1.
Pulitzer Prize
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The Pulitzer Prize /ˈpʊlᵻtsər/ is an award for achievements in newspaper, magazine and online journalism, literature, and musical composition in the United States. It was established in 1917 by provisions in the will of American Joseph Pulitzer who had made his fortune as a newspaper publisher, Prizes are awarded yearly in twenty-one categories. In twenty of the categories, each receives a certificate. The winner in the service category of the journalism competition is awarded a gold medal. The Pulitzer Prize does not automatically consider all applicable works in the media, entries must fit in at least one of the specific prize categories, and cannot simply gain entrance for being literary or musical. Works can also only be entered in a maximum of two categories, regardless of their properties, each year,102 jurors are selected by the Pulitzer Prize Board to serve on 20 separate juries for the 21 award categories, one jury makes recommendations for both photography awards. For each award category, a jury makes three nominations, the board selects the winner by majority vote from the nominations or bypasses the nominations and selects a different entry following a 75% majority vote. The board can also vote to issue no award, the board and journalism jurors are not paid for their work, however, the jurors in letters, music, and drama receive a $2,000 honorarium for the year, and each chair receives $2,500. Anyone whose work has been submitted is called an entrant, the jury selects a group of nominated finalists and announces them, together with the winner for each category. However, some journalists who were submitted, but not nominated as finalists. For example, Bill Dedman of msnbc, Dedman wrote, To call that submission a Pulitzer nomination is like saying that Adam Sandler is an Oscar nominee if Columbia Pictures enters Thats My Boy in the Academy Awards. Many readers realize that the Oscars dont work that way—the studios dont pick the nominees and its just a way of slipping Academy Awards into a bio. The Pulitzers also dont work that way, but fewer people know that, newspaper publisher Joseph Pulitzer gave money in his will to Columbia University to launch a journalism school and establish the Prize. It allocated $250,000 to the prize and scholarships and he specified four awards in journalism, four in letters and drama, one in education, and four traveling scholarships. After his death, the first Pulitzer Prizes were awarded June 4,1917, many people have won more than one Pulitzer Prize. Nelson Harding is the person to have won a Prize in two consecutive years, the Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Cartooning in 1927 and 1928. Four prizes Robert Frost, Poetry Eugene ONeill, Drama Robert E, in rare instances, contributors to the entry are singled out in the citation in a manner analogous to individual winners. Journalism awards may be awarded to individuals or newspapers or newspaper staffs, infrequently, Awards are made in categories relating to journalism, arts, letters and fiction
2.
Joseph Pulitzer
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Joseph Pulitzer was a Hungarian-American newspaper publisher of the St. Louis Post Dispatch and the New York World. Pulitzer introduced the techniques of yellow journalism to the newspapers he acquired in the 1880s and he became a leading national figure in the Democratic Party and was elected congressman from New York. He crusaded against big business and corruption, and helped keep the Statue of Liberty in New York. Today, he is best known for the Pulitzer Prizes, which were established in 1917 by money he bequeathed to Columbia University to recognize artistic and journalistic achievements in the United States. The prizes are given annually to award achievements in American journalism and photography, as well as literature and history, poetry, music, Pulitzer founded the Columbia School of Journalism by his philanthropic bequest, it opened in 1912. He was born as Pulitzer József in Makó, about 200 km south-east of Budapest in Hungary, the Pulitzers were among several Jewish families living in the area, and had established a reputation as merchants and shopkeepers. Josephs father was a businessman, regarded as the second of the foremost merchants of Makó. Their ancestors emigrated from Moravia to Hungary at the end of the 18th century, in 1853, Fülöp Pulitzer was rich enough to retire. He moved his family to Pest, where he had the children educated by private tutors, in 1858, after Fülöps death, his business went bankrupt, and the family became impoverished. Joseph attempted to enlist in various European armies for work before emigrating to the United States, Pulitzer arrived in Boston in 1864 at the age of 17, his passage having been paid by Massachusetts military recruiters who were seeking soldiers for the long American Civil War. Learning that the recruiters were pocketing the lions share of his enlistment bounty, Pulitzer snuck away from the Deer Island recruiting station and he was paid $200 to enroll in the Lincoln Cavalry on September 30. He was a part of Sheridans troopers, in the First New York Lincoln Cavalry in Company L. where he served for eight months. Although he spoke three languages, German, Hungarian, and French, Pulitzer learned little English until after the war because his regiment was composed mostly of German immigrants, after the war, Pulitzer returned to New York City, where he stayed briefly. He moved to New Bedford, Massachusetts for the whaling industry and he returned to New York with little money. Flat broke, he slept in wagons on cobblestone side streets and he decided to travel by side-door Pullman to St. Louis, Missouri. He sold his one possession, a handkerchief, for 75 cents. When Pulitzer arrived at the city, he recalled, The lights of St. Louis looked like a land to me. In the city, his German was as useful as it was in Munich because of the large ethnic German population, in the Westliche Post, he saw an ad for a mule hostler at Benton Barracks
3.
Pulitzer Prize for Breaking News Reporting
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The Pulitzer Prize for Breaking News Reporting is a Pulitzer Prize awarded for a distinguished example of breaking news, local reporting on news of the moment. The Pulitzer Committee issues an official citation explaining the reasons for the award,1953, Editorial Staff of Providence Journal and Evening Bulletin, for their spontaneous and cooperative coverage of a bank robbery and police chase leading to the capture of the bandit. 1954, Staff of Vicksburg Sunday Post-Herald, for its coverage of the tornado of December 5,1953. Mrs. Brown dug into the facts behind the dramatic events, as well. 1957, Staff of Salt Lake Tribune, for its prompt,1958, Staff of Fargo Forum, for its swift, vivid and detailed news and picture coverage of a tornado which struck Fargo on June 20. 1961, Sanche De Gramont, for his account of the death of Leonard Warren on the Metropolitan Opera stage. 1962, Robert D. Mullins, Deseret News, Salt Lake City, UT, For his resourceful coverage of a murder and kidnapping at Dead Horse Point, Utah. 1967, Sylvan Fox, Anthony Shannon, William Longgood, New York World-Telegram and Sun for their reporting of an air crash in Jamaica Bay, killing 95 persons on March 1,1962. 1964, Norman C. Miller The Wall Street Journal, for his account of a multi-million dollar vegetable oil swindle in New Jersey. 1965, Melvin H.1966, Staff Los Angeles Times,1967, Robert V. Cox Chambersburg Public Opinion, for his vivid deadline reporting of a mountain manhunt that ended with the killing of a deranged sniper who had terrorized the community. 1969, John Fetterman Louisville Times and Courier-Journal, for his article, Pfc. Gibson Comes Home,1970, Thomas Fitzpatrick Chicago Sun-Times, for his article about the violence of youthful radicals in Chicago, A Wild Nights Ride With SDS. 1971, Staff Akron Beacon Journal, for its coverage of the Kent State University tragedy on May 4,1970,1972, Richard Cooper and John Machacek Rochester Times-Union, for their coverage of the Attica, New York prison riot. 1973, Staff Chicago Tribune, for uncovering flagrant violations of voting procedures in the election of March 21,1972. 1974, Arthur M. Petacque and Hugh F. Hough Chicago Sun-Times,1975, Staff Xenia Daily Gazette, for its coverage, under enormous difficulties, of the tornado that wrecked the city on April 3,1974. 1977, Margo Huston The Milwaukee Journal, for her reports on the elderly,1979, Staff San Diego Evening Tribune, for its coverage of the collision of a Pacific Southwest air liner with a small plane over its city. 1980, Staff The Philadelphia Inquirer, for coverage of the accident at Three Mile Island. 1981, Staff Longview Daily News, for its coverage of the Mt. St. Helens story,1982, Staff Kansas City Star and Kansas City Times, for coverage of the Hyatt Regency Hotel disaster and identification of its causes. 1983, Editorial Staff Fort Wayne News-Sentinel, for its courageous,1984, Newsday team of reporters Newsday, Long Island, NY, for their enterprising and comprehensive coverage of the Baby Jane Doe case and its far-reaching social and political implications
4.
Pulitzer Prize for Investigative Reporting
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It is administered by the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism in New York City. From 1953 through 1963, the category was known as The Pulitzer Prize for Local Reporting, from 1964 to 1984, it was known as The Pulitzer Prize for Local Investigative Specialized Reporting. The Pulitzer Committee issues an official citation explaining the reasons for the award,1953, Edward J. Mowery, New York World-Telegram & Sun, for his reporting of the facts which brought vindication and freedom to Louis Hoffner. 1954, Alvin McCoy, The Kansas City Star, for a series of stories which led to the resignation under fire of C. Wesley Roberts as Republican National Chairman. 1955, Roland Kenneth Towery, Cuero Record, for his series of articles exposing a scandal in the administration of the Veterans Land Program in Texas. 1956, Arthur Daley, The New York Times, for his coverage and commentary on the world of sports in his daily column. They fulfilled their assignments despite great handicaps and the risk of reprisal from lawless elements,1960, Miriam Ottenberg, Evening Star, for a series of seven articles exposing a used-car racket in Washington, D. C. that victimized many unwary buyers. The series led to new regulations to protect the public and served to alert other communities to such sharp practices, the series brought about reforms that attracted nationwide attention. 1962, George Bliss, Chicago Tribune, for his initiative in uncovering scandals in the Metropolitan Sanitary District of Greater Chicago, with resultant remedial action. 1963, Oscar Griffin, Jr.1964, James V. Magee, Albert V.1965, Gene Goltz, Houston Post, for his expose of government corruption Pasadena, Texas, which resulted in widespread reforms. 1966, John Anthony Frasca, Tampa Tribune, for his investigation,1967, Gene Miller, Miami Herald, for initiative and investigative reporting that helped to free two persons wrongfully convicted of murder. 1968, J. Anthony Lukas, The New York Times, for the document he wrote in his investigation of the life. 1969, Al Delugach and Denny Walsh, St. Louis Globe-Democrat, for their campaign against fraud and abuse of power within the St. Louis Steamfitters Union, Local 562. 1970, Harold Eugene Martin, Montgomery Advertiser and Alabama Journal, for his expose of a scheme for using Alabama prisoners for drug experimentation. 1971, William Jones, Chicago Tribune, for exposing collusion between police and some of Chicagos largest private companies to restrict service in low income areas. 1972, Timothy Leland, Gerard M. ONeill, Stephen A. Kurkjian and Ann Desantis, Boston Globe, for their exposure of corruption in Somerville. 1974, William Sherman, New York Daily News, for his investigative reporting in the exposure of extreme abuse of the New York Medicaid program. 1975, Indianapolis Star, for its disclosures of local corruption and dilatory law enforcement
5.
Pulitzer Prize for Explanatory Reporting
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From 1985 to 1997, it was known as the Pulitzer Prize for Explanatory Journalism. The Pulitzer Prize Board announced the new category in November 1984, the series, Making It Fly by Peter Rinearson of The Seattle Times, was a 29, 000-word account of the development of the Boeing 757 jetliner. It had been entered in the National Reporting category, but judges moved it to Feature Writing to award it a prize. In the aftermath, the Pulitzer Prize Board said it was creating the new category in part because of the ambiguity about where explanatory accounts such as Making It Fly should be recognized, the Pulitzer Committee issues an official citation explaining the reasons for the award. 1985, Jon Franklin, The Baltimore Evening Sun, for his seven-part series The Mind Fixers, about the new science of molecular psychiatry. 1986, Staff of The New York Times, for a comprehensive series on the Strategic Defense Initiative. 1987, Jeff Lyon and Peter Gorner, Chicago Tribune, for their series on the promises of gene therapy, which examined the implications of this revolutionary medical treatment. 1988, Daniel Hertzberg and James B, stewart, The Wall Street Journal, for their stories about an investment banker charged with insider trading and the critical day that followed the October 19,1987 Black Monday stock market crash. Faludi, The Wall Street Journal, for a report on the leveraged buy-out of Safeway Stores,1992, Robert S. Capers and Eric Lipton, Hartford Courant, for a series about the flawed Hubble Space Telescope that illustrated many of the problems plaguing USAs space program. 1993, Mike Toner, The Atlanta Journal-Constitution, for When Bugs Fight Back,1994, Ronald Kotulak, Chicago Tribune, for his lucid coverage of current developments in neurological science. 1996, Laurie Garrett, Newsday, for her courageous reporting from Zaire on the Ebola virus outbreak there,1998, Paul Salopek, Chicago Tribune, for his enlightening profile of the Human Genome Diversity Project, which seeks to chart the genetic relationship among all people. 1999, Richard Read, The Oregonian, for illustrating the domestic impact of the Asian economic crisis by profiling the local industry that exports frozen french fries. 2000, Eric Newhouse, Great Falls Tribune, for his examination of alcohol abuse. 2001, Staff of the Chicago Tribune, for Gateway to Gridlock, its clear,2003, Staff of The Wall Street Journal, for its clear, concise and comprehensive stories that illuminated the roots, significance and impact of corporate scandals in the US. This was originally nominated in the Public Service category, but was moved by the jury,2005, Gareth Cook, The Boston Globe, for explaining, with clarity and humanity, the complex scientific and ethical dimensions of stem cell research. 2006, David Finkel, The Washington Post, for his ambitious,2007, Kenneth R.2008, Amy Harmon of The New York Times, for her striking examination of the dilemmas and ethical issues that accompany DNA testing, using human stories to sharpen her reports. 2010 Michael Moss and members of The New York Times staff for relentless reporting on contaminated hamburger and other safety issues. List of prizes, medals, and awards Winners of the Pulitzer Prize for Explanatory Reporting, Winners of the Pulitzer Prize for Explanatory Journalism
6.
Pulitzer Prize for Local Reporting
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The Pulitzer Prize for Local Reporting is awarded to an example of local reporting that illuminates significant issues or concerns. This Pulitzer Prize was first awarded in 1948, like most Pulitzers the winner receives a $10,000 award. The Pulitzer Prize for Local Reporting was first awarded from 1948 until 1952, beginning in 1953, two awards for Local Reporting were given out by the committee, for Local Reporting, Edition Time and for Local Reporting, No Edition Time. In 1964 the Local Reporting Pulitzers were again renamed to Local Investigative Specialized Reporting and these prizes existed until 1984, when they were done away with. None of these prizes were reserved specifically for local reporting, in 2006, the prize committee announced that the Pulitzer Prize for Beat Reporting was going to be replaced by a recreated Pulitzer Prize for Local Reporting. Debbie Cenziper of The Miami Herald became the first reporter to win the re-created Pulitzer for Local Reporting, the Pulitzer Committee issues an official citation explaining the reasons for the award. 1948, George E. Goodwin, Atlanta Journal, For his story of the Telfair County vote fraud,1949, Malcolm Johnson, New York Sun, For his series of 24 articles entitled Crime on the Waterfront in New York City. 1950, Meyer Berger, The New York Times, For his 4,000 word story on the killings by Howard Unruh in Camden. 1951, Edward S. Montgomery, San Francisco Examiner, For his series of articles on tax frauds which culminated in an expose within the Bureau of Internal Revenue. 1952, George De Carvalho, San Francisco Chronicle, For his stories of a ransom racket extorting money from Chinese in the United States for relations held in Red China. 2007, Debbie Cenziper, Miami Herald, For reports on waste, favoritism and lack of oversight at the Miami housing agency that resulted in dismissals, investigations and prosecutions. 2008, David Umhoefer, Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, For his stories on the skirting of tax laws to pad pensions of county employees, prompting change,2009, Detroit Free Press Staff, and notably Jim Schaefer and M. L. Pulitzer. org Winners and Finalists – Local Reporting
7.
Pulitzer Prize for National Reporting
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This Pulitzer Prize has been awarded since 1942 for a distinguished example of reporting on national affairs. In its first six years, it was called the Pulitzer Prize for Telegraphic Reporting - National,1942, Louis Stark of The New York Times for his distinguished reporting of important labor stories during the year. 1943, No award given 1944, Dewey L. Fleming of The Baltimore Sun For his distinguished reporting during the year 1943,1945, James Reston of The New York Times for his news dispatches and interpretive articles on the Dumbarton Oaks security conference. 1947, Edward T. Folliard of The Washington Post for his series of articles published during 1946 on the Columbians, Inc. 1948, Nat S. Finney, Minneapolis Tribune, for his stories on the plan of the Truman administration to impose secrecy about the affairs of federal civilian agencies in peacetime. 1949, C. P. Trussel, New York Times,1950, Edwin O. Guthman, The Seattle Times, for his series on the clearing of Communist charges of Professor Melvin Rader, who had been accused of attending a secret Communist school. Mr. Lewis received the support of his newspaper in championing an American citizen, without adequate funds or resources for his defense. 1956, Charles L. Bartlett, Chattanooga Times, for his original disclosures that led to the resignation of Harold E. Talbott as Secretary of the Air Force. 1958, Clark Mollenhoff, Des Moines Register and Tribune, for his persistent inquiry into labor racketeering,1960, Vance Trimble, Scripps-Howard Newspaper Alliance, for a series of articles exposing the extent of nepotism in the Congress of the United States. 1961, Edward R. Cony, Wall Street Journal, for his analysis of a transaction which drew the attention of the public to the problems of business ethics. 1962, Nathan G. Caldwell and Gene S.1964, Merriman Smith, United Press International,1965, Louis M. Kohlmeier Jr. Wall Street Journal, for his enterprise in reporting the growth of the fortune of President Lyndon B. Johnson and his family. 1966, Haynes Johnson, Washington Evening Star, for his coverage of the civil rights conflict centered about Selma, Ala. 1967, Stanley Penn and Monroe Karmin, The Wall Street Journal,1968, Howard James, Christian Science Monitor, for his series of articles, Crisis in the Courts. 1969, Robert Cahn, Christian Science Monitor, for his inquiry into the future of our national parks and the methods that may help to preserve them. 1970, William J. Eaton, Chicago Daily News, for disclosures about the background of Judge Clement F. Haynesworth Jr. in connection with his nomination for the United States Supreme Court. 1971, Lucinda Franks and Thomas Powers, United Press International, for their documentary on the life and death of 28-year-old revolutionary Diana Oughton,1972, Jack Anderson, syndicated columnist, for his reporting of American policy decision-making during the Indo-Pakistan War of 1971. 1974, Jack White, Providence Journal and Evening Bulletin, for his initiative in exclusively disclosing President Nixons Federal income tax payments in 1970 and 1971. 1974, James R. Polk, Washington Star-News, for his disclosure of alleged irregularities in the financing of the campaign to re-elect President Nixon in 1972,1975, Donald L. Barlett and James B
8.
Pulitzer Prize for International Reporting
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This Pulitzer Prize has been awarded since 1942 for a distinguished example of reporting on international affairs, including United Nations correspondence. In its first six years, it was called the Pulitzer Prize for Telegraphic Reporting - International,1942, Laurence Edmund Allen, Associated Press, for reporting on the British Mediterranean Fleet. 1943, Ira Wolfert, North American Newspaper Alliance, for a series of articles on the battle of the Solomon Islands,1944, Daniel De Luce, Associated Press, for his distinguished reporting during the year 1943. 1945, Mark S. Watson, The Baltimore Sun, for distinguished reporting from Washington, London,1946, Homer Bigart, New York Herald Tribune, for distinguished war reporting from the Pacific. 1947, Eddy Gilmore, Associated Press, for his correspondence from Moscow in 1946,1948, Paul W. Ward, Baltimore Sun, for his series of articles published in 1947 on Life in the Soviet Union. 1949, Price Day, Baltimore Sun, for his series of 12 articles entitled, Experiment in Freedom, India,1950, Edmund Stevens, Christian Science Monitor, for his series of 43 articles written over a three-year residence in Moscow entitled, This Is Russia Uncensored. 1951, Keyes Beech, Homer Bigart, Marguerite Higgins, Relman Morin, Fred Sparks,1952, John M. Hightower, Associated Press, for the sustained quality of his coverage of news of international affairs during the year. 1953, Austin Wehrwein, Milwaukee Journal, for a series of articles on Canada. 1954, Jim G.1955, Harrison E. Salisbury, New York Times, for his series of articles. The perceptive and well-written Salisbury articles made a contribution to American understanding of what is going on inside Russia. This was principally due to the wide range of subject matter. 1956, William Randolph Hearst Jr. J. Kingsbury-Smith and Frank Conniff, International News Service,1958, Staff of the New York Times, for its distinguished coverage of foreign news, which was characterized by admirable initiative, continuity and high quality during the year. Rosenthal, New York Times, for his perceptive and authoritative reporting from Poland, mr. Rosenthals subsequent expulsion from the country was attributed by Polish government spokesmen to the depth his reporting into Polish affairs, there being no accusation of false reporting. 1964, Malcolm W. Browne of the Associated Press and David Halberstam of the New York Times, for their reporting of the Vietnam War. 1965, J. A.1966, Peter Arnett, Associated Press,1967, R. John Hughes, Christian Science Monitor, for his thorough reporting of the attempted Communist coup in Indonesia in 1965 and the purge that followed in 1965-66. 1968, Alfred Friendly, Washington Post, for his coverage of the Middle East War of 1967,1969, William Tuohy, Los Angeles Times, for his Vietnam War correspondence in 1968. 1970, Seymour M. Hersh, Dispatch News Service, for his disclosure of the Vietnam War tragedy at the hamlet of My Lai. 1971, Jimmie Lee Hoagland, Washington Post, for his coverage of the struggle against apartheid in the Republic of South Africa,1972, Peter R. Kann, Wall Street Journal, for his coverage of the Indo-Pakistan War of 1971
9.
Pulitzer Prize for Feature Writing
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The Pulitzer Prize for Feature Writing is one of the fourteen American Pulitzer Prizes that are annually awarded for Journalism. It has been awarded since 1979 for an example of feature writing giving prime consideration to high literary quality and originality. Finalists have been announced from 1980, ordinarily two others beside the winner, in its first 35 years to 2013, the Feature Writing Pulitzer was awarded 34 times, none was given in 2004 and 2014, and it was never split. Gene Weingarten alone won it twice, in 2008 and 2010,1979, Jon D. Franklin, Baltimore Evening Sun, for Mrs. Kellys Monster, an account of brain surgery. 1980, Madeleine Blais, Miami Herald, for Zepps Last Stand,1981, Teresa Carpenter, Village Voice, for Death of a Playmate, her account of the death of actress-model Dorothy Stratten. 1982, Saul Pett, Associated Press, for an article profiling the federal bureaucracy, robertson, The New York Times, for Toxic Shock, her memorable and medically detailed account of her struggle with toxic shock syndrome. 1984, Peter Mark Rinearson, The Seattle Times, for Making It Fly, his 29, 000-word account of the development, manufacture,1985, Alice Steinbach, The Baltimore Sun, for her account of a blind boys world, A Boy of Unusual Vision. 1987, Steve Twomey, The Philadelphia Inquirer, for his profile of life aboard an aircraft carrier. 1988, Jacqui Banaszynski, St. Paul Pioneer Press and Dispatch, for her series about the life. 1989, David Zucchino, The Philadelphia Inquirer, for his richly compelling series,1990, Dave Curtin, Colorado Springs Gazette Telegraph, for a gripping account of a familys struggle to recover after its members were severely burned in an explosion that devastated their home. 1991, Sheryl James, St. Petersburg Times, for a series about a mother who abandoned her newborn child and how it affected her life. 1992, Howell Raines, The New York Times, for Gradys Gift, an account of the childhood friendship with his familys black housekeeper. The Washington Post, for his examination of his daughters murder by a violent man who had slipped through the criminal justice system. 1994, Isabel Wilkerson, The New York Times, for her profile of a fourth-grader from Chicagos South Side and for two stories reporting on the Midwestern flood of 1993. 1995, Ron Suskind, The Wall Street Journal, for his stories about inner-city honor students in Washington, D. C. and their determination to survive and prosper. These articles would become his first book A Hope in the Unseen 1996, Rick Bragg, The New York Times. 1997, Lisa Pollak, The Baltimore Sun, for her portrait of a baseball umpire who endured the death of a son while knowing that another son suffers from the same deadly genetic disease. Henderson, The Wall Street Journal, for his portrait of a druggist who is driven to violence by his encounters with armed robbery,2000, J. R.2001, Tom Hallman, Jr
10.
Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Writing
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The Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Writing is one of the fourteen American Pulitzer Prizes that are annually awarded for Journalism. Thus it is one of the original Pulitzers, for the program was inaugurated in 1917 with seven prizes, the program has also recognized opinion journalism with its Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Cartooning from 1922. Finalists have been announced from 1980, ordinarily two others beside the winner, one person ordinarily wins the award for work with one newspaper or with affiliated papers, and that was true without exception between 1936 and 1977. In the early years, several newspapers were recognized without naming any writer, several times from 1977, two or three people have shared the award for their work with one paper. In its first 97 years to 2013, the Editorial Writing Pulitzer was awarded 89 times, in nine years there was no award given and there were two prizes in 1936. 1927, F. P. Chase, Atlantic News-Telegraph, for an editorial titled,1935, no award given 1936, Felix Morley, The Washington Post, for distinguished editorial writing during the year 1936, George B. The Gainesville Sun, for his editorials in support of the desegregation of Floridas schools. Bethlehem Globe-Times, for his campaign to reduce racial tensions in Bethlehem 1973
11.
Pulitzer Prize for Breaking News Photography
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The Pulitzer Prize for Breaking News Photography is one of the American Pulitzer Prizes annually awarded for journalism. From 2000 it has used the breaking news name but it is considered a continuation of the Pulitzer Prize for Spot News Photography, there were 33 Spot News Photography prizes awarded in 32 years including two in 1977. 1968, Rocco Morabito, Jacksonville Journal, for his photograph of telephone linemen,1969, Edward T. Adams, Associated Press, for his photograph, Saigon Execution. 1970, Steve Starr, Associated Press, for his news photo taken at Cornell University, Campus Guns. 1971, John Paul Filo, Valley Daily News/Daily Dispatch, of the Pittsburgh suburbs of Tarentum and New Kensington,1972, Horst Faas and Michel Laurent, Associated Press, for their picture series, Death in Dacca. 1973, Huynh Cong Ut, Associated Press, for his photograph, The Terror of War,1974, Anthony K. Roberts, a freelance photographer of Beverly Hills, California, for his picture series, Fatal Hollywood Drama, in which an alleged kidnapper was killed. 1975, Gerald H. Gay, Seattle Times, for his photograph of four exhausted firefighters,1976, Stanley Forman, Boston Herald-American, for his sequence of photographs of a fire in Boston on July 22,1975. 1977, Neal Ulevich, of the Associated Press, for a series of photographs of disorder,1978, John H. Blair, a special assignment photographer for United Press International, for a photograph of Tony Kiritsis holding an Indianapolis broker hostage at gunpoint. 1979, Thomas J. Kelly III, Pottstown Mercury, Pennsylvania,1980, Anonymous, Ettelaat, United Press International, for Firing Squad in Iran. In 2006, the identity was revealed to be Jahangir Razmi. Price, Fort Worth Star-Telegram, for his photographs from Liberia,1982, Ron Edmonds, Associated Press, for his coverage of the Reagan assassination attempt. 1983, Bill Foley, Associated Press, for his series of pictures of victims,1984, Stan Grossfeld, Boston Globe, for his series of photographs which reveal the effects of war on the people of Lebanon. 1985, Photography staff, Register, Santa Ana, California,1986, Carol Guzy and Michel duCille, Miami Herald, for their photographs of the devastation caused by the eruption of the Nevado del Ruiz volcano in Colombia. 1987, Kim Komenich, San Francisco Examiner, for his coverage of the fall of Ferdinand Marcos. 1988, Scott Shaw, Odessa American, for his photograph of the child Jessica McClure being rescued from the well into which she had fallen. 1989, Ron Olshwanger, a photographer, for a picture published in the St. Louis Post-Dispatch of a firefighter giving mouth-to-mouth resuscitation to a child pulled from a burning building. 1990, Photo staff of the Oakland Tribune, California, for their photographs of devastation caused by the Loma Prieta earthquake of October 17,1989. The Oakland Tribune team consisted of Tom Duncan, Angela Pancrazio, Pat Greenhouse, Reginald Pearman, Matthew Lee, Gary Reyes, Michael Macor, Ron Riesterer, Paul Miller, Roy H. Williams
12.
Pulitzer Prize for Feature Photography
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The Pulitzer Prize for Feature Photography is one of the American Pulitzer Prizes annually awarded for journalism. It recognizes a distinguished example of photography in black and white or color, which may consist of a photograph or photographs. One Feature Photography Pulitzer has been awarded annually from 1968 without exception,1968, Toshio Sakai, United Press International, for his Vietnam War combat photograph, Dreams of Better Times. 1969, Moneta Sleet Jr. of Ebony magazine, for his photograph of Martin Luther King Jr. s widow and child,1970, Dallas Kinney, Palm Beach Post, for his portfolio of pictures of Florida migrant workers, Migration to Misery. 1971, Jack Dykinga, Chicago Sun-Times, for his dramatic and sensitive photographs at the Lincoln,1972, David Hume Kennerly, United Press International, for his dramatic photographs of the Vietnam War in 1971. 1973, Brian Lanker, Topeka Capital-Journal, for his sequence on child birth, as exemplified by his photograph,1974, Slava Veder, Associated Press, for his picture Burst of Joy, which illustrated the return of an American prisoner of war from captivity in North Vietnam. 1975, Matthew Lewis, Washington Post, for his photographs in color and black,1976, Photographic staff of the Louisville Courier-Journal and Times, for a comprehensive pictorial report on busing in Louisvilles schools. 1977, Robin Hood, Chattanooga News-Free Press, for his photograph of a disabled veteran,1978, J. Ross Baughman, Associated Press, for three photographs from guerrilla areas in Rhodesia. 1979, Staff photographers of the Boston Herald American, for coverage of the blizzard of 1978. 1980, Erwin H. Hagler, Dallas Times Herald, for a series on the Western cowboy,1981, Taro Yamasaki, Detroit Free Press, for his photographs of Jackson State Prison, Michigan. 1982, John H. White, Chicago Sun-Times, for excellent work on a variety of subjects. Dickman, Dallas Times Herald, for his photographs of life. 1985, Stan Grossfeld, Boston Globe, for his series of photographs of the famine in Ethiopia,1986, Tom Gralish, The Philadelphia Inquirer, for his series of photographs of Philadelphias homeless. Peterson, Des Moines Register, for his photographs depicting the shattered dreams of American farmers,1988, Michel duCille, Miami Herald, for photographs portraying the decay and subsequent rehabilitation of a housing project overrun by the drug crack. 1989, Manny Crisostomo, Detroit Free Press, for his series of photographs depicting student life at Southwestern High School in Detroit, turnley, Detroit Free Press, for photographs of the political uprisings in China and Eastern Europe. 1991, William Snyder, The Dallas Morning News, for his photographs of ill,1992, John Kaplan, Block Newspapers, Toledo, Ohio, for his photographs depicting the diverse lifestyles of seven 21-year-olds across the United States. 1993, Staff of Associated Press, for its portfolio of images drawn from the 1992 presidential campaign,1995, Staff of Associated Press, for its portfolio of photographs chronicling the horror and devastation in Rwanda. 1996, Stephanie Welsh, a free-lancer, for her shocking sequence of photos, published by Newhouse News Service,1997, Alexander Zemlianichenko, Associated Press, for his photograph of Russian President Boris Yeltsin dancing at a rock concert during his campaign for re-election
13.
Pulitzer Prize for Criticism
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The Pulitzer Prize for Criticism has been presented since 1970 to a newspaper writer who has demonstrated distinguished criticism. Recipients of the award are chosen by an independent board and officially administered by Columbia University, the Pulitzer Committee issues an official citation explaining the reasons for the award. The Criticism Pulitzer has been awarded to one person annually except in 1992 when it was not awarded—43 prizes in 44 years 1970–2013, no person has won it twice. 1970, Ada Louise Huxtable, The New York Times, for distinguished criticism during 19691971, Harold C
14.
Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Cartooning
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The Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Cartoon is one of the fourteen American Pulitzer Prizes that are annually awarded for Journalism. Finalists have been announced from 1980, ordinarily two others beside the winner, in its first 92 years to 2013, the Editorial Cartooning Pulitzer was awarded 87 times, none was given in five years and it was never split. Many cartoonists won it more than once. 1935, Ross A. Lewis, Milwaukee Journal, for Sure, Ill Work for Both Sides 1936, no award given 1937, C. D. Batchelor, New York Daily News, for Come on in, Ill treat you right. Berryman, Evening Star, for Where Is the Boat Going, goldberg, New York Sun, for Peace Today 1949, Lute Pease, Newark Evening News, for Who Me. The award is given for distinguished body of the work of Mr. Fitzpatrick in both 1954 and his entire career. Mauldin, St. Louis Post-Dispatch, for I won the Nobel Prize for Literature, oliphant, The Denver Post, for They Wont Get Us To The Conference Table. 2016, Jack Ohman of The Sacramento Bee for cartoons that convey wry, rueful perspectives through sophisticated style that combines bold line work with subtle colors, through 2013, seventeen people have won the Editorial Cartooning Pulitzer twice and five of them have won it three times. Nelson Harding won the prize consecutively in 1927 and 1928 and this book chronologically states the awards, displays the artwork, and then describes the cartoon, Heinz-Dietrich Fischer. Political Caricatures on Global Issues, Pulitzer Prize Winning Editorial Cartoons
15.
Pulitzer Prize for Public Service
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The Pulitzer Prize for Public Service is one of the fourteen American Pulitzer Prizes annually awarded for journalism. The Public Service prize was one of the original Pulitzers, established in 1917 and it is the only prize in the program that awards a gold medal and is the most prestigious one for a newspaper to win. As with other Pulitzer Prizes, a committee of jurors narrows the field to three nominees, from which the Pulitzer Board generally picks a winner and finalists, finalists have been made public since 1980. The Pulitzer Board issues an official citation explaining the reason for the award, in its first 97 years to 2013, the Public Service Pulitzer was awarded 96 times. There were four years for which no award was given, in 1950,1951,1953,1955 and 1959, prizes were awarded to two newspapers. A reporter was first named in 1947, recently that has more common. 1919, Milwaukee Journal, for its strong and courageous campaign for Americanism in a constituency where foreign elements made such a policy hazardous from a point of view. 1920, no award given 1921, Boston Post, for its exposure of the operations of Charles Ponzi by a series of articles which finally led to his arrest. 1922, New York World, for exposing the operations of the Ku Klux Klan. 1923, Memphis Commercial Appeal, for its courageous attitude in the publication of cartoons,1928, Indianapolis Times, for its work in exposing political corruption to Indiana, prosecuting the guilty and bringing about a more wholesome state of affairs in civil government. 1930, no award given 1931, The Atlanta Constitution, for a successful municipal graft exposure,1932, Indianapolis News, for its successful campaign to eliminate waste in city management and to reduce the tax levy. McKee, and the exposing the lottery schemes of various fraternal organizations. 1934, Medford Mail Tribune, for its campaign against unscrupulous politicians in Jackson County,1935, The Sacramento Bee, for its campaign against political machine influence in the appointment of two Federal judges in Nevada. 1936, Cedar Rapids Gazette, for its crusade against corruption,1937, St. Louis Post-Dispatch, for its exposure of wholesale fraudulent registration in St. Louis. 1938, Bismarck Tribune, for its news reports and editorials entitled,1939, Miami Daily News, for its campaign for the recall of the Miami City Commission. 1940, Waterbury Republican & American, for its campaign exposing municipal graft,1941, St. Louis Post-Dispatch, for its successful campaign against the city smoke nuisance. 1942, Los Angeles Times, for its campaign which resulted in the clarification and confirmation for all American newspapers of the right of free press as guaranteed under the Constitution. 1943, Omaha World-Herald, for its initiative and originality in planning a campaign for the collection of scrap metal for the war effort
16.
Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography
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The Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography is one of the seven American Pulitzer Prizes that are annually awarded for Letters, Drama, and Music. It has been presented since 1917 for a biography or autobiography by an American author or co-authors. Thus it is one of the original Pulitzers, for the program was inaugurated in 1917 with seven prizes, finalists have been announced from 1980, ordinarily two others beside the winner. In its first 97 years to 2013, the Biography Pulitzer was awarded 97 times, two were given in 1938, none in 1962. Pupin 1925, Barrett Wendell and His Letters by M. A. Dewolfe Howe 1926, B. Sherwood 1950, John Quincy Adams and the Foundations of American Foreign Policy by Samuel Flagg Bemis 1951, John C. Robert Oppenheimer by Kai Bird and Martin J. W, brands 2010, The First Tycoon, The Epic Life of Cornelius Vanderbilt by T. J. Pulitzer Prize for History Media related to Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography winners at Wikimedia Commons
17.
Pulitzer Prize for General Nonfiction
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The Pulitzer Prize for General Nonfiction is one of the seven American Pulitzer Prizes that are annually awarded for Letters, Drama, and Music. Finalists have been announced from 1980, ordinarily two others beside the winner, in its first 52 years to 2013, the Nonfiction Pulitzer was awarded 55 times, two prizes were given in 1969,1973, and 1986. Two people won the prize as co-authors in 1968,1990, barbara Tuchman and E. O. Wilson have won two Nonfiction prizes each. 2 and 3, by Robert Coles 1974, The Denial of Death by Ernest Becker 1975, Pilgrim at Tinker Creek by Annie Dillard 1976, harris, The Death of the Scarsdale Diet Doctor by Diana Trilling 1983, Is There No Place on Earth for Me. Barbara Tuchman,1963 for The Guns of August and 1972 for Stilwell and the American Experience in China E. O
18.
Pulitzer Prize for History
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The Pulitzer Prize for History, administered by Columbia University, is one of the seven American Pulitzer Prizes that are annually awarded for Letters, Drama, and Music. It has been presented since 1917 for a book about the history of the United States. Thus it is one of the original Pulitzers, for the program was inaugurated in 1917 with seven prizes, the Pulitzer Prize program has also recognized some historical work with its Biography prize, from 1917, and its General Non-Fiction prize, from 1952. Finalists have been announced from 1980, ordinarily two others beside the winner, in its first 97 years to 2013, the History Pulitzer was awarded 95 times. Two prizes were given in 1989, none in 1919,1984, four people have won two each, Margaret Leech, Bernard Bailyn, Paul Horgan and Alan Taylor. 1980, Been in the Storm So Long by Leon F. Litwack The Plains Across by John B. Unruh The Urban Crucible by Gary B, media related to Pulitzer Prize for History winners at Wikimedia Commons
19.
Pulitzer Prize for Poetry
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The Pulitzer Prize for Poetry is one of the seven American Pulitzer Prizes that are annually awarded for Letters, Drama, and Music. It has been presented since 1922 for a volume of original verse by an American author. Finalists have been announced from 1980, ordinarily two others beside the winner, the 1918 and 1919 Pulitzers included Special Citations for poetry books, made possible by a special grant from The Poetry Society, which the Pulitzer program now lists as Poetry prizes. 1918, Sara Teasdale 1919, Carl Sandburg 1919, Margaret Widdemer In its first 92 years to 2013, two were given in 2008, none in 1946. Robert Frost won the four times and several others won it more than once. 1922, Collected Poems by Edwin Arlington Robinson 1923, The Ballad of the Harp-Weaver, A Few Figs from Thistles, merwin,1971,2009 Carl Sandburg won one of the special prizes for his poetry in 1919 and won the Poetry Pulitzer in 1951. American poetry List of poetry awards Media related to Pulitzer Prize for Poetry winners at Wikimedia Commons
20.
Pulitzer Prize for Drama
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The Pulitzer Prize for Drama is one of the seven American Pulitzer Prizes that are annually awarded for Letters, Drama, and Music. It is one of the original Pulitzers, for the program was inaugurated in 1917 with seven prizes and it recognizes a theatrical work staged in the U. S. during the preceding calendar year. The drama jury, which consists of one academic and four critics, attends plays in New York, in 1955 Joseph Pulitzer, Jr. Edward Albees Whos Afraid of Virginia Woolf. was selected for the 1963 Pulitzer Prize for Drama by that awards committee. However, the selection was overruled by the awards advisory board. Had Albee been awarded, he would be tied with Eugene ONeill for the most Pulitzer Prizes for Drama, in its first 98 years to 2013, the Drama Pulitzer was awarded 82 times, none were given in 15 years and it was never split. Many of the prizes were won by people for their collaboration. * Star marks winners of the annual Tony Award for Best Play or Best Musical,1917, no award 1918, Why Marry. – Jesse Lynch Williams 1919, no award Nine musicals have won the Pulitzer Prize for Drama and they are, George and Ira Gershwins Of Thee I Sing, Rodgers and Hammersteins South Pacific, Bock & Harnicks Fiorello. Of Thee I Sing, Sunday in the Park with George, however, Of Thee I Sing opened when the Tony Awards did not exist, and Next to Normal won the Tony Award for Best Original Score and the Tony Award for Best Orchestrations. The award goes to the playwright, although production of the play is taken into account. In the case of a musical being awarded the prize, the composer, lyricist, the reason given was that the Pulitzer Prize for Drama is a dramatic award, and not a musical one. Additionally, since 1983, when the identity of finalists was first disclosed and they are, Lee Breuer and Bob Telsons The Gospel at Colonus, Lin-Manuel Miranda and Quiara Alegría Hudes In the Heights, and Jeanine Tesori and Lisa Krons Fun Home. The latter two shows, however, each won the Tony Award for Best Musical, ¹All listed dates are Prize years. Generally, the musical in question opened in New York during either the preceding year or the preceding Broadway season. Eugene ONeill won the Pulitzer for Drama four times, three in the 1920s, several people have won two or three. Media related to Pulitzer Prize for Drama winners at Wikimedia Commons
21.
Pulitzer Prize for Music
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The Pulitzer Prize for Music is one of the seven American Pulitzer Prizes that are annually awarded for Letters, Drama, and Music. It was first awarded in 1943, joseph Pulitzer did not call for such a prize in his will, but had arranged for a music scholarship to be awarded each year. Because of the requirement that the composition had its premiere during the year of its award. In 2004 the terms were modified to read, For a distinguished musical composition by an American that has had its first performance or recording in the United States during the year, in 1965, the jury unanimously decided that no major work was worthy of the Pulitzer Prize. In lieu they recommended a special citation be given to Duke Ellington in recognition of the body of his work, Ellington responded, Fate is being kind to me. Fate doesnt want me to be too famous too young, most Americans still take it for granted that European-based music—classical music, if you will—is the only really respectable kind. In 1996, after years of debate, the Pulitzer Prize board announced a change in the criteria for the music prize so as to attract the best of a wider range of American music. The result was that the following year Wynton Marsalis became the first jazz artist to win the Pulitzer Prize. However, his victory was controversial because according to the Pulitzer guidelines, his winning work, a three-hour-long oratorio about slavery, Blood on the Fields, should not have been eligible. Although a winning work was supposed to have had its first performance during that year, Marsalis piece premiered on April 1,1994 and its recording, yet, the piece won the 1997 prize. Marsalis management had submitted a version of Blood on the Fields which was premiered at Yale University after the composer made seven small changes. Six women have been awarded the Pulitzer Prize, Ellen Taaffe Zwilich,1983, Shulamit Ran,1991, Melinda Wagner,1999, Jennifer Higdon,2010, Caroline Shaw,2013, and Julia Wolfe,2015. In addition to being the first woman to receive the award, in 1992 the music jury, which that year consisted of George Perle, Roger Reynolds, and Harvey Sollberger, selected Ralph Shapeys Concerto Fantastique for the award. However, the Pulitzer Board rejected that decision and chose to give the prize to the second choice, Wayne Petersons The Face of the Night. The music jury responded with a statement stating that they had not been consulted in that decision. The Board responded that the Pulitzers are enhanced by having, in addition to the point of view, the laymans or consumers point of view. George Walker was the first African American composer to win the Prize, Walker is a graduate of the Oberlin Conservatory which he entered at the age of fourteen, and graduated at eighteen with the highest honors in his Conservatory class. Jay T. Harris, a member of the Pulitzer governing board said, the announced rule changes included altering the jury pool to include performers and presenters, in addition to composers and critics
22.
Pulitzer Prize Special Citations and Awards
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The Pulitzer Prize jury has the option of awarding special citations where they consider necessary. 1924, A special prize of $1000 was awarded to the widow of Frank I, cobb, New York World, in recognition of the distinction of her husbands editorial writing and service. 1930, William O. Dapping, Auburn Citizen, a special prize for his reportorial work in connection with the outbreak at Auburn prison during December,1929. A special bronze plaque for its editorial leadership against the Accurate News and Information Act, in defense of the freedom of the press, in the Province of Alberta, Canada. 1945, Cartographers of the American press, for maps of the war fronts that have helped notably to clarify and increase public information on the progress of the Armies and Navies engaged. 1947, The St. Louis Post-Dispatch, for its adherence to the public and professional ideals of its founder. 1951, Cyrus L. Sulzberger of The New York Times for his interview with Archbishop Stepinac. 1951, The Advisory Board on the Pulitzer Prizes as a policy does not make any award to a member of the Board. The Board therefore made no award in the National Reporting category, a special citation for their program, The Road To Integration, a distinguished example of the use of a newspaper groups resources to complement the work of its individual newspapers. 1978, Richard Lee Strout, for distinguished commentary from Washington over many years as staff correspondent for The Christian Science Monitor and contributor to The New Republic,1918, Love Songs by Sara Teasdale. This award was possible by a special grant from The Poetry Society. 1919, Corn Huskers by Carl Sandburg and this award was made possible by a special grant from The Poetry Society. 1919, Old Road to Paradise by Margaret Widdemer and this award was made possible by a special grant from The Poetry Society. A special citation is awarded to Kenneth Roberts for his novels which have long contributed to the creation of greater interest in our early American history. 1960, A special citation is awarded to The Defeat of the Spanish Armada by Garrett Mattingly, published by Houghton and it is a first class history and a literary work of high order. 1961, American Heritage Picture History of the Civil War, a special citation is given to The American Heritage Picture History of the Civil War as a distinguished example of American book publishing. A special citation to George Washington, Vols, a special award to Alex Haley for Roots, the story of a black family from its origins in Africa through seven generations to the present day in America. A special citation to E. B, white for his letters, essays and the full body of his work
23.
Booth Tarkington
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Newton Booth Tarkington was an American novelist and dramatist best known for his novels The Magnificent Ambersons and Alice Adams. He is one of only three novelists to win the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction more than once, along with William Faulkner, Booth Tarkington was born in Indianapolis, Indiana, the son of John S. Tarkington and Elizabeth Booth Tarkington. He was named after his maternal uncle Newton Booth, then the governor of California and he was also related to Chicago Mayor James Hutchinson Woodworth through Woodworths wife Almyra Booth Woodworth. Tarkington first attended Shortridge High School in Indianapolis, but completed his education at Phillips Exeter Academy. He attended Purdue University for two years, where he was a member of the Sigma Chi Fraternity and the universitys Morley Eating Club and he later made substantial donations to Purdue for building an all-mens residence hall, which the university named Tarkington Hall in his honor. Purdue awarded him an honorary doctorate, some of his familys wealth returned after the Panic of 1873, and his mother transferred Booth from Purdue to Princeton University. At Princeton, Tarkington is said to have known as Tark among his fellow Eating Club members. He was active as a student-actor and served as president of Princetons Dramatic Association, according to Triangles official history, Tarkington made his first acting appearance in the clubs Shakespearean spoof Katherine. This was one of the first three productions in the Triangles history that was written and produced by Princeton students, Tarkington established this Triangle tradition for productions of students plays, and it remains to the present day. Tarkington returned to the Triangle stage as Cassius in the 1893 production The Honorable Julius Caesar and he gained prominence that year at Princeton as a co-author of the play. In addition to his role as a member of The Triangle Club, he was also among the earliest members of the Ivy Club. He edited the Princetons Nassau Literary Magazine, known more recently as The Nassau Lit, while an undergraduate, he is known to have socialized with Woodrow Wilson, an associate graduate member of the Ivy Club. Wilson returned to Princeton as a member of the science faculty shortly before Tarkington matriculated. Tarkington failed to earn his degree of A. B. because of missing a single course in the classics. Nevertheless, his place within campus society was determined. In his adult life, he was asked to return to Princeton for the conferral of honorary degrees, an A. M. in 1899. The conferral of more than one honorary degree on an alumnus of Princeton University remains a university record, while Tarkington never earned a college degree, he was accorded many awards recognizing and honoring his skills and accomplishments as an author. He won the Pulitzer Prize in fiction twice, in 1919 and 1922, for his novels The Magnificent Ambersons, in 1921 booksellers rated him the most significant contemporary American author in a poll conducted by Publishers Weekly
24.
William Faulkner
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William Cuthbert Faulkner was an American writer and Nobel Prize laureate from Oxford, Mississippi. Faulkner wrote novels, short stories, a play, poetry, essays and he is primarily known for his novels and short stories set in the fictional Yoknapatawpha County, based on Lafayette County, Mississippi, where he spent most of his life. Faulkner is one of the most celebrated writers in American literature generally, two of his works, A Fable and his last novel The Reivers, won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction. Absalom, Absalom. is often included on similar lists, Faulkner was born William Cuthbert Falkner in New Albany, Mississippi, the first of four sons of Murry Cuthbert Falkner and Maud Butler. He had three brothers, Murry Charles Jack Falkner, author John Faulkner, and Dean Swift Falkner. Soon after his first birthday, his family moved to Ripley, Mississippi, Murry hoped to inherit the railroad from his father, John Wesley Thompson Falkner, but John had little confidence in Murrys ability to run a business and sold it for $75,000. Following the sale of the business, Murry became disappointed and planned a new start for his family by moving to Texas. Maud, however, disagreed with this proposition, and it was decided that they would move to Oxford, Mississippi, where Murrys father owned several businesses, making it easy for Murry to find work. Thus, four days prior to Williams fifth birthday on September 21,1902, the Falkner family settled in Oxford and his family, particularly his mother Maud, his maternal grandmother Lelia Butler, and Caroline Callie Barr crucially influenced the development of Faulkners artistic imagination. Both his mother and grandmother were avid readers and also painters and photographers, while Murry enjoyed the outdoors and encouraged his sons to hunt, track, and fish, Maud valued education and took pleasure in reading and going to church. She taught her sons to read before sending them to school and exposed them to classics such as Charles Dickens. Faulkners lifelong education by Callie Barr is central to his novels preoccupations with the politics of sexuality, as a schoolchild, Faulkner had much success early on. He excelled in the first grade, skipped the second, and continued doing well through the third, however, beginning somewhere in the fourth and fifth grades of his schooling, Faulkner became a much more quiet and withdrawn child. He began to play hooky occasionally and became indifferent to his schoolwork. The decline of his performance in school continued, and Faulkner wound up repeating the eleventh, and then final grade, Faulkner also spent much of his boyhood listening to stories told to him by his elders. These included war stories shared by the old men of Oxford and stories told by Barr of the Civil War, slavery, the Ku Klux Klan, and the Falkner family. Faulkners grandfather would tell him of the exploits of Williams great-grandfather, after whom he was named, William Clark Falkner, who was a successful businessman, writer. Telling stories about William Clark Falkner, whom the family called Old Colonel, had become something of a family pastime when Faulkner was a boy
25.
John Updike
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John Hoyer Updike was an American novelist, poet, short story writer, art critic, and literary critic. Hundreds of his stories, reviews, and poems appeared in The New Yorker starting in 1954 and he also wrote regularly for The New York Review of Books. His most famous work is his Rabbit series, which chronicles the life of the middle-class everyman Harry Rabbit Angstrom over the course of several decades, both Rabbit Is Rich and Rabbit at Rest were recognized with the Pulitzer Prize. Updike populated his fiction with characters who frequently experience personal turmoil and must respond to crises relating to religion, family obligations and his work has attracted significant critical attention and praise, and he is widely considered one of the great American writers of his time. He described his style as an attempt to give the mundane its beautiful due, Updike was born in Reading, Pennsylvania, the only child of Linda Grace and Wesley Russell Updike, and was raised in the nearby small town of Shillington. The family later moved to the village of Plowville. His mothers attempts to become a published writer impressed the young Updike, one of my earliest memories, he later recalled, is of seeing her at her desk. I admired the writers equipment, the typewriter eraser, the boxes of clean paper, and I remember the brown envelopes that stories would go off in—and come back in. These early years in Berks County, Pennsylvania, would influence the environment of the Rabbit Angstrom tetralogy, as well as many of his early novels, Updike graduated from Shillington High School as co-valedictorian and class president in 1950 and attended Harvard with a full scholarship. He received recognition for his writing as a teenager by winning a Scholastic Art, at Harvard, he soon became well known among his classmates as a talented and prolific contributor to the Harvard Lampoon, of which he served as president. He graduated summa cum laude in 1954 with a degree in English and was elected to Phi Beta Kappa, upon graduation, Updike attended The Ruskin School of Drawing and Fine Art at the University of Oxford with the ambition of becoming a cartoonist. After returning to the United States, Updike and his moved to New York. This was the beginning of his writing career. Updike stayed at The New Yorker as a staff writer for only two years, writing Talk of the Town columns and submitting poetry and short stories to the magazine. In New York, Updike wrote the poems and stories came to fill his early books like The Carpentered Hen. These works were influenced by Updikes early engagement with The New Yorker and this early work also featured the influence of J. D. Salinger, John Cheever, and the Modernists Marcel Proust, Henry Green, James Joyce, and Vladimir Nabokov. During this time, Updike underwent a spiritual crisis. Suffering from a loss of faith, he began reading Søren Kierkegaard
26.
1917 in literature
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This article presents lists of literary events and publications in 1917. January Francis Picabia produces the first issue of the Dada periodical 391 in Barcelona, J. R. R. February 4/5 – English writer Hugh Kingsmill is taken prisoner while fighting in France. February 16 – The publishing house of Boni & Liveright is established in New York City by Horace Liveright with Albert Boni, and establishes the Modern Library imprint. April – Leonard and Virginia Woolf take delivery of the printing press they require in order to establish the Hogarth Press at their home. Their first publication is Two Stories, june 4 – The first Pulitzer Prizes are awarded, Laura E. Richards, Maude H. Swope receives the first Pulitzer for journalism for his work for the New York World. June 18 – Luigi Pirandellos drama Right You Are is premièred in Milan, summer – The Siuru expressionistic and neo-romantic literary movement in Estonia is formed by a group of young poets and writers. October 20 – 51-year-old poet W. B, yeats marries 25-year-old Georgie Hyde-Lees at Harrow Road register office in London a couple of months after having had a proposal of marriage to his ex-mistresss daughter, Iseult Gonne, rejected. December 25 – Jesse Lynch Williams Why Marry, the first dramatic play to win a Pulitzer Prize, opens at the Astor Theatre. The colonial government of the Dutch East Indies establishes the Kantoor voor de Volklectuur, the Marc Chagall illustrated version of The Magician by I. L. Peretz is published in Vilnius. This is the background to Aleksandr Solzhenitsyns novels in The Red Wheel sequence March 1917, august 18 – First meeting between Wilfred Owen and Siegfried Sassoon, the basis of Stephen MacDonalds drama Not About Heroes and Pat Barkers novel Regeneration
27.
His Family
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His Family is a novel by Ernest Poole published in 1917 about the life of a New York widower and his three daughters in the 1910s. It received the first Pulitzer Prize for the Novel in 1918 and his Family tells the story of a middle-class family in New York City in the 1910s. The familys patriarch, widower Roger Gale, struggles to deal with the way his daughters, each of his daughters responds in a distinctively different way to the circumstances of their lives, forcing Roger into attempting to calm the increasingly challenging family disputes that erupt. After the babys birth and Lauras wedding, Rogers concerns turn to the one remaining at home. Deborah works constantly at her school, and spends her free hours agitating for reforms, Roger is disturbed by this, especially given his prejudices against the immigrant families Deborah works with, but a visit to Deborahs school changes his perspective. He takes a crippled Irish boy named John into his care, providing him with lodging, when summer arrives, the family goes to spend most of it on the old family farm in New Hampshire. That following winter, Roger becomes concerned about his daughter, Deborah, whose suitor Allan Baird, Roger conspires with his daughter Edith and her husband Bruce to pressure Deborah, and she eventually accepts Allans proposal. Before the date of the wedding is reached, Bruce is struck by a taxi while standing next to his car in the street. After his death, Edith and her children are forced to return to the home, until Roger arranges for their return to New Hampshire. Deborahs wedding to Allan is delayed as a consequence—she asks him to wait until August, the end of July, however, brings the onset of World War I, and Rogers business loses many of its clients. As a result, he can afford to support the family, taking out a mortgage on the home to make ends meet. Given the familys financial straits, Ediths children have to be removed from their private school. After weeks of this, Edith resolves to sell most of her possessions, Edith also discovers that John, the Irish boy living in the home, has tuberculosis and orders Roger to send him away, which Deborah arranges for her father. Laura, who has been absent from family affairs, returns suddenly to the house, arriving with luggage and refusing to see anyone but her sister. Roger, who resists the divorce, relents when he learns of his daughters indiscretions. Edith is also hostile to Deborahs modern ideas about womens suffrage. When Roger learns that Deborah has ended her engagement to Allan Baird, he intervenes, informing her that he is fatally ill, and pleading with her to make a life for herself beyond her school. He intends to sell the home, use most of the funds to set up the family farm in New Hampshire so that George can become a farmer and support his mother and siblings
28.
Ernest Poole
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Ernest Cook Poole was an American journalist, novelist, and playwright. Poole was the winner of the first Pulitzer Prize for Fiction, awarded in 1918 for his book, Ernest Cook Poole was born in Chicago, Illinois on January 23,1880 to Abram Poole and Mary Howe Poole. His Wisconsin-born father was a commodities trader at the Chicago Board of Trade, his mother hailed from a well-established Chicago family. Poole was educated at home until he was almost 7 years old, there he first showed a proclivity for the written word, working briefly on the staff of the school newspaper. He had a youth, spending summers at the familys seasonal home at Lake Forest. Following high school graduation, Poole, an accomplished violinist, took a year off to study music and he found the process of writing music difficult, however, and — inspired by his literary-oriented and story-telling father — turned his attention to the written word as a possible profession. After his year-long escape from formal education, Poole moved to Princeton, New Jersey to attend Princeton University, there he continued to demonstrate an interest in journalism and fiction writing, working on the staff of the schools daily newspaper, The Prince — before finding straight journalism tedious. Poole graduated from Princeton cum laude in 1902 and immediately moved to New York City to live in the University Settlement House on the citys impoverished Lower East Side, payment for the freelance effort was received and confidence boosted. The next phase of Pooles life, that of a writer, had begun. Headstrong and confident, Poole immersed himself in his passion, fiction, three short stories were immediately penned and sent out to various New York magazines — only to be returned with letters of rejection. Pooles settlement house was active teaching classes and housing club groups during the day. G, wells and left wing politicians Kier Hardie and Ramsay MacDonald, as well as renowned attorney Clarence Darrow. Acquaintances were made and ideas absorbed by Poole, who increased in commitment to attempt to the wrongs of society through intelligent social reform. The tipping point for the 23-year old Poole as a settlement worker came when he was selected to investigate the problem of tuberculosis in New York Citys Lower East Side tenement slums. Poole spent weeks going from room to room observing and surveying residents, the task proved a strain on Pooles mental and physical well-being and he himself became feverish and was sent home to the family summer home in Lake Forest to recuperate. Pooles time as a settlement worker at an end, he through himself into investigative journalism, when his Outlook piece was completed, Poole stayed on the scene as the volunteer press agent for the union of the striking slaughterhouse workers. The job put him in touch with the young Upton Sinclair, Pooles close friends in New York included two others who would travel to Imperial Russia as correspondents in 1905 — the socialists Arthur Bullard and William English Walling. Back in New York, Poole met the émigré Russian revolutionary Yekaterina Breshkovskaya, Pooles interview would ultimately result in a pamphlet issued by the Chicago socialist publishing house Charles H. Fascinated by the tumultuous Russian political situation, Poole successfully convinced The Outlook to send him to Russia as the magazines correspondent and a contract was drawn up
29.
1918 in literature
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This article presents lists of the literary events and publications in 1918. January 1 – Popular British novelist and wartime propagandist Hall Caine is made a KBE, january 2 – Popular British novelist Marie Corelli is convicted under wartime legislation for hoarding food. January 23 – Robert Graves marries the painter Nancy Nicholson in London, wedding guests include Wilfred Owen, whose first nationally published poem appears 3 days later and who will be killed by the end of the year. March The Telemachus episode of James Joyces Ulysses is published in the American journal The Little Review, English novelist Alec Waugh is made a prisoner of war, he will be incarcerated in Mainz Citadel with monologuist J. Milton Hayes and Hugh Kingsmill. English writer May Sinclair first uses the term Stream of consciousness to describe a narrative mode, may 3 – Katherine Mansfield marries her long-time partner John Middleton Murry at Kensington register office in London. June – English poet Basil Bunting is imprisoned as a conscientious objector, august 17 – Wilfred Owen and Siegfried Sassoon meet for the last time, in London, and spend what Sassoon later describes as the whole of a hot cloudless afternoon together. October 3 – Siegfried Sassoon visits his mentor Robbie Ross for the last time, Sassoon later writes that Ross, in saying goodbye, gave him a presentiment of final farewell. November 4 – Wilfred Owen is killed in action, aged 25, news of his death reaches his parents in Shrewsbury a week later on Armistice Day. He is awarded a posthumous Military Cross a year later, december 28 – Emperor Khải Định of Vietnam declares the traditional Chữ nôm script for writing the Vietnamese language to be abolished in favour of the Latin script Vietnamese alphabet. Winter – Parisian farceur Georges Feydeau contracts tertiary syphilis, the 2nd annual Pulitzer Prizes are awarded in the United States, including the first award for a novel
30.
The Magnificent Ambersons
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The Magnificent Ambersons is a 1918 novel written by Booth Tarkington which won the 1919 Pulitzer Prize for the novel. It was the novel in his Growth trilogy, which included The Turmoil. In 1925 the novel was first adapted for film under the title Pampered Youth, in 1942 Orson Welles wrote and directed an acclaimed film adaptation of the book. Welless original screenplay was the basis of a 2002 TV movie produced by the A&E Network, the story is set in a largely fictionalized version of Indianapolis, and much of it was inspired by the neighborhood of Woodruff Place. The decline of the Ambersons is contrasted with the fortunes of industrial tycoons and other new-money families. As George Ambersons friend says, dont you think being things is rahthuh bettuh than doing things, the titular family is the most prosperous and powerful in town at the turn of the century. Young George Amberson Minafer, the grandson, is spoiled terribly by his mother Isabel. Growing up arrogant, sure of his own worth and position, and totally oblivious to the lives of others, George falls in love with Lucy Morgan, but there is a long history between Georges mother and Lucys father, of which George is unaware. As the town grows into a city, industry thrives, the Ambersons prestige and wealth wanes, when George sabotages his widowed mothers growing affections for Lucys father, life as he knows it comes to an end. The Magnificent Ambersons received the 1919 Pulitzer Prize, the Magnificent Ambersons is perhaps Tarkingtons best novel, said Van Wyck Brooks. A typical story of an American family and town—the great family that ruled the roost and vanished virtually in a day as the town spread. The Campbell Playhouse presented Orson Welless one-hour radio adaptation of The Magnificent Ambersons on October 29,1939, the cast included Welles, Walter Huston, Ray Collins, Everett Sloane, Bea Benaderet, Nan Sunderland, and other members of the Mercury Theatre company. After Vitagraph was purchased by Warner Bros. the 70-minute film was reedited to 33 minutes, the original film is considered lost. Welles lost control of the editing of the film to RKO Pictures, more than an hour of footage was cut by the studio, which also shot and substituted a happier ending. Although Welless extensive notes for how he wished the film to be cut have survived, composer Bernard Herrmann insisted his credit be removed when, like the film itself, his score was heavily edited by the studio. Even in the version, The Magnificent Ambersons is often regarded as among the best U. S. films ever made. The Magnificent Ambersons at Project Gutenberg The Magnificent Ambersons,1918 first edition, scanned book via Internet Archive The Magnificent Ambersons, photos of the first edition of The Magnificent Ambersons The Magnificent Ambersons public domain audiobook at LibriVox
31.
1920 in literature
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This article presents lists of the literary events and publications in 1920. Reviewers hail the play and ONeill becomes famous, february 27 – Inaugural meeting of the Bloomsbury Groups Memoir Club arranged by Mary MacCarthy in London. March 26 – This Side of Paradise by F. Scott Fitzgerald is published and it is a sensation, immediately establishing Fitzgerald as a writer and celebrity, the initial print run of 3,000 copies sells out in 3 days. Though the books reputation will dim in later years, Dorothy Parker will recall that it was regarded as a work when it first appeared. April Hart Crane publishes his poem My Grandmothers Love Letters in The Dial, april 3 – F. Scott Fitzgerald marries Zelda Sayre in the rectory of St. Patricks Cathedral. K. November 1 – Eugene ONeills play, The Emperor Jones, is staged at the Playwrights Theater in New York City with Charles Sidney Gilpin in the title role. November 9 – D. H. Lawrences novel Women in Love is first published, december 23 – Arthur Schnitzlers play Reigen first receives an authorized performance, in Berlin, receiving strong criticism on moral and antisemitic grounds. Publication in Prague of Karel Čapeks drama R. U. R, Rossums Universal Robots, publication in Paris of the first volume of the Collection Budé, providing editions of Classical texts with parallel French translation, Platos Hippias Minor. Van Wyck Brooks publishes The Ordeal of Mark Twain, arguing that Twains genius was perverted by the conditions and this is the beginning of the reassessment of Mark Twain, who until this point had been regarded primarily as a humorous entertainer. The 1920s will force a reconsideration of many 19th-century writers, most importantly Herman Melville, goodyear – Forge of Foxenby Hugh Lofting – The Story of Doctor Dolittle Olive Beaupré Miller – In the Nursery S. Ansky – The Dybbuk Karel Čapek – R. U. R
32.
The Age of Innocence
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It won the 1921 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction, making Wharton the first woman to win the prize. The story is set in upper-class New York City in the 1870s, Wharton wrote the book in her 50s, after she had established herself as a strong author with publishers clamoring for her work. The Age of Innocence was a softer and more work than The House of Mirth. Wharton wrote, I found an escape in going back to my childish memories of a long-vanished America. It was growing more and more evident that the world I had grown up in, scholars and readers alike agree that The Age of Innocence is fundamentally a story which struggles to reconcile the old with the new. Wharton was raised in old world of rigid and proper New York society which features in the story. She spent her years, including World War I, in Europe where the devastation of new mechanized warfare was felt most deeply. As explained by Millicent Bell in the Cambridge companion to Wharton, “The Age of Innocence was composed and first read in the aftermath of Roosevelt’s death and in the immediate wake of World War I. We frame the ending remembering the multiple losses… not only the loss of Roosevelt but the destruction of the prewar world, with World War I, a definitive line was crossed. There would be no return to the New York of old from which Wharton was raised, and for all that can be condemned in that, there is a certain tenderness with which she crafts the world, as if she had forgotten nothing. This intones the title word innocence, as the novel seems to connect personal innocence with that of national innocence, to Robert Martin, The Age of Innocence, was fundamentally about America and its failure to fulfill its own possibilities. The Age of Innocence centers on an upper-class couples impending marriage, Wharton was 58 years old at publication, she had lived in that world and had seen it change dramatically by the end of World War I. The title is a comment on the polished outward manners of New York society when compared to its inward machinations. The title, while ironic, was not as caustic as the title of story featured in the The House of Mirth, published in 1905. Newland Archer, gentleman lawyer and heir to one of New York Citys best families, is happily anticipating a highly desirable marriage to the sheltered, yet he finds reason to doubt his choice of bride after the appearance of Countess Ellen Olenska, Mays exotic and beautiful 30-year-old cousin. Ellen has returned to New York from Europe after scandalously separating herself from a bad marriage to a Polish count. As Newlands admiration for the countess grows, so does his doubt about marrying May, Ellens decision to divorce Count Olenski causes a social crisis for the other members of her family, who are terrified of scandal and disgrace. Living apart can be tolerated, but divorce is unacceptable, to save the Welland familys reputation, a law partner of Newland asks him to dissuade Countess Olenska from divorcing the count
33.
Edith Wharton
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Edith Wharton was a Pulitzer Prize-winning American novelist, short story writer, and designer. She was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1927,1928 and 1930, Wharton combined her insiders view of Americas privileged classes with a brilliant, natural wit to write humorous, incisive novels and short stories of social and psychological insight. She was well acquainted with many of her eras other literary and public figures, Edith Wharton was born Edith Newbold Jones to George Frederic Jones and Lucretia Stevens Rhinelander at their brownstone at 14 West Twenty-third Street in New York City. She had two older brothers, Frederic Rhinelander, who was sixteen, and Henry Edward, who was eleven. She was baptized April 20,1862, Easter Sunday, at Grace Church, to her friends and family she was known as Pussy Jones. The saying keeping up with the Joneses is said to refer to her fathers family and she was also related to the Rensselaer family, the most prestigious of the old patroon families. She had a lifelong friendship with her Rhinelander niece, landscape architect Beatrix Farrand of Reef Point in Bar Harbor. Edith was born during the Civil War, she was three years old when the South surrendered, after the war, the family traveled extensively in Europe. From 1866 to 1872, the Jones family visited France, Italy, Germany, during her travels, the young Edith became fluent in French, German, and Italian. At the age of ten, she suffered from typhoid fever while the family was at a spa in the Black Forest, after the family returned to the United States in 1872, they spent their winters in New York and their summers in Newport, Rhode Island. While in Europe, she was educated by tutors and governesses and she rejected the standards of fashion and etiquette that were expected of young girls at the time, intended to enable women to marry well and to be displayed at balls and parties. She thought these requirements were superficial and oppressive, Edith wanted more education than she received, so she read from her fathers library and from the libraries of her fathers friends. Her mother forbade her to read novels until she was married, Edith began writing poetry and fiction as a young girl. She attempted to write a novel at age eleven and her first publication was a translation of the German poem, Was die Steine Erzählen by Heinrich Karl Brugsch, which earned her $50. Her family did not wish her name to appear in print because the names of upper class women of the time appeared in print to announce birth, marriage. Consequently, the poem was published under the name of a friends father and he was a cousin of Ralph Waldo Emerson and supported womens education. He played a role in Ediths efforts to educate herself. In 1877, at the age of 15, she wrote a 30,000 word novella Fast
34.
Alice Adams (novel)
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Alice Adams is a 1921 novel by Booth Tarkington that received the 1922 Pulitzer Prize for the Novel. It was adapted as a film in 1923 by Rowland V. Lee and, more famously, the narrative centers on the character of a young woman who aspires to climb the social ladder and win the affections of a wealthy young man named Arthur Russell. The story is set in a household in an unnamed town in the Midwest shortly after World War I. The novel begins with Virgil Adams confined to bed with an unnamed illness, there is tension between Virgil and his wife over how he should go about recovering, and she pressures him not to return to work for J. A. Alice, their daughter, attempts to keep peace in the family before walking to her friend Mildred Palmers house to see what Mildred will wear to a dance that evening. After Alices return, she spends the day preparing for the dance, going out to pick violets for a bouquet, as she cannot afford to buy flowers for herself. Her brother, Walter, initially refuses to accompany her to the dance, but as Alice cannot go without an escort, Mrs. Adams prevails upon Walter, and he rents a Tin Lizzie to drive Alice to the dance. Alice forces him to dance with her at first, as it will be an embarrassment for her to stand alone. She leaves the dance horribly embarrassed after Arthur discovers Walters gambling with the servants, the next day, Alice goes on an errand for her father into town, passing Frinckes Business College on the way with a shudder. On the walk home, she encounters Arthur Russell, who shows an obvious interest in her. Arthur returns, several days later, and his courtship of Alice continues, Mrs. Adams uses Alices distress to finally goad Virgil into setting up a glue factory. It is eventually revealed that the recipe was developed by Virgil and another man under the direction. Lamb, who over the years declined to take up its production despite repeated proddings from Virgil, although initially reluctant to steal from Mr. Lamb, Virgil finally persuades himself that his improvements to the recipe over the years has made it virtually his. As Arthur continues his courtship of Alice, Alice continues spinning a web of lies to preserve the image of herself. This becomes especially difficult when she and Arthur encounter Walter in a bad part of town, at home, Walter is confronted by his father, who demands that Walter quit Lambs to help in setting up the glue factory. Walter refuses to help his father without a cash advance. Virgil arranges to resign from Lambs employ without speaking to him face-to-face, as he fears the old mans reaction, and puts the glue factory into operation. Mrs. Adams decides to arrange a dinner so that Arthur can meet the family, Walter again demands cash from his father without explaining why he needs it, and is again rebuffed
35.
1922 in literature
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This article presents lists of the literary events and publications in 1922. Hence books published in 1922 or earlier entered the domain in the U. S. in 1998. The U. K. customs will also seize copies entering the country, T. S. Eliot founds The Criterion magazine containing the first publication of his poem The Waste Land. This is first published complete in book form by Boni & Liveright in New York in December, jacobs Room by Virginia Woolf is published by the Hogarth Press of Richmond upon Thames with jacket design by the authors sister Vanessa Bell. Also this summer Virginia writes the short story Mrs Dalloway in Bond Street, january – Ryūnosuke Akutagawas modernist short story In a Grove is published in the Japanese magazine Shinchō. January 24 – Façade – An Entertainment, poems by Edith Sitwell recited over an instrumental accompaniment by William Walton, first performed, january 27 – Franz Kafka begins intensive work on his novel The Castle at the mountain resort of Spindlermühle, ceasing around early September in mid-sentence. March – F. Scott Fitzgeralds novel The Beautiful and Damned is published in form by Charles Scribners Sons in New York. – The Czech playwrights Karel and Josef Čapeks play Pictures from the Insects Life is first performed at the National Theatre Brno and it is also first performed in English translation, in the United States, this year. April – Marcel Prousts Sodome et Gomorrhe II is published in Paris, may 27 – F. Scott Fitzgeralds short story The Curious Case of Benjamin Button is published in The Smart Set magazine. June F. Scott Fitzgeralds short story The Diamond as Big as the Ritz is published in Colliers magazine, over a single night at his home in Shaftsbury, Vermont, Robert Frost completes the long poem New Hampshire and at sunrise writes Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening. Summer – F. Scott Fitzgeralds novel The Great Gatsby is set on Long Island at this time, partly inspired by Scott, September 14 – Sinclair Lewiss satirical novel on American life, Babbitt, is published by Harcourt, Brace & Company. His poem Bidrohi is first collected this year in his first anthology, F. Scott Fitzgeralds short story collection Tales of the Jazz Age is published by Charles Scribners Sons in New York. September 29 – Drums in the Night becomes the first play by Bertolt Brecht to be staged, December – A valise containing all Ernest Hemingways manuscripts from the past years writing is stolen at Paris-Gare de Lyon. Yeats becomes a member of the Seanad Éireann in the Irish Free State. December 10 – The National Library of Albania is inaugurated in Tirana, génica Athanasiou plays the title rôle with Charles Dullin as Créon and Antonin Artaud as Tiresias. There are some protests by Dadaists, the first Newbery Medal for authors of distinguished books for children is awarded by the American Library Association to Hendrik Willem van Loon for The Story of Mankind
36.
One of Ours
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One of Ours is a novel by Willa Cather that won the 1923 Pulitzer Prize for the Novel. It tells the story of the life of Claude Wheeler, a Nebraska native around the turn of the 20th century, the son of a successful farmer and an intensely pious mother, he is guaranteed a comfortable livelihood. Nevertheless, Wheeler views himself as a victim of his fathers success, Cathers cousin Grosvenor was born and raised on the farm that adjoined her own familys, and she combined parts of her own personality with Grosvenors in the character of Claude. Cather explained in a letter to Dorothy Canfield Fisher, We were very much alike and he could never escape from the misery of being himself, except in action, and whatever he put his hand to turned out either ugly or ridiculous. I was staying on his fathers farm when the war broke out and we spent the first week hauling wheat to town. On those long rides on the wheat, we talked for the first time in years, I had no more thought of writing a story about him than of writing about my own nose. It was all too painfully familiar and it was just to escape from him and his kind that I wrote at all. Grosvenor was killed in 1918 in Cantigny, France, Cather learned of his death while reading the newspaper in a hair salon. She wrote, From that on, he was in my mind, the too-personal-ness, the embarrassment of kinship, was gone. But he was in my mind so much that I couldnt get him to other things. Some of me was buried him in France, and some of him was left alive in me. Timidly, angrily, he used to ask me about the geography of France on the wheat wagon, well, he learned it, you see. Cather was unhappy that the novel will be classed as a war story, Cather was working on the novel during a visit to Canada in the summer of 1919 and finished it in Toronto in 1921. She used her cousins letters and those of David Hochstein, a New York violinist who served as the model for Claudes wartime friend David Gerhardt. She interviewed veterans and wounded soldiers in hospitals, focusing especially on the experience of rural Nebraskans she profiled in a magazine article and she visited the French battlefields as well. While attending Temple College, Claude tried to convince his parents that attending the State University would give him a better education and his parents ignore his pleas and Claude continues at the Christian college. After a football game, Claude meets and befriends the Erlich family, quickly adapting his own world perception to the Erlichs love of music, free-thinking, once pinned to the farm, Claude marries Enid Royce, a childhood friend. When Enid departs for China to care for her missionary sister, as World War I begins in Europe, the family is fixated on every development from overseas
37.
Willa Cather
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Willa Sibert Cather was an American writer who achieved recognition for her novels of frontier life on the Great Plains, including O Pioneers. The Song of the Lark, and My Ántonia, in 1923 she was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for One of Ours, a novel set during World War I. Cather grew up in Virginia and Nebraska, and graduated from the University of Nebraska–Lincoln and she lived and worked in Pittsburgh for ten years, supporting herself as a magazine editor and high school English teacher. Cather was born Wilella Sibert Cather in 1873 on her grandmothers farm in the Back Creek Valley near Winchester. Her father was Charles Fectigue Cather, whose family had lived on land in the valley for six generations, Cathers family originated in Wales, the family name deriving from Cadair Idris, a mountain in Gwynedd.13 Her mother was Mary Virginia Boak, a former school teacher. Within a year of Cathers birth, the moved to Willow Shade. At the urging of Charles Cathers parents, the moved to Nebraska in 1883 when Willa was nine years old. Cathers time in the state, still on the frontier, was a deeply formative experience for her. She made house calls with the physician, Dr. Robert Damerell. After Cathers essay on Thomas Carlyle was published in the Nebraska State Journal during her year at the University of Nebraska. In addition to her work with the paper, Cather also served as the managing editor of The Hesperian, the University of Nebraskas student newspaper. She changed her plans to major in science and become a physician, Stout calls this story one of several Cather works that demonstrate the speciousness of rigid gender roles and give favorable treatment to characters who undermine conventions. Cathers first collection of stories, The Troll Garden, was published in 1905 by McClure, Phillips. It contains several of Cathers best-known stories—A Wagner Matinee, The Sculptors Funeral, in 1906 Cather moved to New York City after being offered a position on the editorial staff of McClures Magazine, a periodical connected with the publisher of The Troll Garden the year before. During her first year at McClures she wrote a biography of Mary Baker Eddy, the founder of Christian Science, although Georgine Milmine. McClures serialized Cathers first novel, Alexanders Bridge, the New York Times praised the dramatic situations and the clever conversations,225 and The Atlantic called the writing deft and skillful. Cather followed Alexanders Bridge with her Prairie Trilogy, O Pioneers, the Song of the Lark, and My Ántonia. These works became popular and critical successes
38.
The Able McLaughlins
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The Able McLaughlins is a 1923 novel by Margaret Wilson first published by Harper & Brothers. It won the Pulitzer Prize for the Novel in 1924 and it won the Harper Prize Novel Contest for 1922-23, the first time the prize was awarded. Wilson published a sequel, The Law and the McLaughlins, in 1936, a pre-publication notice described it as a story of pioneer life in Iowa in Civil War times focused on a family of Scotch Covenanters. Some reviews praised the novel but viewed its prize-winning status differently, allan Nevins called it remarkable for the unity of impression produced and added that the book would win rapid distinction if introduced without its blue ribbon. But the Boston Transcripts reviewer wrote, The book is so good as a first novel that it is not to regret that it must always be judged as a prize novel. The New York Times was less enthusiastic, Miss Wilson does quite well with her characters, develops them by phrase, in the mechanics of story-telling she appears less practiced, or, perhaps, more labored. The novel does not always run smoothly from one incident to the next and she has concealed her plight from every one, but cannot conceal it from him. Wully grasps the situation with masterful promptness and he makes Peter leave under threat of death, marries Chirstie, and accepts the paternity of her child and the blame for its disgracefully early birth. Peter steals back to see the woman he violated, at a time when the anger of Wully, Wully hunts him with a shotgun, but he has disappeared. Then, a few later, Wully suddenly finds him–and revenge. In 1936, Time called it still her most noteworthy book
39.
So Big (novel)
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So Big is a 1924 novel written by Edna Ferber. The book was inspired by the life of Antje Paarlberg in the Dutch community of South Holland, Illinois and it won the Pulitzer Prize for the Novel in 1925. The story follows the life of a woman, Selina Peake De Jong. During her stay on the Pool family farm, she encourages the young Roelf Pool to follow his interests, upon his mothers death, Roelf runs away to France. Meanwhile, Selina marries a Dutch farmer named Pervus and they have a child together, Dirk, whom she nicknames So Big, from the common question and answer How big is baby. Pervus becomes ill and dies, and Selina is forced to take over working on the farm to give Dirk a future. As Dirk gets older, he works as an architect but is interested in making money than creating buildings and becomes a stock broker. His love interest, Dallas OMara, an acclaimed artist, echoes this sentiment by trying to convince Dirk that there is more to life than money, much later in life, Selina is visited by Roelf Pool, who has since become a famous sculptor. Dirk grows very distressed when, after visiting his mothers farm, he realizes that Dallas and Roelf love each other and he cannot compete with the artistically-minded sculptor. In the end, Dirk comes to appreciate the wisdom of his mother, ultimately, Dirk is left alone in his sumptuous apartment, saddened by his abandonment of artistic values. A number of adaptations of the novel have been made. The first adaptation, directed by Charles Brabin, was released the year the novel was published. The 1932 adaptation, directed by William A. Wellman, featured an ensemble cast led by Barbara Stanwyck, George Brent, the most recent adaptation, directed by Robert Wise in 1953, starred Jane Wyman and Sterling Hayden. This one softened the ending considerably by including a reconciliation between Dirk and his mother, a satirical version of the novel appears in Bob Clampetts 1946 cartoon Book Revue. A fugitive wolf is running away from the authorities and runs past the book, the book features Jimmy Durante on the cover. Durante sticks his famously large nose out and trips the wolf, so Big was presented on Stories America Loves in 1942. Joan Blaine had the role of Selena Peake in the adaptation
40.
Edna Ferber
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Edna Ferber was an American novelist, short story writer and playwright. Her novels were popular and included the Pulitzer Prize-winning So Big, Show Boat, Cimarron. Ferber was born August 15,1885, in Kalamazoo, Michigan, to a Hungarian-born Jewish storekeeper, Jacob Charles Ferber and she took newspaper jobs at the Appleton Daily Crescent and the Milwaukee Journal before publishing her first novel. She covered the 1920 Republican National Convention and 1920 Democratic National Convention for the United Press Association, Ferbers novels generally featured strong female protagonists, along with a rich and diverse collection of supporting characters. Several theatrical and film productions have been based on her works, including Show Boat, Giant, Ice Palace, Saratoga Trunk, Cimarron, three of these works – Show Boat, Saratoga Trunk and Giant – have been developed into musicals. When composer Jerome Kern proposed turning the very serious Show Boat into a musical, Ferber was shocked and it was not until Kern explained that he and Oscar Hammerstein II wanted to create a different type of musical that Ferber granted him the rights. Saratoga, based on Saratoga Trunk, was written at a later date. In 1925, she won the Pulitzer Prize for her book So Big, an early talkie movie remake followed, in 1932, starring Barbara Stanwyck and George Brent, with Bette Davis in a supporting role. A1953 remake of So Big starring Jane Wyman in the Stanwyck role is the version most often seen today, Ferber was a member of the Algonquin Round Table, a group of wits who met for lunch every day at the Algonquin Hotel in New York. According to Teichmann, Ferber once described Woollcott as a New Jersey Nero who has mistaken his pinafore for a toga. Ferber collaborated with Round Table member George S. Kaufman on several plays presented on Broadway, Minick, The Royal Family, Dinner At Eight, The Land Is Bright, Stage Door, and Bravo. Ferber never married, had no children, and is not known to have engaged in a romance or sexual relationship. Ferber did take a maternal interest in the career of her niece Janet Fox, Ferber died at her home in New York City, of stomach cancer, at the age of 82. Ferber was portrayed by the actress Lili Taylor in the film Mrs. Parker, in 2008, The Library of America selected Ferbers article Miss Ferber Views Vultures at Trial for inclusion in its two-century retrospective of American True Crime. On July 29,2002, in her hometown of Appleton, Wisconsin, artist Mark Summers, well known for his scratchboard technique, created this portrait for the stamp referencing a black-and-white photograph of Ferber taken in 1927. A fictionalized version of Edna Ferber appears briefly as a character in Philipp Meyers novel The Son, an additional fictionalized version of Edna Ferber, with her as the protagonist, appears in Downtown Strut, An Edna Ferber mystery. It was written in 2013 by Ed Ifkovic and published by Poisoned Pen Press, in her hometown of Appleton, Wisconsin, the Edna Ferber Elementary School was named after her. Construction of the school was voted down in a 1971 referendum
41.
Arrowsmith (novel)
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Arrowsmith is a novel by American author Sinclair Lewis, first published in 1925. It won the 1926 Pulitzer Prize, Lewis was greatly assisted in its preparation by science writer Paul de Kruif, who received 25% of the royalties on sales, although Lewis was listed as the sole author. Arrowsmith is arguably the earliest major novel to deal with the culture of science, Arrowsmith tells the story of bright and scientifically minded Martin Arrowsmith as he makes his way from a small town in the Midwest to the upper echelons of the scientific community. The books climax deals with Arrowsmiths discovery of a phage that destroys bacteria, martins wife, Leora, is the steadying, sensible, self-abnegating anchor of his life. When Leora dies of the plague that Martin is sent to study and exterminate, he seems to all sense of himself. The book contains considerable social commentary on the state and prospects of medicine in the United States in the 1920s, Arrowsmith is a progressive, even something of a rebel, and often challenges the existing state of things when he finds it wanting. This novel has been inspirational for several generations of pre-medical and medical students, there is much agonizing along the way concerning career and life decisions. Professional jealousy, institutional pressures, greed, stupidity, and negligence are all satirically depicted, but there is also tireless dedication, and respect for the scientific method and intellectual honesty. J. Cronin, which deals with the life experiences of a young idealistic doctor who tries to challenge. De Kruif drew inspiration for locations and characters in Arrowsmith from specific sources, the labwork and experimental process of Max Gottlieb was based on the careers of Frederick George Novy and Jacques Loeb. Loeb and De Kruif both worked at the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research in New York and Novy was De Kruifs longtime mentor, Arrowsmith was awarded the 1926 Pulitzer Prize, but Lewis declined the award. In a letter to the committee, he wrote, I wish to acknowledge your choice of my novel Arrowsmith for the Pulitzer Prize and that prize I must refuse, and my refusal would be meaningless unless I explained the reasons. All prizes, like all titles, are dangerous, and the Pulitzer Prize for Novels is peculiarly objectionable because the terms of it have been constantly and grievously misrepresented. The books only theatrically released adaptation was the film Arrowsmith in 1931, featuring Ronald Colman and Helen Hayes as Arrowsmith and it was nominated for four Academy Awards, including Best Adapted Screenplay. Lux Radio Theater presented a radio adaptation on October 25,1937 starring Spencer Tracy. Helen Hayes reprised her role as Leora in an adaptation on The Campbell Playhouse radio program along with Orson Welles as Arrowsmith. The program aired on February 3,1939, cavalcade of America presented a version on February 23,1942 with Tyrone Power in the title role. A Czech mini-series was produced in 1999, with Jan Stastny in the titular role and it is a popular myth that the rock band Aerosmith took its name from this book
42.
Sinclair Lewis
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Harry Sinclair Lewis was an American novelist, short-story writer, and playwright. His works are known for their insightful and critical views of American capitalism and materialism between the wars and he is also respected for his strong characterizations of modern working women. H. L. Mencken wrote of him, there was ever a novelist among us with a call to the trade. It is this red-haired tornado from the Minnesota wilds and he has been honored by the U. S. Postal Service with a postage stamp in the Great Americans series. Born February 7,1885, in the village of Sauk Centre, Minnesota, Sinclair Lewis began reading books at a young age and he had two siblings, Fred and Claude. His father, Edwin J. Lewis, was a physician, Lewiss mother, Emma Kermott Lewis, died in 1891. The following year, Edwin Lewis married Isabel Warner, whose company young Lewis apparently enjoyed, throughout his lonely boyhood, the ungainly Lewis—tall, extremely thin, stricken with acne and somewhat pop-eyed—had trouble gaining friends and pined after various local girls. At the age of 13 he unsuccessfully ran away from home, Lewis was also nonreligious and an atheist. In late 1902 Lewis left home for a year at Oberlin Academy to qualify for acceptance by Yale University, while at Oberlin, he developed a religious enthusiasm that waxed and waned for much of his remaining teenage years. Lewiss unprepossessing looks, fresh country manners and seemingly self-important loquacity made it difficult for him to win and keep friends at Oberlin and he did initiate a few relatively long-lived friendships among students and professors, some of whom recognized his promise as a writer. Lewiss earliest published creative work—romantic poetry and short sketches—appeared in the Yale Courant, after graduation Lewis moved from job to job and from place to place in an effort to make ends meet, write fiction for publication and to chase away boredom. While working for newspapers and publishing houses, he developed a facility for turning out shallow and he also earned money by selling plots to Jack London, including one for the latters unfinished novel The Assassination Bureau, Ltd. Lewiss first published book was Hike and the Aeroplane, a Tom Swift-style potboiler that appeared in 1912 under the pseudonym Tom Graham. Sinclair Lewiss first serious novel, Our Mr. Wrenn, The Romantic Adventures of a Gentle Man, appeared in 1914, followed by The Trail of the Hawk, A Comedy of the Seriousness of Life and The Job. That same year saw the publication of another potboiler, The Innocents, A Story for Lovers. Free Air, another refurbished serial story, was published in 1919, in 1914 Lewis married Grace Livingston Hegger, an editor at Vogue magazine. They had one son, Wells Lewis, named after British author H. G. Wells, Wells Lewis was killed in action while serving in the U. S. Army in World War II during the rescue of the Lost Battalion in the Forêt de Champ in France. On May 14,1928, he married Dorothy Thompson, a newspaper columnist
43.
1926 in literature
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This article presents lists of the literary events and publications in 1926. February 8 – Seán OCaseys play The Plough and the Stars opens at the Abbey Theatre, on February 11, the performance is marred by ugly scenes in the audience, one man strikes an actress. February 12 – The Irish Free State minister for Justice, Kevin OHiggins, February 26 – The future English novelist Graham Greene is received into the Catholic Church. April 1 – Hugo Gernsback launches his pioneering science fiction magazine Amazing Stories in the United States, may 11 – C. S. Lewis and J. R. R. Tolkien meet for the first time in Oxford. October 14 – The childrens book Winnie-the-Pooh, by A. A. Milne, is first published by Methuen in London. December 3 – English detective story writer Agatha Christie disappears from her home in Surrey, December – Thomas Mann begins writing Die Geschichten Jaakobs in Munich, first of the tetralogy Joseph and His Brothers on which he will work until January 1943. Antonin Artaud and Roger Vitrac establish the Théatre Alfred-Jarry in Paris for the production of surrealist drama, bread Loaf Writers Conference is founded in Middlebury, Vermont. Ford Madox Ford publishes A Man Could Stand Up --, the book of a four-volume work titled Parades End published between 1924 and 1928. Vsevolod Meyerhold stages a landmark production of Gogols satirical comedy The Government Inspector in Moscow. Margaret Mitchell begins writing the novel Gone with the Wind, the remains of English poet Isaac Rosenberg are re-interred at Bailleul Road East Cemetery, Plot V, St. Laurent-Blangy, Pas de Calais, France. S. S. Van Dine publishes the first Philo Vance mystery novel, Peter Llewelyn Davies establishes the London publishing house Peter Davies Ltd. Yeats – Autobiographies Paul Zarifopol – Din registrul ideilor gingașe Alfred Eckhard Zimmern – The Third British Empire January 5 – W. D
. The New York Times. Retrieved 2018-04-19. 
