Brazilian society is made up of a confluence of people of Indigenous, Portuguese, and African descent. Other major significant groups include Italians, Spaniards, Germans, Lebanese, Eastern Europeans,
The Brazilian people are multi-ethnic. First row: White (Portuguese, German, Italian, Arab respectively) and Japanese Brazilians. Second row: Black, Pardo (cafuzo, mulato and caboclo, respectively) and Native Brazilians.
Portuguese immigrants arriving in Rio de Janeiro
European immigrants arriving in São Paulo
A Redenção de Cam (Redemption of Ham), Modesto Brocos, 1895, Museu Nacional de Belas Artes. The painting depicts a black grandmother, mulatta mother, white father and their quadroon child, hence three generations of hypergamy through racial whitening.
In Brazil, Pardo is an ethno-racial and skin color category used by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics in the Brazilian censuses. The term "pardo" is a complex one, more commonly used
Race and ethnicity in Brazil
…procreate among themselves; in the long term producing "White" and "Black" groups with surprisingly similar proportions of European and African ancestry. Pardos (mixed) (45.3%) Whites (43.5…
Man playing a Brazilian guitar (Violão) in Recife, Pernambuco.
The Founding of the Brazilian Fatherland, a 1899 allegorical painting depicting statesman José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva, one of the founding fathers of the country, with the Brazilian imperial flag and three major ethnic groups in Brazil
Nilo Peçanha is considered Brazil's first pardo president, assuming the presidency in 1909.