1.
Italy
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Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a unitary parliamentary republic in Europe. Located in the heart of the Mediterranean Sea, Italy shares open land borders with France, Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia, San Marino, Italy covers an area of 301,338 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate and Mediterranean climate. Due to its shape, it is referred to in Italy as lo Stivale. With 61 million inhabitants, it is the fourth most populous EU member state, the Italic tribe known as the Latins formed the Roman Kingdom, which eventually became a republic that conquered and assimilated other nearby civilisations. The legacy of the Roman Empire is widespread and can be observed in the distribution of civilian law, republican governments, Christianity. The Renaissance began in Italy and spread to the rest of Europe, bringing a renewed interest in humanism, science, exploration, Italian culture flourished at this time, producing famous scholars, artists and polymaths such as Leonardo da Vinci, Galileo, Michelangelo and Machiavelli. The weakened sovereigns soon fell victim to conquest by European powers such as France, Spain and Austria. Despite being one of the victors in World War I, Italy entered a period of economic crisis and social turmoil. The subsequent participation in World War II on the Axis side ended in defeat, economic destruction. Today, Italy has the third largest economy in the Eurozone and it has a very high level of human development and is ranked sixth in the world for life expectancy. The country plays a prominent role in regional and global economic, military, cultural and diplomatic affairs, as a reflection of its cultural wealth, Italy is home to 51 World Heritage Sites, the most in the world, and is the fifth most visited country. The assumptions on the etymology of the name Italia are very numerous, according to one of the more common explanations, the term Italia, from Latin, Italia, was borrowed through Greek from the Oscan Víteliú, meaning land of young cattle. The bull was a symbol of the southern Italic tribes and was often depicted goring the Roman wolf as a defiant symbol of free Italy during the Social War. Greek historian Dionysius of Halicarnassus states this account together with the legend that Italy was named after Italus, mentioned also by Aristotle and Thucydides. The name Italia originally applied only to a part of what is now Southern Italy – according to Antiochus of Syracuse, but by his time Oenotria and Italy had become synonymous, and the name also applied to most of Lucania as well. The Greeks gradually came to apply the name Italia to a larger region, excavations throughout Italy revealed a Neanderthal presence dating back to the Palaeolithic period, some 200,000 years ago, modern Humans arrived about 40,000 years ago. Other ancient Italian peoples of undetermined language families but of possible origins include the Rhaetian people and Cammuni. Also the Phoenicians established colonies on the coasts of Sardinia and Sicily, the Roman legacy has deeply influenced the Western civilisation, shaping most of the modern world
2.
Lombardy
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Lombardy is one of the twenty administrative regions of Italy, in the northwest of the country, with an area of 23,844 square kilometres. Milan, Lombardys capital, is the second-largest city and the largest metropolitan area in Italy, the word Lombardy comes from Lombard, which in turn is derived from Late Latin Longobardus, Langobardus, derived from the Proto-Germanic elements *langaz + *bardaz, equivalent to long beard. Some sources derive the second element instead from Proto-Germanic *bardǭ, *barduz, Lombardy referred during the early Middle Ages to the entire territory of Italy ruled by the Lombards, a Germanic tribe who conquered much of the Italian peninsula beginning in the 6th century. During the late Middle Ages, the term shifted meaning and was used to identify the whole of Northern Italy, with a surface of 23,861 km2, Lombardy is the 4th largest region of Italy. It is bordered by Switzerland and by the Italian regions of Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol and Veneto, Emilia-Romagna, three distinct natural zones can be fairly easily distinguished in the Lombardy region, mountains, hills and plains – the latter being divided in Alta and Bassa. Inconsistent with the three distinctions above made is the subregion of Oltrepò Pavese, formed by the Apennine foothills beyond the Po River. The mighty Po river marks the border of the region for a length of about 210 km. In its progress it receives the waters of the Ticino River, the other streams which contribute to the great river are, the Olona, the Lambro, the Adda, the Oglio and the Mincio. The numerous lakes of Lombardy, all of glacial origin, lie in the northern highlands, from west to east these are Lake Maggiore, Lake Lugano, Lake Como, Lake Iseo, Lake Idro, then Lake Garda, the largest in Italy. A minor mountainous area, the Oltrepò Pavese, lies south of the Po, in the plains, intensively cultivated for centuries, little of the original environment remains. The most commons trees are elm, alder, sycamore, poplar, willow, in the area of the foothills lakes, however, grow olive trees, cypresses and larches, as well as varieties of subtropical flora such as magnolias, azaleas, acacias. Numerous species of flora in the Prealpine area include some kinds of saxifrage, the Lombard garlic, groundsels bellflowers. The highlands are characterized by the vegetation of the whole range of the Italian Alps. At a lower levels oak woods or broadleafed trees grow, on the slopes beech trees grow at the lowest limits. Shrubs such as rhododendron, dwarf pine and juniper are native to the summital zone, Lombardy has a wide array of climates, due to local variances in elevation, proximity to inland water basins, and large metropolitan areas. In addition, there is a seasonal temperature variation. A peculiarity of the climate is the thick fog that covers the plains between October and February. In the Alpine foothills, characterised by an Oceanic climate, numerous lakes exercise a mitigating influence, in the hills and mountains, the climate is humid continental
3.
Zone 9 of Milan
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The Zone 9 of Milan is one of the 9 administrative zones of Milan, Italy. It corresponds to the area of the city. It was created on 5 March 1999 by the union of the previous Zones 2,7,8 and 9. The borough includes the quarters, Affori, a rural settlement referenced as early as 915 which was annexed to Milan in 1923, Bicocca. In the 19th century, the area of Bicocca was affected by a quick industrialization process, the first facilities to be established in Bicocca were those of Pirelli, Ansaldobreda, and Wagons-Lits. In the nearby area of Sesto, the Falck steel mill was also a prominent factory, Pirelli maintained a leading role in the area. A historic neighbourhood of Bicocca, Borgo Pirelli, was developed as a residential area for the thousands of workers that were employed in the Pirelli factories. Deindustrialization of the Bicocca district began in the 1970s, in 1985, Pirelli started a project to redevelop the area. The resulting Progetto Bicocca, which affected an area of 960.000 m2, was the largest urban project in the history of Italy. Other main buildings realized by the project were a seat of the CNR and the Istituto Neurologico Besta, after a period of decay, a process of renewal followed, which transformed the Bovisa into a mainly residential suburb. The district is now experiencing an upturn, thanks to the activities which relocated in the zone. Among them, the Politecnico di Milano, with its Bovisa campus, the campus features the schools of Design, Architecture and Industrial Engineering. The area has gained notoriety as a design and art melting pot. A relevant part of the effort focused on the realization of adequate infrastructures supporting heavy daily commute. It is an area located within Zone 9 of the city, la Fontana, Montalbino, Niguarda, Porta Garibaldi, Porta Nuova, Prato Centenaro, Segnano. For several years thereafter, the Centro Direzionale remained an heterogeneous, some skyscrapers were built but other areas remained undeveloped and fell in decay. A major example of the inconsistent use of areas in the district was the establishment of the Varesine Luna Park amidst a supposedly office. After a long period of decay, the Porta Nuova district is now undergoing a massive renewal
4.
Milan Central railway station
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Milano Centrale is the main railway station of the city of Milan, Italy and one of the main railway stations in Europe. The station is a terminus and located at the end of central Milan. Milano Centrale has high speed connections to Turin in the west, Venice via Verona in the east and on the mainline to Bologna, Rome, Naples. The Simplon and Gotthard railway lines connect Milano Centrale to Bern via Domodossola, destinations of inter-city and regional railways radiate from Milano Centrale to Ventimiglia, Genova, Turin, Domodossola, Tirano, Bergamo, Verona, Mantova, Bologna and La Spezia. The Milan suburban railway service, however, does not use Milano Centrale but the other stations, Porta Garibaldi, Cadorna. The first Milano Centrale station opened in 1864 in the now occupied by the Piazza della Repubblica. It was designed by French architect Louis-Jules Bouchot and its style was reminiscent of Parisian buildings of that period. The station was designed to replace Porta Tosa station and Porta Nuova station and was interconnected with all lines, either existing or under construction and it remained in operation until 30 June 1931, when the current station was opened. There is now no trace of the old station left, king Victor Emmanuel III of Italy laid the cornerstone of the new station on April 28,1906, before a blueprint for the station had even been chosen. This happened especially when Benito Mussolini became Prime Minister, and wanted the station to represent the power of the Fascist regime. The major changes were the new types and the introduction of the great steel canopies by Alberto Fava,341 m long and covering an area of 66,500 square metres. Construction resumed in earnest in 1925 and on July 1,1931 and its façade is 200 metres wide and its vault is 72 metres high, a record when it was built. Each day about 330,000 passengers use the station, totaling about 120 million per year, the station has no definite architectural style, but is a blend of many different styles, especially Liberty and Art Deco, but not limited to those. It is adorned with numerous sculptures, “The ‘incongruous envelope of stone’ of this gigantic and monumental building dominates Piazza Duca d’Aosta. ”On September 25,2006, officials announced a €100 million project, already in progress, to refurbish the station. The project includes moving the office and installing new elevators and escalators for increased accessibility. Every day about 320,000 passengers pass through the station using about 500 trains, the station is served by national and international routes, with both long-distance and regional lines. Daily international destinations include Bern, Lugano, Geneva, Zürich, Paris, Vienna, Barcelona, the station is also connected to Milan-Malpensa Airport through the Malpensa Express airport train. There is no service of Milan Suburbano at the Centrale station
5.
Milan suburban railway service
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The Milan suburban railway service is a commuter rail system serving the metropolitan area of Milan, Italy. The system comprises 12 lines serving 125 stations, for a length of 403 km. There are 415 trains per day with a ridership of about 165,000. The core of the system is the Passante, a railway running through the city approximately from the north-west to the south-east. Several lines share this track, making the service in the city centre comparable to a metro line, the service timetable is based on a clock-face scheduling. Although operated by different companies, the Metro and the rail service have integrated tickets. Lines in darker background run through the Milan Passante railway, lines which share same tracks for the majority of the route are generally identified by similar colors. The line number S10, formerly used for a part of what is now line S13, has been unused since 2011 to avoid confusion with line S10 of the Canton Ticino commuter rail. Trains run every 30 minutes in each line, generally from 6 am to 9 pm or midnight depending on the line, an integrated ticket is used inside the Milan urban area for bus, tram and metro lines, as well as the suburban railway. The urban single journey ticket costs €1.50, other tickets are available, including 24h and 48h tickets and night ticket. Regional train fares apply outside the urban limit, between 2004 and 2007 ATM introduced Itinero smartcard, a proximity card which can be charged with season tickets, replacing paper for this type of tickets in the Milan area. At the beginning of 2010, a new smartcard, RicaricaMi, was introduced, the new card can be charged up with credit and can be used for travel in place of magnetic paper tickets, on the model of Londons Oyster card. These cards are valid on the suburban railway lines. The suburban railways can be accessed also with the regional integrated ticket Io viaggio ovunque in Lombardia, several train classes are operated on the network. TAF class trains were introduced since the end of the 1990s, Trenord is now introducing new Treno Servizio Regionale class trains to replace older rolling stock. On the S9, S11 and S8 are the Vivalto train and the double decker train Full service started on 12 December 2004 with the completion of the Passante, however, a shuttle service was running since 1997 in the partially completed track. Line S4 was extended from Seveso to Camnago on 19 February 2006, the new Romolo station on line S9 was opened 3 months later. Lines S1, S2, S6 and S10 were extended from Porta Vittoria to the new station of Rogoredo on 15 June 2008, two new stations, Pregnana Milanese and Rho Fiera Milano were opened in 2009
6.
Varese
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Varese is a city and comune in north-western Lombardy, northern Italy,55 kilometres north of Milan. It is the capital of the Province of Varese, the hinterland or urban part of the city is called Varesotto. The city of Varese lies at the feet of Sacro Monte di Varese, part of the Campo dei Fiori mountain range, that hosts an astronomical observatory, as well as the Prealpino Geophysical Centre. The village which is in the middle of the mountain is called Santa Maria del Monte because of the medieval sanctuary, which is reached through the avenue of the chapels of the Sacred Mountain. Varese is situated on seven hills, the San Pedrino Hill, the Giubiano Hill, the Campigli Hill, the SantAlbino Hill, the Biumo Superiore Hill, Colle di Montalbano, the city also looks over Lake Varese. Vareses winters are less mitigated by the proximity of the Lago Maggiore, low temperatures in the late autumn and winter frequently go down a few degrees below zero. This differentiates it from south of the city. As in other cities in the foothills of Lombardy, fog is an infrequent phenomenon, Varese is on average cooler than other cities of the Lombard Prealps, especially in winter. The rainfall of Varese is among the highest in Italy, with more than 1,500 millimetres of annual average, in winter, snow falls quite frequently, especially in January. Varese, like the province, has a high immigrant population owing to both its economy and its location. In 1859, Giuseppe Garibaldi confronted Austrian forces led by Field Marshal-Lieutenant Carl Baron Urban near Varese, also, it was here where Alessandro Marchettis Savoia-Marchetti SM.93 made his first test flights. In particular, the movements are incoming and internally to Varese. In the average weekday over 113,000 vehicles enter in Varese, the most used form of transportation in Varese is the private vehicle, followed by the local public transport. The A8 motorway connects Varese with Milan and this motorway was part of the first toll road system in the world. The city has also a Ring Road System, Vareses Ring Road, consists of a road currently in operation, many important statal and provincial roads pass through Varese. The entire rail network serving the capital is electrified, in addition, there is a project under way to connect Varese with Malpensa Airport, this line would then continue past Varese to Mendrisio and Lugano in Switzerland. International bus services are operated by Swiss Post Bus of the line 523 that link Varese to Lugano, in Varese there is also a funicular service on the line Vellone-Sacro Monte. The city is home to the Sacro Monte di Varese, a place of pilgrimage and it is one of the Sacri Monti of Piedmont and Lombardy, included on the UNESCO World Heritage list
7.
Novara
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Novara listen is the capital city of the province of Novara in the Piedmont region in northwest Italy, to the west of Milan. With about 105,000 inhabitants, it is the second most populous city in Piedmont after Turin and it is an important crossroads for commercial traffic along the routes from Milan to Turin and from Genoa to Switzerland. Novara lies between the rivers Agogna and Terdoppio in northeastern Piedmont,50 kilometres from Milan and 95 kilometres from Turin, Novara was founded in ancient times by the Romans. Its name is formed from Nov, meaning new, and Aria, ancient Novaria, which dates to the time of the Ligures and the Celts, was a municipium and was situated on the road from Vercellae to Milan. Its position on perpendicular roads dates to the time of the Romans, after the city was destroyed in 386 by Magnus Maximus for having supported his rival Valentinian II, it was rebuilt by Theodosius I. Subsequently, it was sacked by Radagaisus and Attila, under the Lombards, Novara became a duchy, under Charles the Fat, a countship. Novara came to enjoy the rights of an imperial city. In 1110, it was conquered by Henry V and destroyed, at the end of the 12th century, it accepted the protection of Milan and became practically a dominion of the Visconti and later of the Sforza. In the Battle of Novara in 1513, Swiss mercenaries defending Novara for the Sforzas of Milan routed the French troops besieging the city and this defeat ended the French invasion of Italy in the War of the League of Cambrai. In 1706, Novara, which had long ago been promised by Filippo Maria Visconti to Amadeus VIII of Savoy, was occupied by Savoyard troops, with the Peace of Utrecht, the city, together with Milan, became part of the Habsburg Empire. After its occupation in 1734, Novara passed, in the following year, after Napoleons campaign in Italy, Novara became the capital of the Department of the Agogna, but was then reassigned to the House of Savoy in 1814. In 1821, it was the site of a battle in which regular Sardinian troops defeated the Piedmontese constitutional liberals, in the even larger Battle of Novara in 1849, the Sardinian army was defeated by the Austrian army of Field Marshal Joseph Radetzky von Radetz. This defeat led to the abdication of Charles Albert of Sardinia, the defeat of the Sardinians can be seen as the beginning of the Italian unification movement. A decree in 1859 created the province of Novara, which included the present-day provinces of Vercelli, Biella. The city of Novara had a population of 25,144 in 1861, industrialisation during the 20th century brought an increase in the citys population to 102,088 in 1981. The citys population has changed little in subsequent years, oscar Luigi Scalfaro, former president of Italy and Italian senator for life, was born in Novara in 1918. Novaras sights can be divided into two groupings, the citys most important sights lie within its historic centre, the area once enclosed by the city walls. However, several important sights also lie outside the line of the city walls
8.
Azienda Trasporti Milanesi
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Azienda Trasporti Milanesi is a public company, responsible for public transportation in Milan city and some surrounding municipalities, in Italy. ATM offers also other minor services mainly related to transportation around the city, public transport in Milan started on August 17,1840, with the opening of the Milan-Monza railway. Horse-drawn buses were introduced in 1841, services were run by the Società Anonima degli Omnibus, Omnibus Anonymous Company. The company was responsible for 11 bus lines between 1861 and 1865, few years later the first horse-drawn trams were introduced,3 lines were opened in 1881 followed in 1893 by the first electric tramway, built by Edison company. Two years later the company opened 18 more lines, all ruled by municipality offices. Edisons concession on new lines expired in 1917, leaving all the operations to the municipality, few years later the public offices responsible for public transport operations were made independent, becoming the Azienda Tranviaria Municipale in 1931. In the meantime, the first petrol powered bus lines were introduced in 1905, operated by SITA, after World War II resources were focused on bus lines and, since the mid-1950s, on the new metro. Milan Metro construction began in 1957 and in 1964 the first line was opened, five years later the Line 2 was inaugurated. On 1 January 1965, ATM changed its name to Azienda Trasporti Municipali, in these years a new generation of longer tram were introduced. In the 1960s Italy and Milan saw an increase in car owners. Several new stations of the two lines are opened in the following years. The new Line 3 was inaugurated in 1990, tram line 15 to Rozzano was the first to go beyond the city border in 1992. ATM changed its name again in 1999 to adopt the current one, Azienda Trasporti Milanesi, in these years, the first on-demand service, the Radiobus, was introduced to operate during the night. The first fast tram line was introduced on 7 December 2002 and this was followed by other 2 on 8 December 2003, Line 4 on the north and Line 15 on the south. New magnetic tickets and electronic pass cards were introduced in 2004, the complete upgrade process took 3 years. The system has a ridership of over 1 million and is the biggest in Italy. ATM also manages the Copenhagen Metro, the urban tram network comprises 16 lines fully within the city limits, plus 2 lines linking the city centre with the hinterland, plus 1 interurban line. The trolleybus network consists of 4 lines, lines 90 and 91 run around the city, ATM operates 68 urban bus lines and 51 interurban bus lines
9.
Carrefour
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Carrefour S. A. is a French multinational retailer headquartered in Boulogne Billancourt, France, in the Hauts-de-Seine Department near Paris. It is one of the largest hypermarket chains in the world, Carrefour operates in more than 30 countries, in Europe, the Americas, Asia and Africa. Carrefour means crossroads and public square in French, the company is a component of the Euro Stoxx 50 stock market index. The first Carrefour store opened on in 1960, within suburban Annecy near a crossroads, the Carrefour group was the first in Europe to open a hypermarket, a large supermarket and a department store under the same roof. They opened their first hypermarket on 15 June 1963 in Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois, in April 1976, Carrefour launched a private label Produits libres line of fifty foodstuffs, including oil, biscuits, milk, and pasta, sold in unbranded white packages at substantially lower prices. In 1999 it merged with Promodès, known as Continent, one of its competitors in the French market. In September 2009, Carrefour updated its logo, in April 2015, Brazilian businessman Abílio Diniz revealed he was in talks to raise his 5.07 percent stake in Carrefour and has the support of shareholders to take a board seat. The head office of the Groupe Carrefour is in Boulogne Billancourt in the Paris metropolitan area, Carrefour leased space in the 9,257 square metres Gecina building at 36 avenue Émile Zola effective 1 December 2010. The complex has 208 parking spaces and has an aluminium facade, E. Naud and L. Poulx designed the building. The chains Carrefour Hypermarket division has its office in Courcouronnes, Essonne, France. Armenia Carrefour opened its first hypermarket in Armenia at Yerevan Mall on 11 March 2015, Bahrain Carrefour has also opened a franchise owned branch in the Bahrain City Centre in 2008. It was the leading retailer in terms of sales figures. A selection of Carrefour products are sold in Hong Kong via Wellcome, Kazakhstan Carrefour opened its first hypermarket in Almaty on February 11,2016. So far it is the one in Kazakhstan. India Carrefour operates cash and carry stores in India under the name Carrefour Wholesale Cash&Carry, the first store opened on 30 December 2010 in Shahdara, Delhi. This was followed by a store in Jaipur in late 2011 and one in Meerut in October 2012, prior to September 2012, Indias foreign direct investment policy did not allow foreign companies to open multi-brand retail stores in the country. However, 100% FDI in cash-and-carry has been permitted since 1997, as a result, most global retailers, including Carrefour, opted for the cash-and-carry route in India. A new FDI policy, allowing up to 51% FDI in multi-brand retail, on 8 July 2014, Carrefour announced that it will shut down its Indian operations and close its five wholesale stores by the end of September
10.
Apollo 11
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Apollo 11 was the spaceflight that landed the first two humans on the Moon. Mission commander Neil Armstrong and pilot Buzz Aldrin, both American, landed the lunar module Eagle on July 20,1969, at 20,18 UTC. Armstrong became the first to step onto the lunar surface six hours later on July 21 at 02,56,15 UTC and they spent about two and a quarter hours together outside the spacecraft, and collected 47.5 pounds of lunar material to bring back to Earth. Michael Collins piloted the command module Columbia alone in lunar orbit while they were on the Moons surface, Armstrong and Aldrin spent just under a day on the lunar surface before rendezvousing with Columbia in lunar orbit. Apollo 11 was launched by a Saturn V rocket from Kennedy Space Center in Merritt Island, Florida, on July 16, and was the fifth manned mission of NASAs Apollo program. After being sent toward the Moon by the Saturn Vs upper stage, Armstrong and Aldrin then moved into the lunar module Eagle and landed in the Sea of Tranquility. They stayed a total of about 21.5 hours on the lunar surface, the astronauts used Eagles upper stage to lift off from the lunar surface and rejoin Collins in the command module. They jettisoned Eagle before they performed the maneuvers that blasted them out of orbit on a trajectory back to Earth. They returned to Earth and landed in the Pacific Ocean on July 24, broadcast on live TV to a worldwide audience, Armstrong stepped onto the lunar surface and described the event as one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind. Apollo 11 was the second all-veteran multi-person crew in human spaceflight history, a previous solo veteran flight had been made on Soyuz 1 in 1967 by Soviet cosmonaut Vladimir Komarov. Collins was originally slated to be the Command Module Pilot on Apollo 8 but was removed when he required surgery on his back and was replaced by Jim Lovell, his backup for that flight. In early 1969, Anders accepted a job with the National Space Council effective August 1969, charlie Duke, Capsule Communicator Ronald Evans Owen K. Garriott Don L. Low to suggest the Apollo 11 crew be less flippant in naming their craft. During early mission planning, the names Snowcone and Haystack were used and put in the news release, the Command Module was named Columbia after the Columbiad, the giant cannon shell spacecraft fired by a giant cannon in Jules Vernes 1865 novel From the Earth to the Moon. The Lunar Module was named Eagle for the bird of the United States, the bald eagle. The Apollo 11 mission insignia was designed by Collins, who wanted a symbol for peaceful lunar landing by the United States and he chose an eagle as the symbol, put an olive branch in its beak, and drew a lunar background with the Earth in the distance. NASA officials said the talons of the eagle looked too warlike and after some discussion, All colors are natural, with blue and gold borders around the patch. When the Eisenhower dollar coin was released in 1971, the design provided the eagle for its reverse side. The design was used for the smaller Susan B
11.
Lacuna Coil
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Lacuna Coil is an Italian metal band from Milan. Since their formation in 1994, the group has had two changes, being previously known as Sleep of Right and Ethereal. Much of the bands recent material, however, sees a heavier and more down-tuned style, featuring a more distinct bass line, the bands 2012 release, Dark Adrenaline, peaked at number 15 on the Billboard 200. They have toured internationally and were nominated for a MTV Music Award, vocalist Andrea Ferro and bassist/composer Marco Coti Zelati formed Sleep of Right in Milan, Italy,1994, and recruited Raffaele Zagaria on guitars, and Michaelangelo Algardi on the drums. The band asked Cristina Scabbia, a friend, to sing background vocals briefly, soon after, the band changed their name to Ethereal, and signed to Century Media at the end of 1997. Finding that the name Ethereal was already taken by a Greek band, they changed their name to Lacuna Coil, Lacuna Coil released a self-titled EP through Century Media in 1998, shortly after Raffael Zagaria, Claudio Leo, and Leonardo Forti departed. As a result, guitarist Cristiano Migliore and drummer Cristiano Mozzati were recruited officially, at this point, the band was touring with Moonspell after the release of the Lacuna Coil EP. Following a second European tour, the recorded their debut full-length album In a Reverie. The band supported the album with another European tour, co-headlining with Skyclad, allmusic rated the album 4 stars, saying it was a fine debut by a band that bears watching. The band toured mostly around Europe, generally as a support-act, following their debut, In a Reverie, the EP Half-Life was released in 2000 with five songs, Half Life, Hyperfast, Stars, Trance Awake, and a demo version of Senzafine. The final version of the latter was included in the 2001 album Unleashed Memories, while the studio album contained ten songs, later re-releases included the Halflife EP. The bands breakthrough album Comalies was released in 2002, a significant player on Europes metal scene for nearly a decade at this point, the band was virtually unknown in the United States until it began touring there. They kicked off their first US tour in 2003, supported by Dog Fashion Disco, networks such as Fuse played the songs video, for example. In early 2005, Heavens a Lie won in The 4th Annual Independent Music Awards for Best Hard Rock/Metal Song, the beginning of this song was also used as the introduction music for the audio podcast novel The Rookie by Scott Sigler. The second single, Swamped, was played in rotation and used in the video game Vampire. It also appeared on the soundtrack for the movie Resident Evil, videos were filmed for both songs and broadcast on MTV2s Headbangers Ball, which also saw the band perform an acoustic rendition of Heavens a Lie live. By 2004, Comalies had become the best-selling CD in Century Medias history, the band appeared at Ozzfest in between headlining club tours in the United States and Europe. A bonus, extended version of Comalies was released both in stores and on iTunes and this version consisted of both live and acoustic versions of the songs Heavens a Lie, Swamped, Unspoken, Aeon, and Senzafine from Unleashed Memories
12.
Milan
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Milan is a city in Italy, capital of the Lombardy region, and the most populous metropolitan area and the second most populous comune in Italy. The population of the city proper is 1,351,000, Milan has a population of about 8,500,000 people. It is the industrial and financial centre of Italy and one of global significance. In terms of GDP, it has the largest economy among European non-capital cities, Milan is considered part of the Blue Banana and lies at the heart of one of the Four Motors for Europe. Milan is an Alpha leading global city, with strengths in the arts, commerce, design, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, services, research, and tourism. Its business district hosts Italys Stock Exchange and the headquarters of the largest national and international banks, the city is a major world fashion and design capital, well known for several international events and fairs, including Milan Fashion Week and the Milan Furniture Fair. The city hosts numerous cultural institutions, academies and universities, with 11% of the national total enrolled students, Milans museums, theatres and landmarks attract over 9 million visitors annually. Milan – after Naples – is the second Italian city with the highest number of accredited stars from the Michelin Guide, the city hosted the Universal Exposition in 1906 and 2015. Milan is home to two of Europes major football teams, A. C. Milan and F. C. Internazionale, the etymology of Milan is uncertain. One theory holds that the Latin name Mediolanum comes from the Latin words medio, however, some scholars believe lanum comes from the Celtic root lan, meaning an enclosure or demarcated territory in which Celtic communities used to build shrines. Hence, Mediolanum could signify the central town or sanctuary of a Celtic tribe, indeed, the name Mediolanum is borne by about sixty Gallo-Roman sites in France, e. g. Saintes and Évreux. Alciato credits Ambrose for his account, around 400 BC, the Celtic Insubres settled Milan and the surrounding region. In 222 BC, the Romans conquered the settlement, renaming it Mediolanum, Milan was eventually declared the capital of the Western Roman Empire by Emperor Diocletian in 286 AD. Diocletian chose to stay in the Eastern Roman Empire and his colleague Maximianus ruled the Western one, immediately Maximian built several monuments, such as a large circus 470 m ×85 m, the Thermae Herculeae, a large complex of imperial palaces and several other buildings. With the Edict of Milan of 313, Emperor Constantine I guaranteed freedom of religion for Christians, after the city was besieged by the Visigoths in 402, the imperial residence was moved to Ravenna. In 452, the Huns overran the city, in 539, the Ostrogoths conquered and destroyed Milan during the Gothic War against Byzantine Emperor Justinian I. In the summer of 569, a Teutonic tribe, the Lombards, conquered Milan, some Roman structures remained in use in Milan under Lombard rule. Milan surrendered to the Franks in 774 when Charlemagne took the title of King of the Lombards, the Iron Crown of Lombardy dates from this period
Italy
Line 1 provides quick access to areas of the urban route of Milan Passante railway. The places reachable are those which along the stretch for Saronno to north and those for Lodi to south
Line 3 get quickly to the city center in Piazzale Cadorna or externally to Saronno.
Line 5 with the direction of Milan Passante railway stations to Milan and Treviglio and Varese on the other side
Line 6 with the direction of Milan Passante railway stations to Milan and Pioltello and Novara on the other side
