Rafsanjan is a city in the Central District of Rafsanjan County, Kerman province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district.

Kerman province is the largest of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is in the southeast of Iran, with its capital in the city of Kerman. In 2014 it was placed in Region 5. Mentioned in ancient times as the Achaemenid satrapy of Carmania, Kerman province has an area of 183,285 km2 (70,767 sq mi), encompassing nearly 11% of the land area of Iran.