Pupillary distance (PD), more correctly known as interpupillary distance (IPD) is the distance in millimeters between the centers of each pupil.
Monocular PD can be measured during an eye test.
PD measurement using an app (PD+ by Zernike)
Pupillary distance measurement with iPad app
An optician is an individual who fits eyeglasses or contact lenses by filling a refractive prescription from an optometrist or ophthalmologist. They are able to translate and adapt ophthalmic prescriptions, dispense products, and work with accessories. There are several specialties within the field.
A US Navy optician adjusting a customer's glasses
Trial frame and lenses
"He Nose The Eyes". 1910 advertisement for Dr. Felix Gaudin, "Graduate Optician", New Orleans
Plate illustrating opticians' tools and the products of their work, including spectacles and a spyglass