1.
Mount Morgan, Queensland
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Mount Morgan is a town and locality in Rockhampton Region, Queensland, Australia. The town was the centre of the Mount Morgan Shire until March 2008. In the 2011 census, Mount Morgan had a population of 2,115 people, the town of Mount Morgan is situated on the Dee River,38 kilometres south of the city of Rockhampton, and is 680 kilometres north of the state capital, Brisbane. The Burnett Highway passes through the town, Mount Morgans highest point of 341 meters is located at approximately 23°37′S 150°23. 95′E, approximately 600 meters east of the centre of the Baree township. Mount Morgan was founded as a mining town in 1882. Among those making a fortune from this mine was William Knox DArcy, DArcy used his fortune to finance oil exploration in Iran, which led to the formation of the Anglo-Persian Oil Company. Mount Morgan Post Office opened on 18 May 1885, the word Central was added to the name of these two schools from 1911. They were amalgamated back into one school in 1929, with the growth of the town during the boom years other state schools opened and operated, some for many years in close proximity. These included the Red Hill State School, Walterhall State School, Mount Morgan State High School was the first school of its kind to open in Queensland in 1912. The town of Mount Morgan grew in a haphazard fashion around the entrance to the mining lease near the Dee River from the early 1880s, by 1889 a number of the major religions had established congregations and erected churches including the Primitive Methodists, the Catholics and the Anglicans. That year the name was formally changed from South Calliungal to Mount Morgan. The railway link between Mount Morgan and Rockhampton was not built until 1898, until that time, everything was transported by horse teams. The Mount Morgan Mining Company had a depot in Quay Street, initially there were two routes to Rockhampton, one via Crocodile and the other via Kabra, Boongarry and Moonmera. In 1885, a road was built over the Razorback Range, the Mount Morgan Mine finally closed in 1981, having produced vast quantities of gold during its lifetime. During the mining operation, most of the mountain was mined away, Mining companies still prospect today in the area, and plans to extract further gold from tailings at the mine site are always under development. The Queensland Government, through its Department of Natural Resources Mines, at the 2006 census, Mount Morgan had a population of 2,447. Prior to white settlement of the area, the area was part of the Kangulu peoples traditional lands, a number of historic buildings still exist in the town, and tourists can take excursions to the remains of the mine. The area was host to one of the few railways to operate in Australia
2.
Rockhampton Region
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Rockhampton, the Region’s major city is often referred to as the Beef Capital of Australia which offers a broad mix of lifestyle and business opportunities. The Rockhampton Region is attracting significant growth with the increase in CBD, Rockhampton Zoo, Located within the Rockhampton Botanic Gardens and adjacent to the Murray lagoon. It is home to over fifty species of animals from across Australia. Rockhampton Art Gallery, Home to one of the best regional art collections in Australia, the Gallery is administered by Rockhampton Regional Council and its mission is to deliver an enriching, authentic experience of Australian and international art and cultures. Heritage Village, Representing the colourful history of the Rockhampton district in 1850-1950, vintage vehicles, a hall of clocks, timber cutters camp, a blacksmith shop, homesteads and cottages, vintage machinery and friendly farm animals are on display. The Heritage Village Market Days are a popular attraction held every two months where a variety of stalls sell local produce, arts and crafts and plants, the Heritage Village features an Australian Shearing Shed with modern facilities and is a popular reception and conference venue in Rockhampton. Archer Park Rail Museum, Located in Denison Street, between Archer and Cambridge Streets, the Archer Park Rail Museum was built in 1899 and is owned by the Rockhampton Regional Council, the museum features a digital Soundscape system which covers tells the history of rail-based transportation in Rockhampton. The tram is believed to be the one of its kind in the world. The history is retold through audio-visual displays and three dimensional presentations, Walter Reid Cultural Centre, Purchased by the Rockhampton Regional Council in the 1970s the Walter Reid Cultural Centre is home to Rockhampton’s premier community arts and leisure centre. The heritage listed building is located on Quay Street, Rockhampton Botanic Gardens, Regarded among the best in regional Australia and spans ninety-six acres of grazing land on the Western slopes of the Athelstane Range. The beautifully manicured gardens include excellent specimens of palms, cycads, the gardens include a Japanese Garden, Hugo Lassen Fernery, Cenotaph, the Murray lagoon and a Gardens Tearoom. Rockhampton’s Kershaw Gardens, Officially opened in September 1988 as part of a project celebrating the Australian Bicentenary, the gardens represent a natural Australian bush environment and stretches for one kilometer along the Bruce highway, providing a peaceful setting within the heart of Rockhampton. Rockhampton Kershaw Gardens includes a Scented Garden, playground and picnic facilities, Rainforest, Waterfall, Slab Hut, Kershaw Gardens was previously a rubbish dump. In February 2015 the park was damaged by Cyclone Marcia. Fallen trees exposed rubbish that had been previously buried, as at July 2015, the park remains closed to the public until the damage is repaired. Mount Archer National Park, Renowned as Rockhamptons scenic backdrop with a height of six hundred, the park covers 4250 hectares of open forest and woodland communities dominated by eucalypts with a large pocket of dry rainforest in the deeply incised Moores Creek Valley. The park protects a range of plants and animals, including plant species with restricted distributions, established in 2008, it was preceded by four previous local government areas extending to almost the beginning of local government in Queensland. On 1 January 2014, one of local government areas
3.
Queensland
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Queensland is the second-largest and third-most-populous state in the Commonwealth of Australia. Situated in the north-east of the country, it is bordered by the Northern Territory, South Australia and New South Wales to the west, south-west, to the east, Queensland is bordered by the Coral Sea and Pacific Ocean. Queensland has a population of 4,750,500, concentrated along the coast, the state is the worlds sixth largest sub-national entity, with an area of 1,852,642 km2. The capital and largest city in the state is Brisbane, Australias third largest city, often referred to as the Sunshine State, Queensland is home to 10 of Australias 30 largest cities and is the nations third largest economy. Tourism in the state, fuelled largely by its tropical climate, is a major industry. Queensland was first inhabited by Aboriginal Australians and Torres Strait Islanders, the first European to land in Queensland was Dutch navigator Willem Janszoon in 1606, who explored the west coast of the Cape York Peninsula near present-day Weipa. In 1770, Lieutenant James Cook claimed the east coast of Australia for the Kingdom of Great Britain. The colony of New South Wales was founded in 1788 by Governor Arthur Phillip at Sydney, New South Wales at that time included all of what is now Queensland, Queensland was explored in subsequent decades until the establishment of a penal colony at Brisbane in 1824 by John Oxley. Penal transportation ceased in 1839 and free settlement was allowed from 1842, the state was named in honour of Queen Victoria, who on 6 June 1859 signed Letters Patent separating the colony from New South Wales. The 6th of June is now celebrated statewide as Queensland Day. Queensland achieved statehood with the Federation of Australia on 1 January 1901, the history of Queensland spans thousands of years, encompassing both a lengthy indigenous presence, as well as the eventful times of post-European settlement. The north-eastern Australian region was explored by Dutch, Spanish and French navigators before being encountered by Lieutenant James Cook in 1770, the Australian Labor Party has its origin as a formal organisation in Queensland and the town of Barcaldine is the symbolic birthplace of the party. June 2009 marked the 150th anniversary of its creation as a colony from New South Wales. The Aboriginal occupation of Queensland is thought to predate 50,000 BC, likely via boat or land bridge across Torres Strait, during the last ice age Queenslands landscape became more arid and largely desolate, making food and other supplies scarce. This led to the worlds first seed-grinding technology, warming again made the land hospitable, which brought high rainfall along the eastern coast, stimulating the growth of the states tropical rainforests. In February 1606, Dutch navigator Willem Janszoon landed near the site of what is now Weipa and this was the first recorded landing of a European in Australia, and it also marked the first reported contact between European and Aboriginal Australian people. The region was explored by French and Spanish explorers prior to the arrival of Lieutenant James Cook in 1770. Cook claimed the east coast under instruction from King George III of the United Kingdom on 22 August 1770 at Possession Island, naming Eastern Australia, including Queensland, the Aboriginal population declined significantly after a smallpox epidemic during the late 18th century
4.
Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
5.
Hotel
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A hotel is an establishment that provides paid lodging on a short-term basis. Small, lower-priced hotels may offer only the most basic guest services and facilities, Hotel rooms are usually numbered to allow guests to identify their room. Some boutique, high-end hotels have custom decorated rooms, some hotels offer meals as part of a room and board arrangement. In the United Kingdom, a hotel is required by law to serve food, in Japan, capsule hotels provide a tiny room suitable only for sleeping and shared bathroom facilities. The precursor to the hotel was the inn of medieval Europe. For a period of about 200 years from the mid-17th century, inns began to cater to richer clients in the mid-18th century. One of the first hotels in a sense was opened in Exeter in 1768. Hotels proliferated throughout Western Europe and North America in the early 19th century, Hotel operations vary in size, function, and cost. Most hotels and major hospitality companies have set standards to classify hotel types. Full service hotels often contain upscale full-service facilities with a number of full service accommodations, an on-site full service restaurant. Boutique hotels are independent, non-branded hotels that often contain upscale facilities. Small to medium-sized hotel establishments offer a limited amount of on-site amenities, economy hotels are small to medium-sized hotel establishments that offer basic accommodations with little to no services. Extended stay hotels are small to medium-sized hotels that offer full service accommodations compared to a traditional hotel. Timeshare and destination clubs are a form of property ownership involving ownership of a unit of accommodation for seasonal usage. A motel is a small-sized low-rise lodging with direct access to rooms from the car park. Boutique hotels are typically hotels with an environment or intimate setting. A number of hotels have entered the public consciousness through popular culture, some hotels are built specifically as a destination in itself, for example at casinos and holiday resorts. The organizational chart and volume of job positions and hierarchy varies by size, function and class
6.
Rockhampton
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Rockhampton is a city in the Rockhampton Region, Queensland, Australia. The estimated urban population of Rockhampton in June 2015 was 80,665, Rockhampton hosts a significant number of governmental, community and major business administrative offices for the central, coastal part of the state. Rockhampton experiences over 300 days of each year, which lends itself to tourism activities all year round. The town lies on the Fitzroy River, approximately 45 kilometres from the river mouth, Rockhampton has a north and south side with three bridges connecting both sides, one for trains and two for vehicles and people. Rockhampton lies just north of the Tropic of Capricorn in Central Queensland, a sculpture originally marking the latitude was later moved into town to be more accessible to tourists. The city is located on the banks of the Fitzroy River, the Berserker Range lies on the eastern side of the city, with the Athelstane Range to the west. The coastal area to the east of the city is known as the Capricorn Coast, the Capricorn district is the traditional home of the Darumbal Aboriginal people. The European history of the began in 1853, when the area that would become Rockhampton was visited by the Archer brothers Charles and William. They were acting on information from earlier expeditions by Ludwig Leichhardt and Thomas Mitchell, in January 1854, the New South Wales Government proclaimed two new districts, Port Curtis and Leichhardt, and settlement began in earnest in 1855. These rocks were incorporated with the traditional English term for a village, in 1856, the Elliott brothers arrived at Gracemere and soon after, took up landholdings at Canoona, north of present-day Yaamba. There, Philip Elliott and his party came under attack from the Darumbals, Elliott was seriously wounded by a spear and one of his men was killed. However, Elliott had brought with his party a contingent of police who turned near-certain loss into victory. It was the first of many battles, with abundant grazing lands and waters from the Fitzroy River and its many tributaries and lagoons, the region continued to expand rapidly. In 1858, the town of Rockhampton was officially proclaimed, the town was surveyed at this time and the first sales of building allotments were held that year. In 1859, gold was discovered at Canoona, miners rushed to the new field, using the site of Rockhampton on the Fitzroy River as the nearest navigable port. The Canoona field proved to be disappointing and thousands of would-be gold seekers were left stranded at Rockhampton. Although many returned south, others stayed, adding to the infant towns population, by 1861, the town boasted a regular newspaper, banks, court house and School of Arts. Direct shipments of imported goods and migrants from the United Kingdom began to be received during the 1860s, during the 1860s and 1870s Rockhampton developed as the main port for the developing Central Queensland hinterland, the main export at that time being wool
7.
Mount Morgan Mine
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Mount Morgan Mine was a copper, gold and silver mine in Queensland, Australia. Mining began at Mount Morgan in 1882 and continued until 1981, over its lifespan, the mine yielded approximately 262 tonnes of gold,37 tonnes of silver and 387,000 tonnes of copper. The mine was once the largest gold mine in the world, the Mount Morgan Mine also operated assay laboratories, brickworks, foundry, power house and workshops as part of its operations. The Mount Morgan Mine also contained Fireclay Caverns excavated to provide clay for the mine brickworks, wealth from the Mount Morgan mine funded Persian oil exploration, establishing the Anglo-Persian Oil Company, which became BP in 1954. Wealth from the Mount Morgan mine was also bequeathed in 1912 to establish the Walter, the area near the mine contains sedimentary and igneous rocks. The gold was rated 0.998 fine, in 1882, a syndicate was created to open a gold mine at Ironstone Mountain,39 km south of Rockhampton, Queensland. The syndicate comprised William Knox Darcy, Walter Russell Hall, Thomas Skarratt Hall, Ironstone Mountain was later renamed Mount Morgan after the Morgan members of the syndicate. In October 1886, the became the Mount Morgan Gold Mining Company. The Mount Morgan Gold Mining Company operated using underground mining methods until 1927 when fire destroyed underground workings, the company deliberately flooded its underground workings in response to the fire and went into liquidation. By 1907 the mine had produced $60,000,000 worth of gold, the Mount Morgan Mine was reestablished using open-cut mining methods in 1928, operating as Mount Morgan Limited. Conversion to open-cut operation included substantial modernization of Mount Morgan’s mining infrastructure, Mount Morgan Limited became a subsidiary of Peko Wallsend Limited in 1968 and continued operations until 1974, when Mount Morgan Limited began to reach the end of its ore body. Mount Morgan Limited progressively scaled back its workforce and operations until it reached the end of its ore body in 1981, from 1982 to 1990, Mount Morgan Limited began processing tailings of its previous operations at the Mount Morgan mine site. In parallel, Mount Morgan mine facilities were used to process materials from other Peko Wallsend operations, at the end of both such operations in 1990, the Queensland Government began negotiating with Mount Morgan Limited regarding terms of closure. The Queensland Government began administration of the site in 1992, perilya/Aumin NL commenced further exploration in 1992 leading to plans for potential further reprocessing at the Mount Morgan mine site in the future. Since 2007 the mine and mining leases have been owned by Norton Gold Fields, an estimated 327,000 ounces of gold still exist at the site. William Knox Darcy, a member of the Mount Morgan gold mine syndicate. The exploration made successful oil discovery in 1908 and commenced the Anglo Persian Oil Company, the company became The British Petroleum Company in 1954. Walter Russell Hall was also a member of the original Mount Morgan Gold Mine syndicate, substantial personal wealth of Walter Russell Hall was bequeathed on his death in 1912 to establish the Walter and Eliza Hall Trust
8.
Scotland
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Scotland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and covers the northern third of the island of Great Britain. It shares a border with England to the south, and is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to the east. In addition to the mainland, the country is made up of more than 790 islands, including the Northern Isles, the Kingdom of Scotland emerged as an independent sovereign state in the Early Middle Ages and continued to exist until 1707. By inheritance in 1603, James VI, King of Scots, became King of England and King of Ireland, Scotland subsequently entered into a political union with the Kingdom of England on 1 May 1707 to create the new Kingdom of Great Britain. The union also created a new Parliament of Great Britain, which succeeded both the Parliament of Scotland and the Parliament of England. Within Scotland, the monarchy of the United Kingdom has continued to use a variety of styles, titles, the legal system within Scotland has also remained separate from those of England and Wales and Northern Ireland, Scotland constitutes a distinct jurisdiction in both public and private law. Glasgow, Scotlands largest city, was one of the worlds leading industrial cities. Other major urban areas are Aberdeen and Dundee, Scottish waters consist of a large sector of the North Atlantic and the North Sea, containing the largest oil reserves in the European Union. This has given Aberdeen, the third-largest city in Scotland, the title of Europes oil capital, following a referendum in 1997, a Scottish Parliament was re-established, in the form of a devolved unicameral legislature comprising 129 members, having authority over many areas of domestic policy. Scotland is represented in the UK Parliament by 59 MPs and in the European Parliament by 6 MEPs, Scotland is also a member nation of the British–Irish Council, and the British–Irish Parliamentary Assembly. Scotland comes from Scoti, the Latin name for the Gaels, the Late Latin word Scotia was initially used to refer to Ireland. By the 11th century at the latest, Scotia was being used to refer to Scotland north of the River Forth, alongside Albania or Albany, the use of the words Scots and Scotland to encompass all of what is now Scotland became common in the Late Middle Ages. Repeated glaciations, which covered the land mass of modern Scotland. It is believed the first post-glacial groups of hunter-gatherers arrived in Scotland around 12,800 years ago, the groups of settlers began building the first known permanent houses on Scottish soil around 9,500 years ago, and the first villages around 6,000 years ago. The well-preserved village of Skara Brae on the mainland of Orkney dates from this period and it contains the remains of an early Bronze Age ruler laid out on white quartz pebbles and birch bark. It was also discovered for the first time that early Bronze Age people placed flowers in their graves, in the winter of 1850, a severe storm hit Scotland, causing widespread damage and over 200 deaths. In the Bay of Skaill, the storm stripped the earth from a large irregular knoll, when the storm cleared, local villagers found the outline of a village, consisting of a number of small houses without roofs. William Watt of Skaill, the laird, began an amateur excavation of the site, but after uncovering four houses
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This Wikipedia article was originally based on "The Queensland heritage register" published by the State of Queensland under CC-BY 3.0 AU licence (accessed on 7 July 2014, archived on 8 October 2014). The geo-coordinates were originally computed from the "Queensland heritage register boundaries" published by the State of Queensland under CC-BY 3.0 AU licence (accessed on 5 September 2014, archived on 15 October 2014).
Media related to Queensland National Hotel at Wikimedia Commons