Qalam
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A qalam is a type of reed pen. It is made from a cut, dried reed, and used for Islamic calligraphy. The pen is seen as an important symbol of wisdom in Islam, and references the emphasis on knowledge
Different kinds of handmade wooden calligraphy pens (Qalam) made of different reeds and bamboos
Qalams as used in calligraphy
A Turkish penbox and inkwell that would have been used by calligraphers
Byzantium
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Byzantium or Byzantion was an ancient Greek city in classical antiquity that became known as Constantinople in late antiquity and Istanbul in modern times. The Greek name Byzantion and its Latinizatio
Qalam
…reed pen, in combination with other geometric principles. As far as other aspects of ornamentation go, metallic inks on colored parchment passed from Byzantium to Muslim Spain, and Arabic calligraphy in turn made its way back to Europe. List of pen types, brands and companies…
Lysimachos