1.
Album
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Album, is a collection of audio recordings issued as a single item on CD, record, audio tape, or another medium. Albums of recorded music were developed in the early 20th century, first as books of individual 78rpm records, vinyl LPs are still issued, though in the 21st century album sales have mostly focused on compact disc and MP3 formats. The audio cassette was a format used from the late 1970s through to the 1990s alongside vinyl, an album may be recorded in a recording studio, in a concert venue, at home, in the field, or a mix of places. Recording may take a few hours to years to complete, usually in several takes with different parts recorded separately. Recordings that are done in one take without overdubbing are termed live, the majority of studio recordings contain an abundance of editing, sound effects, voice adjustments, etc. With modern recording technology, musicians can be recorded in separate rooms or at times while listening to the other parts using headphones. Album covers and liner notes are used, and sometimes additional information is provided, such as analysis of the recording, historically, the term album was applied to a collection of various items housed in a book format. In musical usage the word was used for collections of pieces of printed music from the early nineteenth century. Later, collections of related 78rpm records were bundled in book-like albums, the LP record, or 33 1⁄3 rpm microgroove vinyl record, is a gramophone record format introduced by Columbia Records in 1948. It was adopted by the industry as a standard format for the album. Apart from relatively minor refinements and the important later addition of stereophonic sound capability, the term album had been carried forward from the early nineteenth century when it had been used for collections of short pieces of music. Later, collections of related 78rpm records were bundled in book-like albums, as part of a trend of shifting sales in the music industry, some commenters have declared that the early 21st century experienced the death of the album. Sometimes shorter albums are referred to as mini-albums or EPs, Albums such as Tubular Bells, Amarok, Hergest Ridge by Mike Oldfield, and Yess Close to the Edge, include fewer than four tracks. There are no rules against artists such as Pinhead Gunpowder referring to their own releases under thirty minutes as albums. These are known as box sets, material is stored on an album in sections termed tracks, normally 11 or 12 tracks. A music track is a song or instrumental recording. The term is associated with popular music where separate tracks are known as album tracks. When vinyl records were the medium for audio recordings a track could be identified visually from the grooves
2.
Alice in Chains
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Alice in Chains is an American rock band formed in Seattle, Washington, in 1987 by guitarist and songwriter Jerry Cantrell and original lead vocalist Layne Staley. The initial lineup was rounded out by drummer Sean Kinney and bassist Mike Starr, although widely associated with grunge music, the bands sound incorporates heavy metal elements. Since its formation, Alice in Chains has released five studio albums, the band is known for its distinctive vocal style, which often included the harmonized vocals of Staley and Cantrell. Alice in Chains rose to fame as part of the grunge movement of the early 1990s, along with other Seattle bands such as Nirvana, Pearl Jam. The band was one of the most successful acts of the 1990s, selling over 20 million records worldwide. In 1992 the bands album, Dirt, was released to critical acclaim and was certified quadruple platinum. Their third album, Alice in Chains, was released in 1995 and has been certified double platinum and it achieved No.1 position on the Billboard 200 chart. The band has had 14 top ten songs on the Mainstream Rock Tracks chart, although never officially disbanding, Alice in Chains was plagued by extended inactivity from 1996 onwards due to Staleys substance abuse, which resulted in his death in 2002. The band reunited in 2005 for a benefit show, performing with a number of guest vocalists. They toured in 2006, with William DuVall taking over as lead vocalist full-time, the new line-up released the bands fourth studio album, Black Gives Way to Blue, in 2009. The album received gold certification by the RIAA, in 2013, the band released The Devil Put Dinosaurs Here, its fifth studio album. The band has toured extensively and released videos in support of these albums. Alice in Chains is currently working on their studio album. Other members of this group at that time were guitarists Johnny Bacolas and Zoli Semanate, drummer James Bergstrom and this was prompted by a conversation that Bacolas had with a singer from another band about backstage passes. Staley met guitarist Jerry Cantrell while working with Alice N Chains at Music Bank rehearsal studios, the two struggling musicians became roommates, living in a rehearsal space they shared. Alice N Chains soon disbanded, and Staley joined a band that also required a guitarist at the time. Staley asked Cantrell to join as a sideman, Cantrell agreed on condition that Staley join Cantrells band, which at the time included drummer Sean Kinney and bassist Mike Starr. Local promoter Randy Hauser became aware of the band at a concert, however, one day before the band was due to record at the Music Bank studio in Washington, police shut down the studio during the biggest cannabis raid in the history of the state
3.
Seattle
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Seattle is a seaport city on the west coast of the United States and the seat of King County, Washington. With an estimated 684,451 residents as of 2015, Seattle is the largest city in both the state of Washington and the Pacific Northwest region of North America. In July 2013, it was the major city in the United States. The city is situated on an isthmus between Puget Sound and Lake Washington, about 100 miles south of the Canada–United States border, a major gateway for trade with Asia, Seattle is the fourth-largest port in North America in terms of container handling as of 2015. The Seattle area was inhabited by Native Americans for at least 4,000 years before the first permanent European settlers. Arthur A. Denny and his group of travelers, subsequently known as the Denny Party, arrived from Illinois via Portland, the settlement was moved to the eastern shore of Elliott Bay and named Seattle in 1852, after Chief Siahl of the local Duwamish and Suquamish tribes. Logging was Seattles first major industry, but by the late-19th century, growth after World War II was partially due to the local Boeing company, which established Seattle as a center for aircraft manufacturing. The Seattle area developed as a technology center beginning in the 1980s, in 1994, Internet retailer Amazon was founded in Seattle. The stream of new software, biotechnology, and Internet companies led to an economic revival, Seattle has a noteworthy musical history. From 1918 to 1951, nearly two dozen jazz nightclubs existed along Jackson Street, from the current Chinatown/International District, to the Central District, the jazz scene developed the early careers of Ray Charles, Quincy Jones, Ernestine Anderson, and others. Seattle is also the birthplace of rock musician Jimi Hendrix and the alternative rock subgenre grunge, archaeological excavations suggest that Native Americans have inhabited the Seattle area for at least 4,000 years. By the time the first European settlers arrived, the people occupied at least seventeen villages in the areas around Elliott Bay, the first European to visit the Seattle area was George Vancouver, in May 1792 during his 1791–95 expedition to chart the Pacific Northwest. In 1851, a party led by Luther Collins made a location on land at the mouth of the Duwamish River. Thirteen days later, members of the Collins Party on the way to their claim passed three scouts of the Denny Party, members of the Denny Party claimed land on Alki Point on September 28,1851. The rest of the Denny Party set sail from Portland, Oregon, after a difficult winter, most of the Denny Party relocated across Elliott Bay and claimed land a second time at the site of present-day Pioneer Square, naming this new settlement Duwamps. For the next few years, New York Alki and Duwamps competed for dominance, david Swinson Doc Maynard, one of the founders of Duwamps, was the primary advocate to name the settlement after Chief Sealth of the Duwamish and Suquamish tribes. The name Seattle appears on official Washington Territory papers dated May 23,1853, in 1855, nominal land settlements were established. On January 14,1865, the Legislature of Territorial Washington incorporated the Town of Seattle with a board of managing the city
4.
Nashville, Tennessee
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Nashville is the capital of the U. S. state of Tennessee and the county seat of Davidson County. It is located on the Cumberland River in the central part of the state. The city is a center for the music, healthcare, publishing, banking and transportation industries and it is known as a center of the country music industry, earning it the nickname Music City, U. S. A. Since 1963, Nashville has had a consolidated city-county government which includes six municipalities in a two-tier system. Nashville is governed by a mayor, vice-mayor, and 40-member Metropolitan Council, thirty-five of the members are elected from single-member districts, five are elected at-large. Reflecting the citys position in government, Nashville is home to the Tennessee Supreme Courts courthouse for Middle Tennessee. According to 2015 estimates from the U. S. Census Bureau, the balance population, which excludes semi-independent municipalities within Nashville, was 654,610. The 2015 population of the entire 13-county Nashville metropolitan area was 1,830,345, the 2015 population of the Nashville-Davidson–Murfreesboro–Columbia combined statistical area, a larger trade area, was 1,951,644. The town of Nashville was founded by James Robertson, John Donelson, and it was named for Francis Nash, the American Revolutionary War hero. Nashville quickly grew because of its location, accessibility as a port on the Cumberland River, a tributary of the Ohio River. By 1800, the city had 345 residents, including 136 African American slaves and 14 free blacks, in 1806, Nashville was incorporated as a city and became the county seat of Davidson County, Tennessee. In 1843, the city was named the permanent capital of the state of Tennessee, by 1860, when the first rumblings of secession began to be heard across the South, antebellum Nashville was a prosperous city. The citys significance as a port made it a desirable prize as a means of controlling important river. In February 1862, Nashville became the first state capital to fall to Union troops, the state was occupied by Union troops for the duration of the war. Within a few years after the Civil War, the Nashville chapter of the Ku Klux Klan was founded by Confederate veteran John W. Morton, meanwhile, the city had reclaimed its important shipping and trading position and developed a solid manufacturing base. The post–Civil War years of the late 19th century brought new prosperity to Nashville and these healthy economic times left the city with a legacy of grand classical-style buildings, which can still be seen around the downtown area. Circa 1950 the state approved a new city charter that provided for the election of city council members from single-member districts. This change was supported because at-large voting diluted the minority populations political power in the city and they could seldom gain a majority of the population to support a candidate of their choice
5.
Jerry Cantrell
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Jerry Fulton Cantrell Jr. is an American musician who is best known as the founder, lead guitarist, co-lead vocalist and main songwriter for the rock band Alice in Chains. He also has a career and released the albums Boggy Depot in 1998. Cantrell noted in an interview that he was raised on music as a youth. He also considers himself half Yankee and half redneck, however, hard rock music caught Cantrells interest predominantly, and he bought his first guitar in his mid teens. It would not be until the age of 17 that he began playing the instrument. Cantrell would later cite guitarists such as Ace Frehley, Tony Iommi, Angus Young, Jimmy Page, Glenn Tipton, downing, David Gilmour and Eddie Van Halen as major influences. Cantrell attended junior high and high school in Spanaway, Washington and, in his senior year Cantrell became choir president, and the quartet sang the national anthem at basketball games and won competitions with the highest marks achievable. Cantrell has cited his interest in dark tones as dating back to this period. His choir teacher and drama teacher were, early on, his two greatest motivators toward a career in music, when Alice in Chains first album went gold, Cantrell sent both teachers a gold record. Cantrells parents divorced when he was seven, and his mother died in 1987 when he was 21 years old, in the mid-1980s, Cantrell began a band called Diamond Lie which included drummer Bobby Nesbitt and bassist Mike Starr. Layne Staley, a vocalist and Cantrells roommate, also agreed to join on the condition that Cantrell join his funk project, Diamond Lie gained attention in the Seattle area and eventually took the name of Alice N Chainz, then renamed Alice in Chains. Cantrells guitar contribution gave a heavy metal edge to the bands basic grunge style, the band reformed in 2005 with its surviving members. Although Cantrell acknowledges the benefits of working as a solo artist, he expressed his happiness with being back in the band culture. On September 29,2009, Alice in Chains, with William DuVall as co-vocalist, released their first record since the death of Layne Staley, Black Gives Way to Blue, and toured in support of the album. The band released their studio album, The Devil Put Dinosaurs Here. Cantrells career outside Alice in Chains has consisted of two albums, as well as many appearances with other musicians and on film soundtracks. His first solo material came in a song entitled Leave Me Alone and this was released exclusively on The Cable Guy soundtrack in 1996, featuring Alice in Chains drummer Sean Kinney. It had a video and reached Number 14 on Billboards Mainstream Rock Tracks
6.
Los Angeles
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Los Angeles, officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L. A. is the cultural, financial, and commercial center of Southern California. With a census-estimated 2015 population of 3,971,883, it is the second-most populous city in the United States, Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated county in the United States. The citys inhabitants are referred to as Angelenos, historically home to the Chumash and Tongva, Los Angeles was claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542 along with the rest of what would become Alta California. The city was founded on September 4,1781, by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve. It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence, in 1848, at the end of the Mexican–American War, Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, thereby becoming part of the United States. Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4,1850, the discovery of oil in the 1890s brought rapid growth to the city. The completion of the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913, delivering water from Eastern California, nicknamed the City of Angels, Los Angeles is known for its Mediterranean climate, ethnic diversity, and sprawling metropolis. Los Angeles also has an economy in culture, media, fashion, science, sports, technology, education, medicine. A global city, it has been ranked 6th in the Global Cities Index, the city is home to renowned institutions covering a broad range of professional and cultural fields, and is one of the most substantial economic engines within the United States. The Los Angeles combined statistical area has a gross metropolitan product of $831 billion, making it the third-largest in the world, after the Greater Tokyo and New York metropolitan areas. The city has hosted the Summer Olympic Games in 1932 and 1984 and is bidding to host the 2024 Summer Olympics and thus become the second city after London to have hosted the Games three times. The Los Angeles area also hosted the 1994 FIFA mens World Cup final match as well as the 1999 FIFA womens World Cup final match, the mens event was watched on television by over 700 million people worldwide. The Los Angeles coastal area was first settled by the Tongva, a Gabrielino settlement in the area was called iyáangẚ, meaning poison oak place. Gaspar de Portolà and Franciscan missionary Juan Crespí, reached the present site of Los Angeles on August 2,1769, in 1771, Franciscan friar Junípero Serra directed the building of the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel, the first mission in the area. The Queen of the Angels is an honorific of the Virgin Mary, two-thirds of the settlers were mestizo or mulatto with a mixture of African, indigenous and European ancestry. The settlement remained a small town for decades, but by 1820. Today, the pueblo is commemorated in the district of Los Angeles Pueblo Plaza and Olvera Street. New Spain achieved its independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821, during Mexican rule, Governor Pío Pico made Los Angeles Alta Californias regional capital
7.
Jim Henson Company Lot
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The Jim Henson Company Lot is a studio property located just south of the southeast corner of La Brea Avenue and Sunset Boulevard in Hollywood. It was built in 1917 by film star Charlie Chaplin, in 1969, it was designated as a Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument. In October 1917, Charlie Chaplin announced plans to build his own studio at the southeast corner of La Brea. In his autobiography, Chaplin described the decision as follows, At the end of the Mutual contract, I was anxious to get started with First National, I decided to buy land in Hollywood and build one. The site was the corner of Sunset and La Brea and had a very fine house and five acres of lemon, orange. We built a unit, complete with developing plant, cutting room. Chaplin purchased the site from R. S, mcClellan, who lived on the site and had a large grove of orange trees on the property. The lot had 300 feet of frontage on Sunset and 600 feet on La Brea, extending south to De Longpre. Chaplin announced he would make his home on the part of the property. Chaplins plans for six English-style buildings, arranged as to give the effect of a picturesque English village street, were published in the Los Angeles Times in October 1917. The plans were prepared by the Milwaukee Building Company, and the investment was estimated to be in the region of $100,000. The layout of the buildings was described by the Los Angeles Times in 2002 as a cottage complex. Another writer has described the style as eccentric Peter Pan architecture, however, the City Council voted 8–1 to approve Chaplins permit. Chaplin reportedly built his English cottage-style studio in three months beginning in November 1917, at a reported cost of only $35,000, the DVD collection titled Chaplin Collection includes Chaplins 1918 film How to Make Movies, which depicts the studios construction in time-lapse photography. Construction of the studios was completed in approximately 1919, Chaplin preserved a large existing residence on the northern end of the property, and planned to live there, but never in fact did. Various studio personnel lived there over the years, including his brother Sydney Chaplin, the English cottages along La Brea served as the facade for offices, a screening room, and a film laboratory. The grounds included stables, a pool and tennis courts. The central part of the property, which was originally an orchard, became the backlot, many of Chaplins classic films were shot at the studios, including The Kid, The Gold Rush, City Lights, Modern Times, The Great Dictator, Monsieur Verdoux, and Limelight
8.
Pasadena, California
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Pasadena /ˌpæsəˈdiːnə/ is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. As of 2013, the population of Pasadena was 139,731. Pasadena is the ninth-largest city in Los Angeles County, Pasadena was incorporated on June 19,1886, becoming one of the first cities be incorporated in what is now Los Angeles County, the only one being incorporated earlier being its namesake. It is one of the cultural centers of the San Gabriel Valley. The city is known for hosting the annual Rose Bowl football game, the original inhabitants of Pasadena and surrounding areas were members of the Native American Hahamog-na tribe, a branch of the Tongva Nation. They spoke the Tongva language and had lived in the Los Angeles Basin for thousands of years, Tongva dwellings lined the Arroyo Seco in present day Pasadena and south to where it joins the Los Angeles River and along other natural waterways in the city. The native people lived in thatched, dome-shape lodges and they lived on a diet of acorn meal, seeds and herbs, venison, and other small animals. They traded for fish with the coastal Tongva. They made cooking vessels from steatite soapstone from Catalina Island, the trail has been in continuous use for thousands of years. An arm of the trail is still in use in what is now known as Salvia Canyon. When the Spanish occupied the Los Angeles Basin they built the San Gabriel Mission and renamed the local Tongva people Gabrielino Indians, today, several bands of Tongva people live in the Los Angeles area. The Rancho comprised the lands of todays communities of Pasadena, Altadena, before the annexation of California in 1848, the last of the Mexican owners was Manuel Garfias who retained title to the property after statehood in 1850. Garfias sold sections of the property to the first Anglo settlers to come into the area, Dr. Benjamin Eaton, the father of Fred Eaton, much of the property was purchased by Benjamin Wilson, who established his Lake Vineyard property in the vicinity. Wilson, known as Don Benito to the local Indians, also owned the Rancho Jurupa and was mayor of Los Angeles and he was the grandfather of WWII General George S. Patton, Jr. and the namesake of Mount Wilson. Berry was an asthmatic and claimed that he had his best three nights sleep at Rancho San Pascual, to keep the find a secret, Berry code-named the area Muscat after the grape that Wilson grew. To raise funds to bring the company of people to San Pascual, Berry formed the Southern California Orange and Citrus Growers Association and sold stock in it. The newcomers were able to purchase a portion of the property along the Arroyo Seco and on January 31,1874. As a gesture of good will, Wilson added 2,000 acres of then-useless highland property, at the time, the Indiana Colony was a narrow strip of land between the Arroyo Seco and Fair Oaks Avenue
9.
BMG Rights Management
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BMG Rights Management GmbH is an international music company focused on the management of music publishing, recording rights and music distribution. The company operates as a division of the media conglomerate Bertelsmann. The company was established in 2008 as a joint venture between Bertelsmann and the private equity firm Kohlberg Kravis Roberts. In March 2013, Bertelsmann took over BMG by acquiring KKRs shares, making BMG a fully owned subsidiary of the Bertelsmann group. The companys head office is in Berlin, and it operates offices in New York, Nashville, Los Angeles, London, Madrid, Paris, Stockholm, Hilversum, Beijing, Toronto, Sydney. BMG is the youngest major international company in the music industry, the formation of the company was first announced in October 2008 shortly following Bertelsmanns sale of its music interests to Sony Music Entertainment. BMG opened their first offices in January 2009 in Paris, London, Milan, Madrid, Amsterdam, the company trades under the name BMG Chrysalis in the United States of America, the United Kingdom and Sweden. BMG in 2010 made its biggest acquisition at the time with the purchase of Cherry Lane Music, the Cherry Lane roster of clients includes Elvis Presley, John Denver, the Black Eyed Peas, etc. The acquisition gave BMG a major presence in the U. S, in 2012, BMG was the fourth-largest music publisher in the world, based on revenue. BMG acquired Sanctuary Records Group from Universal Music Group for over €45 million in February 2013, the previous BMG had distributed Sanctuary in certain territories. The deal was approved by the EU in May 2013, in March 2013, Bertelsmann took over BMG by acquiring KKRs shares, making BMG a fully owned subsidiary of the Bertelsmann group. In 2014, it was the most successful publisher in Germany. Soon after completing its acquisition of Mute Records and Sanctuary, BMG arranged for INgrooves to distribute the catalogues in North America, also, Depeche Mode will be distributed through Sony Music Entertainment, while Black Sabbath remained at Universal Music Group until March 2014. Then in 2014, BMG signed multi-platinum selling group Day26, in November 2014, BMG acquired Union Square Music. BMG completed the purchase of Oregon-based metal and hard rock label Rise Records, home to The Devil Wears Prada, Of Mice & Men, in 2015, the Berlin-based company became the 5th biggest recorded music company in the UK. In April 2016, BMG signed a deal with Warner Music Group. On March 7,2017, BMG announced that it would transfer the worldwide rights to 95,000 tracks and 8,000 albums to Warners Alternative Distribution Alliance division. At the end of May 2016, BMG expanded into Brazil by acquiring the local publisher Basement Music, in July 2016, BMG completed two major acquisitions
10.
Record producer
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A record producer or music producer oversees and manages the sound recording and production of a band or performers music, which may range from recording one song to recording a lengthy concept album. A producer has many roles during the recording process, the roles of a producer vary. The producer may perform these roles himself, or help select the engineer, the producer may also pay session musicians and engineers and ensure that the entire project is completed within the record companies budget. A record producer or music producer has a broad role in overseeing and managing the recording. Producers also often take on an entrepreneurial role, with responsibility for the budget, schedules, contracts. In the 2010s, the industry has two kinds of producers with different roles, executive producer and music producer. Executive producers oversee project finances while music producers oversee the process of recording songs or albums. In most cases the producer is also a competent arranger, composer. The producer will also liaise with the engineer who concentrates on the technical aspects of recording. Noted producer Phil Ek described his role as the person who creatively guides or directs the process of making a record, indeed, in Bollywood music, the designation actually is music director. The music producers job is to create, shape, and mold a piece of music, at the beginning of record industry, producer role was technically limited to record, in one shot, artists performing live. The role of producers changed progressively over the 1950s and 1960s due to technological developments, the development of multitrack recording caused a major change in the recording process. Before multitracking, all the elements of a song had to be performed simultaneously, all of these singers and musicians had to be assembled in a large studio and the performance had to be recorded. As well, for a song that used 20 instruments, it was no longer necessary to get all the players in the studio at the same time. Examples include the rock sound effects of the 1960s, e. g. playing back the sound of recorded instruments backwards or clanging the tape to produce unique sound effects. These new instruments were electric or electronic, and thus they used instrument amplifiers, new technologies like multitracking changed the goal of recording, A producer could blend together multiple takes and edit together different sections to create the desired sound. For example, in jazz fusion Bandleader-composer Miles Davis album Bitches Brew, producers like Phil Spector and George Martin were soon creating recordings that were, in practical terms, almost impossible to realise in live performance. Producers became creative figures in the studio, other examples of such engineers includes Joe Meek, Teo Macero, Brian Wilson, and Biddu
11.
The Devil Put Dinosaurs Here
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The Devil Put Dinosaurs Here is the fifth studio album by the American rock band Alice in Chains, released on May 28,2013. It is the second reunion album. Following a worldwide tour in support of its previous album, Black Gives Way to Blue, the making of The Devil Put Dinosaurs Here lasted for more than a year and the release of the album was delayed numerous times. The band entered the studio in July 2011 to start work on their fifth album, during the writing and recording sessions, guitarist Jerry Cantrell underwent shoulder surgery, which resulted in the delay of the album. The recording sessions of The Devil Put Dinosaurs Here were completed in December 2012, peaking at number two on the Billboard 200, The Devil Put Dinosaurs Here was well received by music critics and Hollow, Stone and Voices were released as singles to promote the album. The album also reached the top ten in the albums charts of Australia, Finland. Singer William DuVall also commented on the possibility of the album and Alice in Chains future, but yeah, generally speaking, yeah, were excited about the future. I dont anticipate some long layoff, DuVall revealed in September 2010 that Alice in Chains had not begun writing their next album yet, but theres plenty of riffs flying around. He added, That was the case when we first started back up and we would just stockpile these fragments, and then some time later we would sift through the mountain of stuff, and thats what became Black Gives Way to Blue. The same thing has been happening since weve been touring Black Gives Way to Blue, so it would be natural to at some point say, Hey. Lets sift through and see what weve got this time, DuVall also mentioned that it was possible that the album would feature songs that were written for Black Gives Way to Blue. On March 21,2011, Metal Hammer reported that Alice in Chains would begin recording their new album by the end of 2011, in May 2012, Cantrell revealed that, prior to the recording sessions, he had surgery. He explained, The thing that set me back is I had some bone spurs cartilage issues in my shoulders, I had the same issue in the other shoulder about six years ago so Ive had them both done now. Its a repetitive motion injury from playing, in December 2012, Cantrell confirmed that the album was completed. On the making of the album, Cantrell said to Revolver magazine and its got all the elements of any record weve put out, but its unlike any record weve put out. Basically, its the next chapter in the Alice in Chains book, Cantrell also said to Guitar World, In my opinion, Black Gives Way to Blue stood up to anything else weve put out in our career. Hopefully, the new album will connect people in the same way. Jerry Cantrell stated in an interview with Rolling Stone, We made a record thats completely different from anything we ever did
12.
Single (music)
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In music, a single or record single is a type of release, typically a song recording of fewer tracks than an LP record, an album or an EP record. This can be released for sale to the public in a variety of different formats, in most cases, a single is a song that is released separately from an album, although it usually also appears on an album. Typically, these are the songs from albums that are released separately for promotional uses such as digital download or commercial radio airplay and are expected to be the most popular, in other cases a recording released as a single may not appear on an album. As digital downloading and audio streaming have become prevalent, it is often possible for every track on an album to also be available separately. Nevertheless, the concept of a single for an album has been retained as an identification of a heavily promoted or more popular song within an album collection. Despite being referred to as a single, singles can include up to as many as three tracks on them. The biggest digital music distributor, iTunes, accepts as many as three tracks less than ten minutes each as a single, as well as popular music player Spotify also following in this trend. Any more than three tracks on a release or longer than thirty minutes in total running time is either an Extended Play or if over six tracks long. The basic specifications of the single were made in the late 19th century. Gramophone discs were manufactured with a range of speeds and in several sizes. By about 1910, however, the 10-inch,78 rpm shellac disc had become the most commonly used format, the inherent technical limitations of the gramophone disc defined the standard format for commercial recordings in the early 20th century.26 rpm. With these factors applied to the 10-inch format, songwriters and performers increasingly tailored their output to fit the new medium, the breakthrough came with Bob Dylans Like a Rolling Stone. Singles have been issued in various formats, including 7-inch, 10-inch, other, less common, formats include singles on digital compact cassette, DVD, and LD, as well as many non-standard sizes of vinyl disc. Some artist release singles on records, a more common in musical subcultures. The most common form of the single is the 45 or 7-inch. The names are derived from its speed,45 rpm. The 7-inch 45 rpm record was released 31 March 1949 by RCA Victor as a smaller, more durable, the first 45 rpm records were monaural, with recordings on both sides of the disc. As stereo recordings became popular in the 1960s, almost all 45 rpm records were produced in stereo by the early 1970s
13.
Rock music
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It has its roots in 1940s and 1950s rock and roll, itself heavily influenced by blues, rhythm and blues and country music. Rock music also drew strongly on a number of genres such as electric blues and folk. Musically, rock has centered on the guitar, usually as part of a rock group with electric bass guitar. Typically, rock is song-based music usually with a 4/4 time signature using a verse-chorus form, like pop music, lyrics often stress romantic love but also address a wide variety of other themes that are frequently social or political in emphasis. Punk was an influence into the 1980s on the subsequent development of subgenres, including new wave, post-punk. From the 1990s alternative rock began to rock music and break through into the mainstream in the form of grunge, Britpop. Similarly, 1970s punk culture spawned the visually distinctive goth and emo subcultures and this trio of instruments has often been complemented by the inclusion of other instruments, particularly keyboards such as the piano, Hammond organ and synthesizers. The basic rock instrumentation was adapted from the blues band instrumentation. A group of musicians performing rock music is termed a rock band or rock group, Rock music is traditionally built on a foundation of simple unsyncopated rhythms in a 4/4 meter, with a repetitive snare drum back beat on beats two and four. Melodies are often derived from older musical modes, including the Dorian and Mixolydian, harmonies range from the common triad to parallel fourths and fifths and dissonant harmonic progressions. Critics have stressed the eclecticism and stylistic diversity of rock, because of its complex history and tendency to borrow from other musical and cultural forms, it has been argued that it is impossible to bind rock music to a rigidly delineated musical definition. These themes were inherited from a variety of sources, including the Tin Pan Alley pop tradition, folk music and rhythm, as a result, it has been seen as articulating the concerns of this group in both style and lyrics. Christgau, writing in 1972, said in spite of some exceptions, rock and roll usually implies an identification of male sexuality, according to Simon Frith rock was something more than pop, something more than rock and roll. Rock musicians combined an emphasis on skill and technique with the concept of art as artistic expression, original. The foundations of music are in rock and roll, which originated in the United States during the late 1940s and early 1950s. Its immediate origins lay in a melding of various musical genres of the time, including rhythm and blues and gospel music, with country. In 1951, Cleveland, Ohio disc jockey Alan Freed began playing rhythm and blues music for a multi-racial audience, debate surrounds which record should be considered the first rock and roll record. Other artists with rock and roll hits included Chuck Berry, Bo Diddley, Fats Domino, Little Richard, Jerry Lee Lewis
14.
Mount Rainier
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Mount Rainier, Mount Tacoma, or Mount Tahoma is the highest mountain of the Cascade Range of the Pacific Northwest, and the highest mountain in the U. S. state of Washington. It is an active stratovolcano located 54 miles south-southeast of Seattle. Because of its amount of glacial ice, Mt.7 million living in its metropolitan area. Mount Rainier was first known by the Native Americans as Talol, one hypothesis of the word origin is, in the Lushootseed language spoken by the Puyallup people. Another hypothesis is that Tacoma means larger than Mount Baker in Lushootseed, Ta, larger, plus Koma, other names originally used include Tahoma, Tacobeh, and Pooskaus. The current name was given by George Vancouver, who named it in honor of his friend, the map of the Lewis and Clark expedition of 1804-1806 refers to it as Mt. Regniere. Tacoma was preferred in the city of Tacoma, in 1890, the United States Board on Geographic Names declared that the mountain would be known as Rainier. Following this in 1897, the Pacific Forest Reserve became the Mount Rainier Forest Reserve, despite this, there was still a movement to change the mountains name to Tacoma and Congress was still considering a resolution to change the name as late as 1924. After the 2015 restoration of the original name Denali to Mount McKinley in Alaska, Mount Rainier is the highest mountain in Washington and the Cascade Range. This peak is located just east of Eatonville and just southeast of Seattle, Mount Rainier is ranked third of the 128 ultra-prominent mountain peaks of the United States. Mount Rainier has a prominence of 13,210 ft, which is greater than that of K2. On clear days it dominates the horizon in most of the Seattle-Tacoma metropolitan area to such an extent that locals sometimes refer to it simply as the Mountain. On days of exceptional clarity, it can also be seen from as far away as Corvallis, Oregon and Victoria, with 26 major glaciers and 36 sq mi of permanent snowfields and glaciers, Mount Rainier is the most heavily glaciated peak in the lower 48 states. The summit is topped by two volcanic craters, each more than 1,000 ft in diameter, with the larger east crater overlapping the west crater, the Carbon, Puyallup, Mowich, Nisqually, and Cowlitz Rivers begin at eponymous glaciers of Mount Rainier. The sources of the White River are Winthrop, Emmons, the broad top of Mount Rainier contains three named summits. The highest is called the Columbia Crest, the second highest summit is Point Success,14,158 ft, at the southern edge of the summit plateau, atop the ridge known as Success Cleaver. It has a prominence of about 138 ft, so it is not considered a separate peak. The lowest of the three summits is Liberty Cap,14,112 ft, at the edge, which overlooks Liberty Ridge, the Sunset Amphitheater
15.
William DuVall
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DuVall joined Alice in Chains in 2006, and he appears on the 2009 album Black Gives Way to Blue as well as the 2013 follow-up The Devil Put Dinosaurs Here. DuVall is also co-founder, lead singer, guitarist and lyricist for Comes with the Fall, in his long musical career, DuVall has played a role in many bands playing in a variety of genres, an example being the influential punk rock group Neon Christ. DuValls music career started in the early 1980s Atlanta hardcore punk scene and he first performed with Awareness Void of Chaos. In 1983, DuVall helped found the controversial Atlanta-based hardcore punk band Neon Christ, contributing guitars, other members of this band were vocalist Randy DuTeau, bassist Danny Lankford, and drummer Jimmy Demer. Neon Christ had strong ties to hardcore luminaries Corrosion of Conformity, with a couple of short East Coast tours and two albums, the politically-pointed band started gaining popularity. The band used its popularity to support charitable causes including working to free Fela Anikulapo Kuti. The band disbanded in 1986, reuniting for a show featuring the original members on December 24,2004. Currently, the members are said to be filming a documentary, DuVall did not, however, stay with the band long enough to record on the album. In 1987, DuVall formed the Final Offering with vocalist Randy Gue, Corrosion of Conformity bassist Mike Dean, however, Psomass heroin habit hindered them from working consistently. Dean would go back to work with Corrosion of Conformity, Psomas died of an overdose in 1994, DuVall spent the late 1980s with a Jimi Hendrix-inspired band, No Walls. Other members of this band were jazz bassist Hank Schroy and drummer Matthew Cowley and they released one album in 1992. He also spent the late 1980s in college earning a degree in philosophy, in 1994, DuVall co-wrote the song I Know for fellow Atlanta musician Grammy-nominated Dionne Farris, this song won DuVall an ASCAP award. In the late 90s, DuVall founded the band Madfly with Nico Constantine, Bevan Davies and he served as guitarist, singer and songwriter. In 1999, DuVall, Bevan, and Nico moved on to form Comes With The Fall, CWTF released their first cd Comes with the Fall in 2000, and their second cd The Year is One in 2001. CWTF began touring as both the band and as part of Jerry Cantrells solo band for his Degradation Trip tours in 2001 and 2002. Follow up releases, Live 2002 cd, companion to their Live Underground 2002 DVD, The Reckoning ep in 2006, cWTFs entire catalog was produced by Williams DVL Recordings label. Quickly becoming Cantrells go-to man, DuVall and Cantrells musical collaborations led to DuVall joining Cantrells band Alice in Chains, replacing Layne Staley, who died in 2002. Initially, Cantrell and the veteran members of Alice in Chains had said this reunion didnt necessarily foretell a future for the band
16.
Alice in Chains (album)
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Alice in Chains is the self-titled third studio album by the American rock band Alice in Chains. It was released on November 7,1995 and was the follow-up to the highly successful Dirt, as with their previous releases, the albums songs focus on heavy subject matter such as depression, isolation, drug use, anger and death. The band relies less on metallic riffs and more on melody and texturally varied arrangements, however, the riffs are mostly down-tuned and atonal, employing a strong doom metal vibe. This is the bands first studio album to feature bassist Mike Inez and it received double platinum certification from the RIAA and has sold over three million copies worldwide. After the release of Jar of Flies, vocalist Layne Staley entered rehab for heroin addiction. The band had been scheduled to tour during the summer of 1994 with Metallica, Suicidal Tendencies, Danzig and Fight, staleys condition prompted the other band members to cancel all scheduled dates one day before the start of the tour, putting the band on hiatus. They were replaced by Candlebox on the tour, while Alice in Chains was on hiatus, Staley joined the grunge supergroup Mad Season while guitarist Jerry Cantrell worked on material originally intended for a solo album. In January 1995, Cantrell, bassist Mike Inez, and drummer Sean Kinney began jamming on Cantrells material, in the spring of 1995, Staley was invited back to join the band. Staley said that we started to split apart and went different ways, in April 1995, Alice in Chains entered Bad Animals Studio in Seattle with producer Toby Wright, who had previously worked with Corrosion of Conformity and Slayer. Few of the songs on the album had written before the sessions began. The band would give the demo tapes to Staley so he could write lyrics. The album was finished in August 1995, Cantrell said, It was often depressing, and getting it done felt like pulling hair out, but it was the fucking coolest thing, and Im glad to have gone through it. I will cherish the memory forever, while Staley added, Ill cherish it forever, too, during the recording of the album Staley was severely addicted to heroin and was often late or absent for recording and rehearsal sessions for the album. Their manager, Susan Silver said. It was a painful session because it took so long. It was horrifying to see in that condition, yet, when he was cognizant, he was the sweetest, bright-eyed guy youd ever want to meet. To be in a meeting with him and have him fall asleep in front of you was gut-wrenching, while in the studio, a rough mix of the song Grind was leaked to radio, and received major airplay. On October 6,1995, the released the studio version of the song to radio via satellite uplink. The mockumentary, The Nona Tapes, features interview footage regarding the album, Cantrell, in an interview around the release of the album, said, Our musics kind of about taking something ugly and making it beautiful
17.
Mike Inez
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Mike Inez is an American rock musician best known for his role as the bassist of Alice in Chains since 1993. He is also recognized for his work with Ozzy Osbourne from 1989-1993, Inez has also associated with Slashs Snakepit, Black Label Society, and Heart. Mike Inez began his career in music by playing guitar and saxophone, since the late 1980s, his career has consisted of the role of bass guitarist in popular hard rock bands. In 1989, more than 50 musicians auditioned for Ozzy Osbournes group, within a month, Inez was playing live at a gig with Osbourne at Wembley Stadium. Inez was an member of Osbournes band during their recording of the No More Tears album. However, Bob Daisley was brought in to record the bass, in the liner notes Inez was credited as bass and music inspiration, as he had written the riff to the title track in a jam session. Inez also appeared on the 1993 Osbourne live album, Live & Loud, by late 1993 Inez had moved on to his next project. Alice in Chains bassist Mike Starr had left the group after the release of their album Dirt, Inez toured throughout 1993 with Alice in Chains on the strength of the Dirt album. The group also participated in the 1993 Lollapalooza Tour, Alice in Chains EP, Jar of Flies, was released in 1994 with Inez on bass. Jar of Flies debuted at #1 on album charts, the first EP ever to do so. Inez recorded with the band for their eponymous 1995 release Alice in Chains, in 1996, Alice in Chains recorded their MTV Unplugged special, the first live performance the group had played together in three years. After their last live performance, Alice in Chains went on hiatus, then in 1998 Alice in Chains returned to the studio to release the songs Get Born Again and Died. In 2000 the band went on once again, when rumors of vocalist Layne Staleys drug abuse arose. Alice in Chains disbanded on April 20,2002 after the news of the death of Staley, in 1995, Inez played with Slash on the former Guns N Roses guitarists side group, Slashs Snakepit. The group recorded Its Five OClock Somewhere although Inez did not play any live shows during the corresponding tour and he also briefly rejoined Ozzy Osbournes band on the Retirement Sucks tour after Geezer Butler resigned due to the pressures of touring. In 1998 Inez played with his Alice in Chains bandmate, Jerry Cantrell, on his solo album. In the following year, Inez played on the track to Black Label Societys debut album Sonic Brew. At around this time, Inez formed the band Spys4Darwin with Sean Kinney, Chris DeGarmo from Queensrÿche and they released the microfish EP, and played radio festivals in the Northwest
18.
WRIF
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WRIF — branded 101 WRIF, The RIFF — is a commercial active rock radio station licensed by the Federal Communications Commission to operate in Detroit, Michigan serving surrounding Metro Detroit. The station is owned by Beasley Media Group. As such, the signal can be heard as far as Lexington, MI, Jackson, Chatham-Kent and Lambton County, Ontario, North Baltimore, Ohio, and occasionally as far south as Delaware, Ohio. The station transmitter is located in the Detroit suburb of Southfield near the intersection of 10 Mile Road and Northwestern Highway, in the April 2016 PPM ratings release, WRIF is ranked #3 (behind WCSX and WWJ in the Detroit market. 101.1 FM signed on in 1948 as WXYZ-FM, for most of the stations early years, the station was simply a simulcast of WXYZ AM1270. That changed in 1966, when the FCC decreed separate programming for at least half of the broadcast day on FM stations that had been simulcasts of their AM sisters. Then in 1970, the stations then-owner, ABC made WXYZ-FM an affiliate of the Love network, WXYZ-FM hired at least one local jock for this format - Arthur Penhallow. On February 14,1971, the changed its call letters to WRIF. ABC had applied for WDAI for WXYZ-FM, but the FCC assigned those to WLS-FM instead, the WRIF calls had been requested for WABC-FM in New York. Under the aegis of consultant Lee Abrams, WRIF was a pioneer in the rock format, utilizing many elements of progressive rock radio while maintaining a tight. Other ABC stations with a similar sound included WPLJ in New York, WRIF was not a pure rocker in its early years - you could hear such artists as KC & The Sunshine Band and the Bee Gees alongside Alice Cooper, Traffic, and the Allman Brothers. After 1975, WRIF dropped most of the pop artists to concentrate on rock, stayin Alive, for example, got many spins on WRIF in 1977-78. The 1980s was probably the decade in which there was the most change in the Detroit radio dial. Among other changes, a new rocker was installed on 98.7 FM, WLLZ Detroits Wheels, WWWW went country in 1980, and WABX changed to a Contemporary Hit Radio format called Hot Rock in 1983, and then went adult contemporary as WCLS. But WRIF soldiered on, even though it was twice in the 1980s. In May 2006, WRIF outlasted yet another rock station but with a twist,106.7 The Drive switched to country just as it did back in 1980 when it was known as W4. The station served as a backdrop for the Kevin Costner film The Upside of Anger, ABC continued to own WRIF until its merger with Capital Cities Communications in 1986. At that time, the station was spun off to Silver Star Communications, the next year, WRIF was sold to Great American Broadcasting
19.
Guns N' Roses
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Guns N Roses is an American hard rock band from Los Angeles formed in 1985. The lineup, when first signed to Geffen Records in 1986, consisted of vocalist Axl Rose, lead guitarist Slash, rhythm guitarist Izzy Stradlin, bassist Duff McKagan, and drummer Steven Adler. The current lineup consists of Rose, Slash, McKagan, keyboardists Dizzy Reed and Melissa Reese, guitarist Richard Fortus, the success of the debut was followed by the eight-song album G N R Lies which reached number two on the Billboard 200. The cover album The Spaghetti Incident. was the bands last studio album to feature Slash and it debuted at number three on the Billboard 200 but undersold industry expectations, despite mostly positive critical reception. Former members Slash and McKagan both rejoined the band in 2016, embarking on the Not in This Lifetime, Guns N Roses has been credited with reviving the mainstream popularity of rock n roll, at a time when popular music was dominated by dance music and glam metal. The bands classic lineup, along with later members Reed and drummer Matt Sorum, was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2012, in 1984, Hollywood Rose member Izzy Stradlin was living with L. A. Guns needed a new vocalist, Stradlin suggested Hollywood Rose singer Axl Rose, Guns N Roses was formed in March 1985 by Rose and rhythm guitarist Stradlin, along with lead guitarist Tracii Guns, bassist Ole Beich, and drummer Rob Gardner of L. A. Guns. The band coined its name by combining the names of both previous groups, rejected names for the band included Heads of Amazon and AIDS. After a short time, during which the band played two or three shows, Beich was fired and replaced by Duff McKagan. Tracii Guns left the band after an argument with Rose leading to his replacement by Rose and Stradlins one-time Hollywood Rose bandmate, Gardner quit soon after and was replaced by another former Hollywood Rose member, Steven Adler. Slash had also played with McKagan and Adler in Road Crew. In June 1985, four days after the lineup was finalized, through the bands increasing presence on the Hollywood club scene – playing famed bars such as The Troubadour and The Roxy – Guns N Roses drew the attention of major record labels. The group was signed by Geffen Records in March 1986, receiving a $75,000 advance. In December of that year, the released the four-song EP Live. *@ Like a Suicide. The EP contained covers of Rose Tattoos Nice Boys and Aerosmiths Mama Kin, although billed as a live recording, the four songs were taken from the bands demo tapes and overdubbed with crowd noise. Live. *@ Like a Suicide was released on the Geffen subsidiary Uzi Suicide, Guns N Roses debut album Appetite for Destruction was released July 21,1987. The band stated the artwork was a symbolic social statement. The revised cover was done by Andy Engell, based on a design by tattoo artist Bill White Jr. who had designed the artwork for a tattoo Rose had acquired the previous year, the artwork featured each of the five band members skulls layered on a cross
20.
Layne Staley
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Alice in Chains rose to international fame as part of the grunge movement of the early 1990s. The band became known for Staleys distinct vocal style, as well as the vocals between him and Cantrell. Staley was also a member of the supergroups Mad Season and Class of 99, by mid-1996, Staley was out of the public spotlight, never to perform live again. Staley struggled for much of his life with depression and a drug addiction. Layne Thomas Staley was born to Phillip Blair Phil Staley and Nancy Elizabeth Staley in Kirkland and he was seven years old when his parents divorced, after which he was raised by his mother and stepfather, Jim Elmer. He took his stepfathers name while enrolled in Meadowdale High School in Lynnwood, in late 2001, shortly before his death, he would describe the experience of witnessing his parents divorce, My world became a nightmare, there were just shadows around me. I got a call saying that my dad had died, since that call I always was wondering, Where is my dad. I felt so sad for him and I missed him and he dropped out of my life for 15 years. Staley approached music through his parents collection, listening to Black Sabbath and he began playing drums at age 12, he played in several glam bands in his early teens, but by this point, Staley had aspirations of becoming a singer. In 1984, Staley joined a group of Shorewood High students in a band called Sleze, in 1986, Sleze morphed into Alice N Chains, a band which Staley said dressed in drag and played speed metal. The new band performed around the Seattle area playing Slayer and Armored Saint covers, Staley met guitarist Jerry Cantrell while working at Music Bank rehearsal studios, and the two fast friends lived as roommates for over a year in the dilapidated rehearsal space they shared. Alice N Chains soon disbanded and Staley joined a band who at the time also required a guitarist. He asked Cantrell to join as a sideman, Cantrell agreed on condition that Staley join Cantrells band, which at the time included drummer Sean Kinney and bassist Mike Starr. Eventually the funk project broke up and in 1987 Staley joined Cantrell on a full-time basis, the band eventually took the name of Alice in Chains. Alice in Chains released their debut album Facelift on August 21,1990, the second single, Man in the Box, with lyrics written by Staley, became a huge hit. Facelift has since been certified platinum by the RIAA for sales of two million copies in the United States. The band toured in support of the album for two years before releasing the acoustic EP Sap in early 1992, in September 1992, Alice in Chains released Dirt. The critically acclaimed album, also the bands most successful, debuted at six on the Billboard 200
21.
Universal Music Group
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Universal Music Group is an American-French global music corporation that is a subsidiary of the Paris-based French media conglomerate Vivendi. UMGs global corporate headquarters are in Santa Monica, California and it is considered one of the Big Three record labels, along with Warner Music Group and Sony Music Entertainment. Universal Music was once the music attached to film studio Universal Pictures and its origins go back to the formation of the American branch of Decca Records in September 1934. The Decca Record Co. Ltd. of England spun American Decca off in 1939, MCA Inc. merged with American Decca in 1962. The present organization was formed when its parent company Seagram purchased PolyGram in May 1998, however, the name had first appeared in 1996 when MCA Music Entertainment Group was renamed Universal Music Group. The PolyGram acquisition included Deutsche Grammophon which traces its ancestry to Berliner Gramophone making Deutsche Grammophon UMGs oldest unit, UMGs Canadian unit traces its ancestry to a Berliner Gramophone breakaway firm the Compo Company. With the 2004 acquisition of Universal Studios by General Electric and merging with GEs NBC and this is the second time a music company has done so, the first being the separation of Time Warner and Warner Music Group. On June 25,2007, Vivendi completed its €1.63 billion purchase of BMG Music Publishing, after receiving European Union regulatory approval, doug Morris stepped down from his position as CEO on January 1,2011. Former chairman/CEO of Universal Music International Lucian Grainge was promoted to CEO of the company, Grainge later replaced him as chairman on March 9,2011. Morris became the chairman of Sony Music Entertainment on July 1,2011. With Grainges appointment as CEO at UMG, Max Hole was promoted to COO of UMGI, starting in 2011 UMGs Interscope Geffen A&M Records will be signing contestants from American Idol/Idol series. On January 2011, UMG announced it was donating 200,000 master recordings from the 1920s to 1940s to the Library of Congress for preservation, in March 2011, Barry Weiss became chairman & CEO of The Island Def Jam Music Group & Universal Republic Records. Both companies are restructuring under Weiss, in December 2011, David Foster was named Chairman of Verve Music Group. Among the other companies that had competed for the music business was Warner Music Group which was reported to have made a $2 billion bid. However, IMPALA has said it would fight the merger, coincidentally, UMG sister company StudioCanal has owned the EMI Films library for several years. On September 21,2012, the sale of EMI to UMG was approved in Europe, UMG divested Mute Records, Parlophone, Roxy Recordings, MPS Records, Cooperative Music, Now Thats What I Call Music. Jazzland, Universal Greece, Sanctuary Records, Chrysalis Records, EMI Classics, Virgin Classics, the Beatles recorded music library was allowed to remain with UMG despite being considered part of Parlophone and is now managed by UMGs reorganized Capitol Music Group worldwide. Robbie Williams, who had recorded for Chrysalis, had his transferred to Universals Island Records
22.
Instagram
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In August 2015, version 7.5 was released for mobile devices, allowing users to upload media captured in any aspect ratio, but not at full size. Users can also apply various digital filters to their images, the service rapidly gained popularity, with over 100 million active users as of April 2012 and over 300 million as of December 2014. Support for the app is available for iPhone, iPad, iPod Touch, Windows 10 devices and Android handsets, while third-party Instagram apps are available for BlackBerry 10, the service was acquired by Facebook in April 2012 for approximately US$1 billion in cash and stock. In 2013, Instagram grew by 23%, while Facebook, as the parent company, Instagram began development in San Francisco, when Systrom and Brazilian Krieger chose to focus their multi-featured HTML5 check-in project, Burbn, on mobile photography. As Krieger reasoned, Burbn became too similar to Foursquare, and for that, Burbn pivoted to become more focused. The word Instagram is a portmanteau of instant camera and telegram, on March 5,2010, Systrom closed a $500,000 seed funding round with Baseline Ventures and Andreessen Horowitz while working on Burbn. Josh Riedel then joined the company as Community Manager, shayne Sweeney joined in November 2010 as an engineer and Jessica Zollman was hired as a Community Evangelist in August 2011. In January 2011, Instagram added hashtags to help users discover both photographs and each other, Instagram encourages users to make tags both specific and relevant, rather than tagging generic words like photo, to make photographs stand out and to attract like-minded Instagram users. In September, version 2.0 went live in the App Store and included new and live filters, instant tilt–shift, high resolution photographs, optional borders, one-click rotation, the deal valued Instagram at around $25 million. On April 3,2012, Instagram was released for Android phones running the 2.2 Froyo version of the OS and that same week, Instagram raised $50 million from venture capitalists for a share of the company, the process valued Instagram at $500 million. Facebook made an offer to purchase Instagram, along with its 13 employees, for approximately $1 billion in cash and stock in April 2012, with a plan to keep the company independently managed. Britains Office of Fair Trading approved the deal on August 14,2012, and on August 22,2012, on September 6,2012, the deal between Instagram and Facebook was officially closed. On April 12,2012, Facebook acquired Instagram for approximately $1 billion in cash, the deal, which was made just prior to Facebooks scheduled IPO, cost about a quarter of Facebooks cash-on-hand, according to figures documented at the end of 2011. Mark Zuckerberg noted that Facebook was committed to building and growing Instagram independently, according to multiple reports, the deal netted Systrom $400 million based on his ownership stake in the business. The exact purchase price was $300 million in cash and 23 million shares of stock, on December 17,2012, Instagram updated its Terms of Service, granting itself the right—starting on January 16, 2013—to sell users photos to third parties without notification or compensation. In January 2013, it was confirmed that Instagram had asked for identification as a form of verification due to unspecified violations. In September 2013, Instagram reaffirmed its commitment to free and open access to its app for users. On October 3,2013, Instagram announced that it would be adding advertising to its platform
23.
Black Gives Way to Blue
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Black Gives Way to Blue is the fourth studio album by the American rock band Alice in Chains, released in September 29,2009. It is their first record without singer Layne Staley, who died in 2002 and it instead features new vocalist and rhythm guitarist William DuVall. It is the first Alice in Chains album released on Virgin Records and their first venture away from Columbia, the album was certified gold by the RIAA on May 26,2010, with shipments exceeding 500,000 copies and has sold 1 million copies worldwide. The span of fourteen years between the self-titled album and Black Gives Way to Blue marks the longest gap between studio albums in Alice in Chains career. The band had been working on new material since early 2006, the writing and recording process was completed on March 18,2009, guitarist Jerry Cantrells 43rd birthday. In 2005, Cantrell, bassist Mike Inez, and drummer Sean Kinney reunited to perform a concert in Seattle for victims of the tsunami disaster that struck South Asia. On March 10,2006, the members performed at VH1s Decades Rock Live concert, honoring fellow Seattle musicians Ann. The band followed the concert with a short United States club tour, several dates in Europe. Comes with the Fall vocalist DuVall joined Alice in Chains as lead singer during the reunion concerts. Kinney mentioned in a February 2006 interview that he would be interested in writing new material and he explained, If we found some other dude, Id love to move on, write some cool tunes and change the name and go on like that. I dont see continuing as Alice and replacing somebody, were not trying to replace Layne. We want to play these songs one more time, and if it seems like the thing to do. I dont know how long it will go or where it will take us and its kind of a tribute to Layne and our fans, the people who love these songs. Its not some Im broke and I need the money situation, in September 2008, it was reported that Alice in Chains would enter the studio that October to begin recording a new album for a summer 2009 release. Recording began on October 23,2008 at the Foo Fighters Studio 606 in Northridge, in mid-2009, Cantrell told Revolver Golden God Awards that Alice in Chains had finished recording the album on March 18 and were in the process of mixing it for a September 29 release. In April 2009, a blog post from the band expressed the hope that these songs will strike a chord and make a similar impact on all of you out there that were moved by this band in the first place. Kinney said that the music on the album doesnt deviate too far from the bands past music, adding, Its nice to sound like yourself. Its not really that hard, actually. I know people are blown away that we sound like ourselves, and I understand the apprehension
24.
Eddie Trunk
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Eddie Scott Trunk is an American music historian, radio personality, talk show host, and author, best known as the host of several hard rock and heavy metal-themed radio and television shows. Trunk was born on August 8,1964, in Summit, New Jersey and he grew up in Madison, New Jersey, where he attended Madison High School. As a teenager, Trunk became a fan of Kiss, Raspberries, during high school, he began to write reviews of records for school credit and soon found his passion in music. Around 1986, Trunk became an employee of Megaforce Records which had signed both Metallica and Anthrax and he became vice president of the company at age 25. During that time, he earned executive producer credit on some works from bands like Anthrax, Raven, T. T. Quick, Manowar, Overkill, Kings X, Prophet, Icon and Ace Frehley. In fact, Trunk was the driving force behind reviving Ace Frehleys career. Around 1997, WNEW FM was looking to become a more heavy station, Trunk was one of the first people hired for the new concept. He wanted to do a show for the station. WNEW became a radio station, but Trunks show was one of the few retained. From late 1983 through 1994, Trunk became a fixture at WDHA, over the 10 years he spent at DHA, he did almost everything you could do in radio, and actually started getting paid. He ended up hosting, producing, and programming the stations hugely popular show, in addition to doing regular airshifts, remote broadcasts, interviews, promotions. Trunk hosted Friday Night Rocks and Saturday Night Rocks for WNEW-FM in New York City until the station underwent a format change in 2003. He was also a disc jockey on Q104.3 before joining WNEW-FM and was a VJ who hosted the weekend episodes of Metal Mania on the cable television channel VH1 Classic. He also hosted a weekly Saturday four-hour program on XM Radios Ozzys Boneyard Channel, Trunk was suspended after an interview with New York Mets catcher Mike Piazza in which Piazza was critical of XM Radios programming on the Boneyard Channel. Trunk was not heard on XM again until late November 2006 and he began hosting Eddie Trunk Live on the Boneyard beginning the first week in December 2006. In May 2006, Guns N Roses lead singer Axl Rose made a visit on Trunks Q104.3 radio show. Rose walked in unexpectedly to Trunks radio studio in New York, Trunk also hosts Trunk Nation on the Sirius XM Radio channel, Hair Nation, and is a music host and interviewer for the MSG Network, a cable network based out of New York City. He hosts The Eddie Trunk Podcast on PodcastOne, Trunk is also the host of That Metal Show, which aired weekly on VH1 Classic from 2008 to 2015
25.
Ultimate Guitar Archive
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Ultimate Guitar Archive, also known as Ultimate-Guitar. It was started on October 9,1998 by Eugeny Naidenov, UG is home of over 12,000,000 registered users. It is a community of forum users who frequent the site. The website is regulated by an administrator and moderators which are privileged members who can edit, moderators are users that are rewarded for being particularly helpful and knowledgeable in a specific subject and are responsible for moderating forums that focus on the subject they specialize in. Community members may also create guitar lessons, and have their works published on the website. Reviews of albums, DVDs, or gear and news articles can also be submitted by members. Like the tabs, the lessons and column are also rated by users, although UG encourages participation, they also have a strict guideline and set of rules that all UG users must follow. Members must be over the age of 13 to use the services offered by the site, strong media is also prohibited from use on the site. The projects community page can be here, and the digital download is available on iTunes. Although The Pit is a section, all standards are upheld. On August 12,2007, the Ultimate Guitar site launched UG Profiles and this added another feature to UG that other tablature sites do not feature. In late 2004–05, after taborama and mxtabs. net began closing due to threats from the Music Publishers Association of America. On April 10,2010, Ultimate Guitar entered an agreement with Harry Fox Agency. The agreement included rights for lyrics display, title search and tablature display with download, hFAs over 44,000 represented publishers have the opportunity to opt-in to the licensing arrangement with UG. Tabs may be requested in the Tab Talk forum, tabs can be voted from 1 star to 5 stars, and comments can be made about the tab. Tabs of entire albums can also be submitted, files such as basic guitar tabs and bass tabs can be read from an Internet browser in ASCII format. Guitar Pro and Power Tab files are run through programs that can play the tablature and these files can be saved and opened on the users computer. Tabs are searchable by artist, album, or song name, list of Internet forums Ultimate Guitar Website
26.
Guitar World
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Guitar World is a monthly music magazine devoted to guitarists, published since July 1980. It contains original interviews, album and gear reviews, and guitar, the magazine is published 13 times per year. Formerly owned by Harris Publications, Future US bought the magazine in 2003, in 2012, NewBay Media bought the Music division of Future US. The latter company also published a title, Guitar Legends. Guitar World website 100 Greatest Guitar Solos Guitar World Interviews Past and Present
27.
Cabo San Lucas
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Cabo San Lucas, commonly called Cabo in American English, is a city at the southern tip of the Baja California Peninsula, in the Mexican state of Baja California Sur. Cabo San Lucas together with San José del Cabo is known as Los Cabos. Cabo has been rated as one of Mexicos top 5 tourist destinations, it is known for its beaches, scuba diving locations, balnearios, the sea arch El Arco de Cabo San Lucas, and marine life. The Los Cabos Corridor has become a heavily trafficked holiday destination for tourists, with numerous resorts, Cabo houses a range of wildlife, including rays, sharks, birds, and a range of fish, such as mahi-mahi, and striped marlin. Archaeological excavations have shown evidence of human habitation in the area for at least 10,000 years. When the first Europeans arrived, they encountered the Pericú people, who survived on a diet based on hunting and gathering seeds, roots, shellfish. According to the narrative of Hatsutaro, a Japanese castaway, in the book Kaigai Ibun, however, American authors such as Henry Edwards and John Ross Browne claim that Cabo San Lucass founder was an Englishman named Thomas Old Tom Ritchie. John Ross Browne says Ritchie arrived there about 1828, while Edwards says that he died in October 1874, a fishing village began growing in the area. In 1917, an American company built a platform to catch tuna. The plant operated for several years, Cabo San Lucas has become a prominent vacation and spa destination, with a variety of sites of interest and timeshares that have been built on the coast between San Lucas and San José del Cabo. The distinctive Arco de Cabo San Lucas is a local landmark, Cabo San Lucas has the highest paying marlin tournament in the world. In the winter, pods of whales can be observed in the area and they bear their calves in the warm waters of the Gulf of California after completing their 6000-mile migration from Alaska and Siberia. The development of Cabos tourism industry was prompted by the Mexican governments development of infrastructure to turn Cabo San Lucas into a center for tourism in Mexico. Upon completion of the Transpeninsular Highway, also known as the Mexican Federal Highway 1, there is, however, a growing collection of activists and attorneys now involved in preserving many of Bajas desert habitats, marine mammals, and stretches of coastline. It is expected that by 20184,000 new sleeping rooms will come online in Cabo, Cabo San Lucas and San José del Cabo are served by Los Cabos International Airport. The town is also a port of call for many cruise ships. Cabo San Lucas has a small airfield, which handles air traffic for general aviation flights. Many tourists get around the area through the numerous local taxis that service the primary parts of Cabo, as well as the Corridor and the airport
28.
Sammy Hagar
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Sammy Hagar, also known as The Red Rocker, is an American rock vocalist, guitarist, songwriter, musician and entrepreneur. Hagar came to prominence in the 1970s with the rock band Montrose. He afterwards launched a solo career, scoring an enduring hit in 1984 with I Cant Drive 55. He enjoyed huge success when he replaced David Lee Roth as the lead singer of Van Halen in 1985. He returned to the band for a 2-year reunion from 2003 to 2005, on March 12,2007, Hagar was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Van Halen. His musical style consists of hard rock and heavy metal. Also a businessman, he founded the Cabo Wabo Tequila brand and restaurant chain and his current musical projects include being the lead singer of Chickenfoot and The Circle. Samuel Hagar was named after his grandfather, Sam Roy. Hagar was born in Salinas, California, but his family moved to Fontana. Sammy Hagar graduated from Fontana High School, as a teenager, Hagar became interested in the burgeoning Southern California music scene. He fronted his first band, the Fabulous Castilles, when he was twenty. As part of a duo known as Samson & Hagar, backed by the Peppermint Trolley Company, he released a 7 single on Ranwood Records with the tracks Reach Out to Find Me and that same year, Hagar joined the Johnny Fortune Band as a vocalist and rhythm guitarist. Hagar was also a member of a string of other bands including Big Bang, Skinny, Dustcloud, Cotton, Jimmy. He next became a member of the Justice Brothers, along with guitarist Bob Anglin, keyboardist Al Shane, bassist Jeff Nicholson, the Justice Brothers were the house band at a bar called The Nightclub in San Bernardino, California, before they relocated to San Francisco. Hagars first major success came with the group Montrose, on their debut and second albums, after conflicts during a European tour with the bands founder, Ronnie Montrose, Hagar quit the group. Bassist Bill Church and drummer Denny Carmassi eventually played in Hagars backing band, after the album Paper Money, Hagar began his solo career. In the mid-1970s, Hagar started a recording and touring career to increasing success. However, Hagar felt that Carter did not play to his strengths as a heavy-metal guy, Hagar was scheduled to open for Boston in San Bernardino, California, during their 1979 world tour
29.
G&L Musical Instruments
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G&L is a guitar design and production company founded by Leo Fender, George Fullerton, and Dale Hyatt in the late 1970s. Fender sold his eponymous company Fender in 1965 and he designed and produced instruments for Music Man in the 1970s through his company CLF Research. When relations with Music Man soured, G&L was created to continue operations outside of Music Man, the G&L name comes from the initials of George Fullerton and Leo Fender. G&L instruments are similar to the classic Fenders, but with modern innovations. They are built at the facility on Fender Avenue in Fullerton. G&L instruments are not widely distributed but are regarded by many musicians. The relatively small scale of production allows for more custom options that are not possible on larger production lines. After the death of Leo Fender in 1991, Fenders wife, Phyllis Fender, George Fullerton remained a permanent consultant until his death on July 4,2009, and Leos wife Phyllis remains as Honorary Chairperson of G&L. In a print advertisement for G&L, Leo Fender claimed the G&L line of instruments were the best instruments I have ever made, Leo Fender and George Fullerton created improved designs over the years, with the most advanced being featured in G&L instruments. MFDs are known for their tone, which combines clarity, high fidelity. The Dual-Fulcrum Vibrato has two pivot points, the design aims to improve tuning stability, and according to some has a sound that is more mellow than a traditional bridge. It allows the player to bend notes up as well as down, the G&L Saddle-Lock bridge utilizes a small Allen screw on the side of the bridge, to reduce side-to-side movement of the individual string saddles. The design, and the bridges beefy dimensions, aim to prevent loss of sustain due to this motion by locking the saddles together. The Tilt Neck Mechanism designed and patented by George Fullerton and this feature is no longer used, and was a carryover from Music Man production. As G&L moved production to CNC machines, this method was phased out, G&L produces several distinct models of guitar and bass products, including, Ascari and Ascari GTS, Non-standard Leo Fender Design. Rock guitar in strat design - Set neck with 3 tuners per side, Designed by Leo Fender then put on the back burner until 2014 ASAT Classic, Similar design to the Telecaster, offered as a solid-body instrument as well as a semi-hollow body instrument. Bluesboy, Based on the ASAT Classic, but with a Seth Lover humbucker pickup in the neck position, Designed by Tim Page of Buffalo Bros. with the help of Seymour W. Duncan for the neck pickup and Tony Petrilla for wiring of the bridge pickup. First introduced as an edition in 1999 in both solid body and semi-hollow versions
30.
Gibson Les Paul
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The Gibson Les Paul is a solid body electric guitar that was first sold by the Gibson Guitar Corporation in 1952. The Les Paul was designed by Gibson president Ted McCarty, factory manager John Huis and their team, the Les Paul was originally offered with a gold finish and two P-90 pickups. In 1957, humbucking pickups were added, along with sunburst finishes in 1958, the sunburst 1958–1960 Les Paul – today one of the best-known electric guitar types in the world – was considered a failure, with low production and sales. For 1961, the Les Paul was redesigned into what is now known as the Gibson SG and this design continued as a separate guitar when the traditional single cutaway, carved top bodystyle was re-introduced in 1963. The Les Paul has been produced in countless versions and editions since. Along with Fenders Telecaster and Stratocaster, it was one of the first mass-produced electric solid-body guitars, Les Pauls have been used in many genres, including rock, country, pop, soul, rhythm and blues, blues, jazz, reggae, punk, and heavy metal. In 1950, the ancestors of Fender Telecaster were introduced to the musical market, in reaction to market demand, Gibson Guitar president Ted McCarty brought guitarist Les Paul into the company as a consultant. Les Paul was an innovator who had been experimenting with guitar design for years. He hand-built a solid-body prototype called The Log, often suggested as the first solid-body Spanish guitar ever built, in 1951, Paul, McCarty, and his team at the Gibson Guitar Corporation began work on what would eventually become the Les Paul Model. Early prototypes are very similar to the final version, the new Les Paul guitar was to be an expensive, well-made instrument in accordance with Gibsons reputation at the time. Although recollections differ regarding who contributed what to the Les Paul design, however, this reversal would have caused the guitar to become too heavy, and Pauls request was refused. Paul states that the original Custom should have had the maple cap, Les Pauls contributions to the guitar line bearing his name were more than cosmetic, but certainly included them. For example, Paul specified that the guitar be offered in a finish, not only for flashiness. The later-issue Les Paul models included flame maple and quilted maple tops, the 1952 Les Pauls featured two P-90 single coil pickups, and a one-piece, trapeze-style bridge/tailpiece with strings fitted under a steel stop-bar. The guitar made its debut when Paul used it onstage in June,1952. On July 24,1952, at a special musicians clinic at the Waldorf-Astoria hotel, it was previewed by prominent guitarists such as Tiger Haynes, George Barnes, Mundell Lowe, Tony Mottola, and Billy Mure. The clinic preceded the annual NAMM Show held at the New Yorker hotel starting July 27, a second Les Paul model was introduced in 1953. Called the Les Paul Custom, this guitar with gold-plated hardware was dubbed the Black Beauty
31.
Vox AC30
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The Vox AC30 is a guitar amplifier manufactured by Vox. It was introduced in 1958 to meet the demand for louder amplifiers. Characterised by its jangly high-end sound it has become recognized by British musicians. The AC15 was powered by a pair of EL84 tubes, an EF86-driven Normal channel, an ECC83-driven Vib-Trem channel and these early amps sported a thin white covering with a small printed diamond pattern and larger diamond pattern grill cloth. However, the EL34-powered AC30 was short lived, and a new AC30 version appeared in late 1959, the AC30/4 also carried over the AC15s preamplifier circuit, which included the EF86 pentode in its Normal channel. Vox initially offered a 1×12 version but subsequently introduced the 2×12 AC30 Twin, the first AC30 Twins used two Goodmans Audiom 60 15-Watt Speakers, followed by Celestion G12 alnico speakers. By 1960, Vox had forsaken the more conservative TV-front look for the now legendary cabinet design that has remained unchanged since 1960. The new cabinets featured a different covering known as fawn Rexine, the front baffle was now divided by a thin gold-toned strip with the upper valence covered in fawn Rexine, and the lower grille covered in brown diamond cloth. Ventilation was provided by three small brass vents on the top of the cabinet, and the TV-fronts single suitcase type handle was replaced with three leather straps, the AC30/6 was now an amp with three channels, each channel having two inputs. About this time, the Top Boost feature became available as Voxs optional addition of a rear panel-mounted circuit that introduced an extra stage and tone controls for bass. The unit became so popular that its features were incorporated in newer AC30/6 models. Vox AC30/6 amplifiers from around 1963 had already implemented the top boost, people began to refer to these amplifiers as AC30TBs. Later on, Vox also offered versions of the AC30 unit. In addition to the Normal version without the Top Boost, in the late 60s Jennings drifted into financial problems and the company experienced various owner changes. During the Vox brands early 70s Dallas Arbiter period, the tube rectifiers of AC30s were replaced by silicon rectifiers, in the late 1970s Vox also introduced a solid-state AC30, which is the AC30 model that was used by Status Quo. A tube AC30TB with spring reverb feature was reintroduced in 1978, AC30s made between 1989 and 1993 also had spring reverb as a standard feature. These AC30 amps were offered in the traditional black Tolex/brown diamond grille configuration. These amplifiers, like all AC30s to this point, were manufactured in Great Britain and these were available with a choice of Celestion Blue or Greenback speakers
32.
Fender amplifier
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Fender amplifiers have a long history. Leo Fender began building guitar amps before he started manufacturing guitars, the first of these amps were the K&F models, which were produced between 1945 and 1946. The original Fender amps were tube-powered and the company started producing solid-state models in the late 1960s. The K&F amplifiers were the first Fender amps made and they were made by the K&F Manufacturing Corporation, which was run by Leo Fender and Doc Kauffman. Most of the amps were finished in a gray crinkle finish, the finishes were baked in the Kauffman family oven. They were made in three different sizes, 1×8, 1×10, and 1×15 and they are all very rare today and few have survived. The first amplifiers made in-house by Fender is the Woodie series and they included the Model 26 Deluxe, the Princeton, and the Professional. The twill was first used in 1946 on the Dual Professional a twin 10 6L6 powered model of which only 400 were made before being renamed the Super Amp in 1948. These early models are referred to as TV-Fronts due to the shape of the cabinet when viewed from above. The Dual Pro was the first twin speaker amp and also the first amp to employ a finger-jointed pine cabinet and the first amp with a top facing control panel. The construction of the amplifiers was changed as well, the chassis are mounted to the back with the tubes pointed down and this has the benefit of providing ease of access to the inside while providing a strong top. Fender mostly stopped using the twill covering in 1960, though the Harvard was still covered in twill until 1963, the first kind used was an off-white fabric, followed by a horizontal-stripe two-tone pattern, and finally a two-tone twill. Fender later on constructed them with narrow panel, in all the panels have more or less the same width. Toward the end, despite keeping such construction, Fender utilized tolex to cover its amps, the Brownface series was introduced in 1959 and discontinued in 1963. This period marked the beginning of Fenders use of Tolex to cover amp cabinets, the name brownface stems from the brown-colored control panels, common to both the brown- and cream/blonde- Tolex-covered amps. The brownface amps originally featured a maroon or oxblood grillcloth. The Brown amplifiers included all of the combo amps except the flagship Twin and Vibrasonic. The Blonde amplifiers included all of the piggyback Fender amps as well as the Twin, two different colors of grillclothes were featured on the blondes, oxblood and wheat
33.
Cigar box guitar
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The cigar box guitar is a primitive chordophone that uses an empty cigar box as a resonator. The earliest had one or two strings, modern models typically have three or more, generally, the strings are connected to the end of a broomstick or a 1 x 3 inch wood slat and to the cigar box resonator. Cigars were packed in boxes, crates, and barrels as early as 1800, until then, cigars were shipped in larger crates containing 100 or more per case. After 1840, cigar manufacturers started using smaller, more portable boxes with 20–50 cigars per box, trace evidence of cigar box instruments exists from 1840 to the 1860s. The earliest known illustration of a cigar box instrument is an etching copyrighted in 1876 of two American Civil War soldiers at a campsite, one of whom is playing a cigar box fiddle. The etching was created by illustrator and artist Edwin Forbes, who, under the banner of Frank Leslies Illustrated Newspaper, the etching was included in Forbess work Life Stories of the Great Army. In the etching, the fiddle clearly shows the brand Figaro on the cigar box. In addition to the etching, plans for a cigar box banjo were published by Daniel Carter Beard, co-founder of the Boy Scouts of America, in 1884 as part of Christmas Eve with Uncle Enos. The plans, retitled How to Build an Uncle Enos Banjo, were included in the 1890 edition of Beards American Boys Handy Book as supplementary material at the back of the book. These plans omitted the story but still showed a step-by-step description of a playable five-string fretless banjo made from a cigar box and it would seem that the earliest cigar box instruments would be crude and primitive, but this is not always the case. The 1886 fiddle was made for an 8-year-old boy and is certainly playable, the latter instrument was made for serious playing. Cigar box guitars and fiddles were also important in the rise of jug bands, as most of these performers were black Americans living in poverty, many could not afford a real instrument. Using these, along with the bass, jug, washboard. The Great Depression of the 1930s saw a resurgence of homemade musical instruments, times were hard in the American South, and sitting on the front porch singing away the blues was a popular pastime. Musical instruments were beyond the means of most people, but with an old cigar box, a piece of broom handle and a couple of wires from the screen door, a guitar was born. A modern revival of these instruments has been gathering momentum with an increase in the number of cigar box guitar builders and performers, a loose-knit group of underground musicians tour the East Coast of the United States each summer under the banner Masters of the Cigar Box Guitar Tour. These musicians include Doctor Oakroot, Johnny Lowebow, Tomi-O and many others, a growing number of primitive luthiers are adding cigar box guitars to their items for sale. The Top cigar box guitar builders of today are Shane Speal, Mike Snowden, the modern revival is sometimes due to interest in jug bands and the DIY culture, as a cigar box is inexpensive in comparison with other factors, such as strings and construction time
34.
Pike Place Market
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Pike Place Market is a public market overlooking the Elliott Bay waterfront in Seattle, Washington, United States. The Market opened August 17,1907, and is one of the oldest continuously operated public farmers markets in the United States and it is a place of business for many small farmers, craftspeople and merchants. Named after the street, Pike Place runs northwest from Pike Street to Virginia Street. With more than 10 million visitors annually, Pike Place Market is Seattles most popular tourist destination and is the 33rd most visited tourist attraction in the world. The Market is built on the edge of a steep hill, each features a variety of unique shops such as antique dealers, comic book and collectible shops, small family-owned restaurants, and one of the oldest head shops in Seattle. The upper street level contains fishmongers, fresh produce stands and craft stalls operating in the covered arcades, Pike Place Market is home to nearly 500 residents who live in 8 different buildings throughout the Market. Most of these buildings have low income housing in the past, however, some of them no longer are. The Market is run by the quasi-government Pike Place Market Preservation, the Market is located roughly in the northwest corner of Seattles central business district. To its southwest are the waterfront and Elliott Bay. Boundaries are diagonal to the compass since the street grid is roughly parallel to the Elliott Bay shoreline, as is common with Seattle neighborhoods and districts, different people and organizations draw different boundaries for the Market. Despite coming from the City Clerks office, this definition has no official status. The smaller Pike Place Public Market Historic District listed on the U. S, to some extent, these different definitions of the market district result from struggles between preservationists and developers. For example, the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 created the Washington Advisory Council on Historic Preservation, Victor Steinbrueck at one point in the late 1960s convinced the Advisory Council to recommend designating 17 acres as a historical district. Pressure by developers and the Seattle establishment soon got that reduced to a tenth of that area, the present-day historic district designations lie between these extremes. Part of the market sits on what was originally mudflats below the bluffs west of Pike Place, in the late 19th century, West Street was already a through street running more or less parallel to the shore. Railroad Avenue was built out on pilings, it was not filled in until the 1930s. Nearby piers with warehouses for convenient stevedoring had already completed by 1905. Before the creation of the Pike Place Market in 1907, local Seattle area farmers sold their goods to the public in a three-square block area called The Lots, located at Sixth Avenue and King Street
35.
Baritone guitar
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The baritone guitar is a guitar with a longer scale length, typically a larger body, and heavier internal bracing, so it can be tuned to a lower pitch. Tacoma, Santa Cruz, Taylor, Martin, Alvarez Guitars and others have made acoustic baritone guitars, the baritone guitar first appeared in classical music. More recently, the guitar has appeared in rock, metal. With appropriate strings, some baritone guitars can play in the guitar range. Tic-tac bass is a method of playing, in which a muted baritone guitar doubles the part played by the guitar or double bass. The method is used in country music. A standard guitars standard tuning is E A D G B E, while no standard tuning has been established for baritone guitars, popular tunings for the instrument are, a perfect fifth, a diminished fifth, a perfect fourth, or a major third lower. The most common scale lengths on an electric baritone range from 25.5 to 28.7, With the latter more commonly being tuned lower than a common six-string. The average baritone scale on the market would be around the length of 27, with a tuning set to a perfect fourth. On a standard, steel-string, acoustic guitar, the length is typically 24.9 to 25.7. The scale lengths of various baritone designs range from 27 to 30.5, shorter-scale baritone guitars are more like long-scale guitars, having more midrange volume, whereas the longer scale lengths and heavier string sets give more bass to the instruments timbre. Shorter scale baritones tend to be tuned C-C or B-B, whereas longer ones are typically tuned A-A, the instrument was used almost exclusively on his best-selling 1960 album The Twangs the Thang and appears regularly on singles and albums throughout his career. The twangy sound of his guitars augmented the even deeper twangy sound made by the Danelectro baritone, eddy used the familiar black model and an unusual gray Longhorn model. Brian Wilson often included baritone guitars in his arrangements for The Beach Boys records, such as in Dance, Dance, Dance or Caroline, singer Jimmie Rodgers also favored the baritone guitar, which can be heard in the opening bars of his recording of Woman from Liberia. Baritone guitars became popular in metal music during the late 1980s, as it became increasingly popular to employ lower guitar tunings. Early examples include Carcass and Bolt Thrower, Pat OBrien of the band Cannibal Corpse has a baritone guitar to allow him to use the tuning G# without experiencing tuning problems because of his use of a Floyd Rose tremolo. Dylan Carlson of drone metal band Earth played a guitar on Hex. Machine Head uses baritone guitars tuned to drop B and C# standard, robb Flynn, singer and guitarist from the band, has a signature Epiphone Baritone Flying V model called Love Death
36.
Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
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The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum is a hall of fame and museum located on the shore of Lake Erie in downtown Cleveland, Ohio, United States. In 1986, Cleveland was chosen as the hall of fames permanent home.8 billion, the Foundation began inducting artists in 1986, but the Hall of Fame still had no home. The search committee considered several cities, including Philadelphia, Memphis, Detroit, Cincinnati, New York City, Cleveland was also one of the premier tour stops for most rock bands. Civic leaders in Cleveland pledged $65 million in money to fund the construction. A petition drive was signed by 600,000 fans favoring Cleveland over Memphis, on May 5,1986, the Hall of Fame Foundation chose Cleveland as the permanent home of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum. Sam Phillips of Sun Studios fame and many others were stunned and disappointed that it ended up in Cleveland, the hall of fame shouldve been in Memphis, certainly, wrote Peter Guralnick, author of an acclaimed two-volume Elvis Presley biography. Cleveland may also have chosen as the organizations site because the city offered the best financial package. As The Plain Dealer music critic Michael Norman noted, It was $65 million, Cleveland wanted it here and put up the money. During early discussions on where to build the Hall of Fame and Museum, ultimately, the chosen location was along East Ninth Street in downtown Cleveland by Lake Erie, east of Cleveland Stadium. Initial CEO Dr. Larry R. Thompson facilitated I. M. Pei in designs for the site, Pei came up with the idea of a tower with a glass pyramid protruding from it. The museum tower was planned to stand 200 ft high. The buildings base is approximately 150,000 square feet, the groundbreaking ceremony took place on June 7,1993. Pete Townshend, Chuck Berry, Billy Joel, Sam Phillips, Ruth Brown, Sam Moore of Sam and Dave, Carl Gardner of the Coasters and Dave Pirner of Soul Asylum all appeared at the groundbreaking. The museum was dedicated on September 1,1995, with the ribbon being cut by an ensemble that included Yoko Ono and Little Richard, among others, the following night an all-star concert was held at the stadium. It featured Chuck Berry, Bob Dylan, Al Green, Jerry Lee Lewis, Aretha Franklin, Bruce Springsteen, Iggy Pop, John Fogerty, John Mellencamp, and many others. In addition to the Hall of Fame inductees, the documents the entire history of rock and roll. Hall of Fame inductees are honored in an exhibit located in a wing that juts out over Lake Erie. Since 1986, the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame has selected new inductees, the formal induction ceremony has been held in New York City 25 times, twice in Los Angeles, and four times in the Hall of Fames home in Cleveland
37.
David Bowie
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David Robert Jones, known professionally as David Bowie, was an English singer, songwriter and actor. He was a figure in music for over five decades, regarded by critics and musicians as an innovator. His career was marked by reinvention and visual presentation, his music, during his lifetime, his record sales, estimated at 140 million worldwide, made him one of the worlds best-selling music artists. In the UK, he was awarded nine platinum album certifications, eleven gold and eight silver, in the US, he received five platinum and seven gold certifications. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1996, born in Brixton, South London, Bowie developed an interest in music as a child, eventually studying art, music and design before embarking on a professional career as a musician in 1963. Space Oddity became his first top-five entry on the UK Singles Chart after its release in July 1969, after a period of experimentation, he re-emerged in 1972 during the glam rock era with his flamboyant and androgynous alter ego Ziggy Stardust. The character was spearheaded by the success of his single Starman and album The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars, in 1976, Bowie starred in the cult film The Man Who Fell to Earth and released Station to Station. Heroes and Lodger followed, each reached the UK top five. He then reached his peak in 1983 with Lets Dance. Throughout the 1990s and 2000s, Bowie continued to experiment with styles, including industrial. He stopped concert touring after 2004, and his last live performance was at a charity event in 2006, in 2013, Bowie returned from a decade-long recording hiatus with the release of The Next Day. He remained musically active until he died of cancer two days after the release of his final album, Blackstar. David Robert Jones was born on 8 January 1947, in Brixton, south London and his mother, Margaret Mary Peggy, was born in Kent, and had Irish ancestry, she worked as a waitress. His father, Haywood Stenton John Jones, from Yorkshire, was an officer for the childrens charity Barnardos. The family lived at 40 Stansfield Road, near the border of the south London areas of Brixton, Bowie attended Stockwell Infants School until he was six years old, acquiring a reputation as a gifted and single-minded child—and a defiant brawler. In 1953, Bowie moved with his family to the suburb of Bromley and his voice was considered adequate by the school choir, and he demonstrated above-average abilities in playing the recorder. Upon listening to Little Richards song Tutti Frutti, Bowie would later say, presleys impact on him was likewise emphatic, I saw a cousin of mine dance to. Hound Dog and I had never seen her get up and be moved so much by anything and it really impressed me, the power of the music
38.
Fame (David Bowie song)
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Fame is a song recorded by David Bowie, initially released in 1975. Written by Bowie, Carlos Alomar and John Lennon, it was a hit in North America, the song was one of the most successful singles of the year, ranking at number 7 on the Billboard Year-End Hot 100. It was less successful in Europe, reaching number 17 in the UK Singles Chart, the song is one of four of Bowies songs to be included in The Rock and Roll Hall of Fames 500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll. With the Young Americans sessions mostly concluded by late 1974, the material was delayed while Bowie extricated himself from his contract with manager Tony Defries, during this time, he was staying in New York City, where he met John Lennon. The pair jammed together, leading to a session at Electric Lady Studios in January 1975. There, Carlos Alomar had developed a riff for Bowies cover of Footstompin by the Flairs. Lennon, who was in the studio with them, sang aim over the riff, lennons voice is heard interjecting the falsetto Fame throughout the song. Bowie would later describe the song as nasty, angry, in 1990, Bowie reflected, Id had very upsetting management problems and a lot of that was built into the song. Ive left all that behind me, now, I think fame itself is not a rewarding thing. The most you can say is that it gets you a seat in restaurants, Fame became Bowies biggest hit to that point in the US. It was his first number one hit on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, as well as his first to break the top 10, but would only reach number 17 in the UK Singles Chart. Bowie would later claim that he had no idea that the song would do so well as a single. Fame –3,30 Right –4,13 The alternate version of the single had Golden Years as the B-side, the Italian version of the single had Space Oddity as the B-side. A spring 1978 performance from the Heroes tour can be heard on Stage, a live performance filmed on 12 September 1983 is included in the concert DVD Serious Moonlight. Live versions recorded during Bowies 1987 Glass Spider Tour were released as part of the Glass Spider concert DVD/CD package. An updated version recorded live by Bowie on 27 June 2000 was released on BBC Radio Theatre, London, June 27,2000, a bonus disc accompanying the first release of Bowie at the Beeb in 2000. A November 2003 live performance from the A Reality Tour is featured on the A Reality Tour DVD, released in 2004, as well as the A Reality Tour album and it was released as the B-side of the US release of Beauty and the Beast in January 1978. Re, Call 2, part of the Who Can I Be Now, compilation released in 2016, included an attempted reconstruction of the single edit, which has been criticized as inaccurate
39.
Rolling Stone
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Rolling Stone is an American biweekly magazine that focuses on popular culture. It was founded in San Francisco in 1967 by Jann Wenner, who is still the publisher. It was first known for its coverage and for political reporting by Hunter S. Thompson. In the 1990s, the magazine shifted focus to a readership interested in youth-oriented television shows, film actors. In recent years, it has resumed its traditional mix of content, Rolling Stone magazine was founded in San Francisco in 1967 by Jann Wenner and Ralph Gleason. To get it off the ground, Wenner borrowed $7,500 from his own family and from the parents of his soon-to-be wife, Jane Schindelheim. The first issue carried a date of November 9,1967. Some authors have attributed the name solely to Dylans hit single, At Gleasons suggestion, Rolling Stone initially identified with and reported the hippie counterculture of the era. In the very first edition, Wenner wrote that Rolling Stone is not just about the music, in the 1970s, Rolling Stone began to make a mark with its political coverage, with the likes of gonzo journalist Hunter S. Thompson writing for the magazines political section. Thompson first published his most famous work Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas within the pages of Rolling Stone, where he remained a contributing editor until his death in 2005. In the 1970s, the magazine also helped launch the careers of prominent authors, including Cameron Crowe, Lester Bangs, Joe Klein, Joe Eszterhas, Patti Smith. It was at point that the magazine ran some of its most famous stories. One interviewer, speaking for a number of his peers, said that he bought his first copy of the magazine upon initial arrival on his college campus. In 1977, the magazine moved its headquarters from San Francisco to New York City, editor Jann Wenner said San Francisco had become a cultural backwater. During the 1980s, the magazine began to shift towards being an entertainment magazine. Music was still a dominant topic, but there was increasing coverage of celebrities in television, films, the magazine also initiated its annual Hot Issue during this time. Rolling Stone was initially known for its coverage and for Thompsons political reporting. In the 1990s, the changed its format to appeal to a younger readership interested in youth-oriented television shows, film actors
40.
Grunge
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Grunge is a subgenre of alternative rock and a subculture that emerged during the mid-1980s in the Pacific Northwest U. S. state of Washington, particularly in Seattle and nearby towns. The early grunge movement revolved around Seattles independent record label Sub Pop, the success of these bands boosted the popularity of alternative rock and made grunge the most popular form of rock music at the time. Grunge was also an influence on subsequent genres such as post-grunge, Grunge fuses elements of punk rock and heavy metal, such as the distorted electric guitar used in both genres, although some bands performed with more emphasis on one or the other. Like these genres, grunge typically uses electric guitar, bass guitar, a drummer, Grunge also incorporates influences from indie rock bands such as Sonic Youth. Lyrics are typically angst-filled and introspective, often addressing themes such as alienation, apathy, concerns about confinement. A number of factors contributed to decline in prominence. During the mid-late 1990s, many grunge bands broke up or became less visible, the word grunge was used in print in prior to the use of the term in mainstream publications to refer to the Seattle music genre. Rock has always been about it, Theres primal grunge. distortion. and fuzz. especially on the underground, a reference to distorted sounds in rock in a general sense. Mark Arm, the vocalist for the Seattle band Green River—and later Mudhoney—is generally credited as being the first to use the term grunge to describe the Seattle genre of music. Arm first used the term in 1981, when he wrote a letter under his given name Mark McLaughlin to the Seattle zine Desperate Times, criticizing his own band Mr. Epp and the Calculations as Pure grunge. Sub Pop called Green Rivers 1986 EP Dry as a Bone ultra-loose GRUNGE that destroyed the morals of a generation, Everett True states that when Arm stated that the streets of Seattle paved with grunge, he was using the term disparagingly. In this use of the word grunge, Arm was using it as an adjective, Arm said years later, Obviously, I didnt make grunge up. I got it from someone else, the term was already being thrown around in Australia in the mid-80s to describe bands like King Snake Roost, The Scientists, Salamander Jim, and Beasts of Bourbon. Arm used grunge as a descriptive rather than a genre term. When grunge first developed, music journalists called it rock, due to the genres focus on impossibly. Evergreen State was a college which did not use grading. Bands from Portland, Oregon, such as the Wipers, also influenced the genres pioneers. Some bands associated with the genre, such as Soundgarden, Pearl Jam and Alice in Chains, have not been receptive to the label, preferring instead to be referred to as rock and roll bands
41.
Soundgarden
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Soundgarden is an American rock band formed in Seattle, Washington, in 1984 by singer and rhythm guitarist Chris Cornell, lead guitarist Kim Thayil, and bassist Hiro Yamamoto. Matt Cameron became the bands drummer in 1986, while bassist Ben Shepherd became a permanent replacement for Yamamoto in 1990. Soundgarden was one of the bands in the creation of grunge, a style of alternative rock that developed in Seattle. In 1997, the broke up due to internal strife over its creative direction. After more than a decade of working on projects and other bands, Soundgarden reunited in 2010 and their studio album. As of 2012, Soundgarden had sold more than 10.5 million records in the United States, vH1 ranked Soundgarden at number 14 in their special 100 Greatest Artists of Hard Rock. Soundgardens origins can be found in a band called The Shemps, which performed around Seattle in the early 1980s, following Yamamotos departure, the band recruited guitarist Kim Thayil as its new bassist. Soundgarden was formed in 1984 by Cornell, Yamamoto, and Thayil, Cornell originally played drums while singing, but in 1985 the band enlisted Scott Sundquist to allow Cornell to concentrate on vocals. The band traveled around playing various concerts with this line-up for about a year and their first recordings were three songs that appeared on the 1986 compilation album for C/Z Records called Deep Six. It also featured songs by fellow grunge pioneers Green River, Skin Yard, Malfunkshun, The U-Men, in 1986, Sundquist left the band to spend time with his family, and was replaced by Matt Cameron, the drummer from Skin Yard. KCMU DJ Jonathan Poneman was impressed after seeing Soundgarden perform one night, later saying, Poneman offered to fund a release by the band, so Thayil told him to team up with Bruce Pavitt. Poneman offered to contribute $20,000 in funding for Sub Pop, Soundgarden signed to Sub Pop, and the label released Hunted Down in 1987 as the bands first single. Through Sub Pop, the released the Screaming Life EP in 1987. A combination of the two was issued as Screaming Life/Fopp in 1990, though the band was being courted by major labels, in 1988 it signed to the independent label SST Records for its debut album, Ultramega OK, released on October 31,1988. Cornell said that the band made a mistake with Ultramega OK since they used a producer suggested by SST who didnt know what was happening in Seattle. On that album, Soundgarden demonstrates, according to Steve Huey of AllMusic, the bands first music video, Flower, was directed by Mark Miremont, and aired regularly on MTVs 120 Minutes. Soundgarden supported Ultramega OK with a tour in the United States in the spring of 1989 and a tour in Europe, Ultramega OK earned the band a Grammy Award nomination for Best Metal Performance in 1990. After touring in support of Ultramega OK the band signed with A&M Records, Thayil said, In the beginning, our fans came from the punk rock crowd
42.
Mother Love Bone
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Mother Love Bone was an American rock band that formed in Seattle, Washington in 1988. The band was active from 1988 to 1990, frontman Andrew Woods personality and compositions helped to catapult the group to the top of the burgeoning late 1980s/early 1990s Seattle music scene. Wood died only days before the release of the bands debut album, Apple. The album was released a few months later. Initially, the group was formed in 1987 out of the cover band Lords of the Wasteland which featured Wood, Gossard, Ament, by early 1988 the band had added Fairweather, replaced Hagar with drummer Greg Gilmore and changed its name to Mother Love Bone. This new line-up quickly set about recording and playing area shows, Woods exuberant on-stage personality, outlandish clothes and dreamy lyrics helped bring attention to the band. In the 1996 grunge documentary, Hype, Seattle engineer Jack Endino called Wood the only stand-up comedian frontman in Seattle, a reference to Woods playful style of interacting with Mother Love Bone fans. In November 1988, the band signed to PolyGram subsidiary Polydor/Stardog, as part of their contract, PolyGram also created the Stardog Records imprint exclusively for the band. In March 1989, the group issued its debut EP, Shine, the record sold well and rapidly increased the hype surrounding the band. John Book of AllMusic said the record contributed to the buzz about the Seattle music scene, in late 1989, the group returned to the studio to record its debut album, Apple. Despite some initial difficulties, the record was on time for its projected March 1990 release, only days before Apple was slated to be released, however, frontman Andrew Wood, who had a long history with drug problems, overdosed on heroin and was left braindead. After spending two days in the hospital on life support to friends and family to say goodbye, Wood died. The album would see release later that year on July 19,1990, kim Neely of Rolling Stone said that the album succeeds where countless other hard rock albums have failed, capturing the essence of what made Zep immortal – dynamics, kids. – and giving it a unique Nineties spin, the project turned into an entire album and the group took the name Temple of the Dog, a reference to a line in the lyrics of the Mother Love Bone song, Man of Golden Words. Gossard and Ament would then join Eddie Vedder and Mike McCready to form Pearl Jam, one of the most commercially successful, Fairweather initially remained inactive but later joined Seattle based psychedelic rock band Love Battery, replacing Tommy Simpson on bass in 1992. He played on two of the albums and many of its tours before leaving that band as well. In 2006, he resurfaced in The Press Corps, with Garrett Shavlik, gilmores profile also dropped significantly following Mother Love Bones demise. Between 1992 and 1994, he drummed with the band Chubby Children, reuniting with former bandmates from 1982–1985, Brian Fox, out of the band came a handful of shows and unreleased recordings
