1.
University of Akron
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The University of Akron is a public research university in Akron, Ohio, United States. The university is part of the University System of Ohio, as a STEM-focused institution, it focuses on industries such as polymers, advanced materials, and engineering. The University of Akron offers about 200 undergraduate and more than 100 graduate majors and has an enrollment of approximately 27,000 students. The universitys College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering is housed in a 12-story reflective glass building near downtown Akron on the edge of the main campus. UA’s Archives of the History of American Psychology is an affiliate of the Smithsonian Institution, in addition, the university hosts nursing programs in affiliation with Lorain County Community College. It was announced that the location would be given to those who could find an appropriate location, john R. Buchtel, a prominent Akron businessman and Universalist, promptly contributed $25,000 to the endowment fund and $6,000 to the building fund. This led other Akronites to donate, setting the goal and securing Akron as the location for Buchtel College, john R. Buchtel continued to be the colleges most significant contributor, giving $500,000 over his lifetime, approximately equivalent to $16 million today. When the university opened in 1872 it was a single-building campus, george Washington Crouse donated $10,000 of the $20,000 needed to build a new gymnasium, completed in 1888. It was named Crouse Gymnasium in his honor, and was known as the finest gym west of the Alleghenies, tragedy struck the small college on December 20,1899, when Old Buchtel burned to the ground. Insurance only covered $65,000 of the estimated $100,000 in loss, while new campus buildings were being constructed, the Crouse Gymnasium was divided into seven classrooms and served as the college until a new Buchtel Hall was opened in 1901. The new Buchtel Hall, which itself was gutted by fire in 1971, in 1913, Buchtel College trustees transferred the institution and its assets to the city of Akron, and Buchtel College became the Municipal University of Akron. At this time, the enrollment was 198 students, tax money levied for the school and Akrons growing population led to strong growth for the university. Over the next decades the university continued to add new buildings to accommodate its growing student population, acquiring more land through purchases. In 1963, Governor Jim Rhodes approved the university as a state-assisted institution, enrollment in 1964 was 10,000 students. In 1967, it became a state university, providing its current name as The University of Akron. In 2015,25,117 students were enrolled at the University of Akron, during the tenure of its 15th president, Luis M. Proenza, the University of Akron underwent a $627 million construction project, called A New Landscape for Learning. A new football stadium, InfoCision Stadium-Summa Field, was constructed on campus. The new stadium opened for its first game on September 12,2009, the stadium replaced the Rubber Bowl, which is 3 miles from campus and was built in 1940
2.
Akron, Ohio
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Akron /ˈækrən/ is the fifth-largest city in the U. S. state of Ohio and is the county seat of Summit County. It is located on the edge of the Glaciated Allegheny Plateau. As of the 2015 Census Estimate, the city proper had a population of 197,542. The Akron, OH Metropolitan Statistical Area covers Summit and Portage counties and it is also part of the larger Cleveland-Akron-Canton, OH Combined Statistical Area, which in 2013 had a population of 3,501,538, ranking 15th. Co-founded along the Little Cuyahoga River in 1825 by Simon Perkins and Paul Williams, it was done so being a point at the summit of the developing Ohio. The name derived from the Greek word ἄκρον signifying a summit or high point, due to Eliakim Crosby founding North Akron in 1833, South was added to its name until the two merged into an incorporated village in 1836. Neighboring settlements Kenmore and Ellet became annexed in 1929 and it is a setting for several movie films, television shows and novel stories, and is the origin of fictional characters. Residents of the city are called Akronites and it has had many nicknames, three of which are Rubber Capital of the World, Rubber City and City of Invention. Akron became a manufacturing center owing to its location on the canal, as well as being connected to numerous others and railroad lines. The city is home to the All-American Soapbox Derby, WGC-Bridgestone Invitational, Stan Hywet Hall and Gardens, Akron City Hospital, the Goodyear Polymer Center, and Alcoholics Anonymous. Listed by Newsweek as one of ten Information Age high tech havens, it was awarded by the National Civic League, residents Frank and Charles Menches have a disputed claim of inventing the hamburger thus the annual national festival is hosted in the city. A creature often referred to as the Kenmore Grassman is reported through history, Notable historical events that occurred in the city includes the Akron School Law of 1847 creating the K-12 system, and Sojourner Truth giving her Aint I A Woman. Resident Ferdinand Schumacher supplied the Union Army with quaker oats during the American Civil War. Akron is known for the rubber, tire, and airship industries among others, including the trucking, stoneware, sewer pipe, fishing tackle, farming equipment, mining, match, zipper, and toy industries. With a population increase of 201. 8% during the 1910s, three major civil unrest events took place during the riot of 1900, rubber strike of 1936, and the Wooster Avenue riots of 1968. Du Bois and President Bill Clinton gave speeches on race relations in the city, while visiting during August 1914, Marcus Garvey founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association. In 1971, James R. Williams founded Alpha Phi Alpha Homes Inc. to build the Channelwood Village area of Akron. During a 2016 march on West Market Street, purple heart Vietnam War veteran, Notable criminal history includes mobster Rosario Borgio headquartering the areas black hand operations, and Pretty Boy Floyds Walker-Mitchell mobs activities
3.
Ohio
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Ohio /oʊˈhaɪ. oʊ/ is a Midwestern state in the Great Lakes region of the United States. Ohio is the 34th largest by area, the 7th most populous, the states capital and largest city is Columbus. The state takes its name from the Ohio River, the name originated from the Iroquois word ohi-yo’, meaning great river or large creek. Partitioned from the Northwest Territory, the state was admitted to the Union as the 17th state on March 1,1803, Ohio is historically known as the Buckeye State after its Ohio buckeye trees, and Ohioans are also known as Buckeyes. Ohio occupies 16 seats in the United States House of Representatives, Ohio is known for its status as both a swing state and a bellwether in national elections. Six Presidents of the United States have been elected who had Ohio as their home state, Ohios geographic location has proven to be an asset for economic growth and expansion. Because Ohio links the Northeast to the Midwest, much cargo, Ohio has the nations 10th largest highway network, and is within a one-day drive of 50% of North Americas population and 70% of North Americas manufacturing capacity. To the north, Lake Erie gives Ohio 312 miles of coastline, Ohios southern border is defined by the Ohio River, and much of the northern border is defined by Lake Erie. Ohios neighbors are Pennsylvania to the east, Michigan to the northwest, Ontario Canada, to the north, Indiana to the west, Kentucky on the south, Ohio is bounded by the Ohio River, but nearly all of the river itself belongs to Kentucky and West Virginia. Ohio has only that portion of the river between the rivers 1792 low-water mark and the present high-water mark, the border with Michigan has also changed, as a result of the Toledo War, to angle slightly northeast to the north shore of the mouth of the Maumee River. Much of Ohio features glaciated plains, with a flat area in the northwest being known as the Great Black Swamp. Most of Ohio is of low relief, but the unglaciated Allegheny Plateau features rugged hills, in 1965 the United States Congress passed the Appalachian Regional Development Act, at attempt to address the persistent poverty and growing economic despair of the Appalachian Region. This act defines 29 Ohio counties as part of Appalachia, the worst weather disaster in Ohio history occurred along the Great Miami River in 1913. Known as the Great Dayton Flood, the entire Miami River watershed flooded, as a result, the Miami Conservancy District was created as the first major flood plain engineering project in Ohio and the United States. Grand Lake St. Marys in the west central part of the state was constructed as a supply of water for canals in the era of 1820–1850. For many years this body of water, over 20 square miles, was the largest artificial lake in the world and it should be noted that Ohios canal-building projects were not the economic fiasco that similar efforts were in other states. Some cities, such as Dayton, owe their emergence to location on canals. Summers are typically hot and humid throughout the state, while winters generally range from cool to cold, precipitation in Ohio is moderate year-round
4.
National Register of Historic Places
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The National Register of Historic Places is the United States federal governments official list of districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects deemed worthy of preservation. The passage of the National Historic Preservation Act in 1966 established the National Register, of the more than one million properties on the National Register,80,000 are listed individually. The remainder are contributing resources within historic districts, each year approximately 30,000 properties are added to the National Register as part of districts or by individual listings. For most of its history the National Register has been administered by the National Park Service and its goals are to help property owners and interest groups, such as the National Trust for Historic Preservation, coordinate, identify, and protect historic sites in the United States. While National Register listings are mostly symbolic, their recognition of significance provides some financial incentive to owners of listed properties, protection of the property is not guaranteed. During the nomination process, the property is evaluated in terms of the four criteria for inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places, the application of those criteria has been the subject of criticism by academics of history and preservation, as well as the public and politicians. Occasionally, historic sites outside the proper, but associated with the United States are also listed. Properties can be nominated in a variety of forms, including individual properties, historic districts, the Register categorizes general listings into one of five types of properties, district, site, structure, building, or object. National Register Historic Districts are defined geographical areas consisting of contributing and non-contributing properties, some properties are added automatically to the National Register when they become administered by the National Park Service. These include National Historic Landmarks, National Historic Sites, National Historical Parks, National Military Parks/Battlefields, National Memorials, on October 15,1966, the Historic Preservation Act created the National Register of Historic Places and the corresponding State Historic Preservation Offices. Initially, the National Register consisted of the National Historic Landmarks designated before the Registers creation, approval of the act, which was amended in 1980 and 1992, represented the first time the United States had a broad-based historic preservation policy. To administer the newly created National Register of Historic Places, the National Park Service of the U. S. Department of the Interior, hartzog, Jr. established an administrative division named the Office of Archeology and Historic Preservation. Hartzog charged OAHP with creating the National Register program mandated by the 1966 law, ernest Connally was the Offices first director. Within OAHP new divisions were created to deal with the National Register, the first official Keeper of the Register was William J. Murtagh, an architectural historian. During the Registers earliest years in the late 1960s and early 1970s, organization was lax and SHPOs were small, understaffed, and underfunded. A few years later in 1979, the NPS history programs affiliated with both the U. S. National Parks system and the National Register were categorized formally into two Assistant Directorates. Established were the Assistant Directorate for Archeology and Historic Preservation and the Assistant Directorate for Park Historic Preservation, from 1978 until 1981, the main agency for the National Register was the Heritage Conservation and Recreation Service of the United States Department of the Interior. In February 1983, the two assistant directorates were merged to promote efficiency and recognize the interdependency of their programs, jerry L. Rogers was selected to direct this newly merged associate directorate
5.
Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
6.
Quaker Oats Company
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The Quaker Oats Company, known as Quaker, is an American food conglomerate based in Chicago. It has been owned by PepsiCo since 2001 and he held the key positions of general manager, president and chairman of the company from 1888 until late 1943. He was called the cereal tycoon and he donated more than 70% of his wealth to the Crowell Trust. American Oats and Barley Oatmeal Corporation, formally known as Good For Breakfast instant oatmeal mix. The company expanded into areas, including other breakfast cereals and other food and drink products. Quaker Oats in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, was photographed during the 1930s by Theodor Horydczak, who documented the building, operations, and factory workers at the plant. During the World War II the company, through its subsidiary, the Q. O. Ordnance Company, operated the Cornhusker Ordnance Plant, in 1968, a plant was built in Danville, Illinois. In 1969, Quaker acquired Fisher-Price, a toy company and spun it off in 1991, in 1982 Quaker Oats formed US Games, a company that created games for the Atari 2600. It went out of business one year. That same year, Quaker Oats acquired Florida-based orange juice plant Ardmore Farms, in 1983, Quaker bought Stokely-Van Camp, Inc. makers of Van Camps and Gatorade. Quaker bought Snapple for $1.7 billion in 1994 and sold it to Triarc in 1997 for $300 million, Triarc sold it to Cadbury Schweppes for $1.45 billion in September 2000. It was spun off in May 2008 to its current owners, in 1996, Quaker spun off its frozen food business, selling it to Aurora Foods. In August 2001, Quaker was bought out by Pepsico because Pepsi wanted to add Gatorade to its arsenal of beverages, the merger created the fourth-largest consumer goods company in the world. The major Canadian production facility for Quaker Oats is located in Peterborough, the factory was first established as the American Cereal Company in 1902 on the shores of the Otonabee River during that citys period of industrialization. On 11 December 1916, the all but completely burned to the ground. When the smoke had settled,23 people had died and Quaker was left with $2,000,000 in damages, Quaker went on to rebuild the facility incorporating the few areas of the structure that were not destroyed by fire. When PepsiCo purchased Quaker Oats in 2001, many brands were consolidated from facilities around Canada to the Peterborough location—which assumed the new QTG moniker, products are easily identified by the manufactured by address on the packaging. The Peterborough facility exports to the majority of Canada and limited portions of the United States, the Quaker plant sells cereal production byproducts to companies that use them to create fire logs, pellets and janks
7.
Ferdinand Schumacher
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Ferdinand Schumacher, aka The Oatmeal King, was a German immigrant, an American entrepreneur and one of the founders of companies which merged to become the Quaker Oats Company. Ferdinand Schumacher was born in Celle, Hanover, Germany March 30,1822 and he completed high school locally, and apprenticed in the grocery business. He pursued this, and clerked in a business until age 28. He farmed for two years and established a trade in Akron, Ohio in 1852. In 1857, he rented water power on the Ohio Canal in northwest Akron to power a mill for production of oatmeal, in 1858 he added equipment for pearling barley. He continued adding to his plant, and introduced steam power in 1875, Ferdinand Schumacher married his cousin, Hermine Schumacher, in 1851, they had seven children, three children survived to adulthood. He was active in the movement, and was strongly for prohibition. He supported the erection of many churches, Schumacher ran unsuccessfully for Ohio Secretary of State in 1872 and 1882, and Ohio Governor in 1883 as Progressive Party nominee. Ferdinand Schumacher at Ohio History Central Description of Ferdinand Schumacher at the Cleveland Memory Project
8.
Amtrak
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Founded in 1971 to take over most of the remaining U. S. passenger rail services, it is partially government funded yet operated and managed as a for-profit corporation. Amtrak serves more than 500 destinations in 46 states and three Canadian provinces, operating more than 300 trains each day over 21,300 miles of track, some track sections allow trains to run as fast as 150 mph. In fiscal year 2015, Amtrak served 30.8 million passengers and had $2.185 billion in revenue, nearly two-thirds of passengers come from the 10 largest metropolitan areas, 83% of passengers travel on routes shorter than 400 miles. Its headquarters is at Union Station in Washington, D. C, the name Amtrak is a portmanteau of the words America and trak, the latter itself a sensational spelling of track. From the mid-19th century until about 1920, nearly all intercity travelers in the United States moved by rail, historically, U. S. passenger trains were owned and operated by the same privately owned companies that operated freight trains. About 65,000 railroad passenger cars operated in 1929, from 1920 into the later 20th century, passenger rails popularity diminished and there was a series of pullbacks and tentative recoveries. Rail passenger revenues declined dramatically between 1920 and 1934 because of the rise of the automobile, in the same period, many travelers were lost to interstate bus companies such as Greyhound Lines. However, in the mid-1930s, railroads reignited popular imagination with service improvements and new, diesel-powered streamliners, such as the gleaming silver Pioneer Zephyr and Flying Yankee. Even with the improvements, on a basis, traffic continued to decline. World War II broke the malaise, passenger traffic soared sixfold thanks to troop movements, in 1946, there remained 45 percent fewer passenger trains than in 1929, and the decline quickened despite railroad optimism. Passengers disappeared and so did trains, few trains generated profits, most produced losses. Broad-based passenger rail deficits appeared as early as 1948, and by the mid-1950s, by 1965, only 10,000 rail passenger cars were in operation,85 percent fewer than in 1929. Passenger service was provided on only 75,000 miles of track, the 1960s also saw the end of railway post office revenues, which had helped some of the remaining trains break even. The causes of the decline of rail in the United States were complex. Until 1920, rail was the practical form of intercity transport. By 1930, the companies had constructed, with private funding. In 1916, the amount of track in the United States peaked at 254,251 miles, some rail routes had been built primarily to facilitate the sale of stock in the railroad companies, they were redundant from the beginning. These were the first to be abandoned as the financial positions deteriorated
9.
Inter-city rail
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Inter-city rail services are express passenger train services that cover longer distances than commuter or regional trains. There is no definition of inter-city rail, its meaning may vary from country to country. Most typically, an inter-city train is a train with limited stops. Inter-city rail sometimes provides international services and this is most prevalent in Europe, due to the close proximity of its 50 countries in a 10,180,000 square kilometre area. Eurostar and EuroCity are examples of this and this use of the term appeared in the United Kingdom in the 1960s and has been widely imitated. The speeds of inter-city rail lines are diverse, ranging from 50 km/h in a mountainous area or on undeveloped tracks to 200–350 km/h on newly constructed or improved tracks. As a result, Inter-city rail may or may not fall into the category of higher-speed rail or high-speed rail, ideally, the average speed of inter-city rail service would be faster than 100 km/h in order to be competitive with car, bus and other methods of transport. 50–100 km The distance of an inter-city rail journey is usually at least 50–100 km, although in large metropolitan areas commuter. 100–500 km A distance of 100–500 km is a common journey distance for inter-city rail in many countries, in many cases, railway travel is most competitive at about 2–3 hours journey time. Inter-city rail can compete with highways and short-haul air travel for journeys of this distance. 500–1,000 km In journeys of 500–1,000 km, development of high-speed rail in some countries increases the share of railway for such longer-distance journeys. The Paris-Marseille TGV and Tokyo-Aomori Shinkansen are examples of type of journey. In conventional non high-speed rail, overnight trains are common for this distance, in many other countries, such long-distance rail journey has been replaced by air travel except for tourism or hobbyist purposes, luxury train journeys, or significant cost benefit. Discount Eurail Pass in Europe, Amtrak in the United States, New high-speed lines from 200–350 km/h operation are constructed, and many conventional lines are also upgraded to 200 km/h operation. Currently there are seven High-Speed Inter-City lines in China, with up to 21 planned and they are operated independently from the often parallel High-Speed-Rail-Lines. Japan has six main regional railway companies, known collectively as Japan Railways Group or simply as JR. Many other cities are covered by a network of JRs limited express inter-city trains on 1,067 mm, narrow gauge, major cities are covered by convenient train services of every one hour or more frequent. In addition to the JR Group, Japan has several major regional carriers such as the Kintetsu, almost every major town and city in South Korea is linked by railway, run by Korail
10.
Three Rivers (train)
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The Three Rivers was a daily Amtrak train running between New York City and Chicago, Illinois. It operated via Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and Akron, the Three Rivers replaced the Broadway Limited in 1995. The route was cancelled, with the last train running on March 7,2005, Service east of Pittsburgh continues to be provided by the Pennsylvanian. Stations previously served between Pittsburgh and Hammond–Whiting are bereft of passenger trains, though the Capitol Limited provides service between Pittsburgh and Chicago via Cleveland, Ohio, Amtrak began the Three Rivers on September 10,1995, as a replacement for the discontinued Broadway Limited. Originally the train ran between New York and Pittsburgh, extending a New York—Harrisburg, Pennsylvania Keystone Service, in Pittsburgh, the train exchanged mail cars with the Chicago—Washington, D. C. Capitol Limited. Passengers continuing to Chicago changed trains, through service began on February 1,1996, two Three Rivers Amfleet coaches were coupled to the Superliner consist of the Capitol Limited. Through passengers reached the Capitol Limited portion of the train via the transition dorm, Amtrak ended the switching operation on November 10,1996 in favor of extending the Three Rivers to Chicago as an independent train. Amtrak restored the Broadway Limiteds numbers, but because of equipment shortages could not restore sleeper service nor a full dining car. Operating at the height of Amtraks experiment with mail and express business, at the outset, the Three Rivers stopped at Pittsburgh, Greensburg, Johnstown, Altoona, Huntingdon, Lewistown, Harrisburg, Lancaster, Paoli, Philadelphia, Trenton, Newark and New York. With the extension to Chicago in 1996, service began to Hammond-Whiting, Service to the intermediate Ohio stations began after those cities funded station improvements, Youngstown, Fostoria and Akron. Amtrak added Latrobe as a stop on May 17,1998. Highlights along the run included Horseshoe Curve near Altoona, Pennsylvania Dutch Country, the entire trip took about 20 hours. The Three Rivers used Amfleet coaches and either Amfleet or Horizon dinettes, Amtrak never assigned a full dining car owing to equipment shortages and an unfavorable schedule. Starting on April 1,1999 Amtrak began assigning a Heritage Fleet sleeper to the Three Rivers, no Viewliners were available, Amtrak refurbished four stored Heritage sleepers for $250,000. These were the last standard 10-6 sleepers in Amtrak operation and required a Federal Railroad Administration waiver to operate because of their direct-dump toilets, when this waiver expired in October 2001 Amtrak retired the Heritage sleepers and replaced them with Viewliners, which were now available
11.
Chicago Union Station
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Chicago Union Station is a major railroad station that opened in 1925 in Chicago, Illinois, replacing an earlier station built in 1881. It is the only remaining intercity rail terminal in Chicago, as well as being the primary terminal for commuter trains. The station stands on the west side of the Chicago River between West Adams Street and West Jackson Boulevard, just outside the Chicago Loop, including approach and storage tracks, it is about nine and a half city blocks in size. Its facilities are underground, buried beneath streets and skyscrapers. Chicago Union Station is the third-busiest rail terminal in the United States, after Grand Central Terminal and it is Amtraks overall fourth-busiest station. It handles approximately 120,000 passengers on a weekday and is one of Chicago’s most iconic structures, reflecting the city’s strong architectural heritage. In addition to standing out architecturally, Union Station has features that reflect its commitment to sustainability, in 2011, its lighting system was replaced with more energy-efficient light bulbs and motion sensors, reducing the station’s carbon footprint by 4 million tons annually. Chicago Union Station was designated as one of America’s “Great Places” in 2012 by the American Planning Association. The “Great Places” program by APA highlights places streets, neighborhoods, and public spaces around America that exhibit “exemplary character, quality, and planning. ”These places are unique in their cultural and historical significance, sense of community, and vision. Other criteria include “architectural features, accessibility, functionality, and community involvement. ”Chicago Union Station is considered a “Great Public Space” by APA and these spaces are safe and inviting, well-maintained, and attractive, both visually and in functionality. In addition, local culture and history are reflected within the space, Union Station is laid out with a double stub-end configuration, with 10 tracks coming into the station from the north and 14 from the south. Because passenger trains do not pass through Union Station, all passengers traveling through Chicago must change trains to reach their final destination. There are 2 through tracks to allow out-of-service equipment moves between the north and south side, including one with a platform to allow extra long trains to board, between the north and south sides of the station is a passenger concourse. Passengers can walk through the concourse to get from any platform to any other without stairs or elevators, odd-numbered platforms are on the north half of the station, and even-numbered platforms on the south half. The north tracks are used by Amtrak for the Hiawatha Service and the Empire Builder, and by Metra for the Milwaukee District West, Milwaukee District North, the south tracks are used for all of the other Amtrak and Metra services. Two station management structures, one on side of the terminal, monitor train-to-track assignments. The concourse also has a level between platform and street level, containing a food court featuring local vendors as well as national chains. Located west of Canal Street, Union Stations headhouse occupies a city block
12.
Pennsylvania Station (New York City)
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Pennsylvania Station, also known as New York Penn Station or Penn Station, is the main intercity railroad station in New York City. Serving more than 600,000 commuter rail and Amtrak passengers a day, Penn Station is in the midtown area of Manhattan, close to Herald Square, the Empire State Building, Koreatown, and the Macys department store. Entirely underground, it sits beneath Madison Square Garden, between Seventh Avenue and Eighth Avenue and between 31st and 34th Streets, Penn Station has 21 tracks fed by seven tunnels. It is at the center of the Northeast Corridor, a rail line that connects New York City with Boston, Philadelphia, Washington, D. C. Intercity trains are operated by Amtrak, which owns the station, while rail services are operated by the Long Island Rail Road. Connections are available within the complex to the New York City Subway, additionally, if reopened, the old Hilton Corridor would recreate an indoor connection with Port Authority Trans-Hudson trains. The original Pennsylvania Station was built from 1901-1910 by the Pennsylvania Railroad, after a decline in passenger usage during the 1950s, the original station was demolished and reconstructed from 1963 to 1969, resulting in the current station. Pennsylvania Station is named for the Pennsylvania Railroad, its builder and original tenant, the current facility is the substantially remodeled underground remnant of a significantly more ornate station building designed by McKim, Mead, and White and completed in 1910. The original Pennsylvania Station was considered a masterpiece of the Beaux-Arts style, the station was moved fully underground, beneath the newly constructed Pennsylvania Plaza complex and Madison Square Garden arena completed in 1968. Until the early 20th century, the PRRs rail network terminated on the side of the Hudson River at Exchange Place in Jersey City. Manhattan-bound passengers boarded ferries to cross the Hudson River for the stretch of their journey. The rival New York Central Railroads line ran down Manhattan from the north under Park Avenue, the development of the electric locomotive at the turn of the 20th century made a tunnel feasible. The station would sit in Manhattans Tenderloin district, a historical district known for its corruption and prostitution. Beginning in June 1903, the two single-track North River Tunnels were bored from the west under the Hudson River. Electrification was initially 600 volts DC–third rail, and later changed to 11,000 volts AC–overhead catenary when electrification of PRRs mainline was extended to Washington, D. C. in the early 1930s. The same tube, with an inscription indicating that it had displayed at the Exposition, was later installed under water. Construction was completed on the Hudson River tunnels on October 9,1906, meanwhile, ground was broken for Pennsylvania Station on May 1,1904. Along with Long Island Rail Road trains, Penn Station saw trains of the New Haven and the Lehigh Valley Railroads
13.
National Park Service
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It was created on August 25,1916, by Congress through the National Park Service Organic Act and is an agency of the United States Department of the Interior. As of 2014, the NPS employs 21,651 employees who oversee 417 units, the National Park Service celebrated its centennial in 2016. National parks and national monuments in the United States were originally individually managed under the auspices of the Department of the Interior, the movement for an independent agency to oversee these federal lands was spearheaded by business magnate and conservationist Stephen Mather, as well as J. Horace McFarland. With the help of journalist Robert Sterling Yard, Mather ran a publicity campaign for the Department of the Interior and they wrote numerous articles that praised the scenic and historic qualities of the parks and their possibilities for educational, inspirational, and recreational benefits. This campaign resulted in the creation of a National Park Service, Mather became the first director of the newly formed NPS. On March 3,1933, President Herbert Hoover signed the Reorganization Act of 1933, the act would allow the President to reorganize the executive branch of the United States government. It wasnt until later that summer when the new President, Franklin D. Roosevelt, President Roosevelt agreed and issued two Executive orders to make it happen. In 1951, Conrad Wirth became director of the National Park Service, the demand for parks after the end of the World War II had left the parks overburdened with demands that could not be met. In 1952, with the support of President Dwight D. Eisenhower, he began Mission 66, New parks were added to preserve unique resources and existing park facilities were upgraded and expanded. In 1966, as the Park Service turned 50 years old, emphasis began to turn from just saving great and wonderful scenery, Director George Hartzog began the process with the creation of the National Lakeshores and then National Recreation Areas. Since its inception in 1916, the National Park Service has managed each of the United States national parks, Yellowstone National Park was the first national park in the United States. In 1872, there was no government to manage it. Yosemite National Park began as a park, the land for the park was donated by the federal government to the state of California in 1864 for perpetual conservation. Yosemite was later returned to federal ownership, at first, each national park was managed independently, with varying degrees of success. In Yellowstone, the staff was replaced by the U. S. Army in 1886. Due to the irregularities in managing these national treasures, Stephen Mather petitioned the government to improve the situation. In response, Secretary of the Interior Franklin K. Lane challenged him to lobby for creating a new agency, Mather was successful with the ratification of the National Park Service Organic Act in 1916. Later, the agency was given authority over other protected areas, the National Park System includes all properties managed by the National Park Service
14.
Wayback Machine
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The Internet Archive launched the Wayback Machine in October 2001. It was set up by Brewster Kahle and Bruce Gilliat, and is maintained with content from Alexa Internet, the service enables users to see archived versions of web pages across time, which the archive calls a three dimensional index. Since 1996, the Wayback Machine has been archiving cached pages of websites onto its large cluster of Linux nodes and it revisits sites every few weeks or months and archives a new version. Sites can also be captured on the fly by visitors who enter the sites URL into a search box, the intent is to capture and archive content that otherwise would be lost whenever a site is changed or closed down. The overall vision of the machines creators is to archive the entire Internet, the name Wayback Machine was chosen as a reference to the WABAC machine, a time-traveling device used by the characters Mr. Peabody and Sherman in The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show, an animated cartoon. These crawlers also respect the robots exclusion standard for websites whose owners opt for them not to appear in search results or be cached, to overcome inconsistencies in partially cached websites, Archive-It. Information had been kept on digital tape for five years, with Kahle occasionally allowing researchers, when the archive reached its fifth anniversary, it was unveiled and opened to the public in a ceremony at the University of California, Berkeley. Snapshots usually become more than six months after they are archived or, in some cases, even later. The frequency of snapshots is variable, so not all tracked website updates are recorded, Sometimes there are intervals of several weeks or years between snapshots. After August 2008 sites had to be listed on the Open Directory in order to be included. As of 2009, the Wayback Machine contained approximately three petabytes of data and was growing at a rate of 100 terabytes each month, the growth rate reported in 2003 was 12 terabytes/month, the data is stored on PetaBox rack systems manufactured by Capricorn Technologies. In 2009, the Internet Archive migrated its customized storage architecture to Sun Open Storage, in 2011 a new, improved version of the Wayback Machine, with an updated interface and fresher index of archived content, was made available for public testing. The index driving the classic Wayback Machine only has a bit of material past 2008. In January 2013, the company announced a ground-breaking milestone of 240 billion URLs, in October 2013, the company announced the Save a Page feature which allows any Internet user to archive the contents of a URL. This became a threat of abuse by the service for hosting malicious binaries, as of December 2014, the Wayback Machine contained almost nine petabytes of data and was growing at a rate of about 20 terabytes each week. Between October 2013 and March 2015 the websites global Alexa rank changed from 162 to 208, in a 2009 case, Netbula, LLC v. Chordiant Software Inc. defendant Chordiant filed a motion to compel Netbula to disable the robots. Netbula objected to the motion on the ground that defendants were asking to alter Netbulas website, in an October 2004 case, Telewizja Polska USA, Inc. v. Echostar Satellite, No.02 C3293,65 Fed. 673, a litigant attempted to use the Wayback Machine archives as a source of admissible evidence, Telewizja Polska is the provider of TVP Polonia and EchoStar operates the Dish Network
15.
Buchtel College of Arts and Sciences
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The Buchtel College of Arts and Sciences is the largest college of the University of Akron, located in Akron, Ohio. The Buchtel College of Arts and Sciences traces its origins back to 1870 with Buchtel College and it is named after John R. Buchtel. The college offers more than 30 undergraduate majors, nearly 20 masters degrees, also within the Buchtel College of Arts and Sciences is the Ray C. Bliss Institute of Applied Politics, which is directed by John C. Green, the Buchtel College of Arts and Sciences at the University of Akron
16.
University of Akron School of Law
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The University of Akron School of Law is the law school at the University of Akron in Akron, Ohio, USA. Since 1921, the school has produced over 6,000 graduates who have gone on to careers in the private and public sectors, including several notable judges and politicians. Located across from E. J. Thomas Hall on University Avenue, blake McDowell Law Center on the northwest portion of the University of Akron campus. It also houses the Joseph G. Miller and William C, becker Institute for Professional Responsibility and The University of Akron Center for Constitutional Law, one of only four constitutional law centers established by Congress in the United States. The University of Akron School of Law admits traditional three year J. D. students, part-time J. D. students, and also students for the LL. M. A study conducted by IDEA – The Intellectual Property Law Review in 2005, the law school also publishes the Akron Intellectual Property Journal which is a scholarly legal publication of The University of Akron C. Blake McDowell Law Center that produces a volume of two issues for use by scholars, practitioners, and judges. This is the fifth year the Akron Law Review was in the top 50. Each Spring, The University of Akron School of Law hosts the Richard C, sughrue Symposium On Intellectual Property Law and Policy, featuring many known scholars and practitioners within the field of Intellectual Property. Known past speakers include Robert Stoll, Commissioner for Patents at the USPTO, the University of Akron School of Law has a program for undergraduate Honors students at the University of Akron to receive undergraduate admission to the law school. In order to stay in the students must maintain a 3.4 GPA. After graduating from Kent State University, Ohio congresswoman Betty Sutton received her J. D. from Akron law, in 2006, she defeated Craig L. Foltin for Ohios 13th congressional district and was successfully re-elected in 2008. The former mayor of Akron, Ohio, Don Plusquellic, received his J. D. from Akron law and was a private practice attorney at the time of his election in 1987, deborah L. Cook received her J. D. from Akron in 1978. Having previously served as a justice for the Supreme Court of Ohio from 1995 to 2003, she was appointed by George W. Bush in 2003 to serve on the Sixth Circuit alongside Batchelder. They were both touted by the media as possible nominations of George W. Bush for the Supreme Court, among the schools graduates who have gone on to be United States district court judges are James S. Gwin, Peter C. Economus, Samuel H. Bell, and John R. Adams, of the Class of 2013,89. 2% found employment nine months after graduation. 59% of the Class of 2013 found employment for which a JD is required nine months after graduation, in addition, over 15% of the Class of 2013 found JD-preferred positions. 13. 3% of the Class of 2013 found other professional positions,87. 3% of the Class of 2013 was employed in either a JD-required, JD-preferred, or Other Professional position nine months after graduation
17.
University of Akron School of Music
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The University of Akron, School of Music is an academic program at the University of Akron. Students and faculty present some 350 campus recitals each year, in addition, students can form chamber music groups on their own. The Nola Guzzetta Recital Hall is equipped with a three manual Moeller pipe organ, a Martin harpsichord, and two Steinway concert grand pianos, there is also a recording studio for the recording of concerts
18.
Northeast Ohio Medical University
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Northeast Ohio Medical University is a public, interprofessional, community-based health sciences university in Rootstown, Ohio. Until 2011, the school was known as the Northeastern Ohio Universities Colleges of Medicine and its medical school is the only in the United States that has partnerships with four public universities and one private college. It also has 24 hospital partners, while the school has over 100 pharmacy partners. These relationships allow the university to focus on its mission of training physicians and pharmacists oriented to practice at the community level, the class size has grown to around 160 medical and 80 pharmacy students. The College of Medicine is accredited by the Liaison Committee on Medical Education, the Master of Public Health program is accredited by the Council on Education for Public Health. The medical university was begun by Leonard Caccamo, who became its first chairman of the Board of Trustees, as medical director of St. Elizabeth Hospital in Youngstown, Ohio, he began the planning for the university. He was assisted by Harry Meshel, then majority leader of the Ohio Senate, based on that initial study a three-city consortium of Akron, Canton, and Youngstown was developed with the University of Akron, Kent State University, and Youngstown State University. Cleveland State University was added in 2008, the charter class was selected in September 1977 and included 42 students from UA, KSU, and YSU in a combined B. S. /M. D. They graduated in 1981, the year the school became fully accredited. The College of Pharmacy, approved in 2005, was inaugurated with 75 students in August 2007 in the Doctor of Pharmacy degree program, given the schools more rural setting, the Doctor of Pharmacy program has a community pharmacy emphasis. In May 2011, the university graduated its class of 61 pharmacists. The university has collaborative arrangements with other colleges and universities to offer education in biomedical sciences. Starting with the class of 2009, the College of Medicine has adopted an Integrated Steps Curriculum, jay Alan Gershen began his term as president of the university on January 15,2010. In his February 2010 address, he announced plans to raise the universitys profile. This was officially signed into law on April 29,2011, in 2015, NEOMED was named a Top Workplace in Northeast Ohio by the Cleveland Plain Dealer, its third time doing so. The main campus is located in Rootstown, Ohio, approximately 14 miles east of Akron,33 miles west of Youngstown, the NEOMED Education and Wellness Center houses a fitness center, bistro, coffee shop, and conference space, as well as physical therapy and childcare services. There are also plans to contain a pharmacy and medical offices through partnerships, the third floor of the NEW Center is home to the Bio-Med Science Academy, a STEM charter school for grades 9–12. On the northern edge of campus, the university offers housing for professional students, faculty, and staff in The Village at NEOMED
19.
Rootstown Township, Portage County, Ohio
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Rootstown Township is one of the eighteen townships of Portage County, Ohio, United States. The 2000 census found 7,212 people in the township, formed from the Connecticut Western Reserve, Rootstown Township covers an area of 25 sq mi. It is the only Rootstown Township statewide, Rootstown is named for Ephraim Root, a native of Coventry, Connecticut who was a lawyer and investor in the Connecticut Land Company. He was the proprietor of the township as well as other properties in the Connecticut Western Reserve. Root first visited the township in 1800 and his brother David was the first settler, in 1821 the Roostown Post Office was established. It continues today under the ZIP Code Rootstown, OH44272, in 1832, many German immigrants came who were farmers, stonemasons and carpenters. A plague in 1845 took 49 victims, including the only physician. In 1850 a band of 16 whaling sea captains from Nantucket bought land, built large homes, nelson Converse opened the first general store in 1853 in the center of town. In 1866 the Central and Pacific Railroad was built through the part of the township. Electricity brought modern conveniences to the area in 1921, and street lights to both Rootstown and New Milford in 1949,27 men formed the volunteer fire company in 1938. Its equipment was housed in the basement of the hall until a new building was constructed by volunteer work. The department constructed a new building in 2002 adjacent to the former at the intersection of Tallmadge Road and it opened during the bicentennial weekend, the previous fire station was razed. The first religious body established in Rootstown was the Rootstown Congregational Church in 1810, St. Peter of the Fields Catholic Church was established in 1868 and Grace Church of Rootstown in 1948. In 1961, a Ward of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints that serves southern Portage County was relocated to Rootstown. The township is governed by a board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1. Two are elected in the year after the election and one is elected in the year before it. Vacancies in the fiscal officership or on the board of trustees are filled by the remaining trustees, the Rootstown Town Hall was built in 1809 and remains in use today. It first received electricity in 1921 and indoor plumbing in 1963, in 1999 the township zoning board began using the basement of the town hall to store accumulated files and records
20.
Medina, Ohio
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Medina /mᵻˈdaɪnə/ mə-DY-na is a city in Medina County, Ohio. In 2009, CNNMoney named Medina the 40th most desirable American city to live in, the population was 26,678 at the 2010 Census. It is the county seat of Medina County, Medina is located at 41°8′9″N 81°51′51″W. and includes parts of Lafayette Township, Medina Township, Montville Township and York Township in Medina County, Ohio. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 12 square miles. As of the recent census of 2010, there were 26,678 people,10,382 households, the population density was 2,260.85 inhabitants per square mile. There were 11,152 housing units at a density of 963.9 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 93. 3% White,3. 1% African American,0. 1% Native American,0. 9% Asian,0. 5% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 1. 8% of the population. 27. 8% of all households were made up of individuals, the average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 3.13. The median age in the city was 36.4 years. 28. 3% of residents were under the age of 18,7. 3% were between the ages of 18 and 24,27. 4% were from 25 to 44,25. 2% were from 45 to 64, and 11. 7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48. 1% male and 51. 9% female, of the citys population over the age of 25,34. 4% held a bachelors degree or higher. At the 2000 census, there were 25,139 people,9,467 households and 6,683 families in the city, the population density was 2,260.85 inhabitants per square mile. There were 9,924 housing units at a density of 891.92 inhabitants per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 94. 60% White,2. 77% African American,0. 19% Native American,0. 74% Asian,0. 03% Pacific Islander,0. 26% from other races, and 1. 41% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1. 00% of the population,25. 1% of all households were made up of individuals and 9. 5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.60 and the family size was 3.15. 29. 9% of the population were under the age of 18,7. 2% from 18 to 24,33. 8% from 25 to 44,18. 8% from 45 to 64, the median age was 33 years. For every 100 females there were 92.1 males, for every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.2 males
21.
Wayne College
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Wayne College is a branch campus of The University of Akron located in Orrville, Ohio. It offers the first two years of general bachelors degree coursework for students who plan to complete their degrees at the Akron campus or other colleges and universities, the College also offers two bachelors programs including organizational supervision and social work. An MBA is also available at the campus through The University of Akron College of Business Administration. Wayne College is located on 160 acres of land on the edge of Orrville, Ohio and consists of the original classroom building built in 1972 and the Student Life Building. The building also houses the Continuing Education & Workforce Development department, the campus includes the Barnet-Hoover Farmhouse, the original homestead of the property circa 1818. In 2005 the building was re-adapted for classroom use and now modern conveniences, Wayne College has 27 full-time faculty,14 of whom hold doctorate degrees. The average full-time faculty member has a masters degree plus 20 semester hours of coursework and 12 years of teaching experience. The student-to-faculty ratio is 23 to 1 with a class size of 18 students. Wayne College enrolls nearly 2,500 students each semester for credit classes with another 2,500 participating in some manner of continuing education and/or workforce development training. Of those students, 70% come from Wayne County, 20% from Medina County, with the remaining 10% from Holmes, Wayne College offers day and evening classes, plus special sections for Weekend College. Wayne College also hosts annual Shakespeare Festivals every November for the enjoyment of students, for more information, see the Shakespeare Festival page. University of Akron Wayne College The University of Akron
22.
Orrville, Ohio
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Orrville is a city in Wayne County, Ohio, United States. It is about 20 miles southwest of Akron, the population was 8,380 at the 2010 census. The J. M. Smucker Co. owner of the Smuckers brand, is headquartered in Orrville, Orrville was laid out in 1852, and named after Judge Smith Orr, proprietor. A post office called Orrville has been in operation since 1852, Orrville is located at 40°50′N 81°46′W. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 5.75 square miles. As of the census of 2010, there were 8,380 people,3,337 households, the population density was 1,459.9 inhabitants per square mile. There were 3,690 housing units at a density of 642.9 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 89. 7% White,4. 9% African American,0. 1% Native American,1. 3% Asian,1. 3% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 3. 5% of the population. 26. 5% of all households were made up of individuals and 11. 9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 2.96. The median age in the city was 39 years. 24. 3% of residents were under the age of 18,8. 7% were between the ages of 18 and 24,23. 8% were from 25 to 44,26. 9% were from 45 to 64, and 16. 1% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48. 7% male and 51. 3% female, as of the census of 2000, there were 8,551 people,3,305 households, and 2,343 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,600.8 people per square mile, there were 3,489 housing units at an average density of 653.2 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 90. 89% White,5. 93% African American,0. 16% Native American,1. 15% Asian,0. 01% Pacific Islander,0. 51% from other races, and 1. 34% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1. 29% of the population,24. 8% of all households were made up of individuals and 10. 0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 7.55 and the family size was 3.04. In the city the population was out with 27. 6% under the age of 18,8. 4% from 18 to 24,29. 7% from 25 to 44,21. 2% from 45 to 64. The median age was 36 years, for every 100 females there were 94.0 males
23.
Akron Zips
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The intercollegiate athletic teams at the University of Akron are known as the Zips. Teams compete in the National Collegiate Athletic Association at the Division I level, since 1992, the Zips have been members of the Mid-American Conference. The Zips name is unique in college athletics and comes from zippers, in 1925, a campus-wide contest had been conducted to choose a nickname for the universitys athletic teams. Suggestions submitted by students, faculty, and alumni included Golden Blue Devils, Tip Toppers, Rubbernecks, Hillbillies, Kangaroos, the winner, freshman Margaret Hamlin, received a prize of $10 for Zippers. Athletic director Kenneth Cochrane officially shortened the nickname to Zips in 1950, the universitys mascot is Zippy, a kangaroo. Zippy is one of only a few female college mascots in the United States and they also formerly played Youngstown State University for the Steel Tire until that series was discontinued in 1995. On December 12,2010, Akron won the NCAA Division 1 national championship in soccer by defeating the Louisville Cardinals. This was the first NCAA team championship for the school in any sport, the Zips play their home games at FirstEnergy Stadium-Cub Cadet Field. Following the 2012 campaign, head coach Caleb Porter left the Zips to take the coaching of the Portland Timbers of Major League Soccer. In 2006, the basketball team, under head coach Keith Dambrot. The team, led by first team All-MAC performer Romeo Travis, in 2008, Keith Dambrot led Akron to the MAC Tournament Final for a second year in a row, yet the team fell for a second time, this time to archrival Kent State. The Zips advanced to the NIT for a time in Dambrots four years as head coach and won their first game at Florida State. In 2010, the reached the MAC Tournament Championship game for the fourth straight year. The Zips played in the postseason CBI tournament where they lost to Wisconsin–Green Bay 70–66, the mens basketball team advanced to the NCAA Division I Mens Basketball Tournament in 2011 and 2013 as well. The womens basketball team went to their first NCAA Tournament in 2014 after winning the MAC title and they made the WNIT in 1999,2013, and 2015 and the WBI in 2015. The 2005 mens soccer team was the first team in UA history to hold a national no.1 ranking in any sport, and was coached by Ken Lolla, now the head coach at the University of Louisville. Rhodes Arena FirstEnergy Stadium-Cub Cadet Field Lee R. Jackson Field Lee Jackson Field The Stile Athletics Field House Akron Zips baseball, discontinued in 2015 Official website
24.
James A. Rhodes Arena
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James A. Rhodes Arena, commonly nicknamed The JAR, is an arena in Akron, Ohio, United States on the campus of the University of Akron named for former Ohio governor Jim Rhodes. The arena opened in 1983 and is home to the Akron Zips mens and womens basketball teams, the new facility was six years in the making. Some delays were encountered after the General Assembly, in 1977, appropriated $8 million for the construction of a 10, after scrapping the original design, the University decided to go ahead with plans for a scaled-down version of the building. The 125, 538-square-foot building, including an 18, 000-square-foot wood floor, was designed by architect Thomas T. K. Zung, the University Board of Trustees approved the new version in July 1981, and ground breaking occurred on March 8,1982. The building first opened on December 3,1983 replacing the Universitys 3,000 seat Memorial Hall gymnasium located next door. The building site on the edge of campus is located on the northeast corner of Union and Carroll streets, and once served as the home for Fire Station No.5. The JAR hosted the Ohio Valley Conference mens basketball tournament in 1986, under the guidance of the University Athletic audio engineers, the JAR received a major upgrade in the fan atmosphere experience. At construction, the JAR employed a distributed horn powered PA system with very narrow dispersion angles and this setup lead to several hot zones and many fans wondering what the announcer said. That changed in 2005 with the installation of a fully zoned system employing EVH model horn loaded boxes coupled with 6 TX Series subwoofers in the South catwalk for that tipoff Thunderstruck kick. A separate zone was included for the floor for the UA Dance Team. Precision series EV combined amplifiers and DSPs tune the system to near perfection in every seat, a Midas Venice series mixing console along with several channels of external dynamic channel processing, as well as enhanced hyperspheric modulation accelerators, handle all audio inputs. The system has reached a maximum level of 115 dB during games. The facility currently seats 5,500 people, in addition to the court, the first level features locker rooms, a sports medicine and training facility, a ticket office, a fan team shop and meeting rooms. The arena hosted the basketball team from nearby St. Vincent - St. Mary High School during LeBron James tenure at the school. His games would typically outdraw Zips mens games, the decision to name the arena after former governor Rhodes was highly controversial as he ordered the Ohio National Guard to nearby Kent State University prior to the May 4,1970 shootings. Because of anticipated protests, the dedication of the building was not publicly announced in advance, James A Rhodes Arena - Akron Zips
25.
Lee R. Jackson Field
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Lee R. Jackson Baseball Field is a baseball venue on the campus of the University of Akron in Akron, Ohio, United States. It is part of the 23-acre Lee R. Jackson Athletic Complex which also includes the varsity softball field, track and field complex, a practice field. The venue is named for Lee R. Jackson, former chairman of the board of directors. Built in 1967, the field has a capacity of 1,500 spectators, the field was constructed in 1967 and hosted its first game on April 8,1967, in which Akron defeated Kenyon 15-8. In 1972, it was moved to its current location next to Akrons soccer facility, prior to the 2002 season, a $45,000 project installed a new backstop at the facility. In addition to Akron baseball, the field has hosted high school baseball prospect camps
26.
Wagon Wheel (trophy)
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The trophy is, as the name implies, the wheel from a horse-drawn wagon that is painted blue and gold, the school colors for both universities. It was first contested in 1946 when the rivalry resumed after World War II, although the two schools are in neighboring Northeast Ohio counties and are only approximately 10 miles apart, they only played each other in football periodically since the first meeting in 1923. The rivalry was contested annually over several periods of time, Akron joined the Mid-American Conference in 1992, and since then, the rivalry has been played every year. Through the 2015 game, Kent State leads the Wagon Wheel series 23–21–1 while Akron leads the overall series 32–24–2, the University of Akron and Kent State University, located approximately 10 miles apart, first played football against each other in 1923, a 32–0 win for Akron. The two schools did not meet again until 1928 and played annually from 1928 through the 1936 game, from 1932–1935, both teams were members of the Ohio Athletic Conference, which Akron had joined in 1915 and Kent had joined in 1932. During that time period, all of the games were Akron wins except a scoreless tie in 1932, World War II halted the series again as neither school fielded a team for the 1943,1944, and 1945 seasons. Akron rejoined the OAC in 1944 and the Wagon Wheel trophy was introduced when the series resumed in 1946 and it was the idea of Raymond Manchester, the dean of men at Kent State. Manchester donated the wheel, claiming it had discovered in Kent in 1902 during construction of a pipeline or building near the eventual site of Kent State University. Manchesters story was that Buchtel had been near the site of Kent State in 1870 while scouting for a site to locate a new college. Buchtels carriage became stuck in the mud and his horses pulled it apart and that incident, Manchester claimed, caused Buchtel to ultimately choose Akron as the site of the new college, which opened in 1872 and eventually became the University of Akron. While Akron went 10–0–1 in the beginning, Kent State proceeded to win the next 10 games. Several of the wins were by margins, including a 47–0 win in 1949 that stands as the largest margin of victory for either team. After Kent States 58–18 win in 1954, the series was discontinued as being noncompetitive, in the 1970s, the rivalry was revived, but the teams only met occasionally as they played in different conferences and different NCAA levels. The first meeting was in 1972, which resulted in a 13–13 tie, Kent States 51–14 win in the 1974 game capped a stretch where the Golden Flashes went 11–0–1 against the Zips and tied the overall series. Akron finally recorded their first Wagon Wheel win five years later with a 15–13 win at the Rubber Bowl, the two teams next played in 1981 and again from 1983–1990. 1991 was the last interruption in the rivalry before Akron began MAC competition the following year, since 1992, the game has been played every year. Beginning with the 1997 meeting, the Zips won six in a row and 11 of 13, Kent States only wins in that span came in 2003 with a 41–38 victory at the Rubber Bowl led by Joshua Cribbs, and a 37–15 win at Dix Stadium in 2006. The 2009 game in Akron, the teams first meeting at InfoCision Stadium – Summa Field, resulted in a 28–20 Akron win, since then, Kent State won three in a row through the 2012 game with Akron taking the 2013 meeting
27.
Akron Zips football
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The Akron Zips football team is a college football program representing the University of Akron in the Football Bowl Subdivision of the National Collegiate Athletic Association. Terry Bowden is currently the head coach. Akron plays its games on InfoCision Stadium on the campus of the University of Akron in Akron. The Zips compete in the Mid-American Conference as a member of the East Division, the team was established in 1891 when the school was known as Buchtel College and became the University of Akron in 1913. In 1926, the teams were named the Zippers, after rubber boots manufactured by the B. F. Goodrich Company. The name was shortened to Zips in 1950, Akron was originally classified as a Small College school in the 1937 season until 1972. Akron received Division II classification in 1973, before becoming a Division I-AA program in 1980, the Zips were the first team to move from Division I-AA to Division I-A. In 2005, the Zips won the Mid-American Conference championship for the first time in the programs history, through the 2015 season, the Zips have an overall record of 507–524–36. The University of Akron football team was established in 1891, in their first game, the team, then called Buchtel College, defeated Western Reserve Academy by a score of 22–6 in Hudson, Ohio. Buchtel went on to finish its first season with a 1–3 record, the following year, Buchtel hired Frank Cook as the schools first ever head coach. Cook led Buchtel to a 3–4 record during his season has head coach. In 1893, the college hired John Heisman to become the football and baseball coach, while at Buchtel, Heisman also helped invent the snap, which is still used in modern-day football. The early years for Buchtel saw many coaching changes, as the program went through nine different coaches in the 22-year span, Buchtel College changed its name to the University of Akron in 1913. Coach Fred Sefton served as the football coach of the Zippers for nine seasons, from 1915 to 1923. Seftons teams posted winning records in five of Seftons nine seasons, Sefton resigned as head coach after the 1923 season. James W. Coleman was hired as Akrons head football coach after Seftons resignation and his final record in two seasons with the Zippers is 6–10. George Babcock took over as coach after Colemans departure and led the Zips to a 5–2–2 record before departing to accept the head football coach position at Cincinnati. Red Blair was hired as the next head coach after Babcocks departure
28.
Akron Zips men's basketball
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The Akron Zips mens basketball team represents the University of Akron in Akron, Ohio. The team currently competes in the Mid-American Conference East division, the team first played in the NCAA Tournament in 1986 when Bob Huggins was their coach. The Zips are currently coached by Keith Dambrot, who has coached them since the 2004–05 season, the Zips won their first MAC East division title in 1998. In 2006, the Zips received an invitation to the NIT, in 2007, the team won their second MAC East title and tied the school record for wins in a season in the Division I era with 26. They also made their appearance in the MAC Tournament Championship game. The loss cost them the MACs automatic berth and they were not selected for either the 2007 NCAA Tournament or NIT. The Zips posted a 24–11 record in 2008 which included an appearance in the MAC tournament championship game. In 2008 the Zips officially announced they had signed a partnership to be outfitted by the LeBron James line by Nike. They are now the team with a LJ23/Nike contract. Nike has released several Zips themed versions of LeBrons shoes, some are available to the public, while others are exclusively for the members of the basketball team. The team was established in 1901, when the school was known as Buchtel College, playing their first game against Mount Union College. The team played just four games in the 1901–1902 season, winning their final two against the Western Reserve College medical school, the teams first three seasons were spent without the benefit of a head coach. This changed with the arrival of the first head coach, Earl Williams, the Zips began play in the Ohio Athletic Conference in 1923 where they would compete from 1923–1965 except for 1936–1944 when the University left the OAC and competed as an independent. In the OAC, Akron would win 8 conference titles and five tournament titles, after the 1965–1966 season Akron left the OAC for good and competed as an independent in the NCAAs College Division, which would later be renamed Division II. When the NCAA divided into three divisions in 1973, the Zips would play one season in Division III before moving to Division II, where they would play from 1975–1980. The Zips participated in the NCAA Division II tournament on seven different occasions, coach Laterza’s winning percentage at UA of.751 remains best in the history of the program. Akron would play one season in the OVC and earn a berth in the 1987 National Invitation Tournament before another stint as an independent from 1987–1990. Huggins would lead the Zips to the 1989 NIT before leaving Akron after the season to coach at Cincinnati, Akron would rejoin the Mid-Continent Conference in 1990 and compete for two seasons before officially beginning play in the Mid-American Conference in 1992
29.
Akron Zips women's basketball
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The Akron Zips womens basketball team represents the University of Akron in womens basketball. The school competes in the Mid-American Conference in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association, the Zips play home basketball games at the James A. Rhodes Arena in Akron, Ohio. As of the 2015–16 season, the Zips are 434–713 in 42 years of play and they have won one MAC title, in 2014, which is also their only appearance in the NCAA Tournament. As a 13 seed, they lost to #5 Purdue 84–55 and they have reached the Womens National Invitation Tournament in 1999,2013,2015 along an appearance in the Womens Basketball Invitational in 2010
30.
Akron Zips men's soccer
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The Akron Zips mens soccer team is an intercollegiate varsity sports team of the University of Akron. The team is a member of the Mid-American Conference of the National Collegiate Athletic Association, Akron is regularly ranked in the Top 10 NSCAA Collegiate mens soccer poll. They have been ranked #1 previously in 2005,2009 and 2010, the Zips have played their home games at FirstEnergy Stadium-Cub Cadet Field since 1966, formerly named Lee R. Jackson Soccer Field and Cub Cadet Field. They won their first national championship in 2010, in 1954, an Oberlin College transfer named Stu Parry started the soccer team at Akron. That year, they finished the season two wins and one tie. Parry eventually led the team to nine Ohio College Soccer Association titles as well as six NCAA playoff appearances, in 1986, the mens soccer team gained the most exposure in the NCAA tournament, finishing second to Duke by a score of 1–0. A Duke player, Ken Lolla, took over the program in 1993 and then became Akrons all-time winningest coach and he also led the team to their first #1 ranking, which was also the first ever MAC team in any sport to be ranked #1. The team uses the colors of blue and gold. Lee Jackson Field was dedicated on October 22,1966, along with the soccer venue, the 23-acre complex also includes fields for the schools baseball, softball, and track and field competition areas along with a practice field for the football team. The fields are located towards the southeast corner of the University of Akron campus, the AK-ROWDIES are a student organization which cheer on sports teams in various sports at the university. The ROWDIES were formed as a student organization in 2005. During the soccer games, they can be found behind the goal area, as of March 27,2017 Note, Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. C
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WZIP
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WZIP – branded Z88 – is a non-commercial educational college radio station licensed to Akron, Ohio, serving the Akron metro area. Owned by the University of Akron, the broadcasts a rhythmic contemporary hit radio format. The WZIP studios are located on the University of Akron campus, in addition to a standard analog transmission, WZIP is available online. WZIP first began broadcasting as WAUP on December 16,1962, on weekdays, University of Akron students host music shifts. On weekends, WZIP airs various other programming, including news, sports talk, Query the FCCs FM station database for WZIP Radio-Locator information on WZIP Query Nielsen Audios FM station database for WZIP
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Contributing property
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Government agencies, at the state, national, and local level in the United States, have differing definitions of what constitutes a contributing property but there are common characteristics. Local laws often regulate the changes that can be made to contributing structures within designated historic districts, the first local ordinances dealing with the alteration of buildings within historic districts was in Charleston, South Carolina in 1931. Properties within a district fall into one of two types of property, contributing and non-contributing. A contributing property, such as a 19th Century mansion, helps make a historic district historic, while a non-contributing property, such as a medical clinic. The contributing properties are key to a districts historic associations, historic architectural qualities. A property can change from contributing to non-contributing and vice versa if significant alterations take place, the ordinance declared that buildings in the district could not have changes made to their architectural features visible from the street. By the mid-1930s, other U. S. cities followed Charlestons lead, an amendment to the Louisiana Constitution led to the 1937 creation of the Vieux Carre Commission, which was charged with protecting and preserving the French Quarter in the city of New Orleans. The city then passed an ordinance that set standards regulating changes within the quarter. Other sources, such as the Columbia Law Review in 1963, the Columbia Law Review gave dates of 1925 for the New Orleans laws and 1924 for Charleston. The same publication claimed that two cities were the only cities with historic district zoning until Alexandria, Virginia adopted an ordinance in 1946. The National Park Service appears to refute this, in 1939, the city of San Antonio, Texas, enacted an ordinance that protected the area of La Villita, which was the citys original Mexican village marketplace. In 1941 the authority of local controls on buildings within historic districts was being challenged in court. In City of New Orleans vs Pergament Louisiana state appellate courts ruled that the design, beginning in the mid-1950s, controls that once applied to only historic districts were extended to individual landmark structures. The United States Congress adopted legislation that declared the Georgetown neighborhood in Washington, by 1965,51 American communities had adopted preservation ordinances. By 1998, more than 2,300 U. S. towns, contributing properties are defined through historic district or historic preservation zoning laws, usually at the local level. Zoning ordinances pertaining to historic districts are designed to maintain a historic character by controlling demolition and alteration to existing properties. It can be any property, structure or object that adds to the integrity or architectural qualities that make the historic district, either local or federal. Definitions vary but, in general, they maintain the same characteristics, another key aspect of a contributing property is historic integrity
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Historic districts in the United States
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Buildings, structures, objects and sites within a historic district are normally divided into two categories, contributing and non-contributing. Districts greatly vary in size, some have hundreds of structures, the U. S. federal government designates historic districts through the United States Department of Interior under the auspices of the National Park Service. Federally designated historic districts are listed on the National Register of Historic Places, state-level historic districts may follow similar criteria or may require adherence to certain historic rehabilitation standards. Local historic district designation offers, by far, the most legal protection for historic properties because most land use decisions are made at the local level, local districts are generally administered by the county or municipal government. The first U. S. historic district was established in Charleston, South Carolina in 1931, Charleston city government designated an Old and Historic District by local ordinance and created a board of architectural review to oversee it. New Orleans followed in 1937, establishing the Vieux Carré Commission, other localities picked up on the concept, with the city of Philadelphia enacting its historic preservation ordinance in 1955. The Supreme Court case validated the protection of resources as an entirely permissible governmental goal. In 1966 the federal government created the National Register of Historic Places, conference of Mayors had stated Americans suffered from rootlessness. By the 1980s there were thousands of federally designated historic districts, Historic districts are generally two types of properties, contributing and non-contributing. In general, contributing properties are integral parts of the historic context, in addition to the two types of classification within historic districts, properties listed on the National Register of Historic Places are classified into five broad categories. They are, building, structure, site, district and object, all but the eponymous district category are also applied to historic districts listed on the National Register. A listing on the National Register of Historic Places is governmental acknowledgment of a historic district, however, the Register is an honorary status with some federal financial incentives. The National Register of Historic Places defines a historic district per U. S. federal law, a district may also comprise individual elements separated geographically but linked by association or history. Districts established under U. S. federal guidelines generally begin the process of designation through a nomination to the National Register of Historic Places, the National Register is the official recognition by the U. S. government of cultural resources worthy of preservation. While designation through the National Register does offer a district or property some protections, if the federal government is not involved, then the listing on the National Register provides the site, property or district no protections. If, however, company A was under federal contract the Smith House would be protected, a federal designation is little more than recognition by the government that the resource is worthy of preservation. Usually, the National Register does not list religious structures, moved structures, reconstructed structures, however, if a property falls into one of those categories and are integral parts of districts that do meet the criteria then an exception allowing their listing will be made. Historic district listings, like all National Register nominations, can be rejected on the basis of owner disapproval, in the case of historic districts, a majority of owners must object in order to nullify a nomination to the National Register of Historic Places
