, local reporting on news of the moment. The Pulitzer Committee issues an official citation explaining the reasons for the award,1953, Editorial Staff of Providence Journal and Evening Bulletin, for their spontaneous and cooperative coverage of a bank robbery and police chase leading to the capture of the bandit. 1954, Staff of Vicksburg Sunday Post-Herald, for its coverage of the tornado of December 5,1953. Mrs. Brown dug into the facts behind the dramatic events, as well. 1957, Staff of Salt Lake Tribune, for its prompt,1958, Staff of Fargo Forum, for its swift, vivid and detailed news and picture coverage of a tornado which struck Fargo on June 20. 1961, Sanche De Gramont, for his account of the death of Leonard Warren on the Metropolitan Opera stage. 1962, Robert D. Mullins, Deseret News, Salt Lake City, UT, For his resourceful coverage of a murder and kidnapping at Dead Horse Point, Utah. 1967, Sylvan Fox, Anthony Shannon, William Longgood, New York World-Telegram and Sun for their reporting of an air crash in Jamaica Bay, killing 95 persons on March 1,1962. 1964, Norman C. Miller The Wall Street Journal, for his account of a multi-million dollar vegetable oil swindle in New Jersey. 1965, Melvin H.1966, Staff Los Angeles Times,1967, Robert V. Cox Chambersburg Public Opinion, for his vivid deadline reporting of a mountain manhunt that ended with the killing of a deranged sniper who had terrorized the community. 1969, John Fetterman Louisville Times and Courier-Journal, for his article, Pfc. Gibson Comes Home,1970, Thomas Fitzpatrick Chicago Sun-Times, for his article about the violence of youthful radicals in Chicago, A Wild Nights Ride With SDS. 1971, Staff Akron Beacon Journal, for its coverage of the Kent State University tragedy on May 4,1970,1972, Richard Cooper and John Machacek Rochester Times-Union, for their coverage of the Attica, New York prison riot. 1973, Staff Chicago Tribune, for uncovering flagrant violations of voting procedures in the election of March 21,1972. 1974, Arthur M. Petacque and Hugh F. Hough Chicago Sun-Times,1975, Staff Xenia Daily Gazette, for its coverage, under enormous difficulties, of the tornado that wrecked the city on April 3,1974. 1977, Margo Huston The Milwaukee Journal, for her reports on the elderly,1979, Staff San Diego Evening Tribune, for its coverage of the collision of a Pacific Southwest air liner with a small plane over its city. 1980, Staff The Philadelphia Inquirer, for coverage of the accident at Three Mile Island. 1981, Staff Longview Daily News, for its coverage of the Mt. St. Helens story,1982, Staff Kansas City Star and Kansas City Times, for coverage of the Hyatt Regency Hotel disaster and identification of its causes. 1983, Editorial Staff Fort Wayne News-Sentinel, for its courageous,1984, Newsday team of reporters Newsday, Long Island, NY, for their enterprising and comprehensive coverage of the Baby Jane Doe case and its far-reaching social and political implications
4.
Pulitzer Prize for Investigative Reporting
–
It is administered by the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism in New York City. From 1953 through 1963, the category was known as The Pulitzer Prize for Local Reporting, from 1964 to 1984, it was known as The Pulitzer Prize for Local Investigative Specialized Reporting. The Pulitzer Committee issues an official citation explaining the reasons for the award,1953, Edward J. Mowery, New York World-Telegram & Sun, for his reporting of the facts which brought vindication and freedom to Louis Hoffner. 1954, Alvin McCoy, The Kansas City Star, for a series of stories which led to the resignation under fire of C. Wesley Roberts as Republican National Chairman. 1955, Roland Kenneth Towery, Cuero Record, for his series of articles exposing a scandal in the administration of the Veterans Land Program in Texas. 1956, Arthur Daley, The New York Times, for his coverage and commentary on the world of sports in his daily column. They fulfilled their assignments despite great handicaps and the risk of reprisal from lawless elements,1960, Miriam Ottenberg, Evening Star, for a series of seven articles exposing a used-car racket in Washington, D. C. that victimized many unwary buyers. The series led to new regulations to protect the public and served to alert other communities to such sharp practices, the series brought about reforms that attracted nationwide attention. 1962, George Bliss, Chicago Tribune, for his initiative in uncovering scandals in the Metropolitan Sanitary District of Greater Chicago, with resultant remedial action. 1963, Oscar Griffin, Jr.1964, James V. Magee, Albert V.1965, Gene Goltz, Houston Post, for his expose of government corruption Pasadena, Texas, which resulted in widespread reforms. 1966, John Anthony Frasca, Tampa Tribune, for his investigation,1967, Gene Miller, Miami Herald, for initiative and investigative reporting that helped to free two persons wrongfully convicted of murder. 1968, J. Anthony Lukas, The New York Times, for the document he wrote in his investigation of the life. 1969, Al Delugach and Denny Walsh, St. Louis Globe-Democrat, for their campaign against fraud and abuse of power within the St. Louis Steamfitters Union, Local 562. 1970, Harold Eugene Martin, Montgomery Advertiser and Alabama Journal, for his expose of a scheme for using Alabama prisoners for drug experimentation. 1971, William Jones, Chicago Tribune, for exposing collusion between police and some of Chicagos largest private companies to restrict service in low income areas. 1972, Timothy Leland, Gerard M. ONeill, Stephen A. Kurkjian and Ann Desantis, Boston Globe, for their exposure of corruption in Somerville. 1974, William Sherman, New York Daily News, for his investigative reporting in the exposure of extreme abuse of the New York Medicaid program. 1975, Indianapolis Star, for its disclosures of local corruption and dilatory law enforcement
5.
Pulitzer Prize for Explanatory Reporting
–
From 1985 to 1997, it was known as the Pulitzer Prize for Explanatory Journalism. The Pulitzer Prize Board announced the new category in November 1984, the series, Making It Fly by Peter Rinearson of The Seattle Times, was a 29, 000-word account of the development of the Boeing 757 jetliner. It had been entered in the National Reporting category, but judges moved it to Feature Writing to award it a prize. In the aftermath, the Pulitzer Prize Board said it was creating the new category in part because of the ambiguity about where explanatory accounts such as Making It Fly should be recognized, the Pulitzer Committee issues an official citation explaining the reasons for the award. 1985, Jon Franklin, The Baltimore Evening Sun, for his seven-part series The Mind Fixers, about the new science of molecular psychiatry. 1986, Staff of The New York Times, for a comprehensive series on the Strategic Defense Initiative. 1987, Jeff Lyon and Peter Gorner, Chicago Tribune, for their series on the promises of gene therapy, which examined the implications of this revolutionary medical treatment. 1988, Daniel Hertzberg and James B, stewart, The Wall Street Journal, for their stories about an investment banker charged with insider trading and the critical day that followed the October 19,1987 Black Monday stock market crash. Faludi, The Wall Street Journal, for a report on the leveraged buy-out of Safeway Stores,1992, Robert S. Capers and Eric Lipton, Hartford Courant, for a series about the flawed Hubble Space Telescope that illustrated many of the problems plaguing USAs space program. 1993, Mike Toner, The Atlanta Journal-Constitution, for When Bugs Fight Back,1994, Ronald Kotulak, Chicago Tribune, for his lucid coverage of current developments in neurological science. 1996, Laurie Garrett, Newsday, for her courageous reporting from Zaire on the Ebola virus outbreak there,1998, Paul Salopek, Chicago Tribune, for his enlightening profile of the Human Genome Diversity Project, which seeks to chart the genetic relationship among all people. 1999, Richard Read, The Oregonian, for illustrating the domestic impact of the Asian economic crisis by profiling the local industry that exports frozen french fries. 2000, Eric Newhouse, Great Falls Tribune, for his examination of alcohol abuse. 2001, Staff of the Chicago Tribune, for Gateway to Gridlock, its clear,2003, Staff of The Wall Street Journal, for its clear, concise and comprehensive stories that illuminated the roots, significance and impact of corporate scandals in the US. This was originally nominated in the Public Service category, but was moved by the jury,2005, Gareth Cook, The Boston Globe, for explaining, with clarity and humanity, the complex scientific and ethical dimensions of stem cell research. 2006, David Finkel, The Washington Post, for his ambitious,2007, Kenneth R.2008, Amy Harmon of The New York Times, for her striking examination of the dilemmas and ethical issues that accompany DNA testing, using human stories to sharpen her reports. 2010 Michael Moss and members of The New York Times staff for relentless reporting on contaminated hamburger and other safety issues. List of prizes, medals, and awards Winners of the Pulitzer Prize for Explanatory Reporting, Winners of the Pulitzer Prize for Explanatory Journalism
6.
Pulitzer Prize for Local Reporting
–
The Pulitzer Prize for Local Reporting is awarded to an example of local reporting that illuminates significant issues or concerns. This Pulitzer Prize was first awarded in 1948, like most Pulitzers the winner receives a $10,000 award. The Pulitzer Prize for Local Reporting was first awarded from 1948 until 1952, beginning in 1953, two awards for Local Reporting were given out by the committee, for Local Reporting, Edition Time and for Local Reporting, No Edition Time. In 1964 the Local Reporting Pulitzers were again renamed to Local Investigative Specialized Reporting and these prizes existed until 1984, when they were done away with. None of these prizes were reserved specifically for local reporting, in 2006, the prize committee announced that the Pulitzer Prize for Beat Reporting was going to be replaced by a recreated Pulitzer Prize for Local Reporting. Debbie Cenziper of The Miami Herald became the first reporter to win the re-created Pulitzer for Local Reporting, the Pulitzer Committee issues an official citation explaining the reasons for the award. 1948, George E. Goodwin, Atlanta Journal, For his story of the Telfair County vote fraud,1949, Malcolm Johnson, New York Sun, For his series of 24 articles entitled Crime on the Waterfront in New York City. 1950, Meyer Berger, The New York Times, For his 4,000 word story on the killings by Howard Unruh in Camden. 1951, Edward S. Montgomery, San Francisco Examiner, For his series of articles on tax frauds which culminated in an expose within the Bureau of Internal Revenue. 1952, George De Carvalho, San Francisco Chronicle, For his stories of a ransom racket extorting money from Chinese in the United States for relations held in Red China. 2007, Debbie Cenziper, Miami Herald, For reports on waste, favoritism and lack of oversight at the Miami housing agency that resulted in dismissals, investigations and prosecutions. 2008, David Umhoefer, Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, For his stories on the skirting of tax laws to pad pensions of county employees, prompting change,2009, Detroit Free Press Staff, and notably Jim Schaefer and M. L. Pulitzer. org Winners and Finalists – Local Reporting
7.
Pulitzer Prize for National Reporting
–
This Pulitzer Prize has been awarded since 1942 for a distinguished example of reporting on national affairs. In its first six years, it was called the Pulitzer Prize for Telegraphic Reporting - National,1942, Louis Stark of The New York Times for his distinguished reporting of important labor stories during the year. 1943, No award given 1944, Dewey L. Fleming of The Baltimore Sun For his distinguished reporting during the year 1943,1945, James Reston of The New York Times for his news dispatches and interpretive articles on the Dumbarton Oaks security conference. 1947, Edward T. Folliard of The Washington Post for his series of articles published during 1946 on the Columbians, Inc. 1948, Nat S. Finney, Minneapolis Tribune, for his stories on the plan of the Truman administration to impose secrecy about the affairs of federal civilian agencies in peacetime. 1949, C. P. Trussel, New York Times,1950, Edwin O. Guthman, The Seattle Times, for his series on the clearing of Communist charges of Professor Melvin Rader, who had been accused of attending a secret Communist school. Mr. Lewis received the support of his newspaper in championing an American citizen, without adequate funds or resources for his defense. 1956, Charles L. Bartlett, Chattanooga Times, for his original disclosures that led to the resignation of Harold E. Talbott as Secretary of the Air Force. 1958, Clark Mollenhoff, Des Moines Register and Tribune, for his persistent inquiry into labor racketeering,1960, Vance Trimble, Scripps-Howard Newspaper Alliance, for a series of articles exposing the extent of nepotism in the Congress of the United States. 1961, Edward R. Cony, Wall Street Journal, for his analysis of a transaction which drew the attention of the public to the problems of business ethics. 1962, Nathan G. Caldwell and Gene S.1964, Merriman Smith, United Press International,1965, Louis M. Kohlmeier Jr. Wall Street Journal, for his enterprise in reporting the growth of the fortune of President Lyndon B. Johnson and his family. 1966, Haynes Johnson, Washington Evening Star, for his coverage of the civil rights conflict centered about Selma, Ala. 1967, Stanley Penn and Monroe Karmin, The Wall Street Journal,1968, Howard James, Christian Science Monitor, for his series of articles, Crisis in the Courts. 1969, Robert Cahn, Christian Science Monitor, for his inquiry into the future of our national parks and the methods that may help to preserve them. 1970, William J. Eaton, Chicago Daily News, for disclosures about the background of Judge Clement F. Haynesworth Jr. in connection with his nomination for the United States Supreme Court. 1971, Lucinda Franks and Thomas Powers, United Press International, for their documentary on the life and death of 28-year-old revolutionary Diana Oughton,1972, Jack Anderson, syndicated columnist, for his reporting of American policy decision-making during the Indo-Pakistan War of 1971. 1974, Jack White, Providence Journal and Evening Bulletin, for his initiative in exclusively disclosing President Nixons Federal income tax payments in 1970 and 1971. 1974, James R. Polk, Washington Star-News, for his disclosure of alleged irregularities in the financing of the campaign to re-elect President Nixon in 1972,1975, Donald L. Barlett and James B
8.
Pulitzer Prize for International Reporting
–
This Pulitzer Prize has been awarded since 1942 for a distinguished example of reporting on international affairs, including United Nations correspondence. In its first six years, it was called the Pulitzer Prize for Telegraphic Reporting - International,1942, Laurence Edmund Allen, Associated Press, for reporting on the British Mediterranean Fleet. 1943, Ira Wolfert, North American Newspaper Alliance, for a series of articles on the battle of the Solomon Islands,1944, Daniel De Luce, Associated Press, for his distinguished reporting during the year 1943. 1945, Mark S. Watson, The Baltimore Sun, for distinguished reporting from Washington, London,1946, Homer Bigart, New York Herald Tribune, for distinguished war reporting from the Pacific. 1947, Eddy Gilmore, Associated Press, for his correspondence from Moscow in 1946,1948, Paul W. Ward, Baltimore Sun, for his series of articles published in 1947 on Life in the Soviet Union. 1949, Price Day, Baltimore Sun, for his series of 12 articles entitled, Experiment in Freedom, India,1950, Edmund Stevens, Christian Science Monitor, for his series of 43 articles written over a three-year residence in Moscow entitled, This Is Russia Uncensored. 1951, Keyes Beech, Homer Bigart, Marguerite Higgins, Relman Morin, Fred Sparks,1952, John M. Hightower, Associated Press, for the sustained quality of his coverage of news of international affairs during the year. 1953, Austin Wehrwein, Milwaukee Journal, for a series of articles on Canada. 1954, Jim G.1955, Harrison E. Salisbury, New York Times, for his series of articles. The perceptive and well-written Salisbury articles made a contribution to American understanding of what is going on inside Russia. This was principally due to the wide range of subject matter. 1956, William Randolph Hearst Jr. J. Kingsbury-Smith and Frank Conniff, International News Service,1958, Staff of the New York Times, for its distinguished coverage of foreign news, which was characterized by admirable initiative, continuity and high quality during the year. Rosenthal, New York Times, for his perceptive and authoritative reporting from Poland, mr. Rosenthals subsequent expulsion from the country was attributed by Polish government spokesmen to the depth his reporting into Polish affairs, there being no accusation of false reporting. 1964, Malcolm W. Browne of the Associated Press and David Halberstam of the New York Times, for their reporting of the Vietnam War. 1965, J. A.1966, Peter Arnett, Associated Press,1967, R. John Hughes, Christian Science Monitor, for his thorough reporting of the attempted Communist coup in Indonesia in 1965 and the purge that followed in 1965-66. 1968, Alfred Friendly, Washington Post, for his coverage of the Middle East War of 1967,1969, William Tuohy, Los Angeles Times, for his Vietnam War correspondence in 1968. 1970, Seymour M. Hersh, Dispatch News Service, for his disclosure of the Vietnam War tragedy at the hamlet of My Lai. 1971, Jimmie Lee Hoagland, Washington Post, for his coverage of the struggle against apartheid in the Republic of South Africa,1972, Peter R. Kann, Wall Street Journal, for his coverage of the Indo-Pakistan War of 1971
9.
Pulitzer Prize for Feature Writing
–
The Pulitzer Prize for Feature Writing is one of the fourteen American Pulitzer Prizes that are annually awarded for Journalism. It has been awarded since 1979 for an example of feature writing giving prime consideration to high literary quality and originality. Finalists have been announced from 1980, ordinarily two others beside the winner, in its first 35 years to 2013, the Feature Writing Pulitzer was awarded 34 times, none was given in 2004 and 2014, and it was never split. Gene Weingarten alone won it twice, in 2008 and 2010,1979, Jon D. Franklin, Baltimore Evening Sun, for Mrs. Kellys Monster, an account of brain surgery. 1980, Madeleine Blais, Miami Herald, for Zepps Last Stand,1981, Teresa Carpenter, Village Voice, for Death of a Playmate, her account of the death of actress-model Dorothy Stratten. 1982, Saul Pett, Associated Press, for an article profiling the federal bureaucracy, robertson, The New York Times, for Toxic Shock, her memorable and medically detailed account of her struggle with toxic shock syndrome. 1984, Peter Mark Rinearson, The Seattle Times, for Making It Fly, his 29, 000-word account of the development, manufacture,1985, Alice Steinbach, The Baltimore Sun, for her account of a blind boys world, A Boy of Unusual Vision. 1987, Steve Twomey, The Philadelphia Inquirer, for his profile of life aboard an aircraft carrier. 1988, Jacqui Banaszynski, St. Paul Pioneer Press and Dispatch, for her series about the life. 1989, David Zucchino, The Philadelphia Inquirer, for his richly compelling series,1990, Dave Curtin, Colorado Springs Gazette Telegraph, for a gripping account of a familys struggle to recover after its members were severely burned in an explosion that devastated their home. 1991, Sheryl James, St. Petersburg Times, for a series about a mother who abandoned her newborn child and how it affected her life. 1992, Howell Raines, The New York Times, for Gradys Gift, an account of the childhood friendship with his familys black housekeeper. The Washington Post, for his examination of his daughters murder by a violent man who had slipped through the criminal justice system. 1994, Isabel Wilkerson, The New York Times, for her profile of a fourth-grader from Chicagos South Side and for two stories reporting on the Midwestern flood of 1993. 1995, Ron Suskind, The Wall Street Journal, for his stories about inner-city honor students in Washington, D. C. and their determination to survive and prosper. These articles would become his first book A Hope in the Unseen 1996, Rick Bragg, The New York Times. 1997, Lisa Pollak, The Baltimore Sun, for her portrait of a baseball umpire who endured the death of a son while knowing that another son suffers from the same deadly genetic disease. Henderson, The Wall Street Journal, for his portrait of a druggist who is driven to violence by his encounters with armed robbery,2000, J. R.2001, Tom Hallman, Jr
10.
Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Writing
–
The Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Writing is one of the fourteen American Pulitzer Prizes that are annually awarded for Journalism. Thus it is one of the original Pulitzers, for the program was inaugurated in 1917 with seven prizes, the program has also recognized opinion journalism with its Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Cartooning from 1922. Finalists have been announced from 1980, ordinarily two others beside the winner, one person ordinarily wins the award for work with one newspaper or with affiliated papers, and that was true without exception between 1936 and 1977. In the early years, several newspapers were recognized without naming any writer, several times from 1977, two or three people have shared the award for their work with one paper. In its first 97 years to 2013, the Editorial Writing Pulitzer was awarded 89 times, in nine years there was no award given and there were two prizes in 1936. 1927, F. P. Chase, Atlantic News-Telegraph, for an editorial titled,1935, no award given 1936, Felix Morley, The Washington Post, for distinguished editorial writing during the year 1936, George B. The Gainesville Sun, for his editorials in support of the desegregation of Floridas schools. Bethlehem Globe-Times, for his campaign to reduce racial tensions in Bethlehem 1973
11.
Pulitzer Prize for Breaking News Photography
–
The Pulitzer Prize for Breaking News Photography is one of the American Pulitzer Prizes annually awarded for journalism. From 2000 it has used the breaking news name but it is considered a continuation of the Pulitzer Prize for Spot News Photography, there were 33 Spot News Photography prizes awarded in 32 years including two in 1977. 1968, Rocco Morabito, Jacksonville Journal, for his photograph of telephone linemen,1969, Edward T. Adams, Associated Press, for his photograph, Saigon Execution. 1970, Steve Starr, Associated Press, for his news photo taken at Cornell University, Campus Guns. 1971, John Paul Filo, Valley Daily News/Daily Dispatch, of the Pittsburgh suburbs of Tarentum and New Kensington,1972, Horst Faas and Michel Laurent, Associated Press, for their picture series, Death in Dacca. 1973, Huynh Cong Ut, Associated Press, for his photograph, The Terror of War,1974, Anthony K. Roberts, a freelance photographer of Beverly Hills, California, for his picture series, Fatal Hollywood Drama, in which an alleged kidnapper was killed. 1975, Gerald H. Gay, Seattle Times, for his photograph of four exhausted firefighters,1976, Stanley Forman, Boston Herald-American, for his sequence of photographs of a fire in Boston on July 22,1975. 1977, Neal Ulevich, of the Associated Press, for a series of photographs of disorder,1978, John H. Blair, a special assignment photographer for United Press International, for a photograph of Tony Kiritsis holding an Indianapolis broker hostage at gunpoint. 1979, Thomas J. Kelly III, Pottstown Mercury, Pennsylvania,1980, Anonymous, Ettelaat, United Press International, for Firing Squad in Iran. In 2006, the identity was revealed to be Jahangir Razmi. Price, Fort Worth Star-Telegram, for his photographs from Liberia,1982, Ron Edmonds, Associated Press, for his coverage of the Reagan assassination attempt. 1983, Bill Foley, Associated Press, for his series of pictures of victims,1984, Stan Grossfeld, Boston Globe, for his series of photographs which reveal the effects of war on the people of Lebanon. 1985, Photography staff, Register, Santa Ana, California,1986, Carol Guzy and Michel duCille, Miami Herald, for their photographs of the devastation caused by the eruption of the Nevado del Ruiz volcano in Colombia. 1987, Kim Komenich, San Francisco Examiner, for his coverage of the fall of Ferdinand Marcos. 1988, Scott Shaw, Odessa American, for his photograph of the child Jessica McClure being rescued from the well into which she had fallen. 1989, Ron Olshwanger, a photographer, for a picture published in the St. Louis Post-Dispatch of a firefighter giving mouth-to-mouth resuscitation to a child pulled from a burning building. 1990, Photo staff of the Oakland Tribune, California, for their photographs of devastation caused by the Loma Prieta earthquake of October 17,1989. The Oakland Tribune team consisted of Tom Duncan, Angela Pancrazio, Pat Greenhouse, Reginald Pearman, Matthew Lee, Gary Reyes, Michael Macor, Ron Riesterer, Paul Miller, Roy H. Williams
12.
Pulitzer Prize for Feature Photography
–
The Pulitzer Prize for Feature Photography is one of the American Pulitzer Prizes annually awarded for journalism. It recognizes a distinguished example of photography in black and white or color, which may consist of a photograph or photographs. One Feature Photography Pulitzer has been awarded annually from 1968 without exception,1968, Toshio Sakai, United Press International, for his Vietnam War combat photograph, Dreams of Better Times. 1969, Moneta Sleet Jr. of Ebony magazine, for his photograph of Martin Luther King Jr. s widow and child,1970, Dallas Kinney, Palm Beach Post, for his portfolio of pictures of Florida migrant workers, Migration to Misery. 1971, Jack Dykinga, Chicago Sun-Times, for his dramatic and sensitive photographs at the Lincoln,1972, David Hume Kennerly, United Press International, for his dramatic photographs of the Vietnam War in 1971. 1973, Brian Lanker, Topeka Capital-Journal, for his sequence on child birth, as exemplified by his photograph,1974, Slava Veder, Associated Press, for his picture Burst of Joy, which illustrated the return of an American prisoner of war from captivity in North Vietnam. 1975, Matthew Lewis, Washington Post, for his photographs in color and black,1976, Photographic staff of the Louisville Courier-Journal and Times, for a comprehensive pictorial report on busing in Louisvilles schools. 1977, Robin Hood, Chattanooga News-Free Press, for his photograph of a disabled veteran,1978, J. Ross Baughman, Associated Press, for three photographs from guerrilla areas in Rhodesia. 1979, Staff photographers of the Boston Herald American, for coverage of the blizzard of 1978. 1980, Erwin H. Hagler, Dallas Times Herald, for a series on the Western cowboy,1981, Taro Yamasaki, Detroit Free Press, for his photographs of Jackson State Prison, Michigan. 1982, John H. White, Chicago Sun-Times, for excellent work on a variety of subjects. Dickman, Dallas Times Herald, for his photographs of life. 1985, Stan Grossfeld, Boston Globe, for his series of photographs of the famine in Ethiopia,1986, Tom Gralish, The Philadelphia Inquirer, for his series of photographs of Philadelphias homeless. Peterson, Des Moines Register, for his photographs depicting the shattered dreams of American farmers,1988, Michel duCille, Miami Herald, for photographs portraying the decay and subsequent rehabilitation of a housing project overrun by the drug crack. 1989, Manny Crisostomo, Detroit Free Press, for his series of photographs depicting student life at Southwestern High School in Detroit, turnley, Detroit Free Press, for photographs of the political uprisings in China and Eastern Europe. 1991, William Snyder, The Dallas Morning News, for his photographs of ill,1992, John Kaplan, Block Newspapers, Toledo, Ohio, for his photographs depicting the diverse lifestyles of seven 21-year-olds across the United States. 1993, Staff of Associated Press, for its portfolio of images drawn from the 1992 presidential campaign,1995, Staff of Associated Press, for its portfolio of photographs chronicling the horror and devastation in Rwanda. 1996, Stephanie Welsh, a free-lancer, for her shocking sequence of photos, published by Newhouse News Service,1997, Alexander Zemlianichenko, Associated Press, for his photograph of Russian President Boris Yeltsin dancing at a rock concert during his campaign for re-election
13.
Pulitzer Prize for Criticism
–
The Pulitzer Prize for Criticism has been presented since 1970 to a newspaper writer who has demonstrated distinguished criticism. Recipients of the award are chosen by an independent board and officially administered by Columbia University, the Pulitzer Committee issues an official citation explaining the reasons for the award. The Criticism Pulitzer has been awarded to one person annually except in 1992 when it was not awarded—43 prizes in 44 years 1970–2013, no person has won it twice. 1970, Ada Louise Huxtable, The New York Times, for distinguished criticism during 19691971, Harold C
14.
Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Cartooning
–
The Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Cartoon is one of the fourteen American Pulitzer Prizes that are annually awarded for Journalism. Finalists have been announced from 1980, ordinarily two others beside the winner, in its first 92 years to 2013, the Editorial Cartooning Pulitzer was awarded 87 times, none was given in five years and it was never split. Many cartoonists won it more than once. 1935, Ross A. Lewis, Milwaukee Journal, for Sure, Ill Work for Both Sides 1936, no award given 1937, C. D. Batchelor, New York Daily News, for Come on in, Ill treat you right. Berryman, Evening Star, for Where Is the Boat Going, goldberg, New York Sun, for Peace Today 1949, Lute Pease, Newark Evening News, for Who Me. The award is given for distinguished body of the work of Mr. Fitzpatrick in both 1954 and his entire career. Mauldin, St. Louis Post-Dispatch, for I won the Nobel Prize for Literature, oliphant, The Denver Post, for They Wont Get Us To The Conference Table. 2016, Jack Ohman of The Sacramento Bee for cartoons that convey wry, rueful perspectives through sophisticated style that combines bold line work with subtle colors, through 2013, seventeen people have won the Editorial Cartooning Pulitzer twice and five of them have won it three times. Nelson Harding won the prize consecutively in 1927 and 1928 and this book chronologically states the awards, displays the artwork, and then describes the cartoon, Heinz-Dietrich Fischer. Political Caricatures on Global Issues, Pulitzer Prize Winning Editorial Cartoons
15.
Pulitzer Prize for Public Service
–
The Pulitzer Prize for Public Service is one of the fourteen American Pulitzer Prizes annually awarded for journalism. The Public Service prize was one of the original Pulitzers, established in 1917 and it is the only prize in the program that awards a gold medal and is the most prestigious one for a newspaper to win. As with other Pulitzer Prizes, a committee of jurors narrows the field to three nominees, from which the Pulitzer Board generally picks a winner and finalists, finalists have been made public since 1980. The Pulitzer Board issues an official citation explaining the reason for the award, in its first 97 years to 2013, the Public Service Pulitzer was awarded 96 times. There were four years for which no award was given, in 1950,1951,1953,1955 and 1959, prizes were awarded to two newspapers. A reporter was first named in 1947, recently that has more common. 1919, Milwaukee Journal, for its strong and courageous campaign for Americanism in a constituency where foreign elements made such a policy hazardous from a point of view. 1920, no award given 1921, Boston Post, for its exposure of the operations of Charles Ponzi by a series of articles which finally led to his arrest. 1922, New York World, for exposing the operations of the Ku Klux Klan. 1923, Memphis Commercial Appeal, for its courageous attitude in the publication of cartoons,1928, Indianapolis Times, for its work in exposing political corruption to Indiana, prosecuting the guilty and bringing about a more wholesome state of affairs in civil government. 1930, no award given 1931, The Atlanta Constitution, for a successful municipal graft exposure,1932, Indianapolis News, for its successful campaign to eliminate waste in city management and to reduce the tax levy. McKee, and the exposing the lottery schemes of various fraternal organizations. 1934, Medford Mail Tribune, for its campaign against unscrupulous politicians in Jackson County,1935, The Sacramento Bee, for its campaign against political machine influence in the appointment of two Federal judges in Nevada. 1936, Cedar Rapids Gazette, for its crusade against corruption,1937, St. Louis Post-Dispatch, for its exposure of wholesale fraudulent registration in St. Louis. 1938, Bismarck Tribune, for its news reports and editorials entitled,1939, Miami Daily News, for its campaign for the recall of the Miami City Commission. 1940, Waterbury Republican & American, for its campaign exposing municipal graft,1941, St. Louis Post-Dispatch, for its successful campaign against the city smoke nuisance. 1942, Los Angeles Times, for its campaign which resulted in the clarification and confirmation for all American newspapers of the right of free press as guaranteed under the Constitution. 1943, Omaha World-Herald, for its initiative and originality in planning a campaign for the collection of scrap metal for the war effort
16.
Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography
–
The Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography is one of the seven American Pulitzer Prizes that are annually awarded for Letters, Drama, and Music. It has been presented since 1917 for a biography or autobiography by an American author or co-authors. Thus it is one of the original Pulitzers, for the program was inaugurated in 1917 with seven prizes, finalists have been announced from 1980, ordinarily two others beside the winner. In its first 97 years to 2013, the Biography Pulitzer was awarded 97 times, two were given in 1938, none in 1962. Pupin 1925, Barrett Wendell and His Letters by M. A. Dewolfe Howe 1926, B. Sherwood 1950, John Quincy Adams and the Foundations of American Foreign Policy by Samuel Flagg Bemis 1951, John C. Robert Oppenheimer by Kai Bird and Martin J. W, brands 2010, The First Tycoon, The Epic Life of Cornelius Vanderbilt by T. J. Pulitzer Prize for History Media related to Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography winners at Wikimedia Commons
17.
Pulitzer Prize for General Nonfiction
–
The Pulitzer Prize for General Nonfiction is one of the seven American Pulitzer Prizes that are annually awarded for Letters, Drama, and Music. Finalists have been announced from 1980, ordinarily two others beside the winner, in its first 52 years to 2013, the Nonfiction Pulitzer was awarded 55 times, two prizes were given in 1969,1973, and 1986. Two people won the prize as co-authors in 1968,1990, barbara Tuchman and E. O. Wilson have won two Nonfiction prizes each. 2 and 3, by Robert Coles 1974, The Denial of Death by Ernest Becker 1975, Pilgrim at Tinker Creek by Annie Dillard 1976, harris, The Death of the Scarsdale Diet Doctor by Diana Trilling 1983, Is There No Place on Earth for Me. Barbara Tuchman,1963 for The Guns of August and 1972 for Stilwell and the American Experience in China E. O
18.
Pulitzer Prize for History
–
The Pulitzer Prize for History, administered by Columbia University, is one of the seven American Pulitzer Prizes that are annually awarded for Letters, Drama, and Music. It has been presented since 1917 for a book about the history of the United States. Thus it is one of the original Pulitzers, for the program was inaugurated in 1917 with seven prizes, the Pulitzer Prize program has also recognized some historical work with its Biography prize, from 1917, and its General Non-Fiction prize, from 1952. Finalists have been announced from 1980, ordinarily two others beside the winner, in its first 97 years to 2013, the History Pulitzer was awarded 95 times. Two prizes were given in 1989, none in 1919,1984, four people have won two each, Margaret Leech, Bernard Bailyn, Paul Horgan and Alan Taylor. 1980, Been in the Storm So Long by Leon F. Litwack The Plains Across by John B. Unruh The Urban Crucible by Gary B, media related to Pulitzer Prize for History winners at Wikimedia Commons
19.
Pulitzer Prize for Poetry
–
The Pulitzer Prize for Poetry is one of the seven American Pulitzer Prizes that are annually awarded for Letters, Drama, and Music. It has been presented since 1922 for a volume of original verse by an American author. Finalists have been announced from 1980, ordinarily two others beside the winner, the 1918 and 1919 Pulitzers included Special Citations for poetry books, made possible by a special grant from The Poetry Society, which the Pulitzer program now lists as Poetry prizes. 1918, Sara Teasdale 1919, Carl Sandburg 1919, Margaret Widdemer In its first 92 years to 2013, two were given in 2008, none in 1946. Robert Frost won the four times and several others won it more than once. 1922, Collected Poems by Edwin Arlington Robinson 1923, The Ballad of the Harp-Weaver, A Few Figs from Thistles, merwin,1971,2009 Carl Sandburg won one of the special prizes for his poetry in 1919 and won the Poetry Pulitzer in 1951. American poetry List of poetry awards Media related to Pulitzer Prize for Poetry winners at Wikimedia Commons
20.
Pulitzer Prize for Drama
–
The Pulitzer Prize for Drama is one of the seven American Pulitzer Prizes that are annually awarded for Letters, Drama, and Music. It is one of the original Pulitzers, for the program was inaugurated in 1917 with seven prizes and it recognizes a theatrical work staged in the U. S. during the preceding calendar year. The drama jury, which consists of one academic and four critics, attends plays in New York, in 1955 Joseph Pulitzer, Jr. Edward Albees Whos Afraid of Virginia Woolf. was selected for the 1963 Pulitzer Prize for Drama by that awards committee. However, the selection was overruled by the awards advisory board. Had Albee been awarded, he would be tied with Eugene ONeill for the most Pulitzer Prizes for Drama, in its first 98 years to 2013, the Drama Pulitzer was awarded 82 times, none were given in 15 years and it was never split. Many of the prizes were won by people for their collaboration. * Star marks winners of the annual Tony Award for Best Play or Best Musical,1917, no award 1918, Why Marry. – Jesse Lynch Williams 1919, no award Nine musicals have won the Pulitzer Prize for Drama and they are, George and Ira Gershwins Of Thee I Sing, Rodgers and Hammersteins South Pacific, Bock & Harnicks Fiorello. Of Thee I Sing, Sunday in the Park with George, however, Of Thee I Sing opened when the Tony Awards did not exist, and Next to Normal won the Tony Award for Best Original Score and the Tony Award for Best Orchestrations. The award goes to the playwright, although production of the play is taken into account. In the case of a musical being awarded the prize, the composer, lyricist, the reason given was that the Pulitzer Prize for Drama is a dramatic award, and not a musical one. Additionally, since 1983, when the identity of finalists was first disclosed and they are, Lee Breuer and Bob Telsons The Gospel at Colonus, Lin-Manuel Miranda and Quiara Alegría Hudes In the Heights, and Jeanine Tesori and Lisa Krons Fun Home. The latter two shows, however, each won the Tony Award for Best Musical, ¹All listed dates are Prize years. Generally, the musical in question opened in New York during either the preceding year or the preceding Broadway season. Eugene ONeill won the Pulitzer for Drama four times, three in the 1920s, several people have won two or three. Media related to Pulitzer Prize for Drama winners at Wikimedia Commons
21.
Pulitzer Prize for Music
–
The Pulitzer Prize for Music is one of the seven American Pulitzer Prizes that are annually awarded for Letters, Drama, and Music. It was first awarded in 1943, joseph Pulitzer did not call for such a prize in his will, but had arranged for a music scholarship to be awarded each year. Because of the requirement that the composition had its premiere during the year of its award. In 2004 the terms were modified to read, For a distinguished musical composition by an American that has had its first performance or recording in the United States during the year, in 1965, the jury unanimously decided that no major work was worthy of the Pulitzer Prize. In lieu they recommended a special citation be given to Duke Ellington in recognition of the body of his work, Ellington responded, Fate is being kind to me. Fate doesnt want me to be too famous too young, most Americans still take it for granted that European-based music—classical music, if you will—is the only really respectable kind. In 1996, after years of debate, the Pulitzer Prize board announced a change in the criteria for the music prize so as to attract the best of a wider range of American music. The result was that the following year Wynton Marsalis became the first jazz artist to win the Pulitzer Prize. However, his victory was controversial because according to the Pulitzer guidelines, his winning work, a three-hour-long oratorio about slavery, Blood on the Fields, should not have been eligible. Although a winning work was supposed to have had its first performance during that year, Marsalis piece premiered on April 1,1994 and its recording, yet, the piece won the 1997 prize. Marsalis management had submitted a version of Blood on the Fields which was premiered at Yale University after the composer made seven small changes. Six women have been awarded the Pulitzer Prize, Ellen Taaffe Zwilich,1983, Shulamit Ran,1991, Melinda Wagner,1999, Jennifer Higdon,2010, Caroline Shaw,2013, and Julia Wolfe,2015. In addition to being the first woman to receive the award, in 1992 the music jury, which that year consisted of George Perle, Roger Reynolds, and Harvey Sollberger, selected Ralph Shapeys Concerto Fantastique for the award. However, the Pulitzer Board rejected that decision and chose to give the prize to the second choice, Wayne Petersons The Face of the Night. The music jury responded with a statement stating that they had not been consulted in that decision. The Board responded that the Pulitzers are enhanced by having, in addition to the point of view, the laymans or consumers point of view. George Walker was the first African American composer to win the Prize, Walker is a graduate of the Oberlin Conservatory which he entered at the age of fourteen, and graduated at eighteen with the highest honors in his Conservatory class. Jay T. Harris, a member of the Pulitzer governing board said, the announced rule changes included altering the jury pool to include performers and presenters, in addition to composers and critics
22.
Pulitzer Prize Special Citations and Awards
–
The Pulitzer Prize jury has the option of awarding special citations where they consider necessary. 1924, A special prize of $1000 was awarded to the widow of Frank I, cobb, New York World, in recognition of the distinction of her husbands editorial writing and service. 1930, William O. Dapping, Auburn Citizen, a special prize for his reportorial work in connection with the outbreak at Auburn prison during December,1929. A special bronze plaque for its editorial leadership against the Accurate News and Information Act, in defense of the freedom of the press, in the Province of Alberta, Canada. 1945, Cartographers of the American press, for maps of the war fronts that have helped notably to clarify and increase public information on the progress of the Armies and Navies engaged. 1947, The St. Louis Post-Dispatch, for its adherence to the public and professional ideals of its founder. 1951, Cyrus L. Sulzberger of The New York Times for his interview with Archbishop Stepinac. 1951, The Advisory Board on the Pulitzer Prizes as a policy does not make any award to a member of the Board. The Board therefore made no award in the National Reporting category, a special citation for their program, The Road To Integration, a distinguished example of the use of a newspaper groups resources to complement the work of its individual newspapers. 1978, Richard Lee Strout, for distinguished commentary from Washington over many years as staff correspondent for The Christian Science Monitor and contributor to The New Republic,1918, Love Songs by Sara Teasdale. This award was possible by a special grant from The Poetry Society. 1919, Corn Huskers by Carl Sandburg and this award was made possible by a special grant from The Poetry Society. 1919, Old Road to Paradise by Margaret Widdemer and this award was made possible by a special grant from The Poetry Society. A special citation is awarded to Kenneth Roberts for his novels which have long contributed to the creation of greater interest in our early American history. 1960, A special citation is awarded to The Defeat of the Spanish Armada by Garrett Mattingly, published by Houghton and it is a first class history and a literary work of high order. 1961, American Heritage Picture History of the Civil War, a special citation is given to The American Heritage Picture History of the Civil War as a distinguished example of American book publishing. A special citation to George Washington, Vols, a special award to Alex Haley for Roots, the story of a black family from its origins in Africa through seven generations to the present day in America. A special citation to E. B, white for his letters, essays and the full body of his work
23.
Booth Tarkington
–
Newton Booth Tarkington was an American novelist and dramatist best known for his novels The Magnificent Ambersons and Alice Adams. He is one of only three novelists to win the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction more than once, along with William Faulkner, Booth Tarkington was born in Indianapolis, Indiana, the son of John S. Tarkington and Elizabeth Booth Tarkington. He was named after his maternal uncle Newton Booth, then the governor of California and he was also related to Chicago Mayor James Hutchinson Woodworth through Woodworths wife Almyra Booth Woodworth. Tarkington first attended Shortridge High School in Indianapolis, but completed his education at Phillips Exeter Academy. He attended Purdue University for two years, where he was a member of the Sigma Chi Fraternity and the universitys Morley Eating Club and he later made substantial donations to Purdue for building an all-mens residence hall, which the university named Tarkington Hall in his honor. Purdue awarded him an honorary doctorate, some of his familys wealth returned after the Panic of 1873, and his mother transferred Booth from Purdue to Princeton University. At Princeton, Tarkington is said to have known as Tark among his fellow Eating Club members. He was active as a student-actor and served as president of Princetons Dramatic Association, according to Triangles official history, Tarkington made his first acting appearance in the clubs Shakespearean spoof Katherine. This was one of the first three productions in the Triangles history that was written and produced by Princeton students, Tarkington established this Triangle tradition for productions of students plays, and it remains to the present day. Tarkington returned to the Triangle stage as Cassius in the 1893 production The Honorable Julius Caesar and he gained prominence that year at Princeton as a co-author of the play. In addition to his role as a member of The Triangle Club, he was also among the earliest members of the Ivy Club. He edited the Princetons Nassau Literary Magazine, known more recently as The Nassau Lit, while an undergraduate, he is known to have socialized with Woodrow Wilson, an associate graduate member of the Ivy Club. Wilson returned to Princeton as a member of the science faculty shortly before Tarkington matriculated. Tarkington failed to earn his degree of A. B. because of missing a single course in the classics. Nevertheless, his place within campus society was determined. In his adult life, he was asked to return to Princeton for the conferral of honorary degrees, an A. M. in 1899. The conferral of more than one honorary degree on an alumnus of Princeton University remains a university record, while Tarkington never earned a college degree, he was accorded many awards recognizing and honoring his skills and accomplishments as an author. He won the Pulitzer Prize in fiction twice, in 1919 and 1922, for his novels The Magnificent Ambersons, in 1921 booksellers rated him the most significant contemporary American author in a poll conducted by Publishers Weekly
24.
William Faulkner
–
William Cuthbert Faulkner was an American writer and Nobel Prize laureate from Oxford, Mississippi. Faulkner wrote novels, short stories, a play, poetry, essays and he is primarily known for his novels and short stories set in the fictional Yoknapatawpha County, based on Lafayette County, Mississippi, where he spent most of his life. Faulkner is one of the most celebrated writers in American literature generally, two of his works, A Fable and his last novel The Reivers, won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction. Absalom, Absalom. is often included on similar lists, Faulkner was born William Cuthbert Falkner in New Albany, Mississippi, the first of four sons of Murry Cuthbert Falkner and Maud Butler. He had three brothers, Murry Charles Jack Falkner, author John Faulkner, and Dean Swift Falkner. Soon after his first birthday, his family moved to Ripley, Mississippi, Murry hoped to inherit the railroad from his father, John Wesley Thompson Falkner, but John had little confidence in Murrys ability to run a business and sold it for $75,000. Following the sale of the business, Murry became disappointed and planned a new start for his family by moving to Texas. Maud, however, disagreed with this proposition, and it was decided that they would move to Oxford, Mississippi, where Murrys father owned several businesses, making it easy for Murry to find work. Thus, four days prior to Williams fifth birthday on September 21,1902, the Falkner family settled in Oxford and his family, particularly his mother Maud, his maternal grandmother Lelia Butler, and Caroline Callie Barr crucially influenced the development of Faulkners artistic imagination. Both his mother and grandmother were avid readers and also painters and photographers, while Murry enjoyed the outdoors and encouraged his sons to hunt, track, and fish, Maud valued education and took pleasure in reading and going to church. She taught her sons to read before sending them to school and exposed them to classics such as Charles Dickens. Faulkners lifelong education by Callie Barr is central to his novels preoccupations with the politics of sexuality, as a schoolchild, Faulkner had much success early on. He excelled in the first grade, skipped the second, and continued doing well through the third, however, beginning somewhere in the fourth and fifth grades of his schooling, Faulkner became a much more quiet and withdrawn child. He began to play hooky occasionally and became indifferent to his schoolwork. The decline of his performance in school continued, and Faulkner wound up repeating the eleventh, and then final grade, Faulkner also spent much of his boyhood listening to stories told to him by his elders. These included war stories shared by the old men of Oxford and stories told by Barr of the Civil War, slavery, the Ku Klux Klan, and the Falkner family. Faulkners grandfather would tell him of the exploits of Williams great-grandfather, after whom he was named, William Clark Falkner, who was a successful businessman, writer. Telling stories about William Clark Falkner, whom the family called Old Colonel, had become something of a family pastime when Faulkner was a boy
. The New York Times. Retrieved 2018-04-19. 
