Purim is a Jewish holiday that commemorates the saving of the Jewish people from annihilation at the hands of an official of the Achaemenid Empire named Haman, as it is recounted in the Book of Esther.
Purim by Arthur Szyk
The Triumph of Mordechai, 1624 painting by Pieter Pietersz Lastman (Rembrandt House Museum)
Esther Scroll
People dressed up for Purim. Gan Shmuel Kibbutz, 1952
Cleromancy is a form of sortition in which an outcome is determined by means that normally would be considered random, such as the rolling of dice (astragalomancy), but that are sometimes believed to reveal the will of a deity.
Aaron draws lots to select which of two goats will be the scapegoat. (Leviticus 16:7–10; stained glass from Lincoln Cathedral)