1.
Rachael Ray (talk show)
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It is taped at Chelsea Television Studios in New York City. The shows 11th season premiered on September 12,2016, and in Season 8, the concept behind this program showcases Rays culinary skills. She brings various celebrities on screen to discuss their accomplishments in the entertainment, sports, and media industries. She does, however, keep cooking in the forefront by including at least one cooking segment at the end of each episode, according to Ray, People know me for my love of food, but I have so much more I want to share. The set has the audience seated on a turntable that rotates so that the audience can always see the action on the circular stage that surrounds them. At the end of show, with the exception of a few more guests after Rays cooking segments, Rays tagline is. On March 9,2007, Entertainment Tonight revealed that the theme music was written and recorded by Rays husband. The original theme song to the show was performed by R&B, Soul and their song had the same rhythm and melody as their classic hit Yellow Moon, but with different lyrics. Starting with the season, the original theme was retired. With the start of the season, the show was updated. The new studio is in New York City in the Chelsea neighborhood, audience members can be seen lined up outside the studios usually on Tuesdays, Wednesdays and Thursdays. Episodes are shot at 11,30 a. m. and 3,30 p. m. each day, the show now has 2 Daytime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Talk Show Entertainment winning in 2008 and 2009. The show was nominated for Talk Show Entertainment in 2010 but lost to The Ellen DeGeneres Show. Rachael Ray was also nominated for Talk Show Host in 2007,2009 and 2010 but lost to Ellen DeGeneres in 2007, The View in 2009 and Dr. Mehmet Oz in 2010. During its first season, the show averaged about 2.6 million views daily, not long after it debuted, it was revealed that Rachael Ray was renewed through 2010, adding two years to the already two years it had received. In June 2009, Rachael Ray was renewed for two years, till 2012, making 6 seasons. Rachael Ray was the one of the four syndicated daytime talk shows that premiered for the 2006–07 season to be renewed. By the shows third season in 2008, ratings had dropped to a 1.8, however ratings leveled off in 2010 with 1.5 and roughly 2 million viewers for the fifth season
2.
Rachel Ray (novel)
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Rachel Ray is an 1863 novel by Anthony Trollope. The novel was commissioned for Good Words, a popular magazine directed at pious Protestant readers. However, the editor, upon reading the galley proofs, concluded that the negative portrayals of the Low church and Evangelical characters would anger. The novel was never published in serial form, Rachel Ray is the younger daughter of a lawyers widow. She lives with her mother and her sister, Dorothea Prime. Mrs. Ray is amiable but weak, unable to make decisions on her own, Mrs. Prime is a strict and gloomy Evangelical, persuaded that all worldly joys are impediments to salvation. Rachel is courted by Luke Rowan, a man from London who has inherited an interest in the profitable local brewery. Mrs. Prime suspects his morals and motives, and communicates these suspicions to her mother, Mrs. Ray consults her pastor, the Low Churchman Charles Comfort, and upon his vouching for Rowan, allows Rachel to accept his offer of marriage. Soon after this, Rowan falls into a dispute with the proprietor of the brewery. Rumours circulate about his conduct in Devon, Comfort believes the rumours, Rachel obeys her mothers instructions to write Rowan and release him from the engagement. When he fails to respond, she grows increasingly depressed, Rowan returns to Devon, and the dispute over the brewery is settled to his satisfaction. This accomplished, he calls upon the Rays and assures Rachel that his love for her is still strong and she assents to his renewed proposals. A subplot involves the courtship of Mrs. Prime by her pastor. Prong is a zealous but intolerant Evangelical, Prime wants to retain control of her money, and is otherwise unwilling to submit to a husbands rule. James Pope-Hennessy described Rachel Ray as Trollopes tirade against the West Country evangelical clergy, like his mother, Frances Trollope, who had caricatured them in her Vicar of Wrexhill, Anthony Trollope had no fondness for Evangelicals. In the novel, Samuel Prong, like Obadiah Slope of Barchester Towers, has an appearance, pursues marriage for money rather than love. Mrs. Prime is morose and motivated by a love of power, her Dorcas Society lieutenant, rachels happiness is threatened by the machinations of the Evangelical characters, and the intervention of two of her non-Evangelical neighbours is critical in salvaging it. In 1862, when Trollope was near the peak of his reputation, a well-known Scottish Presbyterian pastor and chaplain to Queen Victoria, Macleod was a personal friend of Trollopes and a fellow member of the Garrick Club
3.
Rachel Roy
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Rachel Irene Roy is an American fashion designer. Roy was born in San Bernardino County, California, and raised in Seaside, California and her brother Rajendra Roy is the chief film curator of the Museum of Modern Art in New York. Roys mother is Dutch and her Madras-born father is Bengali Indian, Roy attended Columbia Union College in Takoma Park, Maryland and left to move to New York City where she worked as a wardrobe stylist and interned at the fashion label Rocawear. At Rocawear, she rose to the position of director of the womens and childrens divisions and met her future husband. In 2004, Roy launched her eponymous fashion collection, in early 2006, Roy received a Bollywood industry award for her contribution to American fashion. In 2007, Roy was inducted into the Council of Fashion Designers of America, in June 2008, Jones Apparel Group formed a joint venture with the Rachel Roy brand. Roy also received publicity in the teen market, including in Teen Vogue, in its April 2009 issue, Rachel did a “how to, in August 2009, Roy launched The RACHEL Rachel Roy collection, an affordable diffusion line of sportswear, shoes, and accessories. The label RACHEL Rachel Roy is available exclusively at Macy’s in the United States, also in summer 2009, Roy and Grammy Award-winning British pop singer Estelle announced via Roy’s Twitter feed their collaboration on a jewelry line for the Spring 2010 RACHEL Rachel Roy collection. Roy designed a collection in partnership with model Jessica Stam for Macy’s stores. Clients include Michelle Obama, Diane Sawyer, Kate Hudson, Jennifer Garner, Kim Kardashian, Iman, Lucy Liu, Sharon Stone, Tyra Banks, Wendy Williams, and Penélope Cruz. According to different sources, Rachel Roy and Damon Dash married in late 2004 or in 2005 They have two daughters and she filed for divorce in 2009. In April 2015, Roy was awarded sole custody of both daughters and filed for an order of protection against Dash. The court granted Roy and her daughters with a three year restraining order against Dash, days later, Dash filed a lawsuit against her, alleging breach of fiduciary duties and other claims related to Royale Etenia, a fashion company they founded during their marriage. Indians in the New York City metropolitan region Official website Rachel Roy at the Fashion Model Directory
4.
Glens Falls, New York
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Glens Falls is a city in Warren County, New York, United States and is the central city of the Glens Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 14,700 at the 2010 census, the name was given by Colonel Johannes Glen, the falls referring to a large waterfall in the Hudson River at the southern end of the city. Glens Falls is a city located in the southeast corner of Warren County, surrounded by the town of Queensbury to the north, east, and west, Glens Falls is known as Hometown U. S. A. A title given to it by Look Magazine in 1944, the city has also referred to itself in the past as the Empire City. As a halfway point between Fort Edward and Fort William Henry, the falls was the site of battles during the French and Indian War. The then-hamlet was mostly destroyed by fire twice during the latter conflict, Fire also ravaged the village in 1864,1884, and 1902. The area was originally called Chepontuc, also referred to as the Great Carrying Place, in 1766 it was renamed Wings Falls for Abraham Wing – the leader of the group of Quakers who established the permanent settlement – and for the falls on the Hudson River. Colonel Glen changed the name to Glens Falls, though it was printed with varying spelling such as Glenns. The spelling Glens Falls came to be the common usage, a post office was established in 1808. In 2003, with permission from Queensbury, Glens Falls annexed approximately 49 acres of the town, the land, known as Veterans Field or the Northway Industrial Park, is on Veterans Road between Luzerne Road and Sherman Avenue and is just east of I-87. The land was vacant at the time, a thin,0.5 miles strip of Sherman Avenue was part of this annexation, in order to comply with state law regarding contiguity of annexed land. Both the city and town share ownership of this stretch of highway as a result, Glens Falls has two historic districts listed on the National Register of Historic Places and the equivalent New York State Register of Historic places. The Fredella Avenue historic district includes a series of concrete block structures. The Three Squares Historic District comprises the majority of the Central Business District, in addition, several individual structures are listed, some below. Glens Falls does not have a preservation law protecting these historic resources from demolition or alteration. The building was designed by Charles A. Platt and built by Robert Rheinlander and its first renovation and expansion since then was completed in November 2008, involving the demolition of the 1969 addition. The library is a part of the Southern Adirondack Library System, ninety-five names, those of the men who died, are engraved on the monument. Many battles of the war are listed, DeLong House – Presently the home of the Glens Falls/Queensbury Historical Association and the Chapman Historical Museum
5.
New York (state)
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New York is a state in the northeastern United States, and is the 27th-most extensive, fourth-most populous, and seventh-most densely populated U. S. state. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south and Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Vermont to the east. With an estimated population of 8.55 million in 2015, New York City is the most populous city in the United States, the New York Metropolitan Area is one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world. New York City makes up over 40% of the population of New York State, two-thirds of the states population lives in the New York City Metropolitan Area, and nearly 40% lives on Long Island. Both the state and New York City were named for the 17th-century Duke of York, the next four most populous cities in the state are Buffalo, Rochester, Yonkers, and Syracuse, while the state capital is Albany. New York has a diverse geography and these more mountainous regions are bisected by two major river valleys—the north-south Hudson River Valley and the east-west Mohawk River Valley, which forms the core of the Erie Canal. Western New York is considered part of the Great Lakes Region and straddles Lake Ontario, between the two lakes lies Niagara Falls. The central part of the state is dominated by the Finger Lakes, New York had been inhabited by tribes of Algonquian and Iroquoian-speaking Native Americans for several hundred years by the time the earliest Europeans came to New York. The first Europeans to arrive were French colonists and Jesuit missionaries who arrived southward from settlements at Montreal for trade, the British annexed the colony from the Dutch in 1664. The borders of the British colony, the Province of New York, were similar to those of the present-day state, New York is home to the Statue of Liberty, a symbol of the United States and its ideals of freedom, democracy, and opportunity. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. On April 17,1524 Verrazanno entered New York Bay, by way of the now called the Narrows into the northern bay which he named Santa Margherita. Verrazzano described it as a vast coastline with a delta in which every kind of ship could pass and he adds. This vast sheet of water swarmed with native boats and he landed on the tip of Manhattan and possibly on the furthest point of Long Island. Verrazannos stay was interrupted by a storm which pushed him north towards Marthas Vineyard, in 1540 French traders from New France built a chateau on Castle Island, within present-day Albany, due to flooding, it was abandoned the next year. In 1614, the Dutch under the command of Hendrick Corstiaensen, rebuilt the French chateau, Fort Nassau was the first Dutch settlement in North America, and was located along the Hudson River, also within present-day Albany. The small fort served as a trading post and warehouse, located on the Hudson River flood plain, the rudimentary fort was washed away by flooding in 1617, and abandoned for good after Fort Orange was built nearby in 1623. Henry Hudsons 1609 voyage marked the beginning of European involvement with the area, sailing for the Dutch East India Company and looking for a passage to Asia, he entered the Upper New York Bay on September 11 of that year
6.
30 Minute Meals
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30 Minute Meals is a Food Network show hosted by Rachael Ray. Her first of four shows on Food Network debuted in the fall of 2001, the show specializes in convenience cooking for those with little time to cook. The show is recorded live-to-tape, with Ray doing almost all preparation in real time, the show was awarded an Emmy for Best Daytime Service Show in 2006. A common feature on the program is the creation of new versions of classic dishes, Ray focuses on creating meals in less than 30 minutes. Ray has also two specials with the title Thanksgiving in 60, about preparing a Thanksgiving dinner in one hour. Each episode Ray opens the show by saying Hi there, Im Rachael Ray, now that means in the time it takes you to watch this program, I will have made a delicious and healthy meal from start to finish. Rachel Rays 30 Minute Meals, based on the cookbook series, after writing and releasing her cookbook in 1999, Rachel Ray went on NBCs Today show to make soup with Al Roker. Two weeks later she had two shows on TV. Criticism of Rachel Rays show has been levied despite its successes, Ray had no formal cooking experience, leading to complaints about the appearance of her food. Matters of grammar and her expressions, such as Sammies and Yum-o when she tastes the food, were also probematic, charlie Dougiello, Rays director of publicity stated, Rachael always says that some of the criticisms of her as a chef are correct. She whips up meals in a way some chefs would cringe at, if she slips up, she slips up. The t. v. series has led to a group of cookbooks
7.
$40 a Day
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$40 a Day is a Food Network show hosted by Rachael Ray. In each episode, Rachael takes a trip to an American, Canadian. While touring the city, she finds restaurants to go to, the show premiered on April 1,2002, five months after the debut of 30 Minute Meals, making it her second show on the Food Network. Some clips are used in Rays later series, Rachael Rays Tasty Travels. Another Food Network series, Giadas Weekend Getaways starring Giada De Laurentiis, is similar in format, in 2010, The Travel Channel began airing reruns of the show. As of 2013, the show is no longer in reruns on the Travel Channel, according to Ray, visiting a fast food restaurant, particularly those of national chains, is considered cheating. On occasion, smaller sit-down restaurant chains are visited, generally, non-food items and non-food-related activities are not included in her budget. Rachael always offers tips on what to see in the cities, as well as hints on how to save money. She also emphasizes researching whatever city she plans to visit through the Internet, initially, Rachael only used item prices against her $40 limit. She started including applicable taxes and tips during the first season, on occasion, she does go over budget, however, during her trips to Philadelphia and Arizona, she did so on purpose. Her cheapest day was in Vancouver, British Columbia, in 2003, on occasions, she has had to get creative to stay on-budget, for example, she accidentally blew half her budget on her second meal in her first Miami episode. The pilot, shot in Los Angeles, had a 12-hour limit, usually episodes begin in the morning with breakfast, occasionally brunch. Episodes almost always feature four paid meals, but on at least one occasion, in the Research Triangle, also on rare occasion, only three meals are paid, and a fourth ends up being free. On only one occasion, in Antigua, she partook of a hotels free Continental breakfast, on her first visit to Las Vegas during the first season, Rachael began with dinner and stayed overnight, ending with breakfast. She did several episodes in Europe when the euro was still valued less than the U. S. dollar and she has not visited Europe since the U. S. dollar has fallen under the euro in value. She has also visited several island locales, including Bermuda and Antigua, Ray has occasionally drawn controversy when some meals end up calculating with less-than-traditional tips. Official website $40 a Day at the Internet Movie Database $40 a Day at TV. com
8.
Celebrity chef
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A celebrity chef is a kitchen chef who has become famous and well known. Today celebrity chefs often become celebrities by presenting cookery advice and demonstrations via mass media, several chefs have been credited with being the first celebrity chef, among them historically Bartolomeo Scappi and Marie-Antoine Carême. In the modern era since the advent of several chefs have been attributed the title of the first celebrity chef, including Julia Child in the United States. Sales of certain foodstuffs can also be enhanced, such as when Delia Smith caused the sale of white eggs across the UK to increase by 10% in what has since been termed the Delia effect, in South Korea, a celebrity chef is referred to as a Cheftainer. The earliest chef to be credited with being a celebrity was the 16th-century Italian and he was the personal chef to Pope Pius V, and is credited with writing one of the first modern recipe books, Opera. The 19th-century French chef Marie-Antoine Carême has also since been referred to as a celebrity of his era, the first chef to achieve widespread fame and celebrity status was Alexis Soyer. Born in France, Soyer became the most celebrated cook in early Victorian England, in 1837, he became chef de cuisine at the Reform Club in London, where he designed the kitchens with Charles Barry. His exceptional cooking skills were combined with an excellent eye to marketing and his image was even successfully used as a trademark to market a range of bottled sauces produced by Crosse & Blackwell. Soyer also invented many popular new recipes and foods - he produced and marketed a drink made of a variety of fruits mixed with aerated water. His special dish at the Club, Soyers Lamb Cutlets Reform, is still on the Club menu today, at the Reform Club, he instituted many innovations including cooking with gas, refrigerators cooled by cold water, and ovens with adjustable temperatures. His kitchens were so famous that they were opened for conducted tours, when Queen Victoria was crowned on 28 June 1838, he prepared a breakfast for 2,000 people at the Club. He was also known for his philanthropy. During the Great Irish Famine in April 1847, he implemented a network of soup kitchens to feed the poor and his famine soup was served to thousands of the poor for free. Soyer wrote a number of bestselling books about cooking, one of them selling over a quarter of a million copies. His 1854 book A Shilling Cookery for the People was a book for ordinary people who could not afford elaborate kitchen utensils or large amounts of exotic ingredients. Other works included The Gastronomic Regenerator, The modern Housewife or ménagère, the earliest television celebrity chef in the UK was Fanny Cradock. She appeared on British television for two decades, from the 1950s through the 1970s. Her television career came to an end when she appeared as a judge on reality television show The Big Time in 1976 and she appeared to pretend to retch as contestant Gwen Troake described her menu for former Prime Minister Edward Heath
9.
Food Network
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Food Network is an American basic cable and satellite television channel that is owned by Television Food Network, G. P. A joint venture between Scripps Networks Interactive and the Tribune Cable Ventures Inc, despite this ownership structure, the channel is managed as a division of Scripps Networks Interactive. The channel airs both specials and regular episodic programs about food and cooking, in addition to its headquarters in New York City, Food Network has offices in Atlanta, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Chicago, Detroit, Jersey City, Cincinnati, and Knoxville, Tennessee. As of February 2015, Food Network is available to approximately 96,931,000 pay television households in the United States. Food Network was founded on April 19,1993 as TV Food Network and was launched on November 22 of that year, its name remains Television Food Network. Within a few years, the network had shortened its brand name by removing the TV from its name. It was developed by Reese Schonfeld, under the direction of Providence Journal president Trygve Myrhen, the network was initially launched as a preview in September 1993 with two initial shows featuring David Rosengarten, Donna Hanover, and Robin Leach. Schonfeld, who was also a partner in the company, was appointed as managing director of TV Food Network and maintained a spot on its management board along with two Providence Journal employees. The original lineup for the network included Emeril Lagasse, Debbi Fields, Donna Hanover, David Rosengarten, Curtis Aikens, Dr. Louis Arrone, Jacques Pépin, the following year, the network acquired the rights to the Julia Child library from WGBH. In 1995, Schonfeld resigned as managing director of the network, but remained on its board until 1998, in fact, in 1997, it was the second fastest growing cable network. Greg Willis and Cathy Rasenberger were the two of the members of the start-up team who led the affiliate sales and marketing of the company from 1995 to 1998. Greg Willis served as vice president of worldwide distribution until he left to join Liberty Media in 1998. The A. H. Belo Corporation acquired Food Network when it purchased The Providence Journal Company in 1996, Myrhen left the Journal Company the following year. Belo sold the network to the E. W. Scripps Company in 1997, in a deal that resulted in Belo acquiring the television-radio station combination of KENS-AM/TV in San Antonio. In March 2009, the Food Network launched a repurposed Food. com as a site that allows users to aggregate. The 1080i high definition simulcast feed of Food Network launched on March 31,2008, Food Network was first launched outside of North America in the United Kingdom on November 9,2009, and in Asia on July 5,2010. Since the UK launch on November 9,2009 on Sky, Food Network programming is divided into a daytime block known as Food Network in the Kitchen and a primetime lineup branded as Food Network Nighttime. Promos identify Food Network Nighttime programming but not In the Kitchen daytime programming, Food Network airs infomercials on Sundays from 4,00 to 9,30 a. m
10.
Rachael Ray
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Rachael Ray is an American television personality, businesswoman, celebrity cook, and author. She hosts the daily talk and lifestyle program Rachael Ray. Other programs to her credit include Rachael Rays Week In A Day, Ray has written several cookbooks based on the 30 Minute Meals concept, and launched a magazine Every Day with Rachael Ray, in 2006. Rays television shows have won three Daytime Emmy Awards, Rachael Ray was born in Glens Falls, New York, the daughter of Elsa Providenza Scuderi and James Claude Ray. Her mothers ancestry is Italian and her fathers is French, Scottish, when Ray was 8, her family moved to Lake George, New York. Her mother managed restaurants in New Yorks Capital District, including a Howard Johnsons located across the street from Gaslight Village, in 1995, Ray moved to New York City. One of her first jobs there was at the counter at Macys. She later helped open a New York City market, moving back to upstate New York, Ray managed Mister Browns Pub at The Sagamore, a hotel on Lake George. From there, she became a buyer at Cowan & Lobel, Ray credits the concept of 30 Minute Meals to her experience working at the store, where she met people who were reluctant to cook. She taught a course in which she showed how to make meals in less than 30 minutes, with the success of her 30 Minute Meals classes, WRGB asked her to appear in a weekly segment on their newscasts. This, along with a radio appearance and the publication of her first book, led to a Today show spot. Ray teaches many simple recipes that she says can be completed in 30 minutes or less, Ray says her Sicilian maternal grandfather, Emmanuel Scuderi, and her Cajun ancestry strongly influence on her cooking. She uses ingredients such as herbs, garlic, and chicken stock to boost flavors. She, instead, favors approximations such as half a palmful, to critics of her shortcut techniques, Ray responds, I have no formal anything. Im completely unqualified for any job Ive ever had and she has also repeatedly said, Im not a chef. On her television programs, she has used such as E-V-O-O, yum-o. Ray hosted 30 Minute Meals on Food Network for 27 seasons from 2001-2012, in 2005, she signed a deal to host a syndicated daytime TV talk show. The show, Rachael Ray, premiered on September 18,2006, recurrent appearances on The Oprah Winfrey Show were used to fuel the launch, much as Dr. Phils show was spun off based on his own frequent visits to Oprah
11.
Lake George, New York
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Lake George is a town in Warren County, New York, United States. The population was 3,578 at the 2000 census, the town is named after the lake, Lake George. Within the town is a village also named Lake George, the town is part of the Glens Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area. The first European to visit the lake was Father Isaac Jogues in August 1642 and he was later captured by Mohawks, escaped, and returned home to France. In 1646, he was sent on a mission to the Iroquois to propose a treaty of peace. In 1755, the lake was renamed Lake George by General William Johnson in honor of King George II, Lake George was also the site of Fort William Henry, named in honor of Prince William Henry, grandson of King George II, by General Johnson. The fort was reconstructed and opened to the public as a museum in 1953, the town was established in 1810 as the Town of Caldwell from parts of the towns of Bolton, Queensbury, and Thurman. In 1962 the town changed its name to Lake George, the town is also home to Wiawaka, a historic retreat center that was founded in 1903 for female textile workers from Troy but operates as a nonprofit for everyone today. The FORWARD shipwreck site, Royal C, peabody Estate, Wiawaka Bateaux Site, and Wiawaka Holiday House are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The Land Tortoise Shipwreck Site and Owls Nest are National Historic Landmarks, the Lake George Battlefield Park Historic District was listed in 2011. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has an area of 32.7 square miles. According to the Lake George Association Lake George is 32 miles in length, the Adirondack Northway passes through the town. The last remaining Howard Johnsons restaurant is located in Lake George, as of the census of 2000, there were 3,578 people,1,533 households, and 1,002 families residing in the town. The population density was 118.3 people per square mile, there were 2,456 housing units at an average density of 81.2 per square mile. The racial makeup of the town was 97. 74% White,0. 53% Black or African American,0. 25% Native American,0. 59% Asian,0. 03% Pacific Islander,0. 17% from other races, and 0. 70% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0. 92% of the population,28. 1% of all households were made up of individuals and 9. 8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.33 and the family size was 2.84. In the town, the population was out with 21. 7% under the age of 18,6. 8% from 18 to 24,25. 8% from 25 to 44,30. 8% from 45 to 64
12.
Capital District, New York
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The Capital District, also known as the Capital Region, refers to the metropolitan area surrounding Albany, the capital of the U. S. state of New York. With a population of 1,170,483, the Capital District is the fourth largest metropolitan region in the state, companies that have headquarters in Albany include CommerceHub and the Environment One Corporation. In the 21st century, the Capital District has emerged as an anchor of Tech Valley. The Capital District was first settled by the Dutch in the early 17th century, Albany has been the permanent capital of the state of New York since 1797. The Capital District is notable for historical events that predate the independence of the United States, including the Albany Plan of Union. The term Capital District is commonly used to refer to the due to its location surrounding the state capital. This is similar to other districts throughout the world, all of which are associated with a respective capital city. Later, Schenectady was added to this district as well, the Capital District Recreation League, formed in 1816, proposed a Capital District Park to be roughly 8 miles from Albany, Cohoes, Rensselaer, Schenectady, Troy, and Watervliet. The location proposed was the area of the Shaker settlement, the park was never created, though in 1928 the location was used for Albany International Airport for the same reason of its central location to those suburbs. Capitaland, Metroland, and Tech Valley are nicknames sometimes used to refer to the Capital District, permanent European claims and settlement began in 1609 when Henry Hudson sailed north up the Hudson River in the name of the Dutch. During the same year, Samuel Champlain explored south down Lake Champlain, conflict soon ensued between the French and Dutch for control of the fur trade and both made alliances with different Native American tribes. In 1630, Kiliaen van Rensselaer founded the Manor of Rensselaerswyck, a Dutch patroonship in the area, in 1664 the English successfully conquered the Dutch while rivalry with the French continued. Through the Dongan Charter, Governor Thomas Dongan granted Albany the right to purchase 500 acres in Schaahtecogue and 1,000 acres at Tionnondoroge, arent van Curler founded Schenectady in 1662, Fort Saratoga was built at present-day Schuylerville in 1691, and Greenbush was settled in the 1620s. South of Albany, settlement occurred quickly at first, but slowed as growth on the frontier pushed people north and west of Albany and it was chartered as a city in 1785, becoming only the third city in the state. The French and Indian War saw several battles in the Capital District. In the end, the French were defeated, freeing the land for settlement to the west. During the American Revolution the area saw fighting and Fort Ticonderoga experienced notable action. The Battle of Saratoga, which place in the present-day town of Stillwater, is considered the turning point of the war
13.
Howard Johnson's
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Howard Johnsons, or Howard Johnson, is an American chain of hotels, motels and restaurants located primarily throughout the United States and Canada. Founded by Howard Johnson, it was the largest restaurant chain in the U. S. A throughout the 1960s and 1970s, Howard Johnson hotels and motels are now part of Wyndham Worldwide. Howard Johnsons restaurants were franchised separately from the hotel brand beginning in 1986, the food and beverage rights to the restaurant are currently owned by Wyndham Worldwide. Just one Howard Johnson restaurant remains, in Lake George, New York, the line of branded supermarket frozen foods, including ice cream, is no longer manufactured. In 1925, Howard Deering Johnson borrowed $2,000 to buy and operate a small pharmacy in Wollaston. Johnson was surprised to find it easy to pay back the money lent to him discovering his recently installed soda fountain had become the busiest part of his drugstore. Eager to ensure that his store would remain successful, Johnson decided to come up with a new ice cream recipe, regardless, the new recipe made the ice cream more flavorful due to an increased content of butterfat. Eventually Johnson came up with 28 flavors of ice cream, Johnson is quoted as saying, I thought I had every flavor in the world. Throughout the summers of the late 1920s, Johnson opened up concession stands on beachfront property along the coast of Massachusetts, the stands sold soft drinks, hot dogs, and ice cream. Each stand proved to be successful, with his success becoming more noticeable every year, Johnson convinced local bankers to lend him enough money to operate a sit-down restaurant. Negotiations were made and, toward the end of the decade, the first Howard Johnsons restaurant featured fried clams, baked beans, chicken pot pies, frankfurters, ice cream, and soft drinks. Rather than fight the mayor, the Theatre Guild moved the production to Quincy, the five-hour play was presented in two parts with a dinner break. The first Howard Johnsons restaurant was near the theater, hundreds of influential Bostonians flocked to the restaurant, through word of mouth, more Americans became familiar with the Howard Johnsons company. Johnson wanted to expand his company, but the market crash of 1929 prevented him from doing so. After waiting a few years and maintaining his business, Johnson was able to persuade an acquaintance in 1932 to open a second Howard Johnsons restaurant in Orleans, the second restaurant was franchised and not company-owned. This was one of Americas first franchising agreements, by the end of 1936, there were 39 more franchised restaurants, creating a total of 41 Howard Johnsons restaurants. By 1939, there were 107 Howard Johnsons restaurants along various American East Coast highways, in less than 14 years, Johnson directed a franchise network of over 10,000 employees with 170 restaurants, many serving 1.5 million people a year. The unique icons of orange roofs, cupolas, and weather vanes on Howard Johnson properties helped patrons identify the chains restaurants, the restaurants trademark Simple Simon and the Pieman logo was created by artist John Alcott in the 1930s
14.
The Sagamore
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The Sagamore is a Victorian-era resort hotel located on Lake George in Bolton Landing, New York. It occupies the private Green Island on Lake George, since 1983 it has been listed in the National Register of Historic Places. The Sagamore is a member of Historic Hotel of America, the program of the National Trust for Historic Preservation. The Sagamore opened in 1883, financed by a number of prominent summer residents and it soon succeeded in attracting a wealthy clientele. The hotel was named after the Sagamore, an American Indian character in James Fenimore Coopers 1826 novel The Last of the Mohicans, several of Lake Georges nearby islands are also named after characters from the book. Twice damaged by fire, in 1893 and 1914, the Sagamore was rebuilt in the early 1920s by prominent local architect Robert Rheinlander. It was then reconstructed in 1930 through the efforts of Dr. William G. Beckers of New York City, one of the hotels early stockholders, and William H. Bixby. Together they financed the cost in spite of the economic climate of the period. Throughout its history, the Sagamore has been a center for wealthy tourists and residents of Millionaires Row. The hotel eventually fell into disrepair before closing its doors in 1981, in 1983, one hundred years after construction of the first Sagamore, builder and real estate developer Norman Wolgin of Philadelphia purchased the hotel and restored it. In the same year, the resort was listed in the National Register of Historic Places, the resort is currently managed by Delray Beach, Florida-based Ocean Properties, which bought it in 2008. In January 2009, the Sagamore announced that it would close for the months due to the economic recession
15.
Albany, New York
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Albany is the capital of the U. S. state of New York and the seat of Albany County. Roughly 150 miles north of New York City, Albany developed on the west bank of the Hudson River, the population of the City of Albany was 97,856 according to the 2010 census. With a Census-estimated population of 98,4242013, the Capital District is the third-most populous metropolitan region in the state and 38th in the United States. Fortune 500 companies that have offices in Albany include American Express, J. P. Morgan and Chase, Merrill Lynch, General Electric, Verizon, Goldman Sachs, International Paper, and Key Bank. In the 21st century, the Capital District has emerged as an anchor of Tech Valley. This was the first European settlement in the state, settled by Dutch colonists who built Fort Nassau for fur trading in 1614 and they formed successful relations with both the Mahican and the Mohawk peoples, two major Native American nations in the region. The fur trade attracted settlers who founded a village called Beverwijck near Fort Orange, in 1664 the English took over the Dutch settlements, renaming the city as Albany, in honor of the then Duke of Albany, the future James II of England and James VII of Scotland. The city was chartered in 1686 under English rule. It became the capital of New York State in 1797, following the United States gaining independence in the American Revolutionary War, Albany is one of the oldest surviving settlements of the original British thirteen colonies, and the longest continuously chartered city in the United States. Its charter is possibly the longest-running instrument of government in the Western Hemisphere. During the late 18th century and throughout most of the 19th, Albany was a center of trade, Albanys main exports at the time were beer, lumber, published works, and ironworks. Beginning in 1810, Albany was one of the ten most populous cities in the United States, in the 20th century, the city opened one of the first commercial airports in the world, the precursor of todays Albany International Airport. During the 1920s a powerful political machine controlled by the Democratic Party arose in the state capital and it marshalled the power of immigrants and their descendants in both cities. In the early 21st century, Albany has experienced growth in the high-technology industry, Albany has been a center of higher education for over a century, with much of the remainder of its economy dependent on state government and health care services. The city has rebounded from the decline of the 1970s and 1980s. Albany is known for its history, commerce, culture, architecture. Albany won the All-America City Award in both 1991 and 2009, Albany is one of the oldest surviving European settlements from the original thirteen colonies and the longest continuously chartered city in the United States. The Hudson River area was inhabited by Algonquian-speaking Mohican, who called it Pempotowwuthut-Muhhcanneuw
16.
WRGB
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WRGB, channel 6, is a television station licensed to Schenectady, New York, USA. WRGB is owned by the Sinclair Broadcast Group, and is the CBS affiliate for the Albany-Schenectady-Troy television market, the station shares its studio and office facility with co-owned WCWN in Niskayuna, New York, and its transmitter is based near Voorheesville, New York. WCWN additionally carries a simulcast of WRGBs main channel for the convenience of UHF viewers unable to receive WRGBs VHF signal, WRGB is most notable for being among the first experimental television stations in the world. It began with test broadcasts in early 1928, later that year the first daily programs were broadcast. It later became one of a handful of television stations licensed for commercial broadcasting operation before the end of World War II. The station launched the careers of TV chefs Art Mr. Food Ginsburg in the mid-70s, and of Rachael Ray. It was popularly known as WGY Television after its radio station. Later, the New York connection was achieved via coaxial cable, the NBC affiliation would last for 42 years. The station initially broadcast on 790 kHz from a 380-meter antenna, the station also broadcast on the frequency of 379.5 kHz, with 24 vertical lines of resolution and 21 frames per second. Its call-sign was changed to W2XAD rather quickly in 1928 and moved to 31.4 MHz, towards December 1928, the station would receive yet another change and upgrade with its call letters becoming W2XAF, keeping its frequency, frame rate and vertical lines. Later on, the received a further upgrade to broadcast 48 lines at 20 frames per second. Late in the 1930s it moved into the VHF band using a 6 MHz-wide channel band, in 1941, the station moved into a state-of-the-art studio on Washington Avenue in Schenectady. It was the first building in the specifically designed for television. On February 26,1942, W2XB received a license as WRGB. By then, it was operating on the VHF band with modern 525-line resolution, in 1948, WRGB took on secondary affiliations with the three other networks in operation. At the time of the announcement, the only broadcast for 28 hours a week. WRGB dropped its secondary affiliations when WCDA and WTRI took the ABC, from 1939 till 1957, the stations studio were located on Washington Avenue in downtown Schenectady. In 1957, WRGB moved to its current studio on Balltown Road on the line between Niskayuna and Schenectady, the old studio is currently occupied by Schenectady County Community College
17.
CBS
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CBS is an American commercial broadcast television network that is a flagship property of CBS Corporation. The company is headquartered at the CBS Building in New York City with major facilities and operations in New York City. CBS is sometimes referred to as the Eye Network, in reference to the iconic logo. It has also called the Tiffany Network, alluding to the perceived high quality of CBS programming during the tenure of William S. Paley. It can also refer to some of CBSs first demonstrations of color television, the network has its origins in United Independent Broadcasters Inc. a collection of 16 radio stations that was purchased by Paley in 1928 and renamed the Columbia Broadcasting System. Under Paleys guidance, CBS would first become one of the largest radio networks in the United States, in 1974, CBS dropped its former full name and became known simply as CBS, Inc. In 2000, CBS came under the control of Viacom, which was formed as a spin-off of CBS in 1971, CBS Corporation is controlled by Sumner Redstone through National Amusements, which also controls the current Viacom. The television network has more than 240 owned-and-operated and affiliated stations throughout the United States. The origins of CBS date back to January 27,1927, Columbia Phonographic went on the air on September 18,1927, with a presentation by the Howard Barlow Orchestra from flagship station WOR in Newark, New Jersey, and fifteen affiliates. Operational costs were steep, particularly the payments to AT&T for use of its land lines, in early 1928 Judson sold the network to brothers Isaac and Leon Levy, owners of the networks Philadelphia affiliate WCAU, and their partner Jerome Louchenheim. With the record out of the picture, Paley quickly streamlined the corporate name to Columbia Broadcasting System. He believed in the power of advertising since his familys La Palina cigars had doubled their sales after young William convinced his elders to advertise on radio. By September 1928, Paley bought out the Louchenheim share of CBS, during Louchenheims brief regime, Columbia paid $410,000 to A. H. Grebes Atlantic Broadcasting Company for a small Brooklyn station, WABC, which would become the networks flagship station. WABC was quickly upgraded, and the relocated to 860 kHz. The physical plant was relocated also – to Steinway Hall on West 57th Street in Manhattan, by the turn of 1929, the network could boast to sponsors of having 47 affiliates. Paley moved right away to put his network on a financial footing. In the fall of 1928, he entered talks with Adolph Zukor of Paramount Pictures. The deal came to fruition in September 1929, Paramount acquired 49% of CBS in return for a block of its stock worth $3.8 million at the time
18.
Today (U.S. TV program)
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Today, also called The Today Show, is an American news and talk morning television show that airs on NBC. The program debuted on January 14,1952 and it was the first of its genre on American television and in the world, and is the fifth-longest-running American television series. Originally a two-hour program on weekdays, it expanded to Sundays in 1987, the weekday broadcast expanded to three hours in 2000, and to four hours in 2007. Todays dominance was virtually unchallenged by the other networks until the late 1980s, Today has maintained its No.2 status since the summer of 2012 each year behind GMA. In 2002, Today was ranked No.17 on TV Guides 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time, the shows first broadcast aired on January 14,1952. It was the brainchild of Sylvester B, Pat Weaver, Jr. who was then vice president of NBC. Weaver was president of the company from 1953 to 1955, during which time Todays late-night companion The Tonight Show premiered, in pre-production, the shows proposed title was The Rise and Shine Revue. Today was the first program of its genre when it premiered with original host Dave Garroway, the program blended national news headlines, interviews with newsmakers, lifestyle features, other light news and gimmicks, and local news updates from the networks stations. It has spawned several other shows of a type, including ABCs Good Morning America. In other countries, the format was copied – most notably in the United Kingdom with the BBCs Breakfast Time and TV-ams Good Morning Britain, and in Canada with Canada AM on CTV. When Today debuted, it was seen only in the Eastern and Central time zones. Since 1958, Today has been tape-delayed for the five other U. S. time zones, partly to accommodate host Dave Garroways declining health, the program ceased live broadcasts in the summer of 1958, opting instead to broadcast an edition taped the previous afternoon. The experiment, which drew criticism from many sides, ended when John Chancellor replaced Garroway in July 1961, a fourth hour was eventually added on September 10,2007. NBC stations in some markets air the third and fourth hours of Today on tape delay, WHDH in Boston, Massachusetts was an NBC station that would follow this practice to accommodate an hour of local news at 9,00 am. On January 1,2017, the NBC affiliation in Boston moved to a new owned-and-operated station, WBTS, which airs the third and fourth hours of Today at its regular 9,00 am and 10,00 am timeslots. Generally, the program live in the Eastern Time Zone. When breaking news stories warrant, Today will broadcast a live West Coast edition, the live updates typically do not last longer than the 7,00 a. m. hour and once completed, will return to the taped East Coast feed. When the anchors welcome the viewers to the show, they note the current time as being Pacific Time
19.
Catchphrase
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A catchphrase is a phrase or expression recognized by its repeated utterance. Such phrases often originate in popular culture and in the arts, some become the de facto or literal trademark or signature of the person or character with whom they originated, and can be instrumental in the typecasting of a particular actor. People are doing it to feel good about themselves, to make others laugh, to make themselves laugh and he found that all of the participants in his study had used film quotes in conversation at one point or another. They overwhelmingly cited comedies, followed distantly by dramas and action adventure flicks, horror films, musicals and childrens films were hardly ever cited. List of catchphrases List of political catchphrases List of exclamations by Robin Category, Catchphrases Barba, Catchy Phrases, over 2000 Catchy Slogans Ideas, Powerful Copy Connectors, Catchy Phrases for Business Tag lines, Magnetic Blog Triggers. Catchphrase, Slogan and Cliché, the origins and meanings of our favourite expressions, a Dictionary of Catch Phrases, American and British, from the sixteenth century to the present day Lanham, Maryland, Scarborough House,1992. Planet Simpson, How a Cartoon Masterpiece Documented an Era and Defined a Generation
20.
Olive oil
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Olive oil is a liquid fat obtained from olives, a traditional tree crop of the Mediterranean Basin. The oil is produced by pressing whole olives and it is commonly used in cooking, whether for frying or as a salad dressing. It is also used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and soaps, and as a fuel for oil lamps. It is associated with the Mediterranean diet for its health benefits. The olive is one of three core food plants in Mediterranean cuisine, the two are wheat and grapes. Olive trees have grown around the Mediterranean since the 8th millennium BC. Spain is the largest producer of oil, followed by Italy. However, per capita consumption is highest in Greece, followed by Spain, Italy, consumption in North America and northern Europe is far less, but rising steadily. The composition of oil varies with the cultivar, altitude, time of harvest. It consists mainly of acid, with smaller amounts of other fatty acids including linoleic acid. The olive tree is native to the Mediterranean basin, wild olives were collected by Neolithic peoples as early as the 8th millennium BC, the wild olive tree originated in Asia Minor or in ancient Greece. It is not clear when and where trees were first domesticated, in Asia Minor, in the Levant. Archeological evidence shows that olives were turned into oil by 6000 BC and 4500 BC in present-day Palestine. Until 1500 BC, eastern areas of the Mediterranean were most heavily cultivated. Evidence also suggests that olives were being grown in Crete as long ago as 2,500 BC, the cultivation of olive trees in Crete became particularly intense in the post-palatial period and played an important role in the islands economy, as it did across the Mediterranean. Recent genetic studies suggest that species used by modern cultivators descend from multiple wild populations, Olive trees and oil production in the Eastern Mediterranean can be traced to archives of the ancient city-state Ebla, which were located on the outskirts of the Syrian city Aleppo. Here some dozen documents dated 2400 BC describe lands of the king and these belonged to a library of clay tablets perfectly preserved by having been baked in the fire that destroyed the palace. A later source is the frequent mentions of oil in the Tanakh, dynastic Egyptians before 2000 BC imported olive oil from Crete, Syria and Canaan and oil was an important item of commerce and wealth
21.
Hamburger
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A hamburger or burger is a sandwich consisting of one or more cooked patties of ground meat, usually beef, placed inside a sliced bread roll or bun. The patty may be pan fried, barbecued, or flame broiled, a hamburger topped with a slice of cheese is called cheeseburger. The term burger can also be applied to the meat patty on its own, especially in the UK where the term patty is rarely used, or the term can even refer simply to ground beef. The term may be prefixed with the type of meat or meat substitute used, as in turkey burger, bison burger, Hamburgers are sold at fast-food restaurants, diners, and specialty and high-end restaurants. There are many international and regional variations of the hamburger, the term hamburger originally derives from Hamburg, Germanys second-largest city. In German, Burg means castle, fortified settlement or fortified refuge and is a component of place names. The first element of the name is perhaps from Old High German hamma, referring to a bend in a river, or Middle High German hamme, referring to an enclosed area of pastureland. Hamburger in German is the demonym of Hamburg, similar to frankfurter and wiener, names for other meat-based foods and demonyms of the cities of Frankfurt and Vienna, there have been many claims about the origin of the hamburger, but the origins remain unclear. The popular book The Art of Cookery made Plain and Easy by Hannah Glasse included a recipe in 1758 as Hamburgh sausage, Hamburg steak is reported to have been served between two pieces of bread on the Hamburg America Line, which began operations in 1847. Each of these may mark the invention of the Hamburger, there is a reference to a Hamburg steak as early as 1884 in the Boston Journal. There have been claims by Charlie Nagreen, Frank and Charles Menches, Oscar Weber Bilby. White Castle traces the origin of the hamburger to Hamburg, Germany with its invention by Otto Kuase. However, it gained recognition at the 1904 St. Louis Worlds Fair when the New York Tribune referred to the hamburger as the innovation of a food vendor on the pike. No conclusive argument has ever ended the dispute over invention, an article from ABC News sums up, One problem is that there is little written history. Another issue is that the spread of the burger happened largely at the Worlds Fair, from vendors that came. And it is possible that more than one person came up with the idea at the same time in different parts of the country. Louis Lassen of Louis Lunch, a lunch wagon in New Haven, Connecticut, is said to have sold the first hamburger. A customer ordered a hot meal and Louis was out of steaks
22.
Talk show
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A talk show or chat show is a television programming or radio programming genre in which one person discusses various topics put forth by a talk show host. Usually, guests consist of a group of people who are learned or who have experience in relation to whatever issue is being discussed on the show for that episode. Other times, a single guest discusses their work or area of expertise with a host or co-hosts, a call-in show takes live phone calls from callers listening at home, in their cars, etc. Sometimes, guests are already seated but are introduced and enter from backstage. There have been many notable talk show hosts, in many cases, there are several major formats of talk shows. Generally, each subgenre predominates during a specific programming block during the broadcast day, Breakfast chat or early morning shows that generally alternate between news summaries, political coverage, feature stories, celebrity interviews, and musical performances. Late morning chat shows that two or more hosts or a celebrity panel, and focus on entertainment and lifestyle features. Daytime talk shows, generally featuring a host, a guest or a panel of guests, and these shows may feature celebrities, political commentators, or ordinary people who present unusual or controversial topics. The hosts are often comedians who open the shows with comedy monologues, Sunday talk or political discussion shows are a staple of network programming in North America. These shows feature elected political figures and candidates for office, commentators, syndicated daytime shows may appear overnight in some markets, and some afternoon programs have similar structures to late night talk shows. These formats may vary across different countries or markets, Late night talk shows are especially significant in the United States. Breakfast television is a staple of British television, the daytime talk format has become popular in Latin America as well as the United States. Talk-radio host Howard Stern also hosted a show that was syndicated nationally in the USA. The tabloid talk show genre, pioneered by Phil Donahue but popularized by Oprah Winfrey was extremely popular during the last two decades of the 20th century, politics are hardly the only subject of American talk shows, however. Sports talk shows are very popular ranging from high-budget shows like The Best Damn Sports Show Period to Max Kellermans original public-access television cable TV show Max on Boxing. Craigslistin in Philly is a show you can attend at Plays & Players theatre in Philadelphia. The host is Aaron and they comment on and invite acts, to be considered one just has to post on craigslist mentioning the show in your post helps. Talk shows had been broadcast on television since the earliest days of the medium, joe Franklin, an American radio and television personality, hosted the first television talk show
23.
The Oprah Winfrey Show
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The Oprah Winfrey Show, often referred to simply as Oprah, is an American syndicated tabloid talk show that aired nationally for 25 seasons from September 8,1986 to May 25,2011 in Chicago, Illinois. Produced and hosted by its namesake, Oprah Winfrey, it remains the highest-rated talk show in American television history, the show has been highly influential, and many of its topics have penetrated into the American pop-cultural consciousness. Winfrey has used the show as a platform, featuring book clubs, interviews, self-improvement segments. Oprah is one of the daytime television tabloid talk shows in history. The show received 47 Daytime Emmy Awards before Winfrey chose to stop submitting it for consideration in 2000, in 2002, TV Guide ranked it at #49 on TV Guides 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time. In 2013, they ranked it as the 19th greatest TV show of all time, the show has its roots in A. M. Chicago, a morning talk show airing on WLS-TV, an ABC owned-and-operated station in Chicago. Winfrey took over as host on January 2,1984 and, within a month, for the premiere, the shows producers tried rigorously to book Miami Vices Don Johnson as the first guest, even trying to bribe him with Dom Pérignon and a pair of rhinestone sunglasses. All attempts to book Johnson failed and Winfrey decided to do what we do best, the topic for the premiere show was How to Marry the Man or Woman of Your Choice. Early in the 12th season of The Oprah Winfrey Show, Winfrey confessed she was exhausted and considered quitting. However, while making the 1998 movie Beloved, Winfrey then admitted that it brought her back to her responsibility as a black woman with a great deal of power. She realized that being in such a position within the media industry, Winfrey was once again inspired to continue to help people take better control of their destinies, hence her slogan, Live Your Best Life. In the midst of doing Beloved, in a 2008 interview with Larry King, Winfrey announced that in 2011, although there would be a full season of her shows in that year, she would not renew her contract, thus ending the show. Winfrey interviewed a plethora of public figures and everyday people during the shows 25-year history, Winfrey claims her worst interviewing experience was with Elizabeth Taylor in the shows second season. Just before the interview, Taylor asked Winfrey not to ask any questions about her relationships, Winfrey found this to be a challenge considering Taylor had been married seven times. Taylor returned to the show in 1992, apologized to Winfrey and told her that she was in excruciating back, on February 10,1993, Winfrey sat down with Michael Jackson for what would become the most-watched interview in television history. Jackson, a private entertainer, had not given an interview in 14 years. The event was broadcast live from Jacksons Neverland Ranch and was watched by 90 million people worldwide, Jackson discussed missing out on a normal childhood and his strained relationship with his father, Joe Jackson
24.
Phil McGraw
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Phillip Calvin McGraw, known as Dr. Phil, is an American television personality, author, psychologist, and the host of the television show Dr. Phil, which debuted in 2002. McGraw first gained celebrity status with appearances on The Oprah Winfrey Show in the late 1990s, in 2015, Forbes listed his earnings at $70 million for the previous 12 months, and ranked him the 15th highest earning celebrity in the world. McGraw was born in Vinita, Oklahoma, the son of Anne Geraldine Jerry and Joseph J. Joe McGraw and he grew up with two older sisters, Deana and Donna, and younger sister Brenda in the oilfields of North Texas where his father was an equipment supplier. During McGraws childhood, his family moved so his father could pursue a goal of becoming a psychologist. McGraw attended Shawnee Mission North High School in Overland Park, Kansas, in 1968, he was awarded a football scholarship to the University of Tulsa, where he played middle linebacker under Coach Glenn Dobbs. On November 23 of that year, McGraws team lost to the University of Houston 100–6, Coach Dobbs retired after that season and McGraw transferred to Midwestern State University in Wichita Falls, Texas. McGraw graduated in 1975 from Midwestern State University with a B. A. in psychology, McGraw was guided through the doctoral program by Frank Lawlis, who later became the primary contributing psychologist for the Dr. Phil television show. After obtaining his doctorate, McGraw joined his father, Joe McGraw, in Wichita Falls, Texas, where the elder McGraw had established his private psychology practice. Critics claim that many of the phrases and the terminology and the quaint sayings used by McGraw on the Oprah and Dr. Phil shows were coined by Box and presented by McGraw in this seminar. McGraw admits that some of the material from Life Strategies, his first best-seller, is directly from the Pathways seminar. However, he has never mentioned Box or her contributions to his success in any of his books or TV shows. Eight years after joining Box, McGraw signed an agreement for the sale of his Pathways seminar stock for $325,000 without notifying either his father or Box of the impending sale, Box founded her own seminars entitled Choices. On October 21,1988, the Texas State Board of Examiners of Psychologists determined that McGraw had hired a former patient for part-time temporary employment and it specifically identified the therapeutic and business relationships as constituting McGraws sole issue with the board. McGraw fulfilled all terms of the requirements, and the board closed its complaint file in June 1990. In 1990, McGraw joined lawyer Gary Dobbs in co-founding Courtroom Sciences, eventually, CSI became a profitable enterprise, advising Fortune 500 companies and injured plaintiffs in achieving settlements. McGraw is no longer an officer or director of the company, after starting CSI, McGraw ceased the practice of psychology. He kept his license current and in good standing until he elected to retire it 15 years later in 2006, appearing on the Today Show in January 2008, McGraw said that he has made it very clear that his current work does not involve the practice of psychology. He also said that he had retired from psychology, according to the Today Show, the California Board of Psychology determined in 2002 that he did not require a license because his show involves entertainment rather than psychology
25.
Guy Fieri
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Guy Fieri is an American restaurateur, author, game show host, and television personality. He co-owns three restaurants in California, licenses his name to restaurants in New York City and Las Vegas, Nevada, by mid-2010, the Food Network had made Fieri the face of the network. Guy Fieri was born in Columbus, Ohio, the son of Penny Anne and he grew up in Ferndale, in rural Humboldt County, California. During high school, he was an exchange student to France. Fieri began his association with food in grade school in Ferndale, by selling pretzels from his Awesome Pretzel cart, on his return to the United States, he worked at the restaurant at the Red Lion Inn in Eureka, California until going to Las Vegas for college. Fieri attended the University of Nevada, Las Vegas and graduated with a Bachelor of Science in Hotel Management in 1990, soon after graduation, he went to work for Stouffers, as a Manager for a Long Beach, California restaurant. After three years in southern California, he became manager of Louises Trattoria, managing six locations along with recruiting and training for the restaurants. In late 1996, Fieri and business partner Steve Gruber opened Johnny Garlics, a second location opened in Windsor in 1999, a third in Petaluma in 2000 or 2001, and a fourth in Roseville in late 2008. Subsequently, they developed Tex Wasabis in 2003 in Santa Rosa, an additional Johnny Garlics was opened in Dublin, California in 2011. Fieri, for his part, accused Wells, the nation’s highest profile reviewer, in 2011, Fieri partnered with Carnival Cruise lines to create Guy’s Burger Joint to sell Fieris burgers fleet-wide. In April 2014, Guy Fieris Vegas Kitchen and Bar opened in Las Vegas, after winning the second season of The Next Food Network Star on April 23,2006, Fieri was awarded a six-episode commitment for his own cooking show on Food Network. Guys Big Bite premiered on June 25,2006, and continues, Diners, Drive-Ins and Dives, his second series, premiered in April 2007, with Fieri traveling the country visiting local eateries. The New York Times called the not a cooking show as much as a carefully engineered reality show. Ultimate Recipe Showdown, co-hosted with Marc Summers, debuted on February 17,2008, on September 14,2008, Guy Off the Hook debuted on Food Network. This special studio audience show aired through the end of 2008, but the extra cost of staging an audience show did not result in a ratings bump, for Thanksgiving 2008, Fieri hosted a one-hour special titled Guys Family Feast. He used the Guy Off the Hook set for the special, Fieri appeared on other Food Network programs such as Dinner, Impossible in 2007 and 2009, Paulas Party, Ace of Cakes, and The Best Thing I Ever Ate. In December 2009, NBC named Fieri as the host of the game show Minute to Win It, on May 13,2012, NBC announced that the game show would not be renewed for a third season, citing high production costs and low ratings. In January 2012, Fieri was one of the two captains in the Food Network reality series Rachael vs. Guy, Celebrity Cook-Off
26.
FHM
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FHM was a UK monthly mens lifestyle magazine. It contained features such as the FHM100 Sexiest Women in the World, on 17 November 2015, FHM announced on its website that it would be suspending publication. Circulation expanded to newsagents as a quarterly by the spring of 1987 and it subsequently dominated the mens market and began to expand internationally, being published in 27 countries including Pakistan and India. FHM was sold as part of the company sale, from EMAP to Hamburg based company Bauer Media Group in February 2008. On 17 November 2015, FHM announced their intention to suspend publication alongside that of mens magazine ZOO. Each of FHMs international editions publish yearly rankings for the sexiest women alive based on public, dates of magazine issues, winners, ages of winners at the time of selection, and pertinent comments are listed below. The data below refer only to the British edition, FHM was published in the following territories. The Girls of FHM List of mens magazines Official website
27.
Nightline
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Nightline is a late-night news program broadcast by ABC in the United States with a franchised formula to other networks and stations elsewhere in the world. Created by Roone Arledge, the program featured Ted Koppel as its anchor from March 1980 until his retirement in November 2005. It is currently anchored by Dan Harris, Byron Pitts and Juju Chang on an alternating basis, Nightline airs weeknights from 12,37 -1,07 a. m. Eastern Time after Jimmy Kimmel Live, which previously served as the programs lead-out from 2003 to 2012. In 2002, Nightline was ranked 23rd on TV Guides 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time and it has won three Peabody Awards, one in 2001, and two in 2002 for the reports Heart of Darkness and The Survivors. Through a video-sharing agreement with the BBC, Nightline also repackages some of the BBCs output for an American audience, segments from Nightline are also shown in a condensed form on ABCs overnight news program World News Now. There is also a version of Nightline for sister cable channel Fusion, the program had its beginnings on November 8,1979, just four days after the start of the Iran hostage crisis. ABC News president Roone Arledge felt that the best way to compete against NBCs The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson was to update Americans on the latest news from Iran. At that time, the show was called The Iran Crisis–America Held Hostage, Day xxx, originally, World News Tonight lead anchor Frank Reynolds hosted the 20-minute-long special reports. Shortly after its creation, Reynolds stopped hosting the program, Ted Koppel, then ABC Newss State Department Correspondent, took on the hosting duties. It was not until a few days later that a producer had the idea of displaying the number of days on America Held Hostage. At the end of the crisis in 1981, the program – which had been retitled the previous year as Nightline – had entrenched itself on ABCs programming schedule. ABC had previously used the title Night Line for a short-lived 1 a. m. talk show starring Les Crane that was broadcast over the networks New York City flagship station, WABC-TV, starting in 1963. The program originally aired four nights a week until 1982, when the comedy program Fridays was shifted to air after Nightline. By this time, the program had expanded to 30 minutes. For much of its history, the program prided itself on providing a mix of journalism and extended interviews. In 1983, ABC attempted to change the format to feature multiple topics and expand it to one hour. This switch proved to be unsuccessful, and after a few months, once the original format returned, reverting to a 31-minute structure, it remained unchanged through the end of Koppels tenure, it was changed following his retirement
28.
Cynthia McFadden
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Cynthia McFadden is an American television journalist who is currently the senior legal and investigative correspondent for NBC News. She was an anchor and correspondent for ABC News who co-anchored Nightline and she was with ABC News from 1994 to 2014 and joined NBC News in March 2014. Born in Lewiston, Maine, McFadden graduated Phi Beta Kappa and summa cum laude from Bowdoin College in Brunswick, Maine, afterward, she received her Juris Doctorate degree from Columbia Law School in New York City in 1984. From 1984 to 1991, McFadden was the producer of Fred Friendlys Media and Society seminars based at Columbia. She then joined the Courtroom Television Network as an anchor and producer in 1991, after working there for several years, she joined ABC News in 1994 as the networks legal correspondent, covering amongst other subjects the O. J. Simpson trial. Bashir left the program due to fallout from credibility problems from the disputed, the three tended to anchor in shifts, leading the show by themselves every third night. On March 29,2014, after two decades with ABC News, with the last nine years as a Nightline anchor, McFadden left and she serves as the senior legal and investigative correspondent, contributing to NBC’s investigative unit across all NBC News platforms. McFadden is a contributor for wowOwow. com, a web site launched in 2008 for women to discuss culture, politics and she has additionally hosted or co-hosted a number of documentaries and specials on ABC. She is co-chair of the board of IWMF, McFadden married Michael John Davies, editor and publisher of the Hartford Courant, on September 9,1989, they were divorced in 1996. She has a son with Foreign Affairs editor James Hoge, Spencer Graham McFadden Hoge and she is the executrix of the estate of longtime friend, actress Katharine Hepburn. She has Crohns disease and has public service announcements to raise awareness of the condition. McFadden practices Transcendental Meditation and has supported the work of the David Lynch Foundation. com Cynthia McFadden at wowOwow
29.
ABC News
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ABC News is the news division of the American Broadcasting Company, owned by the Disney Media Networks division of The Walt Disney Company. Television broadcasting was suspended, however, during World War II, regular television news broadcasts on ABC began soon after the network signed on its initial owned-and-operated television station and production center in New York City in August 1948. ABC news broadcasts have continued as the network expanded nationwide. However, from the 1950s through the early 1970s, ABC News programs consistently ranked third in viewership behind news programs on CBS and NBC. Arledge, known for experimenting with the broadcast model, created many of ABC News most popular and enduring programs, including 20/20, World News Tonight, This Week, Nightline and Primetime Live. In June 1998, ABC News, Nine Network and ITN sold their interests in Worldwide Television News to the Associated Press. 20/20 ABC World News Tonight America This Morning Good Morning America Nightline This Week What Would You Do, formerly known as ABC Radio News, ABC News Radio feeds, through Skyview Networks with newscasts on the hour to its affiliates. ABC News Radio is the largest commercial radio news organization in the US, Satellite News Channel was a joint venture between ABC News and Group W that started on June 21,1982 as a satellite-delivered cable television network. SNC used footage from ABC News and 7 Washington, D. C. -based crews, however, this channel had difficulty getting clearance from cable systems, so ABC News and Group W decided to sell it to its competitor, CNN. CNN ceased Satellite News Channels operations on October 27,1983, SNC was either replaced by CNN or CNN2 on most cable systems. Group W would eventually shut down 7 years later, in 1999 and it was offered via digital television, broadband and streaming video at ABCNews. com and on mobile phones. It delivered breaking news, headline news each hour, and wide range of entertainment. The channel was available in the United States and Europe and its Talk Back feature allowed viewers to voice their own input through the submission of videos and personal thoughts on controversial issues and current topics. It was shut down as a digital subchannel when Live Well Network was launched, ABC News Now was replaced on cable providers with Fusion on October 28,2013. Fusion is a cable and satellite network that is owned & operated by Fusion Media Network, LLC. ABC and Univision formally announced its launch on May 2,2012, Fusion was ABC News third attempt in the 24-hour cable news world after Satellite News Channel in 1982 and ABC News Now in 2004. In December 2015, it was reported that Disney was in talks to sell its stake in Fusion to Univision, the split was complete on April 21,2016. Several ABC News programs are broadcast daily on OSN News in MENA countries
30.
Meredith Corporation
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The Meredith Corporation is an American media conglomerate based in Des Moines, Iowa, USA. The company has two divisions, National Media and Local Media, as of 2015, the company employs 3,900 people. In 2013, the company had US$1.47 billion in revenues, edwin Thomas Meredith founded the company in 1902 when he began publishing Successful Farming magazine. In 1922, Meredith began publishing Fruit, Garden and Home magazine, two years later, this magazine was retitled Better Homes and Gardens, and the first issue cost a dime on the newsstand. In 1930, they published the first edition of The Better Homes, by 1928, the company had combined circulations of 2.5 million. The company went public in 1946 and was first listed on the New York Stock Exchange in 1965, following its initial public offering, Meredith began acquiring television stations, a strategy it has continued over the decades. The company has extended its media and marketing platform around the globe, through acquisitions, in recent years, Meredith has acquired allrecipes. com from Readers Digest Association, mywedding. com. Selectable Media, and Shape, Natural Health and Fit Pregnancy from American Media Inc, in February 2013, Meredith and Time Warner held discussions on a possible purchase of Time Inc. to Meredith. On September 8,2015, Media General announced the acquisition of Meredith Corporation in a cash, pending regulatory and shareholder approval, the deal was expected to be consummated in June 2016. The combined company would have operated under the name Meredith Media General, to comply with FCC ownership limits, the company would have divested and/or swapped stations in six markets. Media General shareholders would have controlled 65% of the company, with Meredith shareholders holding 35%, however, on January 27,2016, Nexstar Broadcasting Group announced that it would acquire Media General. In February 2017, it was reported that Meredith Corp. allrecipes. com mywedding. com The broadcasting division owns 15 television stations. Merediths broadcasting division also produces Better, which was conceived as a brand extension of BH&G. Since its inception in 2007 the show has placed an emphasis on celebrity interviews. There are also cooking demonstrations and regular features on health, beauty, fitness, the program currently airs on 80 stations nationwide. The purchase of KMOV was completed on February 28,2014, Stations are arranged in alphabetical order by state and city of license. Meredith also operates independent station WPCH-TV in Atlanta under a local marketing agreement with Time Warner subsidiary Turner Broadcasting System,1 Owned by SagamoreHill Broadcasting, Meredith operated KASW under a shared services agreement. 2 WCPX was acquired along with KPDX and WHNS when Meredith bought their parent company First Media, Meredith never held control of the station
31.
Nabisco
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Nabisco is an American manufacturer of cookies and snacks headquartered in East Hanover, New Jersey. The company is a subsidiary of Illinois-based Mondelēz International, belvita, Oreos, Ritz Crackers, Triscuits, and Wheat Thins for the United States, United Kingdom, Mexico, Bolivia, Venezuela, as well as other parts of South America. All Nabisco cookie or cracker products are branded Christie in Canada, prior to the Post Cereals merger, the cereal division kept the Nabisco name in Canada. The proof of purchase on their products is marketed as a brand seal, the Nabisco name became redundant in Canada after Kraft took over. Nabisco opened corporate offices as the National Biscuit Company in the worlds first skyscraper and it has been claimed in company promotional material to be an early European symbol for quality. In 1792, Pearson & Sons Bakery opened in Massachusetts and they made a biscuit called pilot bread for consumption on long sea voyages. Josiah Bent first coined the term crackers for a crunchy biscuit they produced in 1801, in 1889, William Moore acquired Pearson & Sons Bakery, Josiah Bent Bakery, and six other bakeries to start the New York Biscuit Company. Adolphus Green started the American Biscuit and Manufacturing Company in 1890 after acquiring 40 different bakeries, William Moore, Adolphus Green, and John G. Zeller merged in 1898 to form the National Biscuit Company. The name Nabisco is first used as part of a name for a sugar wafer in 1901, John G. Zeller was president of National Biscuit Company from 1923-1931. Nabisco celebrated its golden anniversary in 1948. By 1971, Nabisco had become the corporate name, in 1981, Nabisco merged with Standard Brands, which then merged with R. J. Kraft General Foods acquired Nabisco ready-to-eat cold cereals from RJR Nabisco in 1993, in 1999, Nabisco acquired Favorite Brands International. In 2000, Philip Morris Companies Inc. acquired Nabisco and merged it with Kraft Foods, in 2011, Kraft Foods announced it was splitting, making the snack-food business a separate company. Nabisco dates its founding to 1898, a decade when the business underwent a major consolidation. In 1898, the National Biscuit Company was formed from the combination of those three, the merger resulted in a company with 114 bakeries across the US and headquartered in New York City. The word biscuit is a term for what are now termed cookies and crackers in American English. Key to the founding of Nabisco was Pittsburgh baking mogul Sylvester S. Marvin, Marvin arrived in Pittsburgh in 1863 and established himself in the cracker business, founding S. S. Marvin Co. Its products included crackers, cakes, and breads, Marvin was called the Edison of manufacturing for his innovations in the bakery business. By 1888, it was the largest in the US, Marvin was also a member of the elite South Fork Fishing and Hunting Club of Johnstown Flood fame
32.
Dunkin' Donuts
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Dunkin Donuts is an American global donut company and coffeehouse chain based in Canton, Massachusetts, in Greater Boston. It was founded in 1950 by William Rosenberg in Quincy, Massachusetts, since its founding, the company has grown to become one of the largest coffee and baked goods chains in the world, with more than 12,000 restaurants in 36 countries. The chains products include donuts, bagels, other baked goods, before 1990, Dunkin Donuts primary competitor was Mister Donut, but in February of that year Mister Donut was acquired by Dunkin Donuts owner Allied-Lyons. After the acquisition of Mister Donut by Allied-Lyons, all Mister Donut stores in North America were offered the chance to change their name to Dunkin Donuts, as of 2014, Dunkin Donuts is owned by Dunkin Brands Inc. which also owns Baskin-Robbins and previously owned the Togos chain. In 1948, William Rosenberg opened Open Kettle, a restaurant selling donuts and coffee in Quincy, Massachusetts, in 1950, the restaurant was given the name Dunkin Donuts. Rosenberg conceived of the idea for the restaurant after his experiences selling food in factories and at construction sites, the restaurant was successful, and Rosenberg sold franchises of Dunkin Donuts to others starting in 1955. In 1963, Rosenberg’s son Robert became CEO of the company at the age of 25, in that same year, Dunkin’ Donuts opened its 100th location. Dunkin Donuts was at the time a subsidiary of Universal Food Systems, and Dunkin Donuts locations varied greatly, with some selling full breakfasts and other food and others serving only donuts and coffee. In the following years, the businesses in the Universal Food Systems portfolio were sold or closed. The menu and shop format were standardized, and various new items were introduced. In 1990, Allied Lyons, which already owned Baskin-Robbins, purchased Dunkin Donuts, by 1998, the brand had grown to 2,500 locations worldwide with $2 billion in annual sales. In 2006, Dunkin Donuts began using the slogan America Runs on Dunkin which continues to be used in advertisement campaigns. By 2010, Dunkin Donuts global system-wide sales were $6 billion, in 2012, Dunkin Donuts launched an application for payment and gifting for iPhone, iPod touch, and Android smartphones. Dunkin Donuts has several varieties of donuts, however, only 8% of the chains sales are donuts, 65% are drinks, and 27% are other food items. There are also ice coffees, lattes, and macchiatos that can have such as caramel, hazelnut. Seasonal flavors are also presented to customers for a duration of time. During the fall, customers can also choose pumpkin or salted caramel as a flavor, during the winter, customers can have peppermint hot chocolate. Since October 18,2007, Dunkin Donuts locations in the United States have reduced trans fats from their menu items by switching to a blend of oils, palm, soybean, international locations are expected to adopt the change over time
33.
Coffee
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Coffee is a brewed drink prepared from roasted coffee beans, which are the seeds of berries from the Coffea plant. The genus Coffea is native to tropical Africa, and Madagascar, the two most commonly grown are the highly regarded arabica, and the less sophisticated but stronger and more hardy robusta. Once ripe, coffee berries are picked, processed, and dried, dried coffee seeds are roasted to varying degrees, depending on the desired flavor. Roasted beans are ground and brewed with boiling water to produce coffee as a beverage. Coffee is slightly acidic and can have an effect on humans because of its caffeine content. Coffee is one of the most popular drinks in the world and it can be prepared and presented in a variety of ways. It is usually served hot, although iced coffee is also served, the earliest credible evidence of coffee-drinking appears in the middle of the 15th century in the Sufi shrines of Yemen. It was here in Arabia that coffee seeds were first roasted and brewed in a way to how it is now prepared. Coffee seeds were first exported from East Africa to Yemen, as the coffea arabica plant is thought to have been indigenous to the former, yemeni traders took coffee back to their homeland and began to cultivate the seed. By the 16th century, it had reached Persia, Turkey, from there, it spread to Europe and the rest of the world. Coffee is an export commodity, it is the top agricultural export for numerous countries and is among the worlds largest legal agricultural exports. It is one of the most valuable commodities exported by developing countries, green coffee is one of the most traded agricultural commodities in the world. Consequently, the markets for fair trade coffee and organic coffee are expanding. The first reference to coffee in the English language is in the form chaona, dated to 1598 and understood to be a misprint of chaoua, equivalent, in the orthography of the time, to chaova. This term and coffee both derive from the Ottoman Turkish kahve, by way of the Italian caffè and it has also been proposed that the source may be the Proto-Central Semitic root q-h-h meaning dark. Alternatively, the word Khat, a plant widely used as stimulant in Yemen and Ethiopia before being supplanted by coffee has been suggested as a possible origin, the expression coffee break was first attested in 1952. The term coffee pot dates from 1705, other accounts attribute the discovery of coffee to Sheikh Omar. According to the ancient chronicle, Omar, who was known for his ability to cure the sick through prayer, was exiled from Mocha in Yemen to a desert cave near Ousab
34.
Pit bull
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Pit bull is the common name for a type of dog. Formal breeds often considered in North America to be of the pit bull type include the American Pit Bull Terrier, American Staffordshire Terrier, American Bully, the American Bulldog is also sometimes included. Many of these breeds were developed as fighting dogs from cross breeding bull-baiting dogs. After the use of dogs in sports was banned, such dogs were used as catch dogs in the United States for semi-wild cattle and hogs, to hunt and drive livestock. Despite dog fighting now being illegal in the United States, it exists as an underground activity. Pit bulls were created by breeding bulldogs and terriers together to produce a dog that combined the gameness, in the United Kingdom, these dogs were used in blood sports such as bull-baiting and bear-baiting. These blood sports were eliminated in 1835 as Britain began to introduce animal welfare laws. Since dogfights were cheaper to organize and far easier to conceal from the law than bull or bear baits, dog fighting was used as both a blood sport and a way to continue to test the quality of their stock. For decades afterwards, dog fighting took place in small areas of Britain. In the early 20th century pit bulls were used as dogs in America for semi-wild cattle and hogs, to hunt, and drive livestock. Some have been bred for their fighting prowess. Pit bulls successfully fill the role of dogs, police dogs. Pit bulls also constitute the majority of dogs used for dog fighting in America. In addition, law enforcement organisations report these dogs are used for nefarious purposes, such as guarding illegal narcotics operations, use against police. 60 temperament-screened dogs were adopted until the program was halted, after several of the newly adopted pit bulls killed cats. The New York City Center for Animal Care and Control tried a similar approach in 2004, relabeling their pit bulls as New Yorkies, but dropped the idea in the face of overwhelming public opposition. Violent interactions between humans and canines have been studied by the US government, notably the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, the interpretation of these studies, breed identification and relevance issues, and variable circumstances have given rise to intense controversy. In a 2013 study of 256 fatalities in the United States from 2000–2009, contrary to popular myth, pit bulls do not have locking jaws
35.
PulteGroup
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Centex Corporation was a home builder founded and headquartered in Dallas, Texas. The company was acquired by rival Pulte Homes in 2009 for 1.6 billion dollars, Centex Homes were the main contractors of Cinderella Castle at Magic Kingdom, Walt Disney World, Orlando Florida USA. The first building erected was a cement plant. The builder was bought out by Pulte in 2009 and is now part of a company called the Pulte Group. The larger company consists of Pulte Homes, Centex Homes, Del Webb Homes, Centex Destination Properties Centex Homes Centex Insurance Centex Title CTX Mortgage Fox & Jacobs Homes Press Release Official Site CTX Mortgage Centex Title Centex Insurance
36.
Montalcino
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Montalcino is a hill town and comune in Tuscany, Italy. It is famous for its Brunello di Montalcino wine, the town is located to the west of Pienza, close to the Crete Senesi in Val dOrcia. It is 42 kilometres from Siena,110 kilometres from Florence and 150 kilometres from Pisa, the Monte Amiata is located nearby. The hill upon which Montalcino sits has probably been settled since Etruscan times and its first mention in historical documents in 814 AD suggests there was a church here in the 9th century, most likely built by monks associated with the nearby Abbey of SantAntimo. The population grew suddenly in the middle of the tenth century, the town takes its name from a variety of oak tree that once covered the terrain. The very high site of the town offers stunning views over the Asso, Ombrone and Arbia valleys of Tuscany, dotted with silvery olive orchards, vineyards, fields, the lower slopes of the Montalcino hill itself are dominated by highly productive vines and olive orchards. During medieval times the city was known for its tanneries and for the shoes, as time went by, many medieval hill towns, including Montalcino, went into serious economic decline. Like many of the towns of Tuscany, Montalcino experienced long periods of peace. This peace and prosperity was, however, interrupted by a number of violent episodes. Factions from each side controlled the town at times in the late medieval period. The number of producers of the wine has grown from only 11 in the 1960s to more than 200 today, Brunello was the first wine to be awarded Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita status. The first walls of the town were built in the 13th century, the fortress, built in 1361 atop the highest point of the town, was designed with a pentagonal layout by the Sienese architects Mino Foresi and Domenico di Feo. The narrow, short street leads down from the gate of the fortress to the Chiesa di SantAgostino with its simple 13th-century. The collection also includes a St Peter and St Paul by Ambrogio Lorenzetti, there are also modern works from the early 20th century in the museum. The Duomo, dedicated to San Salvatore, was originally in the 14th Century. The Piazza della Principessa Margherita is down the hill from the fortress, the principal building on the piazza is the former Palazzo dei Priori or Palazzo Comunale, now town hall. The palace is adorned with the coats of arms of the Podesta, a tall medieval tower is incorporated into the palazzo. Twice a year they meet together in a breath taking archery contest under the walls of the Fortezza, conducted in Medieval dress, with lords, the 13th-century church of San Francesco in the Castlevecchio contrada has undergone several renovations
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Tuscany
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Tuscany is a region in central Italy with an area of about 23,000 square kilometres and a population of about 3.8 million inhabitants. Tuscany is known for its landscapes, traditions, history, artistic legacy, Tuscany produces wines, including Chianti, Vino Nobile di Montepulciano, Morellino di Scansano and Brunello di Montalcino. Having a strong linguistic and cultural identity, it is considered a nation within a nation. Tuscany is traditionally a popular destination in Italy, and the main tourist destinations by number of tourist arrivals are Florence, Pisa, Montecatini Terme, Castiglione della Pescaia and Grosseto. The village of Castiglione della Pescaia is also the most visited destination in the region. Additionally, Siena, Lucca, the Chianti region, Versilia and Val dOrcia are also internationally renowned, Tuscany has over 120 protected nature reserves, making Tuscany and its capital Florence popular tourist destinations that attract millions of tourists every year. In 2012, the city of Florence was the worlds 89th most visited city, roughly triangular in shape, Tuscany borders the regions of Liguria to the northwest, Emilia-Romagna to the north and east, Umbria to the east and Lazio to the southeast. The comune of Badia Tedalda, in the Tuscan Province of Arezzo, has an exclave named Ca Raffaello within Emilia-Romagna, Tuscany has a western coastline on the Tyrrhenian Sea, containing the Tuscan Archipelago, of which the largest island is Elba. Tuscany has an area of approximately 22,993 square kilometres, surrounded and crossed by major mountain chains, and with few plains, the region has a relief that is dominated by hilly country used for agriculture. Hills make up nearly two-thirds of the total area, covering 15,292 square kilometres, and mountains. Plains occupy 8. 4% of the total area—1,930 square kilometres —mostly around the valley of the River Arno, many of Tuscanys largest cities lie on the banks of the Arno, including the capital Florence, Empoli and Pisa. The pre-Etruscan history of the area in the late Bronze and Iron Ages parallels that of the early Greeks, following this, the Villanovan culture saw Tuscany, and the rest of Etruria, taken over by chiefdoms. City-states developed in the late Villanovan before Orientalization occurred and the Etruscan civilization rose, the Etruscans created the first major civilization in this region, large enough to establish a transport infrastructure, to implement agriculture and mining and to produce vibrant art. The Etruscans lived in Etruria well into prehistory, throughout their existence, they lost territory to Magna Graecia, Carthage and Celts. Despite being seen as distinct in its manners and customs by contemporary Greeks, the cultures of Greece, one reason for its eventual demise was this increasing absorption by surrounding cultures, including the adoption of the Etruscan upper class by the Romans. Soon after absorbing Etruria, Rome established the cities of Lucca, Pisa, Siena, and Florence, endowed the area with new technologies and development, and ensured peace. These developments included extensions of existing roads, introduction of aqueducts and sewers, however, many of these structures have been destroyed by erosion due to weather. The Roman civilization in the West collapsed in the 5th century AD, in the years following 572, the Longobards arrived and designated Lucca the capital of their Duchy of Tuscia
38.
Bartender
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A bartender is a person who formulates and serves alcoholic beverages behind the bar, usually in a licensed establishment. Bartenders also usually maintain the supplies and inventory for the bar, a bartender can generally mix classic cocktails such as a Cosmopolitan, Manhattan, Old Fashioned, and Mojito. The bartending profession was generally a second occupation, used as work for students to gain customer experience or to save money for university fees. This however is changing around the world and bartending has become a profession by choice rather than necessity, in America, where tipping is a local custom, bartenders depend on tips for most of their income. Bartenders are also responsible for confirming that customers meet the legal drinking age requirements before serving them alcoholic beverages. In certain countries, such as the United Kingdom and Sweden, as such, it lacks traditional employment protections and therefore has a high turnover. The high turnover of staff due to low wages and poor employee benefits results in a shortage of skilled bartenders, some pubs prefer experienced staff, although pub chains tend to accept inexperienced staff and provide training. Tipping bartenders in the United Kingdom is not considered mandatory but is appreciated by the bartender. Bartenders may attend special schools or learn while on the job, Bartenders in the United States may work in a large variety of bars. These include hotel bars, restaurant bars, sports bars, gay bars, piano bars, also growing in popularity is the portable bar, which can be moved to different venues and special events. Bar-back, a bartenders assistant Hospitality List of bartenders List of public house topics List of restaurant terminology Tavern Media related to Bartenders at Wikimedia Commons
