1.
Chicago
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Chicago, officially the City of Chicago, is the third-most populous city in the United States. With over 2.7 million residents, it is the most populous city in the state of Illinois, and it is the county seat of Cook County. In 2012, Chicago was listed as a global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. Chicago has the third-largest gross metropolitan product in the United States—about $640 billion according to 2015 estimates, the city has one of the worlds largest and most diversified economies with no single industry employing more than 14% of the workforce. In 2016, Chicago hosted over 54 million domestic and international visitors, landmarks in the city include Millennium Park, Navy Pier, the Magnificent Mile, Art Institute of Chicago, Museum Campus, the Willis Tower, Museum of Science and Industry, and Lincoln Park Zoo. Chicagos culture includes the arts, novels, film, theater, especially improvisational comedy. Chicago also has sports teams in each of the major professional leagues. The city has many nicknames, the best-known being the Windy City, the name Chicago is derived from a French rendering of the Native American word shikaakwa, known to botanists as Allium tricoccum, from the Miami-Illinois language. The first known reference to the site of the current city of Chicago as Checagou was by Robert de LaSalle around 1679 in a memoir, henri Joutel, in his journal of 1688, noted that the wild garlic, called chicagoua, grew abundantly in the area. In the mid-18th century, the area was inhabited by a Native American tribe known as the Potawatomi, the first known non-indigenous permanent settler in Chicago was Jean Baptiste Point du Sable. Du Sable was of African and French descent and arrived in the 1780s and he is commonly known as the Founder of Chicago. In 1803, the United States Army built Fort Dearborn, which was destroyed in 1812 in the Battle of Fort Dearborn, the Ottawa, Ojibwe, and Potawatomi tribes had ceded additional land to the United States in the 1816 Treaty of St. Louis. The Potawatomi were forcibly removed from their land after the Treaty of Chicago in 1833, on August 12,1833, the Town of Chicago was organized with a population of about 200. Within seven years it grew to more than 4,000 people, on June 15,1835, the first public land sales began with Edmund Dick Taylor as U. S. The City of Chicago was incorporated on Saturday, March 4,1837, as the site of the Chicago Portage, the city became an important transportation hub between the eastern and western United States. Chicagos first railway, Galena and Chicago Union Railroad, and the Illinois, the canal allowed steamboats and sailing ships on the Great Lakes to connect to the Mississippi River. A flourishing economy brought residents from rural communities and immigrants from abroad, manufacturing and retail and finance sectors became dominant, influencing the American economy. The Chicago Board of Trade listed the first ever standardized exchange traded forward contracts and these issues also helped propel another Illinoisan, Abraham Lincoln, to the national stage
2.
Santa Monica, California
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Santa Monica is a beachfront city in western Los Angeles County, California, United States. The Census Bureau population for Santa Monica in 2010 was 89,736, due in part to an agreeable climate, Santa Monica became a famed resort town by the early 20th century. The city has experienced a boom since the late 1980s through the revitalization of its core, significant job growth. The Santa Monica Pier remains a popular and iconic destination, Santa Monica was long inhabited by the Tongva people. Santa Monica was called Kecheek in the Tongva language, the first non-indigenous group to set foot in the area was the party of explorer Gaspar de Portolà, who camped near the present-day intersection of Barrington and Ohio Avenues on August 3,1769. Named after the Christian saint Monica, there are two different accounts of how the name came to be. One says it was named in honor of the feast day of Saint Monica, another version says it was named by Juan Crespí on account of a pair of springs, the Kuruvungna Springs, that were reminiscent of the tears Saint Monica shed over her sons early impiety. In Los Angeles, several battles were fought by the Californios, following the Mexican–American War, Mexico signed the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, which gave Mexicans and Californios living in state certain unalienable rights. US government sovereignty in California began on February 2,1848, in the 1870s the Los Angeles and Independence Railroad, connected Santa Monica with Los Angeles, and a wharf out into the bay. The first town hall was a modest 1873 brick building, later a beer hall and it is Santa Monicas oldest extant structure. By 1885, the towns first hotel was the Santa Monica Hotel, around the start of the 20th century, a growing population of Asian Americans lived in and around Santa Monica and Venice. A Japanese fishing village was near the Long Wharf while small numbers of Chinese lived or worked in Santa Monica, the two ethnic minorities were often viewed differently by White Americans who were often well-disposed towards the Japanese but condescending towards the Chinese. The Japanese village fishermen were an economic part of the Santa Monica Bay community. Donald Wills Douglas, Sr. built a plant in 1922 at Clover Field for the Douglas Aircraft Company, in 1924, four Douglas-built planes took off from Clover Field to attempt the first aerial circumnavigation of the world. Two planes returned after covering 27,553 miles in 175 days, the Douglas Company kept facilities in the city until the 1960s. The Great Depression hit Santa Monica deeply, one report gives citywide employment in 1933 of just 1,000. Hotels and office building owners went bankrupt, in the 1930s, corruption infected Santa Monica. The federal Works Project Administration helped build several buildings, most notably City Hall, the main Post Office and Barnum Hall were also among other WPA projects
3.
Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Hollywood Hills)
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Forest Lawn Memorial Park — Hollywood Hills is one of the six Forest Lawn Southern California cemeteries. It is located at 6300 Forest Lawn Dr, Los Angeles, CA90068, in the Hollywood Hills neighborhood of Los Angeles, California. Forest Lawn — Hollywood Hills is a dedicated to the preservation of American history and hosts high-profile events such as an annual Veterans Day ceremony attended by dignitaries. The park features such sights as, The Court of Liberty features statues of George Washington and Thomas Jefferson, at 162 feet long and 28 feet high, Birth of Liberty is the largest historical mosaic in the United States. It is composed of ten pieces of Venetian glass and depicts twenty-five scenes from early America. The Old North Church, a replica of Bostons historic church. The historical rooms have documents and mementos of the colonial period, the Hall of Liberty American History Museum has a copy of the Liberty Bell and other exhibits. The museum has a 1, 200-seat auditorium, monument to Washington, a marble and bronze tribute to Americas first president, created by sculptor Thomas Ball. Four of Washingtons generals are honored in the memorial, the Lincoln Terrace features a 16-foot bronze statue of the 16th president by Augustus St. Gaudens, flanked by a panoramic mosaic depicting key scenes from Lincolns life. The Plaza of Mesoamerican Heritage has indigenous/non-Christian sculptures by Meliton Salas Rodriguez, of Guadalajara, the first Forest Lawn, in Glendale, was founded in 1906 by businessmen who hired Dr. Hubert Eaton, a firm believer in a joyous life after death. Before it was a cemetery, Forest Lawn was a location used by directors such as Carl Laemmle. The climactic battle scenes for D. W. Griffiths The Birth of a Nation were filmed there. The alternate names of the site are Providencia Flats, Nestor Ranch, Oak Ranch, Oak Crest Ranch, Universal Ranch/Universal City, Lasky Ranch. When Eaton made known his desire to open a second Forest Lawn location in the Hollywood Hills, the local residents protested vehemently. To circumvent the protesters, Mr. Eaton sent his staff to the county morgue to claim 6 John Does, in the morning, the protesters had no power because, by law, the property was now a cemetery. A mausoleum, for crypt or vault interments, a crematory and columbarium, for cinerary interments. A place where six or more bodies are buried. The new mortuary and cemetery opened in 1952, interred or entombed in the Hollywood Hills cemetery are many famous people, particularly from the entertainment industry
4.
Ethel Smith (organist)
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Ethel Smith was an American organist who played primarily in a pop style on the Hammond organ. Born Ethel Goldsmith, she performed from a young age and traveled widely. She became proficient in Latin music while staying in South America and she was a guitarist as well as an organist, and in her later years occasionally played the guitar live for audiences, but all her recordings were on the organ. She ultimately recorded dozens of albums, mostly for Decca Records, an attractive woman with a preference for colorful outfits, particularly hats, Smith performed in several Hollywood films. She was married to Hollywood actor Ralph Bellamy from 1945 to 1947, at the height of her fame and her rendition of Tico Tico became her best-known hit. Down Yonder was her second hit, reaching #16 on October 27,1951. Smiths recording of Monkey on a String became the song for Garfield Goose and Friends. Smith died on May 10,1996, at age 93, teddy Bears Picnic / Fiddle-Faddle, Decca 60.139 American Series Blame It on the Samba / The Green Cockatoo, Decca 60. A compilation of early releases from 1944–1952 The Fabulous Organ Music of Ethel Smith, MCA MSD-35255 The First Lady of the Hammond Organ, Plays Tico Tico & Other Great Recordings, for use on every Hammond Organ including all Spinet Models. The Ethel Smith Memorial Home Page Ethel Smith at the Internet Movie Database
5.
Academy Awards
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The various category winners are awarded a copy of a golden statuette, officially called the Academy Award of Merit, which has become commonly known by its nickname Oscar. The awards, first presented in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel, are overseen by AMPAS, the awards ceremony was first broadcast on radio in 1930 and televised for the first time in 1953. It is now live in more than 200 countries and can be streamed live online. The Academy Awards ceremony is the oldest worldwide entertainment awards ceremony and its equivalents – the Emmy Awards for television, the Tony Awards for theater, and the Grammy Awards for music and recording – are modeled after the Academy Awards. The 89th Academy Awards ceremony, honoring the best films of 2016, were held on February 26,2017, at the Dolby Theatre, in Los Angeles, the ceremony was hosted by Jimmy Kimmel and was broadcast on ABC. A total of 3,048 Oscars have been awarded from the inception of the award through the 88th, the first Academy Awards presentation was held on May 16,1929, at a private dinner function at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel with an audience of about 270 people. The post-awards party was held at the Mayfair Hotel, the cost of guest tickets for that nights ceremony was $5. Fifteen statuettes were awarded, honoring artists, directors and other participants in the industry of the time. The ceremony ran for 15 minutes, winners were announced to media three months earlier, however, that was changed for the second ceremony in 1930. Since then, for the rest of the first decade, the results were given to newspapers for publication at 11,00 pm on the night of the awards. The first Best Actor awarded was Emil Jannings, for his performances in The Last Command and he had to return to Europe before the ceremony, so the Academy agreed to give him the prize earlier, this made him the first Academy Award winner in history. With the fourth ceremony, however, the system changed, for the first six ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned two calendar years. At the 29th ceremony, held on March 27,1957, until then, foreign-language films had been honored with the Special Achievement Award. The 74th Academy Awards, held in 2002, presented the first Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, since 1973, all Academy Awards ceremonies always end with the Academy Award for Best Picture. The Academy also awards Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting, see also § Awards of Merit categories The best known award is the Academy Award of Merit, more popularly known as the Oscar statuette. The five spokes represent the branches of the Academy, Actors, Writers, Directors, Producers. The model for the statuette is said to be Mexican actor Emilio El Indio Fernández, sculptor George Stanley sculpted Cedric Gibbons design. The statuettes presented at the ceremonies were gold-plated solid bronze
6.
The Awful Truth
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The Awful Truth is a 1937 American screwball comedy film starring Irene Dunne and Cary Grant. The plot concerns the machinations of a couple, played by Dunne and Grant. The film was directed by Leo McCarey and was written by Viña Delmar, with uncredited assistance from Sidney Buchman and McCarey, in 1996, The Awful Truth was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry, having been deemed culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant. Jerry Warriner returns home from a trip, which he says was to Florida, to find that his wife. When she returns in the company of her music teacher, Armand Duvalle, Jerry learns that Lucy spent the night in the country with Armand, after his car, they claim. Lucy then discovers that Jerry did not actually go to Florida, though he went so far as to get an artificial tan, however, Leesons mother does not approve of her. Eventually, Lucy realizes that she still loves Jerry and decides to break off the engagement, however, before she can inform Dan, Armand shows up at her apartment to discuss Jerrys earlier interruption of Lucys singing recital. When Jerry knocks on the door, Armand decides it would be prudent to hide in the bedroom, Jerry wants to reconcile, much to Lucys delight, but then Dan and his mother make an appearance. Wanting to avoid complications, Jerry slips into Lucys bedroom, too, a fight erupts when he finds Armand already there. When Jerry chases Armand out of the apartment in front of the Leesons, Dan, afterwards, Jerry is seen around town with heiress Barbara Vance. To break up this relationship, on the night before the divorce decree, Lucy crashes a party at the Vance mansion. She acts like a showgirl and lets on that Jerrys father had been a gardener at Princeton University, realizing that his chances with Barbara have been effectively sabotaged, Jerry drives Lucy away in her car. Motorcycle policemen stop them on the road, and Lucy, plotting to spend time with Jerry. The couple get a lift to her aunts cabin from the policemen, Once there, Jerry admits having made a fool of himself and the Warriners are happily reconciled, just before the clock strikes midnight. Grant fought hard to get out of the film during its shooting, since McCarey seemed to be improvising as he went along, and Grant even wanted to switch roles with co-star Ralph Bellamy. Although this initially led to feelings, it didnt prevent other McCarey–Grant collaborations—My Favorite Wife, Once Upon a Honeymoon. The Awful Truth marked the first appearance of the uniquely effective light comedy persona used by Cary Grant in almost all his subsequent films, catapulting his career to worldwide fame. Writer/director Peter Bogdanovich has noted that after this movie, when it came to light comedy, there was Cary Grant, McCarey is largely credited with concocting this persona, and the two men even shared an eerie physical resemblance along with a similarity in their names
7.
Canada
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Canada is a country in the northern half of North America. Canadas border with the United States is the worlds longest binational land border, the majority of the country has a cold or severely cold winter climate, but southerly areas are warm in summer. Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its territory being dominated by forest and tundra. It is highly urbanized with 82 per cent of the 35.15 million people concentrated in large and medium-sized cities, One third of the population lives in the three largest cities, Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver. Its capital is Ottawa, and other urban areas include Calgary, Edmonton, Quebec City, Winnipeg. Various aboriginal peoples had inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years prior to European colonization. Pursuant to the British North America Act, on July 1,1867, the colonies of Canada, New Brunswick and this began an accretion of provinces and territories to the mostly self-governing Dominion to the present ten provinces and three territories forming modern Canada. With the Constitution Act 1982, Canada took over authority, removing the last remaining ties of legal dependence on the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Canada is a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy, with Queen Elizabeth II being the head of state. The country is officially bilingual at the federal level and it is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many other countries. Its advanced economy is the eleventh largest in the world, relying chiefly upon its abundant natural resources, Canadas long and complex relationship with the United States has had a significant impact on its economy and culture. Canada is a country and has the tenth highest nominal per capita income globally as well as the ninth highest ranking in the Human Development Index. It ranks among the highest in international measurements of government transparency, civil liberties, quality of life, economic freedom, Canada is an influential nation in the world, primarily due to its inclusive values, years of prosperity and stability, stable economy, and efficient military. While a variety of theories have been postulated for the origins of Canada. In 1535, indigenous inhabitants of the present-day Quebec City region used the word to direct French explorer Jacques Cartier to the village of Stadacona, from the 16th to the early 18th century Canada referred to the part of New France that lay along the St. Lawrence River. In 1791, the area became two British colonies called Upper Canada and Lower Canada collectively named The Canadas, until their union as the British Province of Canada in 1841. Upon Confederation in 1867, Canada was adopted as the name for the new country at the London Conference. The transition away from the use of Dominion was formally reflected in 1982 with the passage of the Canada Act, later that year, the name of national holiday was changed from Dominion Day to Canada Day
8.
New York City
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The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over an area of about 302.6 square miles. Located at the tip of the state of New York. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has described as the cultural and financial capital of the world. Situated on one of the worlds largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, the five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. In 2013, the MSA produced a gross metropolitan product of nearly US$1.39 trillion, in 2012, the CSA generated a GMP of over US$1.55 trillion. NYCs MSA and CSA GDP are higher than all but 11 and 12 countries, New York City traces its origin to its 1624 founding in Lower Manhattan as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the countrys largest city since 1790, the Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a symbol of the United States and its democracy. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. Several sources have ranked New York the most photographed city in the world, the names of many of the citys bridges, tapered skyscrapers, and parks are known around the world. Manhattans real estate market is among the most expensive in the world, Manhattans Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere, with multiple signature Chinatowns developing across the city. Providing continuous 24/7 service, the New York City Subway is one of the most extensive metro systems worldwide, with 472 stations in operation. Over 120 colleges and universities are located in New York City, including Columbia University, New York University, and Rockefeller University, during the Wisconsinan glaciation, the New York City region was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet over 1,000 feet in depth. The ice sheet scraped away large amounts of soil, leaving the bedrock that serves as the foundation for much of New York City today. Later on, movement of the ice sheet would contribute to the separation of what are now Long Island and Staten Island. The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown and he claimed the area for France and named it Nouvelle Angoulême. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he returned to Spain in August and he proceeded to sail up what the Dutch would name the North River, named first by Hudson as the Mauritius after Maurice, Prince of Orange
9.
Theatre
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The performers may communicate this experience to the audience through combinations of gesture, speech, song, music, and dance. Elements of art, such as painted scenery and stagecraft such as lighting are used to enhance the physicality, presence, the specific place of the performance is also named by the word theatre as derived from the Ancient Greek θέατρον, itself from θεάομαι. Modern theatre, broadly defined, includes performances of plays and musical theatre, there are connections between theatre and the art forms of ballet, opera and various other forms. The city-state of Athens is where western theatre originated, participation in the city-states many festivals—and mandatory attendance at the City Dionysia as an audience member in particular—was an important part of citizenship. The Greeks also developed the concepts of dramatic criticism and theatre architecture, Actors were either amateur or at best semi-professional. The theatre of ancient Greece consisted of three types of drama, tragedy, comedy, and the satyr play, the origins of theatre in ancient Greece, according to Aristotle, the first theoretician of theatre, are to be found in the festivals that honoured Dionysus. The performances were given in semi-circular auditoria cut into hillsides, capable of seating 10, the stage consisted of a dancing floor, dressing room and scene-building area. Since the words were the most important part, good acoustics, the actors wore masks appropriate to the characters they represented, and each might play several parts. Athenian tragedy—the oldest surviving form of tragedy—is a type of dance-drama that formed an important part of the culture of the city-state. Having emerged sometime during the 6th century BCE, it flowered during the 5th century BCE, no tragedies from the 6th century BCE and only 32 of the more than a thousand that were performed in during the 5th century BCE have survived. We have complete texts extant by Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides, the origins of tragedy remain obscure, though by the 5th century BCE it was institution alised in competitions held as part of festivities celebrating Dionysus. As contestants in the City Dionysias competition playwrights were required to present a tetralogy of plays, the performance of tragedies at the City Dionysia may have begun as early as 534 BCE, official records begin from 501 BCE, when the satyr play was introduced. More than 130 years later, the philosopher Aristotle analysed 5th-century Athenian tragedy in the oldest surviving work of dramatic theory—his Poetics, Athenian comedy is conventionally divided into three periods, Old Comedy, Middle Comedy, and New Comedy. Old Comedy survives today largely in the form of the surviving plays of Aristophanes. New Comedy is known primarily from the papyrus fragments of Menander. Aristotle defined comedy as a representation of people that involves some kind of blunder or ugliness that does not cause pain or disaster. In addition to the categories of comedy and tragedy at the City Dionysia, finding its origins in rural, agricultural rituals dedicated to Dionysus, the satyr play eventually found its way to Athens in its most well-known form. Satyrs themselves were tied to the god Dionysus as his loyal companions, often engaging in drunken revelry
10.
Fay Wray
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Vina Fay Wray was a Canadian/American actress most noted for playing the female lead in the 1933 film King Kong as Ann Darrow. Through an acting career that spanned 57 years, Wray attained international renown as an actress in movie roles. She was one of the first scream queens, after appearing in minor movie roles, Wray gained media attention being selected as one of the WAMPAS Baby Stars. This led to her being contracted to Paramount Pictures as a teenager, for RKO Radio Pictures, Inc. she starred in the film with which she is most identified, King Kong. After the success of King Kong, Wray made numerous appearances in film and television before retiring in 1980. She was one of six children and was a granddaughter of Daniel Webster Jones, Wray was never a Mormon herself. Her family returned to the United States a few years after she was born, they moved to Salt Lake City in 1912 and moved to Lark, Utah in 1914. In 1919, the Wray family returned to Salt Lake City, and then relocated to Hollywood, in 1923, Wray appeared in her first film at the age of 16, when she landed a role in a short historical film sponsored by a local newspaper. In the 1920s, Wray landed a role in the silent film The Coast Patrol. In 1926, the Western Association of Motion Picture Advertisers selected Wray as one of the WAMPAS Baby Stars and she was at the time under contract to Universal Studios, mostly co-starring in low-budget Westerns opposite Buck Jones. The following year, Wray was signed to a contract with Paramount Pictures, in 1928, director Erich von Stroheim cast her as the main female lead in his film The Wedding March, released by Paramount. While the film was noted for its budget and production values, it was a financial failure. Wray stayed with Paramount to make more than a dozen films, after leaving Paramount, Wray signed to various film companies. Under these deals, Wray was cast in various films, including Doctor X. However, her greatest known films were produced under her deal with RKO Radio Pictures. The Most Dangerous Game was followed by Wrays most memorable film, cooper to play the role of Ann Darrow, the blonde captive of King Kong. Wray was paid $10,000 to play the role, the film was a commercial success. Wray was reportedly proud that the film saved RKO from bankruptcy, Wrays role would become the one with which she would be most associated. She continued to star in films, including The Richest Girl in the World, a second film with Joel McCrea
11.
Cary Grant
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Cary Grant was a British-American actor, known as one of classic Hollywoods definitive leading men. He began a career in Hollywood in the early 1930s, and became known for his accent, debonair demeanor. He became an American citizen in 1942, Born in Horfield, Bristol, Grant became attracted to theatre at a young age, and began performing with a troupe known as The Penders from the age of six. After attending Bishop Road Primary School and Fairfield Grammar School in Bristol, he toured the country as a stage performer and he established a name for himself in vaudeville in the 1920s and toured the United States before moving to Hollywood in the early 1930s. Along with the later Arsenic and Old Lace and I Was a Male War Bride, having established himself as a major Hollywood star, he was nominated twice for the Academy Award for Best Actor, for Penny Serenade and None but the Lonely Heart. In the 1940s and 1950s, Grant forged a relationship with the director Alfred Hitchcock, appearing in films such as Suspicion, Notorious, To Catch a Thief. Hitchcock admired Grant and considered him to have been the actor that he had ever loved working with. His comic timing and delivery made Grant what Premiere magazine considers to have quite simply. Grant was married five times, three of his marriages were elopements with actresses—Virginia Cherrill, Betsy Drake and Dyan Cannon and he has one daughter with Cannon, Jennifer Grant. After his retirement from acting in 1966, Grant pursued numerous business interests, representing cosmetics firm Fabergé. He was presented with an Honorary Oscar by his friend Frank Sinatra at the 42nd Academy Awards in 1970, in 1999, the American Film Institute named Grant the second greatest male star of Golden Age Hollywood cinema, after Humphrey Bogart. Grant was born Archibald Alec Leach on January 18,1904 at 15 Hughenden Road in the northern Bristol suburb of Horfield and he was the second child of Elias James Leach and Elsie Maria Leach. Elias, the son of a potter, worked as a tailors presser at a factory, while Elsie. Grants elder brother, John William Elias Leach, died of tuberculous meningitis, Grant considered himself to have been partly Jewish. He had an upbringing, his father was an alcoholic. Wanting the best for her son, Elsie taught Grant song and dance when he was four and she would occasionally take him to the cinema where he enjoyed the performances of Charlie Chaplin, Chester Conklin, Fatty Arbuckle, Ford Sterling, Mack Swain and Broncho Billy Anderson. Grant entered education when he was four-and-a-half and was sent to the Bishop Road Primary School, Bristol, another biographer, Geoffrey Wansell, notes that Elsie blamed herself bitterly for the death of Grants older brother John, and never recovered from it. Grant later acknowledged that his experiences with his fiercely independent mother affected his relationships with women later in life
12.
Rosalind Russell
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A noted comedian, she won all five Golden Globes for which she was nominated. Russell won a Tony Award in 1953 for Best Performance by an Actress in a Musical for her portrayal of Ruth in the Broadway show Wonderful Town and she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress four times throughout her career. She had a career span from the 1930s to the 1970s. Catherine Rosalind Russell was one of seven children born in Waterbury, Connecticut, to James Edward, a lawyer, and Clara A. Russell and she was named after a ship on which her parents had traveled. Her parents thought Russell was studying to become a teacher, and were unaware that she was planning to become a comedic actress, Russell started her career as a fashion model and was in many Broadway shows. Against parental objections, she took a job at a company for seven months at Saranac Lake and then Hartford. Afterwards, she moved to Boston, where she acted for a year at a group for Edward E. Clive. Later, she appeared in a revue in New York, there, she took voice lessons and built a career in the opera, which was short-lived due to her difficulty in reaching high notes. In the early 1930s, Russell went west to Los Angeles, when she first arrived on the lot, she was ignored by most of the crew and later told the press she felt terrible and humiliated at Universal, which affected her self-confidence. Unhappy with Universals leadership, and second-class studio status at the time, when MGM first approached her for a screen test, Russell was wary, remembering her experience at Universal. When she met MGMs Benny Thau and Ben Piazza, she was surprised and her screen test was directed by Harold S. Bucquet, and she later recalled that she was hired because of a closeup he took of her. Under contract to MGM, Russell debuted in Evelyn Prentice, although the role was small, she received good notices, with one critic saying that she was convincing as the woman scorned. She starred in comedies such as Forsaking All Others and Fours a Crowd, as well as dramas, including Craigs Wife. Russell was first acclaimed when she co-starred with Robert Young in the MGM drama West Point of the Air, One critic wrote, Rosalind Russell as the other woman in the story gives an intelligent and deft handling to her scenes with Young. She quickly rose to fame, and by 1935, was seen as a replacement for actress Myrna Loy, in her first years in Hollywood, Russell was characterized, both in her personal life and film career, as a sophisticated lady. This dissatisfied Russell, who claimed in a 1936 interview, Being typed as a lady is the greatest misfortune possible to a motion picture actress and it limits your characterizations, confines you to play feminine sops and menaces and the public never highly approves of either. I earnestly want to get away from this, first, because I want to improve my career and professional life and, secondly because I am tired of being a clothes horse – a sort of hothouse orchid in a stand of wild flowers. Russell approached director Frank Lloyd for help changing her image, but instead of helping her, in 1939, she was cast as catty gossip Sylvia Fowler in the all-female comedy The Women, directed by George Cukor
13.
His Girl Friday
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This was the second time the play had been adapted for the screen, the first occasion being the 1931 film also called The Front Page. The major change in version, introduced by Hawks, is that the role of Hildy Johnson is a woman. The film stars Cary Grant as Walter Burns and Rosalind Russell as Hildy Johnson, the film was #19 on American Film Institutes 100 Years.100 Laughs and has been selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry. Due to a failure to renew the registration, the film entered the public domain in the United States in 1968. The 1928 play it is based on remains under copyright in the United States until 2024, Walter determines to sabotage these plans, enticing the reluctant Hildy to cover one last story, the upcoming execution of convicted murderer Earl Williams. Walter does everything he can to keep Hildy from leaving, including setting Bruce up so he arrested over and over again on trumped-up charges. He even kidnaps Hildys stern mother-in-law-to-be, when Williams escapes from the bumbling sheriff and practically falls into Hildys lap, the lure of a big scoop proves too much for her. She is so consumed with writing the story that she hardly notices as Bruce realizes his cause is hopeless, Walter and Hildy find out in time to save Williams from the gallows and they use the information to blackmail the mayor and sheriff into dropping Walters arrest for kidnapping. His Girl Friday was originally intended to be an adaptation of The Front Page. But during auditions, a woman, Howard Hawkss secretary, read reporter Hildy Johnsons lines, Hawks liked the way the dialogue sounded coming from a woman, resulting in the script being rewritten to make Hildy female and the ex-wife of editor Walter Burns. Most of the dialogue and all of the characters names were left the same, with the exception of Hildys fiancé. Hawks had great difficulty casting this film, while the choice of Cary Grant was almost instantaneous, the casting of Hildy was a more extended process. Jean Arthur was offered the part, and was suspended by the studio when she refused to take it, joan Crawford was reportedly also considered. Hawks then turned to Rosalind Russell, during filming, Russell noticed that Hawks treated her like an also-ran, so she confronted him, You dont want me, do you. Well, youre stuck with me, so you might as well make the most of it, the film had the working title of The Bigger They Are, and was in production from September 27 to November 21,1939. In her autobiography, Life Is A Banquet, Russell wrote that she thought her role did not have as many lines as Grants. With Hawks encouraging ad-libbing on the set, Russell was able to slip her writers work into the movie, only Grant was wise to this tactic and greeted her each morning saying, What have you got today. The film is noted for its rapid-fire repartee, using overlapping dialogue to make sound more realistic
14.
Man Against Crime
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Man Against Crime starring Ralph Bellamy, one of the first television programs about private eyes, ran on CBS, the DuMont Television Network and NBC from October 7,1949 to June 27,1954. The show was created by Lawrence Klee and was broadcast live until 1952, the series was one of the few television programs ever to have been simulcast on more than one network, the program aired on both NBC and DuMont during the 1953-1954 television season. Man Against Crime stars Ralph Bellamy as Mike Barnett, a New York freelance private eye, in the 1951 season, Robert Preston co-starred as Mike Barnetts brother, Pat. In the summer of 1956, Frank Lovejoy took over the role of Mike Barnett until the end that same year. As he knocks on Barnetts door, there is a spray of sub-machine gun fire, Barnett opens the door, hears the click of the bolt on the gun, ducks and is missed by a second, shorter burst of slugs. Barnett then takes off after the killer while Follow That Man appears in bold letters, the filmed episodes were syndicated as Follow That Man because the sponsor owned the original title. The shows first prime-time episode aired on CBS on 7 October 1949, in the 1950-1951 season, the series finished at #13 in the Nielsen ratings, followed by a #29 finish in 1951-1952. Interior filming was done at the Bedford Park Studios in New York City, while exteriors were filmed in Manhattan and NYCs other boroughs, as well as in Washington, D. C. and Pennsylvania. The R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company sponsored the series, as well as holding a share in the program
15.
The Dick Powell Show
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The Dick Powell Show is an American anthology series that ran on NBC from 1961 to 1963, primarily sponsored by the Reynolds Metals Company. It was hosted by film star Dick Powell until his death from lung cancer on January 2,1963. The first of these hosts was Gregory Peck, who began the January 8 program with a tribute to Powell, recognizing him as a great, the series was an anthology of various dramas and comedies. It featured many stars, producers and directors early in their careers, including Aaron Spelling, William Friedkin. Blake Edwards wrote and directed a number of episodes including two featuring Robert Vaughn as an Ivy League private eye known as The Boston Terrier. The original pilot episode for Burkes Law, starring Powell as Amos Burke, appeared as the episode of this series. Dick Powells Zane Grey Theater had run on CBS in the late 1950s, the Dick Powell Show was one of the many productions of Four Star Television. The series theme, More Than Love, and the majority of musical compositions heard throughout the series, was the work of Herschel Burke Gilbert, the Dick Powell Show at the Internet Movie Database The Dick Powell Show at TV. com The Dick Powell Show at CVTA
16.
Ronald Reagan
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Ronald Wilson Reagan was an American politician and actor who was the 40th President of the United States, from 1981 to 1989. Before his presidency, he was the 33rd Governor of California, from 1967 to 1975, after a career as a Hollywood actor and union leader. Raised in a family in small towns of northern Illinois, Reagan graduated from Eureka College in 1932. After moving to Hollywood in 1937, he became an actor, Reagan was twice elected President of the Screen Actors Guild, the labor union for actors, where he worked to root out Communist influence. In the 1950s, he moved into television and was a speaker at General Electric factories. Having been a lifelong Democrat, his views changed and he became a conservative and in 1962 switched to the Republican Party. In 1964, Reagans speech, A Time for Choosing, in support of Barry Goldwaters foundering presidential campaign, Building a network of supporters, he was elected Governor of California in 1966. Entering the presidency in 1981, Reagan implemented sweeping new political, in his first term he survived an assassination attempt, spurred the War on Drugs, and fought public sector labor. During his re-election bid, Reagan campaigned on the notion that it was Morning in America, foreign affairs dominated his second term, including ending of the Cold War, the bombing of Libya, and the Iran–Contra affair. Publicly describing the Soviet Union as an empire, and during his famous speech at the Brandenburg Gate. Jack, a salesman and storyteller, was the grandson of Irish Catholic immigrants from County Tipperary, Reagan had one older brother, John Neil Reagan, who became an advertising executive. As a boy, Reagans father nicknamed his son Dutch, due to his fat little Dutchman-like appearance and Dutchboy haircut, Reagans family briefly lived in several towns and cities in Illinois, including Monmouth, Galesburg, and Chicago. In 1919, they returned to Tampico and lived above the H. C, Pitney Variety Store until finally settling in Dixon. After his election as president, residing in the upstairs White House private quarters, for the time, Reagan was unusual in his opposition to racial discrimination, and recalled a time in Dixon when the local inn would not allow black people to stay there. Reagan brought them back to his house, where his mother invited them to stay the night and have breakfast the next morning, after the closure of the Pitney Store in late 1920 and the familys move to Dixon, the midwestern small universe had a lasting impression on Reagan. Reagan attended Dixon High School, where he developed interests in acting, sports and his first job was as a lifeguard at the Rock River in Lowell Park in 1927. Over a six-year period, Reagan reportedly performed 77 rescues as a lifeguard and he attended Eureka College, a Disciples-oriented liberal arts school, where he became a member of the Tau Kappa Epsilon fraternity, a cheerleader, and studied economics and sociology. While involved, the Miller Center of Public Affairs described him as an indifferent student and he majored in economics and sociology, and graduated with a C grade
17.
Nick Adams (actor, born 1931)
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Nick Adams was an American film and television actor and screenwriter. He was noted for his roles in several Hollywood films during the 1950s and 1960s along with his role in the ABC television series The Rebel. Adams was born Nicholas Aloysius Adamshock in Nanticoke, Pennsylvania to Peter Adamshock and his father was a Ukrainian-born anthracite coal miner. In 1958 he told columnist Hedda Hopper, We lived in those little company houses -- they were terrible and we had to buy from the company store and were always in debt and could never leave. The family did leave when he was five years old, after Adams uncle was killed in a mining accident and my father piled all our belongings into an old jalopy, with our bedding on top, Adams recalled. We didnt know where we were going and he started driving, and ran out of gas and money in Jersey City, New Jersey at Audubon Park. A man came over and started talking to us, a Mr. Cohn and he said to my father You look like you need a job, and my father said I do. Adams father was given a job as janitor of an apartment building along with living quarters in the basement, eventually, they moved to Van Nostrand Avenue between Ocean Avenue and Rutgers Avenue. His mother worked for Western Electric in Kearny, New Jersey, while still in high school Adams was offered a playing position in minor league baseball with the St. Louis Cardinals but turned it down because he was uninterested in the low pay. He briefly worked as a bat boy for the Jersey City Giants, some sources recount Adams made money as a teenager by hustling pool games. In 1948, while visiting New York, 17-year-old Adams wandered into an audition for Seán OCaseys play, The Silver Tassie, when Palance, whose father was also a Ukrainian coal miner from Northeastern Pennsylvania, asked why he wanted to act, Adams replied, For the money. Palance introduced him to the director of The Silver Tassie as Nick Adams, after the director declined to hire him as an extra, Palance sent Adams to a nearby junior theater group where he got his first acting job playing the role of Muff Potter in Tom Sawyer. While trying to get a role in the play Mister Roberts, Adams friends teased him about his acting ambitions. Everybody thought I was crazy, he recalled and my father said, Nick, get a trade, be a barber or something. I said, But, Pop, I want to do something where I can make lots of money and you cant make lots of money with just a trade. After a year of acting in New York, Adams hitchiked to Los Angeles. Adams was a reader of fan magazines and came to believe he could meet agents. He got a job there as doorman, usher, and maintenance man and he was fired after he put his own name up as a publicity stunt
18.
Lloyd Bridges
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Lloyd Vernet Bridges Jr. was an American film, stage and television actor who starred in a number of television series and appeared in more than 150 feature films. He was the father of actors Beau Bridges and Jeff Bridges, Bridges was born in San Leandro, California, to Lloyd Vernet Bridges, Sr. who was involved in the California hotel business and once owned a movie theater, and his wife Harriet Evelyn Bridges. His parents were natives of Kansas, and of English ancestry. Bridges graduated from Petaluma High School in 1930 and he then studied political science at UCLA, where he was a member of Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity. Bridges made his Broadway debut in 1939 in a production of Shakespeares Othello, in 1941, he joined the stock company at Columbia Pictures, where he played small roles in features and short subjects. He left Columbia Pictures during World War II to enlist in the United States Coast Guard, following his discharge, he returned to acting. In later years he was a member of U. S. Coast Guard Auxiliary, 11th District, because of his support, he was made an honorary commodore. Bridges sons, actors Beau and Jeff, also served in the Coast Guard and he returned to acting after he was cleared by the FBI, achieving his greatest success in television. Bridges gained attention in 1956 for his performance on live anthology program The Alcoa Hour, in an episode titled Tragedy in a Temporary Town. During the performance, Bridges inadvertently used profanity while ad-libbing, although the slip of the tongue generated hundreds of complaints, the episode won a Robert E. Sherwood Television Award, with Bridges slip being defended even by some members of the clergy. Bridges received an Emmy Award nomination for the role, Bridges gained wide recognition as Mike Nelson, the main character in the television series Sea Hunt, created by Ivan Tors, which ran in syndication from 1958–1961. He also wrote a book with a co-author about skin-diving entitled Mask, following that success, he starred in the eponymous CBS anthology series The Lloyd Bridges Show, which included appearances by his sons Beau and Jeff. Producer Gene Roddenberry, who worked with Bridges on Sea Hunt, in addition, he was a regular cast member in the Rod Serling western series The Loner, and in the two NBC failures San Francisco International Airport and a Police Story spin-off Joe Forrester. Later, he appeared in Paper Dolls and Capital News, both for ABC, and again with Harts of the West, this time for CBS, a comedy/western set on a dude ranch in Nevada. Son Beau Bridges co-starred, along with Harley Jane Kozak as Beaus wife, Alison Hart, Bridges played significant roles in several mini-series, including Roots, How the West Was Won and The Blue and the Gray. For more than years, Bridges was a frequent guest star on television series. He received a second Emmy Award nomination four decades after the first when he was nominated in 1998 for his role as Izzy Mandelbaum on Seinfeld and he portrayed Commander Cain in the original Battlestar Galactica television series, in the two-part episode The Living Legend. His fate was left unanswered, spurring fans to call for his return and this popularity led to a radically re-imagined Cain character in the 2004 series
19.
Mickey Rooney
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Mickey Rooney was an American actor, producer, vaudevillian, comedian and radio personality. In a career spanning nine decades and continuing until shortly before his death, a versatile performer, he became a celebrated character actor later in his career. Laurence Olivier once said he considered Rooney the best there has ever been, clarence Brown, who directed him in two of his earliest dramatic roles, National Velvet and The Human Comedy, said he was the closest thing to a genius I ever worked with. Rooney first performed in vaudeville as a child and made his debut at the age of six. At thirteen he played Puck in the play and later the 1935 film adaptation of A Midsummer Nights Dream, critic David Thomson hailed his performance as one of cinemas most arresting pieces of magic. In 1938, he co-starred in Boys Town, at nineteen he was the first teenager to be nominated for an Oscar for his leading role in Babes in Arms, and he was awarded a special Academy Juvenile Award in 1939. At the peak of his career between the ages of 15 and 25, he made films, which made him one of MGMs most consistently successful actors. Rooney was the top box office attraction from 1939 to 1941, and one of the actors of that era. Drafted into the Army during World War II, he served two years entertaining over two million troops on stage and radio and was awarded a Bronze Star for performing in combat zones. Returning from the war in 1945, he was too old for juvenile roles but too short to be a movie star. Nevertheless, Rooneys popularity was renewed with well-received supporting roles in such as Requiem for a Heavyweight, Its a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World. In the early 1980s, he returned to Broadway in Sugar Babies, Rooney made hundreds of appearances on TV, including dramas, variety programs, and talk shows, and won an Emmy in 1964, with another Emmy plus a Golden Globe for his role in Bill. At his death, Vanity Fair called him the original Hollywood train wreck and he struggled with alcohol and pill addiction and married eight times, the first time to Ava Gardner. Despite earning millions during his career, he had to file for bankruptcy in 1962 due to mismanagement of his finances. Shortly before his death in 2014 at age 93, he alleged mistreatment by some members and testified before Congress about what he alleged was physical abuse. By the end of his life, his millions in earnings had dwindled to an estate that was valued at only $18,000 and he died owing medical bills and back taxes, and contributions were solicited from the public. His mother was a chorus girl and a burlesque performer. When Rooney was born, they were appearing in a Brooklyn production of A Gaiety Girl, Rooney later recounted in his memoirs that he began performing at the age of 17 months as part of his parents routine, wearing a specially tailored tuxedo
20.
Edgar Bergen
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Edgar John Bergen was an American actor, comedian and radio performer, best known for his proficiency in ventriloquism and his characters Charlie McCarthy and Mortimer Snerd. He is also the father of actress Candice Bergen, Bergen was born in Chicago, Illinois, one of five children and the youngest of two sons of Swedish immigrants Nilla Svensdotter and Johan Henriksson Berggren. He lived on a farm near Decatur, Michigan until he was 4 when his family returned to Sweden where he learned the language and he taught himself ventriloquism from a pamphlet called The Wizards Manual when he was 11 after his family returned to Chicago. He attended Lake View High School, after his father died when he was just 16, he went out to work as an apprentice accountant, a furnace stoke, a player piano operator, and a projectionist in a silent-movie house. The famous ventriloquist Harry Lester was so impressed by Edgar that he gave the teenager almost daily lessons for three months in the fundamentals of ventriloquism. In the fall of 1919, Edgar paid Chicago woodcarver Theodore Mack $36 to sculpt a likeness of a rascally red-headed Irish newspaperboy he knew, the head went on a dummy named Charlie McCarthy, which became Bergens lifelong sidekick. He had created the body himself, using a length of broomstick for the backbone. For college he attended Northwestern University where he was enrolled in the program to please his mother. He switched to Speech & Drama but never completed his degree and he gave his first public performance at Waveland Avenue Congregational Church located on the northeast corner of Waveland and Janssen. He lived across the street from the church and he cut out an R and a G from his family name and went from Berggren to Bergen on the showbills. Between June 1922 and August 1925, he performed every summer on the professional Chautauqua circuit, Bergen had an interest in aviation, becoming a private pilot. His first performances were in vaudeville, at which point he changed his last name to the easier-to-pronounce Bergen. He worked in one-reel movie shorts, but his success was on the radio. He and Charlie were seen at a New York party by Elsa Maxwell for Noël Coward and it was there that two producers saw Bergen and Charlie perform. They then recommended them for a guest appearance on Rudy Vallées program and their initial appearance was so successful that the following year they were given regular cast rolls as part of The Chase and Sanborn Hour. Under various sponsors, they were on the air from May 9,1937 to July 1,1956, the popularity of a ventriloquist on radio, when one could see neither the dummies nor his skill, surprised and puzzled many critics, then and now. Even knowing that Bergen provided the voice, listeners perceived Charlie as a genuine person, thus, in 1947, Sam Berman caricatured Bergen and McCarthy for the networks glossy promotional book, NBC Parade of Stars, As Heard Over Your Favorite NBC Station. Bergens skill as an entertainer, especially his characterization of Charlie, Bergens success on radio was paralleled in the United Kingdom by Peter Brough and his dummy Archie Andrews
21.
Jack Carson
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John Elmer Jack Carson was a Canadian-born American-based film actor. Carson was one of the most popular character actors during the age of Hollywood, with a film career spanning the 1930s, 1940s. Though he was used in supporting roles for comic relief, his work in films such as Mildred Pierce. He worked for RKO and MGM, but most of his work was for Warner Brothers. His trademark character was the wisecracking know-it-all, typically and inevitably undone by his own smug cockiness and he was born in Carman, Manitoba to Elmer and Elsa Carson. In 1914, the moved to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, which he always thought of as his home town. He attended high school at Hartford School, Milwaukee and St. Johns Military Academy, Delafield, Carson became a U. S. citizen in California in 1949. Because of his size —6 ft 2 in and 220 lb, in the midst of a performance, he tripped and took half the set with him. A college friend, Dave Willock, thought it was so funny he persuaded Carson to team with him in a vaudeville act — Willock and Carson — and a new career was born. This piece of unplanned business would be typical of the sorts of things that tended to happen to Carson in many of his film roles, during the 1930s, as vaudeville declined from increased competition from radio and the movies, Willock and Carson sought work in Hollywood. Carson initially landed bit roles at RKO Radio Pictures in films such as Bringing Up Baby, starring Cary Grant, Radio was another source of employment for the team, starting with a 1938 appearance on the Kraft Music Hall when Bing Crosby hosted the show. This led to a number of other appearances culminating in Carsons own radio show, The New Jack Carson Show, from 1950-51, Jack was one of four alternating weekly hosts of the Wednesday evening NBC Television comedy-variety show Four Star Revue. The second season was his last with the show, when it was renamed All Star Revue and his success in radio led to the start of a lucrative film career. An early standout role for Carson was as a mock-drunk undercover G-Man opposite Richard Cromwell in Universal Picturess anti-Nazi action drama entitled Enemy Agent and this led to contract-player status with Warner Brothers shortly thereafter. While there, he was teamed with Dennis Morgan in a number of films, most of his work at Warner Brothers was limited to light comedy work with Morgan, and later Doris Day. Critics generally agree that Carsons best work was in Mildred Pierce, also in 1945, he played the role of Harold Pierson, the second husband of Louise Randall, played by Rosalind Russell, in Roughly Speaking. Another role which won accolades for him was as publicist Matt Libby in A Star is Born, one of his last film roles was as the older brother Gooper in Cat on a Hot Tin Roof. His TV pilot, Kentucky Kid, was under consideration as a series for NBC
22.
Kay Thompson
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Kay Thompson was an American author, composer, musician, actress and singer. She is best known as the creator of the Eloise childrens books, Thompson was born Catherine Louise Fink in St. Thompsons parents were married on November 29,1905, in East St. Louis, St. Clair County, Illinois. Thompsons siblings were, Blanche Margaret Fink, Mrs. Hurd, Leo George Bud Fink, Jr. and Marian Antoinette Fink, Thompson began her career in the 1930s as a singer and choral director for radio. Her first big break was as a singer on the Bing Crosby-Woodbury Show Bing Crosby Entertains. This led to a spot on The Fred Waring-Ford Dealers Show and then, with conductor Lennie Hayton. For her motion picture debut, Kay and her choir performed two songs in the Republic Pictures musical Manhattan Merry-Go-Round, in 1939, she reunited with André Kostelanetz for Tune-Up Time, a show that was produced by radio legend William Spier. On an installment of Tune-Up Time in April 1939, 16-year-old Judy Garland was a guest and it was at this time that Kay first met and worked with Judy, developing a close personal friendship and professional association that lasted the rest of Garlands life. In 1943 Thompson signed a contract with MGM to become the studios top vocal arranger, vocal coach. She served as main vocal arranger for many of producer Arthur Freeds MGM musicals and as coach to such stars as Judy Garland, Lena Horne, Frank Sinatra. She was vocal arranger for Ziegfeld Follies, The Harvey Girls, Till the Clouds Roll By, Good News, after working on The Pirate with Judy Garland and Gene Kelly, she left MGM to create the night club act Kay Thompson and the Williams Brothers. She wrote the songs and Robert Alton did the choreography for the act. As a film actress, Thompson played one major role only, Thompson only acted in one additional feature film, 1970s Tell Me That You Love Me, Junie Moon, because, according to its star Liza Minnelli, Thompson disliked the slow speed of production. Thompson, who lived at the Plaza Hotel in New York City, the four books in the series, illustrated by Hilary Knight, are Eloise, Eloise in Paris, Eloise at Christmastime and Eloise in Moscow. They follow the adventures of the precocious six-year-old girl who lives at The Plaza, all were bestsellers upon release and have been adapted into television projects. Thompson composed and performed a Top 40 hit song, Eloise, a fifth book, Eloise Takes a Bawth, was posthumously published by Simon & Schuster in 2002, culled from Thompsons original manuscripts once slated for 1964 publication by Harper & Row. However, at the time, Thompson was burned out on Eloise, she blocked publication and took all but the first book out of print. As a singer, Thompson made very few records, starting with one side, Take a Number from One to Ten, in 1935, she recorded four sides for Brunswick, and another four sides for Victor. The 4 Brunswick sides are excellent examples of mid-1930s sophisticated New York cabaret singing and she later recorded for Capitol, Columbia, Decca, and, most importantly, for MGM Records, which issued her only complete album of songs, in 1954
23.
Dean Jones (actor)
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Dean Carroll Jones was an American actor best known for his light-hearted leading roles in several Walt Disney films between 1965 and 1977, such as The Love Bug. Jones also originated the role of Bobby in Stephen Sondheims Company, Jones was born in Decatur, near the larger neighboring city of Huntsville, Alabama, to Andrew Guy Jones, a traveling construction worker, and the former Nolia Elizabeth Wilhite. His parents are interred at Roselawn Gardens Of Memory in Decatur, as a student at Riverside High School in Decatur, Jones had his own local radio show, Dean Jones Sings. Jones served in the United States Navy during the Korean War, Jones attended Asbury University in Wilmore near Lexington, Kentucky. A member of its Class of 1953, he did not graduate, on March 4,2011, he later addressed the ceremony for the dedication of Asburys Andrew S. Miller Center for Communications Arts. After appearing in film and television roles, Jones made his Broadway debut in the 1960 play There Was a Little Girl. He stepped into the role in Boston, Massachusetts, at one days notice. In 1960 he also played Dave Manning in the Broadway comedy Under the Yum-Yum Tree, after achieving success in film and television, Jones was set to return to Broadway as the star of Stephen Sondheims musical Company in 1970. Shortly after opening night, Jones withdrew from the show, due to stress that he was undergoing from ongoing divorce proceedings, Director Harold Prince agreed to replace him with Larry Kert if Jones would open the show and record the cast album. Jones agreed, and his performance is preserved on the original cast album, in 1986, Jones, by then having become a Christian, starred in Into the Light, a musical about scientists and the Shroud of Turin, which closed four days after it opened. He had far more success touring in the one-man show St. John in Exile as the last surviving Apostle of Jesus Christ, a performance was filmed in 1986. He made one more Broadway appearance, in 1993, at the Vivian Beaumont Theater and he portrayed a soldier in both Imitation General with Glenn Ford and Never So Few with Frank Sinatra. Jones had a role in an episode of ABCs Stagecoach West. He portrayed Joe Brady, one of two outlaws, with Harold J. Stone as Tanner and they are trapped during a sandstorm in a frontier house with series stars Robert Bray and Richard Eyer as Simon and Davey Kane, respectively. The outlaws are sought by the United States Army for armed robbery, the young woman of the house, Martha Whitlock, played by Diana Millay, was recently deserted by her husband. She becomes attracted to Jones character, who considers himself a failure since he had been orphaned at an early age. In the story line, it is determined that Brady is not guilty of the robbery and shooting of the guards, but is culpable as an accessory after the fact. Jones subsequently starred in the NBC television sitcom Ensign OToole, produced by Four Star Television, portraying an easy-going and his co-stars included Jack Mullaney, Jack Albertson, Jay C
24.
Carolyn Jones
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Carolyn Sue Jones was an American actress. Her film career continued for another 20 years, in 1964, she began playing the role of Morticia Addams, in the television series The Addams Family, receiving a Golden Globe Award nomination for her work. Jones was born in Amarillo, Texas, the daughter of Cloe Jeanette Southern, a housewife, and Julius Alfred Jones, in 1934, her father abandoned the family and her mother moved with her two children to her parents home in Amarillo. In 1935, Carolyn, her younger sister Bette, her mother, and her grandparents were living in Des Moines, Iowa, Carolyn suffered from severe asthma that often restricted her childhood activities. She was a reader, and loved Hollywood magazines. When her condition permitted she loved to go to the movies and she enrolled at the Pasadena Playhouse in California, although at 15 she was still three years under the minimum age, her grandfather agreed to pay her tuition. After being spotted by a talent scout at the Playhouse, Jones secured a contract with Paramount Pictures and made her first film, The Turning Point, in 1953, she married aspiring film-maker Aaron Spelling. In 1954, she played Beth in Shield for Murder, earning $500 per day for playing the role, Jones was cast in the 1953 film From Here to Eternity in the role of Alma Lorene Burke, which was written for her. However, a bout with pneumonia forced her to withdraw, the role earned Donna Reed the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress, Jones made her TV debut on the DuMont series Gruen Playhouse in 1952. She appeared in two Rod Cameron syndicated series, City Detective and State Trooper, as Betty Fowler in the 1956 episode and she guest-starred in Ray Millands CBS sitcom, Meet Mr. McNutley. She made five appearances on the drama series Dragnet, starring Jack Webb. In 1956, Jones appeared in Invasion of the Body Snatchers, in 1957, she had the lead in the episode The Girl in the Grass on CBSs Schlitz Playhouse, with once again Ray Milland and Nora Marlowe. In 1959, she played opposite Frank Sinatra in Frank Capras A Hole in the Head, Dean Martin in Career, and Anthony Quinn and Kirk Douglas in Last Train from Gun Hill. In 1960, she guest-starred with James Best and Jack Mullaney in the episode Love on Credit of CBSs anthology series The DuPont Show with June Allyson, in the 1962-1963 season, Jones guest-starred on CBSs The Lloyd Bridges Show, which Spelling created. While married to Spelling, she appeared on the NBC program Heres Hollywood, in the epic 1963 Western, How The West Was Won, she played the role of Sheriff Jeb Rawlings wife. She appears with Peppard and Debbie Reynolds in the last speaking/singing scenes of the film and she guest-starred on the 1960s TV series Batman, playing Marsha, the Queen of Diamonds, and in 1976 appeared as the title characters mother, Hippolyta, on the Wonder Woman TV series. During her occasional absences, veteran actress Marla Adams subbed for her and her acting career declined after The Addams Family ended in 1966. Sporadic roles in the 1970s included that of Mrs. Moore, Jones landed the role of the power-driven political matriarch Myrna Clegg in the CBS daytime television soap opera Capitol in 1981
25.
Dick Powell
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Richard Ewing Dick Powell was an American singer, actor, film producer, film director and studio head. Though he came to stardom as a comedy performer, he showed versatility. He was the first actor to portray the private detective Philip Marlowe on screen, Powell was born in Mountain View, the seat of Stone County in northern Arkansas. The family moved to Little Rock in 1914, where Powell sang in choirs and with local orchestras. Powell attended the former Little Rock College, before he started his entertainment career as a singer with the Royal Peacock Band which toured throughout the Midwest. During this time, he married Mildred Maund, a model, later, he joined the Charlie Davis Orchestra, based in Indianapolis. He recorded a number of records with Davis and on his own, Powell moved to Pittsburgh, where he found great local success as the Master of Ceremonies at the Enright Theater and the Stanley Theater. In April 1930, Warner Bros. bought Brunswick Records, which at that time owned Vocalion, Warner Bros. was sufficiently impressed by Powells singing and stage presence to offer him a film contract in 1932. He made his debut as a singing bandleader in Blessed Event. Powell desperately wanted to expand his range, but Warner Bros. would not allow him to do so, as a result, he bought his release from Warner Bros. in 1940. They did cast him in A Midsummer Nights Dream, but as Lysander, another youthful romantic character and this was to be Powells only Shakespearean role and one he did not want to play, feeling that he was completely wrong for the part. By 1944, Powell felt he was too old to play romantic leading men anymore and he lost out to Fred MacMurray, another Hollywood nice guy. MacMurrays success, however, fueled Powells resolve to pursue projects with greater range, Powell starred in the musical program Campana Serenade, which was broadcast on NBC radio and CBS radio. In 1944, Powells career changed dramatically when he was cast in the first of a series of films noir, as private detective Philip Marlowe in Murder, My Sweet, the film was a big hit, and Powell had successfully reinvented himself as a dramatic actor. He was the first actor to play Marlowe – by name – in motion pictures, later, Powell was the first actor to play Marlowe on radio, in 1944 and 1945, and on television, in a 1954 episode of Climax. Powell also played the slightly less hard-boiled detective Richard Rogue in the radio series Rogues Gallery, in 1945, Dmytryk and Powell reteamed to make the film Cornered, a gripping, post-WWII thriller that helped define the film noir style. He became a tough guy lead appearing in movies such as Johnny OClock. But in 1948, he stepped out of the type when he starred in Pitfall
26.
The Secret Six
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The film was written by Frances Marion and directed by George W. Hill for MGM. Bootlegger Johnny Franks recruits a crude working man called Louis Louie Scorpio as part of the gang of mob boss Richard Newt Newton, Scorpio eventually becomes head of the organization himself. Then he is prosecuted by a group of six masked crime fighters, aided by newspaper reporters Carl Luckner. As Judge Theodore Von Eltz as District Attorney Keeler Lynton Brent, mr. Simms - Ballistics Expert Joseph W. Girard. Police Guard at Jailhouse Lee Phelps, protesting Man in Courtroom The film was Ralph Bellamys first screen role. Beery and Gable made Hell Divers the following year, this time with Gables role almost as large as Beerys. Beery, Harlow and Gable would work together again four years later in the seafaring adventure China Seas, only with their billing reversed. According to MGM records the film earned $708,000 in the US and Canada, the Secret Six at the Internet Movie Database The Secret Six at AllMovie The Secret Six at the TCM Movie Database
27.
Wallace Beery
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Wallace Fitzgerald Beery was an American film actor. Beery appeared in some 250 movies during a 36-year career and his contract with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer stipulated in 1932 that he would be paid $1 more than any other contract player at the studio, making him the highest paid actor in the world. He was the brother of actor Noah Beery Sr. and uncle of actor Noah Beery Jr. Beery was born in Clay County, Missouri, the youngest of three sons born to Noah Webster Beery and Frances Margaret Fitzgerald, he and his brothers William C. Beery and Noah Beery became Hollywood actors, the Beery family left the farm in the 1890s and moved to nearby Kansas City, Missouri, where the father was a police officer. Wallace Beery attended the Chase School in Kansas City and took lessons as well. He ran away from home twice, the first time returning after a time, quitting school. Beery ran away from home a second time at age 16 and he left two years later, after being clawed by a leopard. Wallace Beery joined his brother Noah in New York City in 1904, finding work in opera as a baritone. His most notable role came in 1907 when he starred in The Yankee Tourist to good reviews. In 1913, he moved to Chicago to work for Essanay Studios, cast as Sweedie, later, he worked for the Essanay Studios location in Niles, California. In 1915, Beery starred with Gloria Swanson, whom he married the following year, Beery began playing villains, and in 1917 portrayed Pancho Villa in Patria at a time when Villa was still active in Mexico. Beery reprised the role seventeen years later in Viva Villa, the same year, he made Min and Bill, the movie that vaulted him into the box office first rank. In 1931 he starred in The Champ, and shared the Best Actor Oscar with Fredric March, though March received one vote more than Beery, Academy rules at the time—since rescinded—defined results within one vote of each other as ties. He starred in several comedies with Marie Dressler and later, after Dresslers death, Marjorie Main, in 1943 his brother Noah Beery Sr. appeared with him in the war-time propaganda film Salute to the Marines, followed by Bad Bascomb and The Mighty McGurk. Beerys first wife was teenaged actress Gloria Swanson, the two had co-starred in Sweedie Goes to College and married in 1916. Although Beery had enjoyed popularity with his Sweedie shorts, his career had taken a dip, according to Swansons autobiography, Beery raped her on their wedding night, and later tricked her into swallowing an abortifacient when she was pregnant, which caused her to lose their child. In 1924, Beery married actress Rita Gilman, the couple adopted Carol Ann, daughter of Rita Beerys cousin. In December 1937, A few days before he passed away, in December 1939, the unmarried Beery adopted a seven-month-old infant girl Phyllis Ann
28.
Jean Harlow
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Jean Harlow was an American film actress and sex symbol of the 1930s. Harlow became a lady for MGM, starring in a string of hit films including Red Dust, Dinner at Eight, Reckless. Harlows popularity rivaled and soon surpassed that of her MGM colleagues Joan Crawford and she had become one of the biggest movie stars in the world by the late 1930s, often nicknamed the Blond Bombshell and the Platinum Blonde, she was also popular for her Laughing Vamp movie persona. Harlow died at age 26 during the 1937 filming of Saratoga, the film was completed using body doubles and released a little over a month after Harlows death. The American Film Institute ranked her as the 22nd greatest female star of classic Hollywood cinema, Harlow was born Harlean Harlow Carpenter in Kansas City, Missouri. The name is incorrectly spelled Carpentier, following later studio press releases. Her father, Mont Clair Carpenter, son of Abraham L. Carpenter and her mother, Jean Poe Carpenter, was the daughter of a wealthy real estate broker, Skip Harlow, and his wife, Ella Harlow. The marriage was arranged by Jeans father in 1908, Jean was resentful and became very unhappy in the marriage. The couple lived in Kansas City in a owned by Jeans father. Harlean was nicknamed The Baby, a name that would stick with her for the rest of her life and she did not learn that her name was actually Harlean until the age of five, when she began to attend Miss Barstows Finishing School for Girls in Kansas City. Harlean and Mother Jean, as she became known when Harlean became a film star, Harleans mother was extremely protective and coddling, reportedly instilling a sense that her daughter owed everything she had to her. She was always all mine, she said of her daughter, when Harlean was at school, her mother filed for a divorce that was finalized uncontested on September 29,1922. She was granted custody of Harlean, who loved the father who would survive her by thirty-seven years. However, Harlean would rarely see him again, Mother Jean moved with Harlean to Hollywood in 1923 with hopes of becoming an actress, but was too old at 34 to begin a film career. Young Harlean attended the Hollywood School for Girls and met Douglas Fairbanks, Jr. Joel McCrea, Harlean dropped out of school at age 14 in the spring of 1925. Finances dwindling, she and her mother moved back to Kansas City after Skip Harlow issued an ultimatum that he would disinherit Jean if she did not return. Several weeks later, Skip sent his granddaughter to a camp, Camp Cha-Ton-Ka, in Michigamme, Michigan. Her mother traveled to Michigan to care for her, rowing herself across the lake to the camp, Harlow next attended the Ferry Hall School in Lake Forest, Illinois
29.
Clark Gable
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William Clark Gable was an American film actor, often referred to as The King of Hollywood or just simply as The King. Gable began his career as an actor and appeared as an extra in silent films between 1924 and 1926, and progressed to supporting roles with a few films for MGM in 1931. The next year, he landed his first leading Hollywood role and he also starred with Lana Turner in four features, and with Norma Shearer and Ava Gardner in three each. Gables final film, The Misfits, united him with Marilyn Monroe, Gable is considered one of the most consistent box-office performers in history, appearing on Quigley Publishings annual Top Ten Money Making Stars Poll 16 times. He was named the seventh-greatest male star of classic American cinema by the American Film Institute, William Clark Gable was born in Cadiz, Ohio, to William Henry Will Gable, an oil-well driller, and his wife, Adeline. Gable was named William after his father, but even in childhood and he was mistakenly listed as a female on his birth certificate. Among Gables ancestors were Pennsylvania Dutch, Rhinelanders, and Bavarians, when he was six months old, his mother had him baptized as a Roman Catholic. She died when he was ten months old, possibly from a brain tumor, will Gable refused to raise his son Catholic, provoking criticism from Adelines side of the family. The dispute was resolved when Will Gable agreed to allow his son to spend time with his uncle, Charles Hershelman. In April 1903, Gables father married Jennie Dunlap, whose family came from the neighboring town of Hopedale. Gable was a tall, shy child with a loud voice and his stepmother raised him to be well-dressed and well-groomed. Jennie played the piano and gave her lessons at home. Later he took up brass instruments, at 13, he was the only boy in the mens town band. He was very mechanically inclined and loved to strip down and repair cars with his father, though his father insisted on Gable doing manly things, like hunting and hard physical work, Gable loved language. Among trusted company, he would recite Shakespeare, particularly the sonnets, will Gable agreed to buy a 72-volume set of The Worlds Greatest Literature to improve his sons education, but claimed he never saw his son use it. In 1917, when Gable was in school, his father had financial difficulties. Will decided to settle his debts and try his hand at farming, despite his fathers insistence that he work the farm, Gable soon left to work in Akron for the Firestone Tire and Rubber Co. At 17, Clark Gable was inspired to be an actor after seeing the play The Bird of Paradise, by then, his stepmother had died, and his father moved to Tulsa, Oklahoma to go back to the oil business
30.
Picture Snatcher
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Picture Snatcher is a 1933 American Pre-Code drama film starring James Cagney as a gangster who decides to quit to pursue his dream. After getting out of prison, Danny Kean shocks the gang he leads by quitting and he wants his first stint in jail to be his last, and he has always dreamed of becoming a newspaper reporter. He hands leadership over to Jerry the Mug, even though he suspects Jerry sold him out. Al McLean, the city editor of the sleazy Graphic News, had offered him a job when he got out, Danny sneaks in, pretends to be an insurance adjuster to lull Hennessys suspicions, and steals his wedding picture. As a result, Danny is made a staff photographer, when some journalism students take a tour of the Graphic News, Danny is attracted to Pat Nolan. She goes out on a date with him, much to the annoyance of sob sister reporter Allison, a complication arises when Danny discovers that not only is Pats father, Casey, a police lieutenant, but Casey was the one who shot him and caught him. Naturally, Casey orders his daughter to stay away from Danny, however, Al gets him to change his mind by arranging for another newspaper to print a flattering story about him that gets him promoted to captain. When a woman is scheduled to be executed at Sing Sing, Danny steals the invitation of another reporter, but finds that it is not transferable. However, Captain Nolan is in charge of the proceedings and lets him in, Casey takes a picture of the woman in the electric chair using a hidden camera strapped to his ankle. The other reporters find out and inform the police, a wild car chase ensues, but Danny delivers his prize to Grover and is handsomely rewarded. The photograph is printed on the front page, however, Pat breaks up with him after her father is demoted as a result. Al arranges for Danny to hide from the police at Allisons apartment. She returns early and eagerly embraces an uninterested Danny, Al comes in at that moment, and Danny loses his best friend. Danny takes to drinking to drown his sorrows, Al tracks him down and apologizes, he has found out about Allison. Al announces he has quit drinking and quit the News and they find out that Jerry the Mug has killed two policemen during a robbery and is the target of a massive manhunt. They realize that if Danny can find him, the scoop will get jobs at any paper. Danny tracks Jerry down and pretends to be on his side, the police find his hideout without Dannys help, and a fierce shootout ensues. Danny secretly takes photographs of Jerrys last moments as hes being shot, when the police break in, Danny claims that he was working undercover for Nolan, which earns him a promotion back to captain
31.
James Cagney
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James Francis Cagney Jr. was an American actor and dancer, both on stage and in film, though he had his greatest impact in film. Known for his energetic performances, distinctive vocal style, and deadpan comic timing, he won acclaim. He is best remembered for playing multifaceted tough guys in movies such as The Public Enemy, Angels with Dirty Faces, and White Heat, and was typecast or limited by this view earlier in his career. In 1999, the American Film Institute ranked him eighth among its list of greatest male stars of Classic Hollywood Cinema. Orson Welles said of Cagney, maybe the greatest actor who appeared in front of a camera. In his first professional acting performance, Cagney danced costumed as a woman in the line of the revue Every Sailor. He spent several years in vaudeville as a dancer and comedian and he secured several other roles, receiving good notices, before landing the lead in the 1929 play Penny Arcade. After rave reviews, Warner Bros. signed him for an initial $500-a-week, three-week contract to reprise his role, Cagneys seventh film, The Public Enemy, became one of the most influential gangster movies of the period. Notable for a scene in which Cagney pushes a grapefruit against Mae Clarkes face. He became one of Hollywoods biggest stars and one of Warner Bros. biggest contracts, in 1938, he received his first Academy Award for Best Actor nomination, for Angels with Dirty Faces, for his subtle portrayal of the tough guy/man-child Rocky Sullivan. In 1942, Cagney won the Oscar for his portrayal of George M. Cohan in Yankee Doodle Dandy. He was nominated a third time in 1955 for Love Me or Leave Me, Cagney retired from acting and dancing in 1961 to spend time on his farm with his family. He exited retirement,20 years later, for a part in the movie Ragtime, Cagney walked out on Warner Bros. several times over the course of his career, each time returning on much improved personal and artistic terms. In 1935, he sued Warner for breach of contract and won and this was one of the first times an actor prevailed over a studio on a contract issue. In reference to Cagneys refusal to be pushed around, Jack L, Warner called him the Professional Againster. Cagney also made numerous morale-boosting troop tours before and during World War II and was president of the Screen Actors Guild for two years, Cagney was born on the Lower East Side of Manhattan in New York City. His biographers disagree as to the location, either on the corner of Avenue D. His father, James Francis Cagney, Sr. was of Irish descent, at the time of his sons birth, he was a bartender and amateur boxer, though on Cagneys birth certificate, he is listed as a telegraphist
32.
Dashiell Hammett
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Samuel Dashiell Hammett was an American author of hard-boiled detective novels and short stories, screenwriter, and political activist. Among the enduring characters he created are Sam Spade, Nick and Nora Charles, in his obituary in The New York Times, he was described as the dean of the. Time magazine included Hammetts 1929 novel Red Harvest on its list of the 100 best English-language novels published between 1923 and 2005 and his novels and stories also had a significant influence on films. Hammett was born on a farm in Saint Marys County, Maryland and his parents were Richard Thomas Hammett and Anne Bond Dashiell, his mother belonged to an old Maryland family, whose name in French was De Chiel. Known as Sam, Hammett was baptized a Catholic, and grew up in Philadelphia and he left school when he was 13 years old and held several jobs before working for the Pinkerton National Detective Agency. He served as an operative for Pinkerton from 1915 to February 1922, the agencys role in union strike-breaking eventually left him disillusioned. Hammett enlisted in the Army in 1918 and served in the Motor Ambulance Corps and he was afflicted during that time with the Spanish flu and later contracted tuberculosis. He spent most of his time in the Army as a patient at Cushman Hospital in Tacoma, Washington, where he met a nurse, Josephine Dolan, Hammett and Dolan had two daughters, Mary Jane and Josephine. Shortly after the birth of their child, Health Services nurses informed Dolan that due to Hammetts TB, she. Dolan rented a home in San Francisco, California, where Hammett would visit on weekends, the marriage soon fell apart, but he continued to financially support his wife and daughters with the income he made from his writing. Hammett was first published in 1922 in the magazine The Smart Set, known for the authenticity and realism of his writing, he drew on his experiences as a Pinkerton operative. Hammett wrote most of his fiction while he was living in San Francisco in the 1920s, streets. He said that All my characters were based on people Ive known personally, Raymond Chandler, often considered Hammetts successor, summarized his accomplishments in The Simple Art of Murder, Hammett was the ace performer. He is said to have lacked heart, yet the story he himself thought the most of and he was spare, frugal, hard-boiled, but he did over and over again what only the best writers can ever do at all. He wrote scenes that seemed never to have written before. In 1929 and 1930, he was involved with Nell Martin. He dedicated The Glass Key to her, and in turn, in 1931, Hammett embarked on a 30-year affair with the playwright Lillian Hellman. Though he sporadically continued to work on material, he wrote his novel in 1934
33.
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor
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The Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It is given in honor of an actor who has delivered a performance in a supporting role while working within the film industry. At the 9th Academy Awards ceremony held in 1937, Walter Brennan was the first winner of award for his role in Come. Initially, winners in both supporting acting categories were awarded instead of statuettes. Beginning with the 16th ceremony held in 1944, however, winners received full-sized statuettes, currently, nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the actors branch of AMPAS, winners are selected by a plurality vote from the entire eligible voting members of the Academy. Since its inception, the award has given to 72 actors. Brennan has received the most awards in this category with three awards, Brennan, Jeff Bridges, Robert Duvall, Arthur Kennedy, Jack Nicholson, and Claude Rains were nominated on four occasions, more than any other actor. As of the 2017 ceremony, Mahershala Ali is the most recent winner in category for his role as Juan in Moonlight. In the following table, the years are listed as per Academy convention, and generally correspond to the year of release in Los Angeles County. Toronto, Ontario, Canada, University of Toronto Press, ISBN 978-1-55002-574-3. org The Academy Awards Database Oscar. com Complete Downloadable List of Academy Award Nominees
34.
Irene Dunne
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Irene Dunne was an American film actress and singer of the 1930s, 1940s and early 1950s. Dunne was nominated five times for the Academy Award for Best Actress, for her performances in Cimarron, Theodora Goes Wild, The Awful Truth, Love Affair, in 1985, Dunne was given Kennedy Center Honors for her services to the arts. Born in Louisville, Kentucky, to Joseph John Dunn, an inspector for the United States government, and Adelaide Henry. Irene Dunne would later write, No triumph of either my stage or screen career has ever rivalled the excitement of trips down the Mississippi on the boats with my father. She was fourteen when her father died on April 6,1913 and she saved all of his letters and often remembered and lived by what he told her the night before he died, Happiness is never an accident. It is the prize we get when we choose wisely from lifes great stores, following her fathers death, Irene, her mother, and her younger brother Charles moved to her mothers hometown of Madison, Indiana. Dunnes mother taught her to play the piano as a small girl. According to Dunne, Music was as natural as breathing in our house, Dunne was raised as a devout Roman Catholic. Nicknamed Dunnie, she took piano and voice lessons, sang in local churches, Dunne earned a diploma to teach art, but took a chance on a contest and won a prestigious scholarship to the Chicago Musical College, where she graduated in 1926. With a soprano voice, she had hopes of becoming an opera singer, Irene, after adding an e to her surname, turned to musical theater. She toured several cities in 1921–22 playing the lead role in the popular play Irene. The following year, Dunne played a season of opera in Atlanta. Though in her own words Dunne created no great furor, by 1929 she had a successful Broadway career playing leading roles, grateful to be at center stage rather than in the chorus line. On July 16,1927, Dunne married Francis Griffin, a New York dentist, despite differing opinions and battles that raged furiously, Dunne eventually agreed to marry him and leave the theater. She was discovered by Hollywood while starring with the company of Show Boat in 1929. She signed a contract with RKO and appeared in her first movie in 1930, Leathernecking, already in her thirties when she made her first film, she would be in competition with younger actresses for roles, and found it advantageous to evade questions that would reveal her age. Her publicists encouraged the belief that she was born in 1901 or 1904, Dunne moved to Hollywood with her mother and brother and maintained a long-distance marriage with her husband in New York until he joined her in California in 1936. That year, she re-created her role as Magnolia in what is considered the film version of the famous musical Show Boat
35.
Ellery Queen
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During the 1930s and much of the 1940s, that detective-hero was possibly the best known American fictional detective. Movies, radio shows, and television shows were based on Dannay and they were also prominent historians in the field, editing numerous collections and anthologies of short stories such as The Misadventures of Sherlock Holmes. Their 994-page anthology for the Modern Library,101 Years Entertainment, The Great Detective Stories, under their collective pseudonym, the cousins were given the Grand Master Award for achievements in the field of the mystery story by the Mystery Writers of America in 1961. The fictional Ellery Queen was the hero of more than 30 novels and several short story collections, written by Dannay and Lee, Dannay and Lee also wrote four novels about a detective named Drury Lane using the pseudonym Barnaby Ross. Dannay and Lee remained circumspect about their writing methods, novelist and critic H. R. F. Keating wrote, How actually did they do it. Did they sit together and hammer the stuff out word by word, did one write the dialogue and the other the narration. But it is unlikely to have been as clear cut as that, according to critic Otto Penzler, As an anthologist, Ellery Queen is without peer, his taste unequalled. As a bibliographer and a collector of the short story, Queen is, again. Indeed, Ellery Queen clearly is, after Poe, the most important American in mystery fiction, british crime novelist Margery Allingham wrote that Ellery Queen had done far more for the detective story than any other two men put together. Although Frederic Dannay outlived his cousin by ten years, the Ellery Queen authorial name died with Manfred Lee, the last Ellery Queen novel, A Fine and Private Place, was published in 1971, the year of Lees death. However, Ellery Queens Mystery Magazine, now published by Dell Magazines, continues as a fiction magazine as of 2017. Ellery Queen was created in 1928 when Dannay and Lee entered a writing contest sponsored by McClures magazine for the best first mystery novel and they decided to use as their collective pseudonym the same name that they had given their detective. Inspired by the formula and style of the Philo Vance novels by S. S. Van Dine, their entry won the contest, but before it could be published, the magazine closed. Undeterred, the cousins took their novel to publishers. According to H. R. F. Keating, Later the cousins took a view of the Philo Vance character, Manfred Lee calling him, with typical vehemence. What became the most famous part of the early Ellery Queen books was the Challenge to the Reader and this was a single page near the end of the book declaring that the reader had seen all the same clues Ellery had, and that only one solution was possible. According to novelist/critic Julian Symons, The rare distinction of the books is that this claim is accurate, There are problems in deduction that do really permit of only one answer, and there are few crime stories indeed of which this can be said. The fictional detective Ellery Queen is the author of the books in which he appears, in earlier novels he is a snobbish Harvard-educated intellectual of independent means who wears pince-nez glasses and investigates crimes because he finds them stimulating
36.
Dance, Girl, Dance
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Dance, Girl, Dance is a film released in 1940 and directed by Dorothy Arzner. The dancers, played by Maureen OHara and Lucille Ball, strive to preserve their own feminist integrity, while fighting for their place in the spotlight and for the love of male lead Louis Hayward. Dance, Girl, Dance was edited by Robert Wise, whose next film as editor was Citizen Kane, good friends Judy and Bubbles are both dancers. Bubbles uses her looks and being a sex siren to get jobs. A rivalry develops when they fall in love with a divorced playboy. Maureen OHara as Judy OBrien Louis Hayward as James Jimmy Harris Jr, the film was a critical and commercial failure, and its theatrical release lost RKO Studios roughly $400,000. Beginning in the 1970s, however, the film enjoyed a revival and critical reassessment. Its resurgence has been ascribed to the burgeoning feminist movement which saw the film as a example of empowered women. Critical praise for the film has endured – in 2002 Dance, Girl, Dance, Girl, Dance at the Internet Movie Database
37.
Maureen O'Hara
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Maureen OHara was an Irish-born American actress and singer. The famously red-headed OHara was known for her beauty and playing fiercely passionate but sensible heroines, often in westerns and she worked on numerous occasions with director John Ford and longtime friend John Wayne, and was one of the last surviving stars from the Golden Age of Hollywood. OHara grew up in the Dublin suburb of Ranelagh to an eccentric devout Catholic family and she trained with the Rathmines Theatre Company from the age of 10 and at the Abbey Theatre from the age of 14. She was given a screen test, which was deemed unsatisfactory and she moved to Hollywood the same year to appear with him in the production of The Hunchback of Notre Dame, and was given a contract by RKO Pictures. OHara gained a reputation in Hollywood for bossiness and prudishness, avoiding the partying lifestyle, OHara made her first film with Wayne, the actor with whom she is most closely associated, with Rio Grande. This was followed by The Quiet Man, her best-known film, such was her strong chemistry with Wayne that many assumed they were married or in a relationship. In the 1960s OHara increasingly turned to more roles as she aged, appearing in films such as The Deadly Companions, The Parent Trap. She retired from the industry in 1971 after starring with Wayne one final time in Big Jake and she was married three times, and had one daughter, Bronwyn, born in 1944 to her second husband. Her autobiography, Tis Herself, was published in 2004 and became a New York Times Bestseller, born on 17 August 1920, OHara began life as Maureen FitzSimons on Beechwood Avenue in the Dublin suburb of Ranelagh. She states that she was born into the most remarkable and eccentric family I could have hoped for. OHara was the second oldest of six children of Charles and Marguerite FitzSimons, and her father was in the clothing business and bought into Shamrock Rovers Football Club, a team OHara supported from childhood. OHara noted that whenever her mother left the house, men would leave their houses just so they could catch a glimpse of her in the street, OHaras siblings were Peggy, the oldest, and younger Charles, Florrie, Margot, and Jimmy. Peggy dedicated her life to an order, becoming a Sister of Charity. OHara earned the nickname Baby Elephant for being a pudgy infant, a tomboy, she enjoyed fishing in the River Dodder, riding horses, swimming and Gaelic football, and would play boys games and climb trees. OHara was so keen on Gaelic football that at one point she pressed her father to found a team, and professed that Glenmalure Park. She enjoyed fighting, and trained in judo as a teenager and she later admitted that she displayed a jealousy towards boys in her youth and the freedom they had, and that they could steal apples from orchards and not get into trouble. OHara first attended the John Street West Girls School near Thomas Street in Dublins Liberties Area and her enthusiastic family fully supported the idea. When she recited a poem on stage in school at the age of six, from that age she trained in drama, music and dance along with her siblings at the Ena Mary Burke School of Drama and Elocution in Dublin
38.
Lucille Ball
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Lucille Désirée Ball was an American actress, comedienne, model, film-studio executive, and producer. She was best known as the star of the self-produced sitcoms I Love Lucy, The Lucy–Desi Comedy Hour, The Lucy Show, Heres Lucy, Balls career began in 1929 when she landed work as a model. Shortly thereafter, she began her career on Broadway using the stage names Diane Belmont. She later appeared in minor film roles in the 1930s and 1940s as a contract player for RKO Radio Pictures. During this time, she met Cuban bandleader Desi Arnaz, in the 1950s, Ball ventured into television. In 1951, Arnaz and she created the sitcom I Love Lucy, the same year, Ball gave birth to their first child, Lucie Arnaz, followed by Desi Arnaz, Jr. in 1953. Ball and Arnaz divorced in May 1960, and she married comedian Gary Morton in 1961, in 1962, Ball became the first woman to run a major television studio, Desilu Productions, which produced many popular television series, including Mission, Impossible and Star Trek. Ball did not back away from acting completely, appearing in film, Ball was nominated for 13 Primetime Emmy Awards, winning four times. In 1977, Ball was among the first recipients of the Women in Film Crystal Award and she was the recipient of the Golden Globe Cecil B. Born in Jamestown, New York, Lucille Désirée Ball was the daughter of Henry Durrell Ball and her family lived in Wyandotte, Michigan for a time. When she was three and a half, her father died from fever at age 27. Her family and she moved to Celoron to live with her grandparents. She sometimes later claimed that she had born in Butte. A number of magazines reported inaccurately that she had decided that Montana was a romantic place to be born than New York. In fact, her father had moved the family to Anaconda, Montana and her family was Baptist, and her ancestry was mostly English, and included small amounts of Scottish, French, and Irish. Her father, a lineman for Bell Telephone Company, was transferred because of his occupation. Within three years of her birth, Lucille had moved with her parents from Jamestown to Anaconda, Montana, while DeDe Ball was pregnant with her second child, Frederick, Henry Ball contracted typhoid fever and died in February 1915. Ball recalled little from the day her father died, but remembered a bird getting trapped in the house, from that day forward, she suffered from ornithophobia
39.
The Wolf Man (1941 film)
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The Wolf Man is a 1941 American drama horror film written by Curt Siodmak and produced and directed by George Waggner. The film stars Lon Chaney, Jr. as a werewolf named The Wolf Man and features Claude Rains, Evelyn Ankers, Ralph Bellamy, Patric Knowles, Béla Lugosi, the title character has had a great deal of influence on Hollywoods depictions of the legend of the werewolf. The film is the second Universal Pictures werewolf film, preceded six years earlier by the commercially successful Werewolf of London. Lon Chaney, Jr. would reprise his role as The Wolf Man in four sequels. While there, Larry becomes romantically interested in a girl named Gwen Conliffe. As a pretext to converse with her, he purchases a silver-headed walking stick decorated with a wolf and that night, Larry attempts to rescue Gwens friend Jenny from what he believes to be a sudden wolf attack. He kills the beast with his new walking stick, but is bitten on the chest in the process, a gypsy fortuneteller named Maleva reveals to Larry that the animal which bit him was actually her son Bela in the form of a wolf. She also reveals that Larry will transform into a wolf as well since he who is bitten by a werewolf, Talbot transforms into a wolf-like creature and stalks the village, first killing the local gravedigger. Talbot retains vague memories of being a werewolf and wanting to kill and he is finally bludgeoned to death by his father with his own silver walking stick after attacking Gwen. Sir John Talbot watches in horror as the werewolf transforms into his sons human form as the local police arrive on the scene. The poem, contrary to belief, was not an ancient legend. In episode 944 of Dark Shadows, Christopher Pennock recites this version of the poem, the original Wolf Man film does not make use of the idea that a werewolf is transformed under a full moon. Gwens description and the poem imply that it happens when the blooms in autumn. The first sequel, though, made use of the full moon both visually and in the dialog, and also changed the poem to specify when the moon is full. Presumably this is what popularized the connection in the 20th century. The sequel visually implies that the transformation occurs as a result of exposure to light from the full moon. In the original film, Chaney did not undergo a transformation from man to wolf. In the final scene, the werewolf does gradually become Larry Talbot through the standard technique, stories about the make-up and transformation scenes have become legendary, and are mostly apocryphal
40.
Lon Chaney Jr.
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He also portrayed Lennie Small in Of Mice and Men. Chaney had English, French, and Irish ancestry, and his career in movies and television spanned four decades and his parents troubled marriage ended in divorce in 1913 following his mothers scandalous public suicide attempt in Los Angeles. Young Creighton lived in homes and boarding schools until 1916. From an early age, he worked hard to get out of his famous fathers shadow, in young adulthood, his father discouraged him from show business, and he attended business college and became successful in a Los Angeles appliance corporation. Creighton, who had working for a plumbing company, married Dorothy Hinckley the daughter of his employer Ralph Hinckley. But Creightons life changed forever when his father was diagnosed with throat cancer, many articles and biographies over the years report that Creighton was led to believe his mother had died while he was a boy, and was only made aware she lived after his fathers death. Creighton always maintained he had a tough childhood and it was only after his fathers death that Chaney started acting in films, beginning with an uncredited bit part in the 1932 film Girl Crazy. He appeared in films under his name until 1935, when he began to be billed as Lon Chaney Jr. From 1942 onward, he was billed as Lon Chaney although the Jr. was usually added by others when they referred to him to him from his more famous father. Chaney first achieved stardom and critical acclaim in the 1939 feature film version of Of Mice and Men, Chaney was asked to test for the role of Quasimodo for the 1939 remake of The Hunchback of Notre Dame. The role went to Charles Laughton, with his third-billed character role in One Million B. C. as Victor Matures caveman father, Chaney began to be viewed as a character actor in the mold of his father. Put under contract by Universal Pictures Co. Inc, Chaney was cast in Man-Made Monster, a science-fiction horror thriller originally written with Karloff in mind. He also played the character, Count Alucard—Dracula spelled in reverse—in Son of Dracula. Chaney is thus the only actor to portray all four of Universals major horror characters, the Wolf Man, Frankensteins Monster, the Mummy and he also starred in a series of radio show appearances, including psychological mysteries on the Inner Sanctum radio show. Chaney also appeared in on the stage in productions as Born Yesterday. Kramer told the press at the time whenever a script came in with a role too difficult for most actors in Hollywood. He became quite popular with baby boomers after Universal released its back catalog of films to television in 1957. The series ended after 39 episodes, roger Smith played the young Creighton
41.
Evelyn Ankers
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Evelyn Felisa Ankers was an American actress born in Valparaiso, Chile. She often played variations on the role of the cultured young leading lady in many American horror films during the 1940s, most notably The Wolf Man opposite Lon Chaney and she was relatively tall, standing 56 1/2 without heels. Ankers made over fifty films between 1936 and 1950, then retired from movies at the age of 32 to be a housewife and she returned ten years later to make one more film, No Greater Love, with her husband Richard Denning. Ankers moved to Hawaii when her husband took the role of the governor in Hawaii 5-0. She died of cancer at the age of 67 on August 29,1985 in Maui. and Bela Lugosi Hold That Ghost with Abbott and Costello North to the Klondike with Broderick Crawford and Lon Chaney. The Ghost of Frankenstein with Lon Chaney, Jr
42.
The Ghost of Frankenstein
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The Ghost of Frankenstein is an American monster horror film released in 1942. The supporting cast features Lionel Atwill, Cedric Hardwicke, Ralph Bellamy, the residents of the village of Frankenstein feel they are under a curse and blame all their troubles on Frankensteins monster. Rumors circulate about Ygor who is alive and supposedly trying to revive the monster. The villagers pressure the Mayor into allowing them to destroy Frankensteins castle, Ygor attempts to put up some resistance, but the villagers rush the gates and begin to destroy the castle. Ygor, fleeing through the catacombs, finds the monster released from his tomb by the explosions. The exposure to the sulfur weakened the monster but also preserved him, unseen by the villagers, Ygor and the monster flee the castle to the surrounding countryside, there they encounter a powerful thunderstorm. The monster is struck by a bolt of lightning, but instead of being harmed by it, Ygor decides to find Ludwig, the second son of the original Frankenstein, to help the monster. Ludwig Frankenstein is a doctor who, along with his assistants Dr. Kettering, Bohmer was formerly Frankensteins teacher but made a tragic surgical mistake and now is relegated to being Frankensteins envious assistant. Ygor and the monster arrive in Vasaria and discover that Ludwig lives in a chateau at the end of town, as they arrive, the monster hears children playing. A little girl is playing with her ball when a young boy kicks the ball onto the roof. The monster quickly befriends the girl, Cloestine Hussman. The monster scoops the little girl up in his arms and carries her onto a roof to retrieve her ball. After Cloestine asks the monster to take her to daddy, the monster returns the girl to her father Herr Hussman and is captured by the entire police force. The town prosecutor, Erik Ernst, comes to Ludwig Frankenstein, Frankenstein says he will comply after he finishes some work. Soon, Ygor pays Frankenstein a visit informing him that the giant at the station is the monster. Ygor implores the Doctor to heal the sick body and brain. Frankenstein refuses, not wanting the monster to ruin his life as it did for his father and brother, Ygor threatens to reveal Ludwigs ancestry to the villagers and forces him to give in. At the police station, the monster is restrained with chains as a hearing is conducted to investigate the murder of the two villagers, the monster does not respond to any questions
43.
Private Eye
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Private Eye is a British fortnightly satirical and current affairs news magazine, founded in 1961. It is published in London and has been edited by Ian Hislop since 1986 and it is also known for its in-depth investigative journalism into under-reported scandals and cover-ups. Private Eye is Britains best-selling current affairs magazine, and such is its long-term popularity, the magazine bucks the trend of declining circulation for print media, having recorded its highest ever circulation in the second half of 2016. The forerunner of Private Eye was a magazine, The Salopian, published at Shrewsbury School in the mid-1950s and edited by Richard Ingrams, Willie Rushton, Christopher Booker. After National Service, Ingrams and Foot went as undergraduates to Oxford University, the magazine proper began when Usborne learned of a new printing process, photo-litho offset, which meant that anybody with a typewriter and Letraset could produce a magazine. The publication was funded by Osmond and launched in 1961. It was named when Osmond looked for ideas in the recruiting poster of Lord Kitchener and, in particular. After the name Finger was rejected, Osmond suggested Private Eye, the magazine was initially edited by Booker and designed by Rushton, who drew cartoons for it. Its subsequent editor, Ingrams, who was pursuing a career as an actor, shared the editorship with Booker, from around issue number 10. At first, Private Eye was a vehicle for jokes, an extension of the original school magazine. However, according to Booker, it got caught up in the rage for satire, others essential to the development of the magazine were Auberon Waugh, Claud Cockburn, Barry Fantoni, Gerald Scarfe, Tony Rushton, Patrick Marnham and Candida Betjeman. Christopher Logue was another contributor, providing the column True Stories. The gossip columnist Nigel Dempster wrote extensively for the magazine before he fell out with Ian Hislop and other writers, while Foot wrote on politics, local government, Ingrams continued as editor until 1986, when he was succeeded by Hislop. Ingrams remains chairman of the holding company, Private Eye often reports on the misdeeds of powerful and important individuals and, consequently, has received numerous libel writs throughout its history. Its defenders point out that it often carries news that the press will not print for fear of legal reprisals or because the material is of minority interest. As well as covering a range of current affairs, Private Eye is also known for highlighting the errors. It reports on parliamentary and national issues, with regional and local politics covered in equal depth under the Rotten Boroughs column. Extensive investigative journalism is published under the In the Back section, often tackling cover-ups, Stories sometimes originate from writers for more mainstream publications who cannot get their stories published by their main employers
44.
DuMont Television Network
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The DuMont Television Network was one of the worlds pioneer commercial television networks, rivalling NBC and CBS for the distinction of being first overall in the United States. It was owned by DuMont Laboratories, an equipment and set manufacturer. DuMont Laboratories was founded in 1931 by Dr. Allen B, DuMont with only $1,000, and a laboratory in his basement. He and his staff were responsible for many technical innovations. The companys television sets became the gold standard of the industry. In 1942, DuMont worked with the Army in developing radar technology during World War II and this brought in $5 million for the company. Early sales of television sets were hampered by the lack of regularly scheduled programming being broadcast, a few months after selling his first set in 1938, DuMont opened his own New York area experimental television station in Passaic, New Jersey. In 1940, the moved to Manhattan as W2XWV on channel 4. Unlike CBS and NBC, which reduced their hours of television broadcasting during World War II, in 1944, W2XWV became WABD moving to channel 5 in 1945, the third commercial television station in New York. On May 19,1945, DuMont opened experimental W3XWT in Washington, a minority shareholder in DuMont Laboratories was Paramount Pictures, which had advanced $400,000 in 1939 for a 40% share in the company. Soon after his experimental Washington station signed on, DuMont began experimental coaxial cable hookups between his laboratories in Passaic, New Jersey, and his two stations. It is said one of those broadcasts on the hookup announced that the U. S. had dropped an atomic bomb on Nagasaki, Japan. This was later considered to be the beginning of the DuMont Network by both Thomas T. Goldsmith, the networks chief engineer and DuMonts best friend, and DuMont himself. Regular network service began on August 15,1946, on WABD, in 1947, W3XWT became WTTG, named after Goldsmith. The pair were joined in 1949 by WDTV in Pittsburgh, ABC had just come into existence as a radio network in 1943 and did not enter network television until 1948, when it signed on a flagship station in New York City, WJZ-TV. CBS also waited until 1948 to begin network operations because it was waiting for the Federal Communications Commission to approve its color television system, despite no history of radio programming or stable of radio stars to draw on and perennial cash shortages, DuMont was an innovative and creative network. Without the radio revenues that supported mighty NBC and CBS, DuMont programmers relied on their wits, eventually, the network provided original programs that are remembered more than 60 years later. The network largely ignored the standard model of 1950s TV, in which one advertiser sponsored an entire show
45.
NBC
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The National Broadcasting Company is an American commercial broadcast television network that is the flagship property of NBCUniversal, a subsidiary of Comcast. The network is part of the Big Three television networks, founded in 1926 by the Radio Corporation of America, NBC is the oldest major broadcast network in the United States. Following the acquisition by GE, Bob Wright served as executive officer of NBC, remaining in that position until his retirement in 2007. In 2003, French media company Vivendi merged its entertainment assets with GE, Comcast purchased a controlling interest in the company in 2011, and acquired General Electrics remaining stake in 2013. Following the Comcast merger, Zucker left NBC Universal and was replaced as CEO by Comcast executive Steve Burke, during a period of early broadcast business consolidation, radio manufacturer Radio Corporation of America acquired New York City radio station WEAF from American Telephone & Telegraph. Westinghouse, a shareholder in RCA, had an outlet in Newark, New Jersey pioneer station WJZ. This station was transferred from Westinghouse to RCA in 1923, WEAF acted as a laboratory for AT&Ts manufacturing and supply outlet Western Electric, whose products included transmitters and antennas. The Bell System, AT&Ts telephone utility, was developing technologies to transmit voice- and music-grade audio over short and long distances, the 1922 creation of WEAF offered a research-and-development center for those activities. WEAF maintained a schedule of radio programs, including some of the first commercially sponsored programs. In an early example of chain or networking broadcasting, the station linked with Outlet Company-owned WJAR in Providence, Rhode Island, AT&T refused outside companies access to its high-quality phone lines. The early effort fared poorly, since the telegraph lines were susceptible to atmospheric. In 1925, AT&T decided that WEAF and its network were incompatible with the companys primary goal of providing a telephone service. AT&T offered to sell the station to RCA in a deal that included the right to lease AT&Ts phone lines for network transmission, the divisions ownership was split among RCA, its founding corporate parent General Electric and Westinghouse. NBC officially started broadcasting on November 15,1926, WEAF and WJZ, the flagships of the two earlier networks, were operated side-by-side for about a year as part of the new NBC. On April 5,1927, NBC expanded to the West Coast with the launch of the NBC Orange Network and this was followed by the debut of the NBC Gold Network, also known as the Pacific Gold Network, on October 18,1931. The Orange Network carried Red Network programming, and the Gold Network carried programming from the Blue Network, initially, the Orange Network recreated Eastern Red Network programming for West Coast stations at KPO in San Francisco. The Orange Network name was removed from use in 1936, at the same time, the Gold Network became part of the Blue Network. In the 1930s, NBC also developed a network for shortwave radio stations, in 1927, NBC moved its operations to 711 Fifth Avenue in Manhattan, occupying the upper floors of a building designed by architect Floyd Brown
46.
CBS
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CBS is an American commercial broadcast television network that is a flagship property of CBS Corporation. The company is headquartered at the CBS Building in New York City with major facilities and operations in New York City. CBS is sometimes referred to as the Eye Network, in reference to the iconic logo. It has also called the Tiffany Network, alluding to the perceived high quality of CBS programming during the tenure of William S. Paley. It can also refer to some of CBSs first demonstrations of color television, the network has its origins in United Independent Broadcasters Inc. a collection of 16 radio stations that was purchased by Paley in 1928 and renamed the Columbia Broadcasting System. Under Paleys guidance, CBS would first become one of the largest radio networks in the United States, in 1974, CBS dropped its former full name and became known simply as CBS, Inc. In 2000, CBS came under the control of Viacom, which was formed as a spin-off of CBS in 1971, CBS Corporation is controlled by Sumner Redstone through National Amusements, which also controls the current Viacom. The television network has more than 240 owned-and-operated and affiliated stations throughout the United States. The origins of CBS date back to January 27,1927, Columbia Phonographic went on the air on September 18,1927, with a presentation by the Howard Barlow Orchestra from flagship station WOR in Newark, New Jersey, and fifteen affiliates. Operational costs were steep, particularly the payments to AT&T for use of its land lines, in early 1928 Judson sold the network to brothers Isaac and Leon Levy, owners of the networks Philadelphia affiliate WCAU, and their partner Jerome Louchenheim. With the record out of the picture, Paley quickly streamlined the corporate name to Columbia Broadcasting System. He believed in the power of advertising since his familys La Palina cigars had doubled their sales after young William convinced his elders to advertise on radio. By September 1928, Paley bought out the Louchenheim share of CBS, during Louchenheims brief regime, Columbia paid $410,000 to A. H. Grebes Atlantic Broadcasting Company for a small Brooklyn station, WABC, which would become the networks flagship station. WABC was quickly upgraded, and the relocated to 860 kHz. The physical plant was relocated also – to Steinway Hall on West 57th Street in Manhattan, by the turn of 1929, the network could boast to sponsors of having 47 affiliates. Paley moved right away to put his network on a financial footing. In the fall of 1928, he entered talks with Adolph Zukor of Paramount Pictures. The deal came to fruition in September 1929, Paramount acquired 49% of CBS in return for a block of its stock worth $3.8 million at the time
47.
Frank Lovejoy
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Frank Lovejoy was an American actor in radio, film, and television. He is perhaps best remembered for appearing in the film noir The Hitch-Hiker and he was born Frank Andrew Lovejoy, Jr. in the Bronx, New York, but grew up in New Jersey. His father, Frank Lovejoy, Sr. was a salesman from Maine. His mother, Nora, was born in Massachusetts to Irish immigrant parents, a successful radio actor, Lovejoy played Broadway Harry on the Gay Nineties Revue and was heard on the 1930s crime drama series Gang Busters. Lovejoy was a narrator for the show This Is Your FBI and he also starred as John Malone in The Amazing Mr. Malone. In films of the 1940s and 1950s, Lovejoy mostly played supporting roles, appearing in movies such as Goodbye, My Fancy with Joan Crawford, and The Hitch-Hiker directed by Ida Lupino, Lovejoy was effective playing the movies everyman in extraordinary situations. He was in war movies, notably Stanley Kramers Home of the Brave, Breakthrough, Joseph H. Lewiss Retreat. Which portrayed the United States Marine Corps retreat from the Chosin Reservoir during the Korean War, in 1951, he had the title role in I Was a Communist for the FBI with co-stars Ron Hagerthy, Paul Picerni, and Philip Carey. Lovejoy starred in two short-run TV series, Man Against Crime and Meet McGraw, episodes of these two series have never been released commercially on DVD or VHS and never aired as reruns. Meet McGraw episodes were screened at the Mid-Atlantic Nostalgia Convention, lovejoys final television performances include the episode County General on the ABC series Bus Stop with Marilyn Maxwell in the role of Grace Sherwood. That same season, he appeared on the ABC crime drama Target, about the efforts of a New York City reporter to expose organized crime. Lovejoy was first married to Frances Williams, but divorced in the late 1930s, in 1940, Lovejoy married actress Joan Banks, with whom he had a son and a daughter. On October 2,1962, Frank Lovejoy died of an attack in his sleep at his residence in New York City. His wife, Joan Banks, called for help after she was unable to wake him. The couple had been appearing in a New Jersey production of the Gore Vidal play The Best Man, official website Frank Lovejoy at the Internet Movie Database Frank Lovejoy at AllMovie Frank Lovejoy at the Internet Broadway Database Frank Lovejoy at Find a Grave
