The Quine–Putnam indispensability argument is an argument in the philosophy of mathematics for the existence of abstract mathematical objects such as numbers and sets, a position known as mathematical
W. V. O. Quine
Hilary Putnam
An important counterargument to confirmational holism is due to Penelope Maddy
Mathematical object
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A mathematical object is an abstract concept arising in mathematics. Typically, a mathematical object can be a value that can be assigned to a symbol, and therefore can be involved in formulas. Common
Plato depicted in The School of Athens by Raphael Sanzio
