1.
Akron, Ohio
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Akron /ˈækrən/ is the fifth-largest city in the U. S. state of Ohio and is the county seat of Summit County. It is located on the edge of the Glaciated Allegheny Plateau. As of the 2015 Census Estimate, the city proper had a population of 197,542. The Akron, OH Metropolitan Statistical Area covers Summit and Portage counties and it is also part of the larger Cleveland-Akron-Canton, OH Combined Statistical Area, which in 2013 had a population of 3,501,538, ranking 15th. Co-founded along the Little Cuyahoga River in 1825 by Simon Perkins and Paul Williams, it was done so being a point at the summit of the developing Ohio. The name derived from the Greek word ἄκρον signifying a summit or high point, due to Eliakim Crosby founding North Akron in 1833, South was added to its name until the two merged into an incorporated village in 1836. Neighboring settlements Kenmore and Ellet became annexed in 1929 and it is a setting for several movie films, television shows and novel stories, and is the origin of fictional characters. Residents of the city are called Akronites and it has had many nicknames, three of which are Rubber Capital of the World, Rubber City and City of Invention. Akron became a manufacturing center owing to its location on the canal, as well as being connected to numerous others and railroad lines. The city is home to the All-American Soapbox Derby, WGC-Bridgestone Invitational, Stan Hywet Hall and Gardens, Akron City Hospital, the Goodyear Polymer Center, and Alcoholics Anonymous. Listed by Newsweek as one of ten Information Age high tech havens, it was awarded by the National Civic League, residents Frank and Charles Menches have a disputed claim of inventing the hamburger thus the annual national festival is hosted in the city. A creature often referred to as the Kenmore Grassman is reported through history, Notable historical events that occurred in the city includes the Akron School Law of 1847 creating the K-12 system, and Sojourner Truth giving her Aint I A Woman. Resident Ferdinand Schumacher supplied the Union Army with quaker oats during the American Civil War. Akron is known for the rubber, tire, and airship industries among others, including the trucking, stoneware, sewer pipe, fishing tackle, farming equipment, mining, match, zipper, and toy industries. With a population increase of 201. 8% during the 1910s, three major civil unrest events took place during the riot of 1900, rubber strike of 1936, and the Wooster Avenue riots of 1968. Du Bois and President Bill Clinton gave speeches on race relations in the city, while visiting during August 1914, Marcus Garvey founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association. In 1971, James R. Williams founded Alpha Phi Alpha Homes Inc. to build the Channelwood Village area of Akron. During a 2016 march on West Market Street, purple heart Vietnam War veteran, Notable criminal history includes mobster Rosario Borgio headquartering the areas black hand operations, and Pretty Boy Floyds Walker-Mitchell mobs activities
2.
Portland, Oregon
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Portland is a port and the largest city in the U. S. state of Oregon and the seat of Multnomah County. It is in the Willamette Valley region of the Pacific Northwest, at the confluence of the Willamette, the city covers 145 square miles and had an estimated population of 632,309 in 2015, making it the 26th most populous city in the United States. Approximately 2,389,228 people live in the Portland metropolitan statistical area and its Combined Statistical Area ranks 17th with a population of 3,022,178. Roughly 60% of Oregons population resides within the Portland metropolitan area, named after Portland, Maine, the Oregon settlement began to be populated in the 1830s near the end of the Oregon Trail. Its water access provided convenient transportation of goods, and the industry was a major force in the citys early economy. At the turn of the 20th century, the city had a reputation as one of the most dangerous cities in the world. After the citys economy experienced a boom during World War II. Beginning in the 1960s, Portland became noted for its liberal political values, and the city has earned a reputation as a bastion of counterculture. According to a 2009 Pew Research Center study, Portland ranks as the eighth most popular American city, the city operates with a commission-based government guided by a mayor and four commissioners as well as Metro, the only directly elected metropolitan planning organization in the United States. The city government is notable for its planning and investment in public transportation. Its climate is marked by warm, dry summers and cool and this climate is ideal for growing roses, and Portland has been called the City of Roses for over a century. Keep Portland Weird is a slogan for the city. During the prehistoric period, the land that would become Portland was flooded after the collapse of glacial dams from Lake Missoula and these massive floods occurred during the last ice age and filled the Willamette Valley with 300 to 400 feet of water. The Chinook people occupying the land which would become Portland were first documented by Meriwether Lewis, before its European settlement, the Portland Basin of the lower Columbia River and Willamette River valleys had been one of the most densely populated regions on the Pacific Coast. Large numbers of settlers began arriving in the Willamette Valley in the 1830s via the Oregon Trail. In the early 1840s a new settlement began emerging ten miles from the mouth of the Willamette River and this community was initially referred to as Stumptown and The Clearing because of the many trees cut down to allow for its growth. In 1843 William Overton saw potential in the new settlement but lacked the funds to file a land claim. For 25 cents Overton agreed to half of the 640-acre site with Asa Lovejoy of Boston
3.
Jazz
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Jazz is a music genre that originated amongst African Americans in New Orleans, United States, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and developed from roots in Blues and Ragtime. Since the 1920s jazz age, jazz has become recognized as a form of musical expression. Jazz is characterized by swing and blue notes, call and response vocals, polyrhythms, Jazz has roots in West African cultural and musical expression, and in African-American music traditions including blues and ragtime, as well as European military band music. Although the foundation of jazz is deeply rooted within the Black experience of the United States, different cultures have contributed their own experience, intellectuals around the world have hailed jazz as one of Americas original art forms. As jazz spread around the world, it drew on different national, regional, and local musical cultures, New Orleans jazz began in the early 1910s, combining earlier brass-band marches, French quadrilles, biguine, ragtime and blues with collective polyphonic improvisation. In the 1930s, heavily arranged dance-oriented swing big bands, Kansas City jazz, bebop emerged in the 1940s, shifting jazz from danceable popular music toward a more challenging musicians music which was played at faster tempos and used more chord-based improvisation. Cool jazz developed in the end of the 1940s, introducing calmer, smoother sounds and long, modal jazz developed in the late 1950s, using the mode, or musical scale, as the basis of musical structure and improvisation. Jazz-rock fusion appeared in the late 1960s and early 1970s, combining jazz improvisation with rock rhythms, electric instruments. In the early 1980s, a form of jazz fusion called smooth jazz became successful. Other styles and genres abound in the 2000s, such as Latin, the question of the origin of the word jazz has resulted in considerable research, and its history is well documented. It is believed to be related to jasm, a term dating back to 1860 meaning pep. The use of the word in a context was documented as early as 1915 in the Chicago Daily Tribune. Its first documented use in a context in New Orleans was in a November 14,1916 Times-Picayune article about jas bands. In an interview with NPR, musician Eubie Blake offered his recollections of the slang connotations of the term, saying, When Broadway picked it up. That was dirty, and if you knew what it was, the American Dialect Society named it the Word of the Twentieth Century. Jazz has proved to be difficult to define, since it encompasses such a wide range of music spanning a period of over 100 years. Attempts have been made to define jazz from the perspective of other musical traditions, in the opinion of Robert Christgau, most of us would say that inventing meaning while letting loose is the essence and promise of jazz. As Duke Ellington, one of jazzs most famous figures, said, although jazz is considered highly difficult to define, at least in part because it contains so many varied subgenres, improvisation is consistently regarded as being one of its key elements
4.
Experimental rock
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Experimental rock is a subgenre of rock music which pushes the boundaries of common composition and performance technique or which experiments with the basic elements of the genre. From its inception, rock music was experimental, but it wasnt until the late 1960s that rock artists began creating extended, in 1967, the genre was as commercially viable as pop music, but by 1970, most of its leading players had incapacitated themselves in some form. In Germany, the krautrock subgenre merged elements of improvisation and psychedelic rock with avant-garde, later in the 1970s, significant musical crossbreeding took place in tandem with the developments of punk and new wave, DIY experimentation, and electronic music. Funk, jazz-rock, and fusion rhythms became integrated into experimental rock music. The first wave of 1980s experimental rock groups had few precedents for their sound. Later in the decade, avant-rock pursued a psychedelic aesthetic that differed from the self-consciousness, during the 1990s, a loose movement known as post-rock became the dominant form of experimental rock. As of the 2010s, the experimental rock has fallen to indiscriminate use, with virtually every modern rock band being categorized under prefixes such as post-, kraut-, psych-. Although experimentation had always existed in music, it wasnt until the late 1960s that new openings were created from the aesthetic intersecting with the social. In 1966, the boundaries between pop music and the avant-garde began to blur as rock albums were conceived and executed as distinct, self-taught rock musicians in the middle and late 1960s drew from the work of composers such as John Cage, Karlheinz Stockhausen, and Luciano Berio. In addition, The Quietus Ben Graham described duos the Silver Apples, calling attention to the very recordedness of the album. This would also be reflected in contemporary experimental rock LPs, such as the Beach Boys Pet Sounds and Smile, the Whos The Who Sell Out and Tommy. The Velvet Underground were a group in experimental rock, according to Rosenberg. Peppers inspired a new consideration for experimental rock as commercially viable music, as progressive rock developed, experimental rock acquired notoriety alongside art rock. By 1970, most of the musicians which had been at the forefront of rock had incapacitated themselves. Groups such as Can, Faust, Neu, the ideas of minimalism and composers such as Stockhausen would be particularly influential. During this era, funk, jazz-rock, and fusion rhythms became integrated into experimental rock music, some groups who were categorized as post-punk considered themselves part of an experimental rock trajectory, with This Heat as one of the prominent players. Anderson claims that the no wave scene represented New York’s last stylistically cohesive avant-rock movement, steve Redhead noted the resuscitation of New Yorks avant-rock scene, including artists such as Sonic Youth and John Zorn, in the 1980s. In the late 1980s, avant-rock pursued a frazzled, psychedelia-tinged, blissed out aesthetic that differed from the self-consciousness, the UK shoegaze scene was seen by some as a continuation of an experimental rock tradition
5.
Tom Waits
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Thomas Alan Tom Waits is an American singer-songwriter, composer, and actor. He has worked as a composer for movies and musicals and has acted in supporting roles in films, including Paradise Alley and he also starred in Jim Jarmuschs 1986 film Down by Law. He was nominated for an Academy Award for his work on One from the Heart. Waits lyrics frequently present atmospheric portraits of grotesque, often seedy characters and places and he has a cult following and has influenced subsequent songwriters despite having little radio or music video support. His songs are best-known through cover versions by more artists, Jersey Girl, performed by Bruce Springsteen, Ol 55, by the Eagles. Although Waits albums have met with mixed success in his native United States. He has been nominated for a number of music awards and has won Grammy Awards for two albums, Bone Machine and Mule Variations. In 2011, Waits was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and he is also included among the 2010 list of Rolling Stones 100 Greatest Singers, as well as the 2015 list of Rolling Stones 100 Greatest Songwriters of All Time. Waits lives in Sonoma County, California, with his wife Kathleen Brennan, Waits was born at Park Avenue Hospital in Pomona, the son of schoolteachers Alma Fern McMurray and Jesse Frank Waits. After his parents divorced in 1960, he lived with his mother in Whittier, Waits, who taught himself how to play the piano on a neighbors instrument, often took trips to Mexico with his father, who taught Spanish. He would later say that he found his love of music during these trips through a Mexican ballad that was probably a Ranchera, you know, on the car radio with my dad. By 1965, while attending at Hilltop High School in Chula Vista and he later admitted that he was not a fan of the 1960s music scene, stating, I wasnt thrilled by Blue Cheer, so I found an alternative, even if it was Bing Crosby. Five years later, he was working as a doorman at the Heritage nightclub in San Diego, where artists of every genre performed, when he did his first paid gig for $6. A fan of Bob Dylan, Lord Buckley, Jack Kerouac, Louis Armstrong, Howlin Wolf, in 1971, Waits moved to the Echo Park neighborhood of L. A. and signed with Herb Cohen at the age of 21. From August to December 1971, Waits made a series of recordings for Zappa and Cohens Bizarre/Straight label. These early tracks were released 20 years later on The Early Years, Volume One, Waits signed to Asylum Records in 1972, and after numerous abortive recording sessions, his first record—the jazzy, folk-tinged Closing Time—was released in 1973. Lee Hazlewood became one of the first major artists to cover a Tom Waits song, using the title variation Those Were Days Of Roses on his album for Capitol, Poet, Fool, or Bum. Also in 1973, Tim Buckley released the album Sefronia, which contained another version of Waits song Martha from Closing Time
6.
Dieselhed
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Dieselhed was a San Francisco-based band, originally from Arcata, California. Dieselhed formed in 1989 in Arcata, California later moving to San Francisco, California, playing a blend of country, punk, drummer Heifetz spread his time between Dieselhed and the genre-bending experimentalists Mr. Bungle. The band signed a contract with independent label Amarillo Records in the early 1990s. Dieselhed released three albums for Amarillo while maintaining a national touring schedule throughout the 90s, often accompanied by road manager John Tynan. Dieselheds self-titled 1993 debut was received well, leading to a modest spurt of college radio airplay, the band wound up selling out Amarillos first two pressings of the album. Their second album, Tales of a Brown Dragon, came out in 1995, Dieselhed became regulars at the SXSW music festival held each year in Austin, Texas. Their third album, 1997s Shallow Water Blackout, was produced by Dwight Yoakam engineer Dusty Wakeman, Dieselhed followed their 1997 release with two U. S. tours opening for Link Wray. For these dates Ellis and Heifitz would return to the stage after their opening set each night to back Wray, the two would go on to become Wrays regular backing band from 1997 to 2003. In 1998 Dieselhed signed a new contract with Bong Load Records, Dieselhed issued Elephant Rest Home in 1998 and their final album, the rarely seen Chico and the Flute in 2000 on Bongload before disbanding later in 2000. Lead songwriter Virgil Shaw went on to two critically acclaimed solo albums, Quad Cities and Still Falling, for San Franciscos independent label Future Farmer Records. Co-songwriter Zac Holtzman now plays in the Los Angeles-based band Dengue Fever, danny Heifetz, now raising a family in Australia, stays busy with local studio session work and drum lessons. Atom Ellis resides between San Francisco and Los Angeles and performs as bassist with Neil Hamburger, The New Cars, guitarist Shon McAllin is currently a licensed contractor residing in the deep woods of Northern California
7.
Marc Ribot
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Marc Ribot is an American guitarist and composer. His work has touched on many styles, including no wave, free jazz, rock, Ribot is also known for collaborating with other musicians, most notably Tom Waits, Elvis Costello, Vinicio Capossela, and composer John Zorn. Ribot was born in Newark, New Jersey and he has worked extensively as a session guitarist. Ribots earliest session work was featured on Tom Waitss Rain Dogs, Ribot worked with Waits on many of his following albums including Franks Wild Years, Big Time, Mule Variations, Real Gone, Orphans, Brawlers, Bawlers & Bastards and Bad as Me. He has appeared on Elvis Costellos Spike, Mighty Like a Rose, ribots first two albums featured the Rootless Cosmopolitans, followed by an album of works by Frantz Casseus for solo guitar. I couldnt be a straight-ahead jazz contender if you held a gun to my head, calvin Weston with guitarist Mary Halvorson plus a three-piece string section. A biographical documentary film about Ribot was made, called The Lost String, Ribot was also a judge for the 6th annual Independent Music Awards. I Killed Your God ¡Muy Divertido
8.
The B-52's
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The B-52s are an American new wave band, formed in Athens, Georgia, in 1976 and one of the only quintessential 1980s bands that have survived to date. Their best selling songs have been Love Shack and Roam while Rock Lobster remains a well-known hit, the original line-up consisted of Fred Schneider, Kate Pierson, Cindy Wilson, Ricky Wilson, and Keith Strickland. After Ricky Wilsons death from AIDS in 1985, Strickland switched from drums to lead guitar, the band also added touring members for albums and live performances. Rooted in new wave and 1960s rock and roll, the group later covered many genres, ranging from post-punk to pop rock. The guy vs. gals vocals of Schneider, Pierson, and Wilson, sometimes used in call and response style, other ideas they had to name their band were the Tina-Trons and Fellinis Children. When they first jammed, Strickland played guitar and Wilson played congas and they later played their first concert in 1977 at a Valentines Day party for their friends. The bands name comes from a beehive hairdo resembling the nose cone of the aircraft of the same name. Strickland suggested the name after a dream he had had one night, in the dream he heard someone whisper in his ear that the name of the band was the B-52s. Both this version of Rock Lobster and its B-side 52 Girls are different recordings from those on their first album, the re-recorded version of Rock Lobster was released as a single. In the UK and Germany it was backed with a version of Running Around. In Canada, released on the Warner Bros. label, the single went from cult hit to bona fide smash, eventually going on to reach the No.1 position in the RPM-compiled national chart on May 24,1980. In 1979, the B-52s signed contracts with Warner Bros. Records for North America, South America, Australia, and New Zealand, and with Island Records for the UK, Europe, and Asia. In April, they flew over to Compass Point Studios in Nassau, Bahamas to record their studio album. The band was surprised by Blackwells recording methods, he wanted to keep the sound as close as possible to their live sound so used almost no overdubs or additional effects. Released on July 6,1979, The B-52s contained re-recorded versions of Rock Lobster and 52 Girls, six originals recorded solely for the album, and a cover of the Petula Clark single Downtown. The album was a success, especially in Australia where it reached number three on the charts alongside its three singles Planet Claire, Rock Lobster, and Dance This Mess Around. In the United States, the single Rock Lobster reached the Billboard Hot 100 chart, in 1980, John Lennon cited Rock Lobster as an inspiration for his comeback with Double Fantasy. In April 1980, as with their first album, The B-52s traveled to Compass Point Studios in the Bahamas to record the follow-up
9.
Elvis Costello
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Declan Patrick MacManus, better known by his stage name Elvis Costello, is an English musician, singer-songwriter, and record producer. His critically acclaimed album, My Aim Is True, was released in 1977. Shortly after recording it, he formed the Attractions as his backing band and his second album, This Years Model, was released in 1978, and was ranked number 11 by Rolling Stone on its list of the best albums from 1967–1987. His third album, Armed Forces, was released in 1979 and his first three albums all appeared on Rolling Stones list of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time. Costello and the Attractions toured and recorded together for the part of a decade. Much of Costellos work since has been as a solo artist, steeped in wordplay, the vocabulary of Costellos lyrics is broad. His music has drawn on many genres, one critic described him as a pop encyclopaedia. He has won awards in his career, including a Grammy Award. In 2003, Costello and the Attractions were inducted into the Rock, in 2004, Rolling Stone ranked Costello number 80 on their list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time. Costello has co-written several original songs for motion pictures, including God Give Me Strength from Grace of My Heart, for the latter, Costello was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song and the Grammy Award for Best Song Written for Visual Media. Costello was born in 25 August 1954 at St Marys Hospital, London, the son of Lilian Alda and Ross MacManus, Costello lived in Twickenham, attending Archbishop Myers R. C. School, which is now St Marks Catholic Secondary School, in neighbouring Hounslow, with a musically inclined father, Costellos first broadcast recording was with his father in a television commercial for R. Whites Lemonade. His father wrote and sang the song, Costello provided backing vocals, the advertisement won a silver award at the 1974 International Advertising Festival. Costello moved with his Liverpool-born mother to Birkenhead, Cheshire, in 1971, there, he formed his first band, a folk duo called Rusty, with Allan Mayes. After completing secondary school at St. Francis Xaviers College he moved back to London where he formed a band called Flip City. They were active from 1974 through to early 1976, around this time, Costello adopted the stage name D. P. His father had performed under the name Day Costello, and Elvis has said in interviews that he took this name as a tribute to his father and he worked for a short period as a computer operator at the Midland Bank computer centre in Bootle. He continued to write songs and began looking for a recording contract
10.
The Black Keys
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The Black Keys are an American rock band formed in Akron, Ohio, in 2001. The group consists of Dan Auerbach and Patrick Carney, the bands raw blues rock sound draws heavily from Auerbachs blues influences, including Junior Kimbrough, Howlin Wolf, and Robert Johnson. Friends since childhood, Auerbach and Carney founded the group after dropping out of college, after signing with indie label Alive, they released their debut album, The Big Come Up, which earned them a new deal with Fat Possum Records. Their third album, Rubber Factory, received acclaim and boosted the bands profile. The groups commercial breakthrough came in 2010 with Brothers, which along with its popular single Tighten Up, won three Grammy Awards. Their 2011 follow-up El Camino received strong reviews and peaked at two on the Billboard 200 chart, leading to the first arena concert tour of the bands career. The album and its hit single Lonely Boy won three Grammy Awards, in 2014, they released their eighth album, Turn Blue, their first number-one record in the US, Canada, and Australia. Guitarist/vocalist Dan Auerbach and drummer Patrick Carney first met when they were eight or nine years old living in the same neighborhood of Akron. Auerbach and Carney both come from musical backgrounds, Auerbach is the cousin of guitarist Robert Quine, a veteran of New Yorks avant-rock scene. Carney is the nephew of saxophonist Ralph Carney, who performed on several Tom Waits albums, while attending Firestone High School, they became friends, though they were part of different crowds—Auerbach was captain of the high school soccer team, while Carney was a social outcast. Encouraged by their brothers, the duo began jamming together in 1996, as Auerbach was learning guitar at the time and Carney owned a four-track recorder, after graduating, both briefly attended the University of Akron before dropping out. Auerbach attempted to make a living performing at small bars in town. To record one, he asked for help from Carney, who agreed to recording equipment. However, none of Auerbachs backing band showed up on the recording date, instead, Carney and Auerbach jammed, eventually leading to the duo forming a band in mid-2001. Together, they recorded a demo consisting of old blues rip-offs. On March 20,2002, the duo played their first live show at Clevelands Beachland Ballroom and Tavern to an audience of approximately eight people. The bands debut album, The Big Come Up, was recorded entirely in Carneys basement on an 8-track tape recorder in lo-fi and was released in May 2002, three months after they signed to Alive. Two tracks, covers of the blues standard Leavin Trunk and The Beatles song She Said
11.
Jonathan Richman
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Jonathan Michael Richman is an American singer, songwriter and guitarist. In 1970 he founded the Modern Lovers, an influential proto-punk band, since the mid-1970s, Richman has worked either solo or with low-key, acoustic and electric, backing. Currently, he plays only acoustic to protect his hearing and he is known for his wide-eyed, unaffected and childlike outlook, and music that, while rooted in rock and roll, is influenced by music from around the world. Born in Natick, Massachusetts, into a Jewish family, Richman began playing music, failing at this, he returned to Boston. While in Boston, Richman formed the Modern Lovers, a garage rock band. Other notable members of the group were keyboard player Jerry Harrison and drummer David Robinson, who later joined Talking Heads, in 1972 they recorded a series of demos with producer John Cale. Among these songs were the seminal Roadrunner and Pablo Picasso which were released on the groups post-breakup album. The album was strange for its time, featuring Velvets-influenced basic three-chord rock at a time when glam, later in 1972, the group also recorded with producer Kim Fowley, these demos were eventually released in 1981 as The Original Modern Lovers. Despite playing live regularly, the Modern Lovers had a difficult time securing a recording contract and this stymied efforts to complete a debut album, and led to the breakup of the original Modern Lovers in February 1974. In 1975, Richman moved to California to record as a solo singer/songwriter with Beserkley Records, the albums produced by the new group found Richman turning away from electric rock music towards gentler acoustic textures, with a strong rooting in 1950s rock and roll. After several months as a trio, Richman found a new drummer, D. Sharpe, a jazz player on the Boston scene. Rock and Roll with the Modern Lovers was released in 1977 and, just as this began to climb the charts in Europe. A subsequent live album, Modern Lovers Live, was released in 1978, in the United Kingdom, Richman was recognised as a progenitor of the punk rock scene, and several of his singles became hits. Roadrunner reached Number 11 in the UK Singles Chart, and its follow-up, Egyptian Reggae was a version of Jamaican musician Earl Zeros reggae song None Shall Escape the Judgment, Zero was credited as co-writer on Richmans later versions of the track. Back in Your Life was released in 1979 under the Jonathan Richman and the Modern Lovers moniker, following the Modern Lovers final breakup, Richman went on sabbatical for a few years, staying in Appleton, Maine, and playing at local bars in Belfast, Maine. He returned to recording in 1983 with Jonathan Sings and these were followed up with US tours and a brace of pop recordings. In 1993, he contributed the track Hot Nights to the AIDS-Benefit Album No Alternative produced by the Red Hot Organization, always possessing an ardent cult following, Richman has become better known in recent years thanks to a series of appearances on Late Night with Conan OBrien. He also appeared briefly in a bar scene in a previous Farrelly Brothers film, Kingpin, in 1998 a live album of Modern Lovers recordings from the early 1970s was released, Live at the Long Branch & More
12.
Les Claypool
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Leslie Edward Les Claypool is an American musician, singer, songwriter, composer, author and actor best known as the bassist and lead vocalist of the band Primus. Claypools playing style on the electric bass mixes tapping, flamenco-like strumming, whammy bar bends, Claypool has also self-produced and engineered his solo releases from his own studio, Rancho Relaxo. 2006 saw the release of a feature film Electric Apricot written. Claypool was born September 29,1963, in Richmond, California, Claypool decided to become a bass player, pursuing the instrument from the age of fourteen. Claypool has cited Larry Graham, Chris Squire, Tony Levin, Roger Waters, Geddy Lee, Paul McCartney, Geezer Butler, Bootsy Collins, Stanley Clarke and he went to school with and was a friend of guitarist Kirk Hammett, later of Metallica. For several years before forming Primus, Claypool worked as a carpenter, in 1986, after the death of Metallica bassist Cliff Burton, Hammett encouraged Claypool to audition for Metallica as Burtons successor. Metallica frontman James Hetfield remarked that Claypool was not offered the job because he was too good, Claypool said later that he was unaware of Metallicas success and influence and auditioned mainly out of friendship with Hammett, and further stated he would not have fit in with the band. Claypool replaced them with guitarist Larry LaLonde and drummer Tim Alexander, Claypool is considered to be the leader of the band, as well as the driving force behind its blending of funk with other genres. Claypool frequently utilizes the technique, prominent in funk music. I guess people just have to categorize you, in 1991, the band was featured in the cult classic movie Bill and Teds Bogus Journey, performing Tommy the Cat live. Claypool and Tom Waits first recorded on each others records in 1991 and have continued to do so since, in 1997, Primus was asked to play and record the theme song for the animated television show South Park. In 1999, he allowed Activisions use of the song Jerry Was a Race Car Driver in the video game Tony Hawks Pro Skater. Primus went on hiatus in 2000, in mid-2003, Claypool reunited with former Primus drummer Tim Alexander and guitarist Larry LaLonde to record a DVD/EP called Animals Should Not Try to Act Like People. Primus continued touring into 2004, performing their 1990 release Frizzle Fry as their set, as documented on the DVD Hallucino-Genetics. The band toured in 2006 on their Primus, The Beat a Dead Horse Tour 2006, and played at a small number of festivals in 2008. In 2010, Alexander, who had left the band for the time due to lack of interest, was replaced by Jay Lane. The band subsequently resumed touring after the free June 2010 Rehearsal was released later that year, in 2013, Lane left Primus for the second time to focus on his other band RatDog, who were coming off hiatus at the time, and was replaced again by Alexander. In 1996, Claypool produced, engineered and released an album, Les Claypool
13.
Stan Ridgway
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Stanard Stan Ridgway is an American multi-instrumentalist singer-songwriter and film and television composer known for his distinctive voice, dramatic lyrical narratives, and eclectic solo albums. He was the lead singer of the band Wall of Voodoo. The band was named Wall of Voodoo by Ridgway before their first gig, Ridgways WoV music could fairly be described as a cross between early synthesizer pop and Ennio Morricones soundtracks for Italian director Sergio Leones epic western films of the 1960s. Ridgway embarked on a career in 1983, shortly after Wall of Voodoos appearance. Ridgways album Snakebite, Blacktop Ballads and Fugitive Songs, features the song, Talkin Wall Of Voodoo Blues Pt.1. Since the early days of Wall of Voodoo, Ridgway has been interested in making music for the cinema, a list of films for which Ridgway has written scores and/or original songs is included below. A compilation DVD of the films was released in February 2005, in 1995, Drywall released its first album, titled Work the Dumb Oracle. A short film directed by Carlos Grasso titled The Drywall Incident was released the same year, an extended, instrumental soundtrack album for The Drywall Incident was released in 1996. Riley, who toured with Wall Of Voodoo on their 1982 Call of the West – Tour of Virtue as the bands merchandiser. The album was released on CD in 2003 as Blood – Miniature Paintings of Sorrow, Ridgway plays banjo and harmonica in Wexstuns group Hecates Angels. Stan Ridgway and Drywall regrouped in 2006 to release the album Barbeque Babylon, the new Drywall lineup features Rick King on guitars and bass and Bruce Zelesnik on drums and percussion. In 2008 Ridgway and Wexstun released Silly Songs For Kids Vol.1, a collection of childrens songs that feature the duo and also saxophonist and woodwind player Ralph Carney
14.
Medeski Martin & Wood
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Medeski Martin & Wood is an American avant-jazz-funk band formed in 1991, consisting of John Medeski on keyboards, Billy Martin on drums, and Chris Wood on bass. The band is influenced by musical traditions including funk and hip hop and is known for a style sometimes described as avant-groove. MMW has found mainstream success, often working with noted guitarist John Scofield. The band members were introduced to other by jazz drummer Bob Moses, who had performed with Medeski and Wood. Medeski Martin & Woods first performances together were at the Village Gate and they were initially an acoustic jazz trio, but Medeski added a Hammond organ when the difficulties of touring with a piano became apparent. Their first album, Notes from the Underground, is a record of their entirely-acoustic era, all of their subsequent albums reveal Medeskis use of a wide variety of keyboards, including mellotron, melodica, and a clavinet. Wood entirely eschewed the electric bass for MMWs first three albums, and still heavily on the acoustic upright bass in recordings and during live performances. Their earlier albums reveal a Hip Hop influenced updating of classic soul jazz sounds, in addition, their performance on John Scofields 1997 album A Go Go helped to further their exposure. The band collaborated further with Scofield again in 2006, releasing the album Out Louder under the name Medeski Scofield Martin & Wood and this was the first album released on MMWs own Indirecto Records. Medeski Martin & Woods live performances are renowned for their exploratory nature and their concerts usually involve extended improvisations, which may be both arrhythmic and atonal, an aspect of their musicianship that is rarely documented in the studio. They occasionally tour using only acoustic instruments, reverting to the instrumentation that they began their career with and their album Tonic is an example of these more contemporary acoustic performances. They have also done tours of entirely improvisatory performances. These shows usually consisted of two sets of improvisation, followed by an encore of a song from an album, each of the trios three members is involved in a large music community, and has participated in numerous side projects over the years. In 2001 John Medeski collaborated with the North Mississippi Allstars and steel guitarist Robert Randolph, together, these five musicians formed The Word and they released two albums and toured extensively. Beginning around 2005 Chris Wood formed The Wood Brothers with his brother and they have released several albums to date and continue to tour and record together. In 2007 John Medeski and Billy Martin released an album as a duo and they performed that material together at the 2007 Bonnaroo Music Festival
15.
Jed Davis
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Jed Davis is an American musician based in New York City. He sings and plays keyboards as a solo artist and with Sevendys, The Hanslick Rebellion, Skyscape, Space Toilets, and Jeebus, as a high-school senior, keyboardist Davis formed the band Skyscape with singer Domenic Maltempi in 1991. Skyscape recorded a CD, Band Of The Week, two years later, after moving to the Albany area to attend the State University of New York at Albany, Davis performed in a solo capacity, self-releasing a demo tape titled Jed Has Too Much Free Time. The demos 33 songs were recorded on a 4-track cassette recorder by Davis, Skyscape is still active, releasing the full-length albums Zetacarnosa in 2009 and Dr. Des Moines in 2016. Davis formed a new band, The Hanslick Rebellion, in 1995 with Dubovoy, known for a live show matched in intensity only by the groups backstage in-fighting, the Rebellion self-released the live cassette the rebellion is here in 1996. The volatile band imploded and ended in early 1997, reuniting for a tenth anniversary performance at New Yorks CBGB on September 22,2005. In March of 2017, The Hanslick Rebellion released a single, Wholl Apologize For This Disaster Of A Life. As programmer for the fusion band Collider, Davis was a pioneer of New York Citys electroclash movement. Colliders debut album, 1998s Blowing Shit Up, was a mash-up of samples, dance grooves, synthesizers, between 2000 and 2005, Davis composed the music and lyrics for a stage musical, Rise and Shine, with librettist Arturo Vega. An attempt to record the musical in album form was aborted after several years of work, despite a voice cast which included Dicky Barrett, C. J. Ramone, Matthew Koma, Brian Dewan and Jessy Moss. Following Vegas death in 2013, Davis resumed work on the recording in tribute to his friend, adding Heather Maloney, Miss Guy, Avi Buffalo and Shea Diamond to the cast. Moving to lower Manhattan influenced Daviss transition from electroclash toward a rawer punk sound, colliders final release, WCYF, was produced by Ramones drummer/producer Tommy Ramone. In addition, Daviss tribute song to Joey Ramone, The Bowery Electric, brought Tommy, Marky and C. J. Ramone, as well as Ramones producer Daniel Rey, together for a historic recording session. The Bowery Electric was released as a single on Spanish label No Tomorrow, after Collider disbanded in 2004, Davis released a single, With Love From America, under the band name The Congregation Of Vapors. In July 2008, Davis recorded 14 songs for an album at Chicagos Electrical Audio with engineer Steve Albini. As is customary for Albini recordings, the album was captured live to tape as performed by Davis. This recording was released on 8-track tape in July,2011, Davis is enamored of archaic media formats. He released the single Yuppie Exodus From Dumbo on cylinder record in June 2010, the limited edition of 50 copies was signed and numbered by Davis and Michael Doret, who designed the packaging
16.
Bill Laswell
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Bill Laswell is an American bassist, producer and record label owner. Laswell has been involved in hundreds of recordings with many collaborators from all over the world, Laswells music draws upon many different genres, most notably funk, various world music, jazz, dub and ambient styles. He has also played or produced music from the noisier, more aggressive end of the spectrum, such as hardcore punk. According to music critic Chris Brazier, Laswells pet concept is collision music which involves bringing together musicians from wildly divergent but complementary spheres, the credo of one record label run by Laswell, and which typifies much of his work, is Nothing Is True, Everything Is Permitted. Similarly, most versions of Praxis have featured guitarist Buckethead, but have explored different permutations with each new album, Laswell got his earliest professional experience as a bassist with funk groups in and around Detroit and Ann Arbor, Michigan. He often would see shows in Detroit that put together such as Iggy. Seeing these differing styles of music in his frequent trips to Detroit and his exposure to jazz musicians like John Coltrane, Albert Ayler and particularly Miles Davis electric experiments of the mid-1960s to mid-1970s, have also clearly influenced his thinking. In the late 1970s Laswell made the move to New York City and he moved into producer Giorgio Gomelskys loft and became part of a group of musicians that would eventually become the first incarnation of Material. Material, primarily consisting of Laswell, keyboardist Michael Beinhorn and drummer Fred Maher, also cut a number of 12 releases for Red Records and they were usually supplemented by guitarists, notably either Cliff Cultreri and occasionally Robert Quine. Living in the East Village also put Laswell at the center of a group of musicians both up and coming such as John Zorn and established, such as Fred Frith and Brian Eno. His persistence in asking Eno to work with him paid off in the form of contributions to Eno, Brian Eno also contributed a song to the Material album, One Down. Within a few years of moving to New York, Laswell founded a studio with producer/engineer Martin Bisi and hooked up with Jean Karakos. Under the Material moniker Laswell became the de facto producer for Celluloid until the sale of the label in the later 1980s. During this time in the early to mid-1980s, Laswell was able to some of his Material excursions as well as projects such as Massacre, with Fred Frith. Recordings with the Golden Palominos and production on albums by Shango, Toure Kunda, Celluloid also released a slew of 12 devoted to Hip-Hop, becoming a precursor to the popularity the form enjoyed starting in the mid-1980s. Fab 5 Freddy, Phase II and Afrika Bambaataa all appeared on the label,1982 also saw Laswells solo debut, Baselines. Also recording a Laswell-helmed solo album for Celluloid was Ginger Baker and he likewise brought Sonny Sharrock out of semi-retirement and produced some of the guitarists most acclaimed recordings, starting with the solo LP Guitar. Laswells artistic and commercial breakthrough came via Herbie Hancocks Future Shock album, Laswell produced the album, played bass on all the songs, the collaboration has led to three other albums by Herbie Hancock, as well as numerous Hancock appearances on Laswell productions through the early 2000s
17.
Patrick Carney
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Patrick James Carney is an American musician and producer best known as the drummer for The Black Keys, a blues rock band from Akron, Ohio. He also has a rock band called Drummer. Carneys father, Jim, was a reporter until his retirement from the Akron Beacon Journal in Ohio and his mother, Mary Stormer, is an Akron Municipal Court deputy clerk and is a former member of the Akron Board of Education. His stepfather, Barry Stormer, owns B. A. Stormer Construction Services and his uncle, Ralph Carney, is a professional sax player, and has played with Tom Waits, among others. Dan Auerbach also lived in this neighborhood, and the two met and played tag football with Auerbachs friends, although they did not become friends until high school, as a teenager, Carney was musically influenced by bands such as Pavement, Captain Beefheart and fellow Akron band Devo. In 2001 Carney and Auerbach, lead singer and guitarist, formed The Black Keys and this was followed by Thickfreakness in 2003 and Rubber Factory in 2004. The bands fourth album Magic Potion was released in 2006, attack & Release, their critically acclaimed fifth album was released in 2008, with a follow up in 2010 titled Brothers. In 2011, the released the album El Camino. The bands latest album is Turn Blue, released in 2014, both Carney and Auerbach record with Nonesuch Records. In 2009, Carney joined the 9th annual Independent Music Awards judging panel to support independent musicians careers, Carney has produced records for Beaten Awake, Houseguest, Churchbuilder, and The Black Keys. He is the founder of Audio Eagle Records, in 2009, while fellow Black Keys member Dan Auerbach was on his solo tour, Carney formed a new band called Drummer in which he played bass. Each of the members had played drums in another band. They released Feel Good Together, their album in the same year. In 2012, he produced the album for Canadian rockers The Sheepdogs. Atlantic Records released it on September 4 of that year, in 2011, he produced the second studio album by Tennis, titled Young & Old, which was released on Fat Possum Records on February 14,2012. Carney also contributed the title music to the 2014 Netflix show BoJack Horseman. Carney is the drummer on The Rentals 2014 album Lost in Alphaville, in 2005, Carney created Audio Eagle Records, an independent record label. It signed acts such as Houseguest, Royal Bangs and Carneys own side-project Drummer, Carney shut the label down in 2010
18.
Saxophone
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The saxophone is a family of woodwind instruments. Saxophones are usually made of brass and played with a single-reed mouthpiece similar to that of the clarinet, the saxophone family was invented by the Belgian instrument maker Adolphe Sax in 1840. He patented the saxophone on June 28,1846, in two groups of seven instruments each, each series consisted of instruments of various sizes in alternating transposition. The series pitched in B♭ and E♭, designed for bands, have proved extremely popular. The saxophone is used in music, military bands, marching bands. The saxophone was developed in 1846 by Adolphe Sax, a Belgian instrument maker, flautist, born in Dinant and originally based in Brussels, he moved to Paris in 1842 to establish his musical instrument business. Prior to his work on the saxophone, he had several improvements to the bass clarinet by improving its keywork and acoustics. Sax was also a maker of the ophicleide, a large conical brass instrument in the bass register with keys similar to a woodwind instrument. His experience with two instruments allowed him to develop the skills and technologies needed to make the first saxophones. As an outgrowth of his work improving the bass clarinet, Sax began developing an instrument with the projection of a brass instrument and he wanted it to overblow at the octave, unlike the clarinet, which rises in pitch by a twelfth when overblown. An instrument that overblows at the octave has identical fingering for both registers, Sax created an instrument with a single-reed mouthpiece like a clarinet, conical brass body like an ophicleide, and some acoustic properties of both the horn and the clarinet. Having constructed saxophones in several sizes in the early 1840s, Sax applied for, and received, the patent encompassed 14 versions of the fundamental design, split into two categories of seven instruments each, and ranging from sopranino to contrabass. Although the instruments transposed at either F or C have been considered orchestral, the C soprano saxophone was the only instrument to sound at concert pitch. Saxs patent expired in 1866, thereafter, numerous saxophonists and instrument manufacturers implemented their own improvements to the design, the first substantial modification was by a French manufacturer who extended the bell slightly and added an extra key to extend the range downwards by one semitone to B♭. It is suspected that Sax himself may have attempted this modification and this extension is now commonplace in almost all modern designs, along with other minor changes such as added keys for alternate fingerings. Using alternate fingerings allows a player to play faster and more easily, a player may also use alternate fingerings to bend the pitch. Some of the alternate fingerings are good for trilling, scales, a substantial advancement in saxophone keywork was the development of a method by which the left thumb operates both tone holes with a single octave key, which is now universal on modern saxophones. This enables a chromatic scale to be played two octaves simply by playing the diatonic scale combined with alternately raising and lowering this one digit
19.
Clarinet
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The clarinet is a musical-instrument family belonging to the group known as the woodwind instruments. It has a mouthpiece, a straight cylindrical tube with an almost cylindrical bore. A person who plays a clarinet is called a clarinetist, the word clarinet may have entered the English language via the French clarinette, or from Provençal clarin, oboe. It would seem however that its roots are to be found amongst some of the various names for trumpets used around the renaissance. Clarion, clarin and the Italian clarino are all derived from the medieval term claro which referred to a form of trumpet. This is probably the origin of the Italian clarinetto, itself a diminutive of clarino, according to Johann Gottfried Walther, writing in 1732, the reason for the name is that it sounded from far off not unlike a trumpet. The English form clarinet is found as early as 1733, while the similarity in sound between the earliest clarinets and the trumpet may hold a clue to its name, other factors may have been involved. The trumpet parts that required this speciality were known by the term clarino, Johann Christoph Denner is generally believed to have invented the clarinet in Germany around the year 1700 by adding a register key to the earlier chalumeau. Over time, additional keywork and airtight pads were added to improve the tone and these days the most popular clarinet is the B♭ clarinet. However, the clarinet in A, just a lower, is commonly used in orchestral music. Since the middle of the 19th century the clarinet has become an essential addition to the orchestra. The clarinet family ranges from the BBB♭ octo-contrabass to the A♭ piccolo clarinet, the clarinet has proved to be an exceptionally flexible instrument, equally at home in the classical repertoire as in concert bands, military bands, marching bands, klezmer, and jazz. The cylindrical bore is primarily responsible for the clarinets distinctive timbre, the tone quality can vary greatly with the musician, the music, the instrument, the mouthpiece, and the reed. The most prominent were the German/Viennese traditions and the French school, the latter was centered on the clarinetists of the Conservatoire de Paris. The proliferation of recorded music has made examples of different styles of clarinet playing available, the modern clarinetist has a diverse palette of acceptable tone qualities to choose from. The A clarinet and B♭ clarinet have nearly the same bore, orchestral players using the A and B♭ instruments in the same concert could use the same mouthpiece for both. The A and the B♭ instruments have nearly identical tonal quality, the tone of the E♭ clarinet is brighter than that of the lower clarinets and can be heard even through loud orchestral or concert band textures. The bass clarinet has a deep, mellow sound, while the alto clarinet is similar in tone to the bass
20.
San Francisco
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San Francisco, officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the cultural, commercial, and financial center of Northern California. It is the birthplace of the United Nations, the California Gold Rush of 1849 brought rapid growth, making it the largest city on the West Coast at the time. San Francisco became a consolidated city-county in 1856, after three-quarters of the city was destroyed by the 1906 earthquake and fire, San Francisco was quickly rebuilt, hosting the Panama-Pacific International Exposition nine years later. In World War II, San Francisco was a port of embarkation for service members shipping out to the Pacific Theater. Politically, the city votes strongly along liberal Democratic Party lines, San Francisco is also the headquarters of five major banking institutions and various other companies such as Levi Strauss & Co. Dolby, Airbnb, Weebly, Pacific Gas and Electric Company, Yelp, Pinterest, Twitter, Uber, Lyft, Mozilla, Wikimedia Foundation, as of 2016, San Francisco is ranked high on world liveability rankings. The earliest archaeological evidence of habitation of the territory of the city of San Francisco dates to 3000 BC. Upon independence from Spain in 1821, the became part of Mexico. Under Mexican rule, the system gradually ended, and its lands became privatized. In 1835, Englishman William Richardson erected the first independent homestead, together with Alcalde Francisco de Haro, he laid out a street plan for the expanded settlement, and the town, named Yerba Buena, began to attract American settlers. Commodore John D. Sloat claimed California for the United States on July 7,1846, during the Mexican–American War, montgomery arrived to claim Yerba Buena two days later. Yerba Buena was renamed San Francisco on January 30 of the next year, despite its attractive location as a port and naval base, San Francisco was still a small settlement with inhospitable geography. The California Gold Rush brought a flood of treasure seekers, with their sourdough bread in tow, prospectors accumulated in San Francisco over rival Benicia, raising the population from 1,000 in 1848 to 25,000 by December 1849. The promise of fabulous riches was so strong that crews on arriving vessels deserted and rushed off to the gold fields, leaving behind a forest of masts in San Francisco harbor. Some of these approximately 500 abandoned ships were used at times as storeships, saloons and hotels, many were left to rot, by 1851 the harbor was extended out into the bay by wharves while buildings were erected on piles among the ships. By 1870 Yerba Buena Cove had been filled to create new land, buried ships are occasionally exposed when foundations are dug for new buildings. California was quickly granted statehood in 1850 and the U. S. military built Fort Point at the Golden Gate, silver discoveries, including the Comstock Lode in Nevada in 1859, further drove rapid population growth. With hordes of fortune seekers streaming through the city, lawlessness was common, and the Barbary Coast section of town gained notoriety as a haven for criminals, prostitution, entrepreneurs sought to capitalize on the wealth generated by the Gold Rush
21.
Piccolo
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The piccolo /ˈpɪkəloʊ/ is a half-size flute, and a member of the woodwind family of musical instruments. The modern piccolo has most of the same fingerings as its sibling, the standard transverse flute. This gave rise to the name ottavino, the name by which the instrument is referred to in the scores of Italian composers, piccolos are now manufactured in the key of C or D♭. It was for this D♭ piccolo that John Philip Sousa wrote the solo in the final repeat of the closing section of his march The Stars. In the orchestral setting, the player is often designated as piccolo/flute III. The larger orchestras have designated this position as a position due to the demands of the literature. Piccolos are often orchestrated to double the violins or the flutes, adding sparkle, in concert band settings, the piccolo is almost always used and a piccolo part is almost always available. Historically, the piccolo had no keys, and should not be confused with the fife, the piccolo is used in conjunction with marching drums in traditional formations at the Carnival of Basel, Switzerland. It is a myth that one of the earliest pieces to use the piccolo was Beethovens Symphony No.5 in C Minor, although neither Joseph Haydn nor Mozart used it in their symphonies, some of their contemporaries did, including Hoffmeister, Süssmayr and Michael Haydn. Also, Mozart used the piccolo in his opera Idomeneo, opera orchestras in Paris sometimes included small transverse flutes at the octave as early as 1735 as existing scores by Rameau show. Finely made piccolos are often available with a variety of similar to the flute. Most piccolos have a body with a cylindrical head, which is like the Baroque flute. There are a number of pieces for piccolo alone, by composers as Samuel Adler, Robert Dick, Michael Isaacson, David Loeb, Polly Moller, Vincent Persichetti. Additionally, there is a selection of chamber music that uses the piccolo. One example is the Quintet for Piccolo and String Quartet by Graham Waterhouse, another is Stockhausens Zungenspitzentanz, for piccolo and two euphoniums, with optional percussionist and dancer. Bryn Mawr, Theodore Presser Company,2008, the Symphonic Debutante Piccolo, Was it Really Beethovens Fifth. The Woodwind Fingering Guide, with piccolo fingerings
22.
Trumpet
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A trumpet is a musical instrument commonly used in classical and jazz ensembles. The trumpet group contains the instruments with the highest register in the brass family, trumpets are used in art music styles, for instance in orchestras, concert bands, and jazz ensembles, as well as in popular music. They are played by blowing air through almost-closed lips, producing a sound that starts a standing wave vibration in the air column inside the instrument. Since the late 15th century they have primarily been constructed of brass tubing, there are many distinct types of trumpet, with the most common being pitched in B♭, having a tubing length of about 1.48 m. Early trumpets did not provide means to change the length of tubing, most trumpets have valves of the piston type, while some have the rotary type. The use of rotary-valved trumpets is more common in orchestral settings, each valve, when engaged, increases the length of tubing, lowering the pitch of the instrument. A musician who plays the trumpet is called a trumpet player or trumpeter, the earliest trumpets date back to 1500 BC and earlier. The bronze and silver trumpets from Tutankhamuns grave in Egypt, bronze lurs from Scandinavia, trumpets from the Oxus civilization of Central Asia have decorated swellings in the middle, yet are made out of one sheet of metal, which is considered a technical wonder. The Shofar, made from a ram horn and the Hatzotzeroth and they were played in Solomons Temple around 3000 years ago. They were said to be used to blow down the walls of Jericho and they are still used on certain religious days. The Salpinx was a straight trumpet 62 inches long, made of bone or bronze, Salpinx contests were a part of the original Olympic Games. The Moche people of ancient Peru depicted trumpets in their art going back to AD300, the earliest trumpets were signaling instruments used for military or religious purposes, rather than music in the modern sense, and the modern bugle continues this signaling tradition. Improvements to instrument design and metal making in the late Middle Ages, the natural trumpets of this era consisted of a single coiled tube without valves and therefore could only produce the notes of a single overtone series. Changing keys required the player to change crooks of the instrument, the development of the upper, clarino register by specialist trumpeters—notably Cesare Bendinelli—would lend itself well to the Baroque era, also known as the Golden Age of the natural trumpet. During this period, a vast body of music was written for virtuoso trumpeters, the art was revived in the mid-20th century and natural trumpet playing is again a thriving art around the world. The melody-dominated homophony of the classical and romantic periods relegated the trumpet to a role by most major composers owing to the limitations of the natural trumpet. Berlioz wrote in 1844, Notwithstanding the real loftiness and distinguished nature of its quality of tone, there are few instruments that have been more degraded. The attempt to give the trumpet more chromatic freedom in its range saw the development of the keyed trumpet, the symphonies of Mozart, Beethoven, and as late as Brahms, were still played on natural trumpets
23.
Percussion instrument
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A percussion instrument is a musical instrument that is sounded by being struck or scraped by a beater, struck, scraped or rubbed by hand, or struck against another similar instrument. The percussion family is believed to include the oldest musical instruments, the percussion section of an orchestra most commonly contains instruments such as timpani, snare drum, bass drum, cymbals, triangle and tambourine. However, the section can also contain non-percussive instruments, such as whistles and sirens, percussive techniques can also be applied to the human body, as in body percussion. On the other hand, keyboard instruments, such as the celesta, are not normally part of the percussion section, Percussion instruments may play not only rhythm, but also melody and harmony. Percussion is commonly referred to as the backbone or the heartbeat of an ensemble, often working in close collaboration with bass instruments. In jazz and other popular ensembles, the pianist, bassist, drummer. Most classical pieces written for full orchestra since the time of Haydn and Mozart are orchestrated to place emphasis on the strings, woodwinds, however, often at least one pair of timpani is included, though they rarely play continuously. Rather, they serve to provide additional accents when needed, in the 18th and 19th centuries, other percussion instruments have been used, again generally sparingly. The use of percussion instruments became more frequent in the 20th century classical music, in almost every style of music, percussion plays a pivotal role. In classic jazz, one almost immediately thinks of the rhythm of the hi-hats or the ride cymbal when the word swing is spoken. Because of the diversity of instruments, it is not uncommon to find large musical ensembles composed entirely of percussion. Rhythm, melody, and harmony are all represented in these ensembles, music for pitched percussion instruments can be notated on a staff with the same treble and bass clefs used by many non-percussive instruments. Music for percussive instruments without a pitch can be notated with a specialist rhythm or percussion-clef. The word percussion has evolved from Latin terms, percussio, as a noun in contemporary English it is described in Wiktionary as the collision of two bodies to produce a sound. Hornbostel–Sachs has no high-level section for percussion, Most percussion instruments are classified as idiophones and membranophones.1 Concussion idiophones or clappers, played in pairs and beaten against each other, such as zills and clapsticks. 111.2 Percussion idiophones, includes many percussion instruments played with the hand or by a mallet, such as the hang, gongs and the xylophone. 21 Struck drums, includes most types of drum, such as the timpani, snare drum, (Included in most drum sets or 412. Stringed instruments played with such as the hammered dulcimer
24.
Attack & Release
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Attack & Release is the fifth studio album by American rock duo The Black Keys. It was produced by Danger Mouse and was released on April 1,2008, leading up to the recording sessions, drummer Patrick Carney wanted to change up the sound of his drums and envisioned two approaches to doing so. He said, I had one of the Bonham reissue kits, and then I knew I wanted a kind of 70s dead sound too, so I did the whole towels on the drums thing. Attack & Release debuted at number 14 on the Billboard 200, the album was ranked 83 on Rolling Stones list of the greatest albums of the 2000s. The song I Got Mine was number 23 on Rolling Stones list of the 100 Best Songs of 2008, in 2012, the album was certified gold in Canada. All tracks written by Dan Auerbach and Patrick Carney, except Things Aint Like They Used to Be by Dan Auerbach, notes Things Aint Like They Used to Be features a duet between Dan Auerbach and then 17-year-old bluegrass/country singer Jessica Lea Mayfield. The Black Keys Dan Auerbach – vocals, guitars, etc. Patrick Carney – drums, percussion, etc
25.
BoJack Horseman
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BoJack Horseman is an American adult animated comedy-drama series created by Raphael Bob-Waksberg. The series stars Will Arnett as the character, BoJack Horseman. The supporting cast includes Amy Sedaris, Alison Brie, Paul F. Tompkins, the series first season premiered on August 22,2014, on Netflix, with a Christmas special premiering on December 19. The show is designed by the cartoonist Lisa Hanawalt, who had worked with Bob-Waksberg on the webcomic Tip Me Over. Despite giving mixed reviews upon its debut, critics were more positive towards the second half of the first season. The series was renewed for a season, scheduled to premiere in summer 2017. The series takes place mostly in the Los Angeles area, specifically, the series satirizes Hollywood, celebrity culture, and the film industry. Will Arnett as BoJack Horseman, a self-loathing 52-year-old alcoholic horse whose acting career peaked when he starred in a successful 90s family sitcom called Horsin Around. Though he began as a young bright-eyed actor, he has grown bitter, deeply depressed, and jaded towards Hollywood. BoJack has been shown to be caring and insightful, but his insecurities, loneliness, Arnett also voices Butterscotch Horseman, BoJacks physically and verbally abusive father. Amy Sedaris as Princess Carolyn, a pink Persian cat who is BoJacks agent in the first three seasons and former on-and-off girlfriend, earnest and unflagging, Princess Carolyn was a top agent at Vigor agency through her dogged pursuit of new talent and large network of odd personal connections. Though she struggles to find a balance between work, her personal life, and taking care of BoJack and her friends. She left Vigor to start a new agency with her then-boyfriend, after recognizing his lack of trustworthiness and confronting her fear of being alone, she ultimately decides to leave him and run the new company named VIM by herself. After several setbacks, Princess Carolyn closes VIM in Season 3, while writing BoJacks memoir, he and Diane initially develop a strong friendship that becomes increasingly awkward and strained after BoJack develops romantic feelings for her. Diane travels to the war-torn Republic of Cordovia to make a difference, ashamed of returning to her husband, she develops a severe bout of depression, during which she drinks heavily and sleeps disheveled on BoJacks patio furniture. She is able to reconcile her feelings with Mr. Peanutbutter and she is subsequently fired from VIM, and is hired to write for a feminist blog. Paul F. Tompkins as Mr. Peanutbutter, an energetic and cheerful yellow Labrador Retriever who is BoJacks former sitcom rival, Mr. Peanutbutter was the star of Mr. Peanutbutters House, which, according to BoJack, borrowed the premise from Horsin Around. He had a stint at filming a celebrity reality show called Peanutbutter, despite their rivalry, Mr. Peanutbutter cares a great deal about BoJacks opinion and admires him for his work on Horsin Around
26.
They Might Be Giants
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They Might Be Giants is an American alternative rock band formed in 1982 by John Flansburgh and John Linnell. During TMBGs early years, Flansburgh and Linnell frequently performed as a duo, in the early 1990s, TMBG expanded to include a backing band. The duos current backing band consists of Marty Beller, Dan Miller, the group is best known for an unconventional and experimental style of alternative music. Over their career, they have success on the modern rock. More recently they have found success in childrens music. TMBG have released 19 studio albums, Flood has been certified platinum and their childrens music albums Here Come the ABCs, Here Come the 123s, and Here Comes Science have all been certified gold. The band has won two Grammy Awards, one in 2002 for their song Boss of Me, which is most famous as the song of the television series Malcolm in the Middle. They won their second in 2009 for Here Come the 123s, the band has sold over 4 million records. Linnell and Flansburgh first met as teenagers growing up in Lincoln and they began writing songs together while attending Lincoln-Sudbury Regional High School but did not form a band at that time. The two attended separate colleges after high school and Linnell joined The Mundanes, a new group from Rhode Island. The two reunited in 1981 after moving to Brooklyn to continue their career, according to Dave Wilson, in his book Rock Formations, the name They Might Be Giants had been used and subsequently discarded by a friend of the band who had a ventriloquism act. The name was adopted by the band, who had been searching for a suitable name. A common misconception is that the name of the band is a reference to themselves, in an interview, John Flansburgh said that the words they might be giants are just a very outward-looking forward thing which they liked. He clarified this in the documentary movie Gigantic by explaining that the name refers to the world of possibilities that they saw as a fledgling band. In an earlier interview, John Linnell described the phrase as something very paranoid sounding. Their atypical instrumentation, along with their songs which featured unusual subject matter and clever wordplay and their performances also featured absurdly comical stage props such as oversized fezzes and large cardboard cutout heads of newspaper editor William Allen White. Many of these props would later turn up in their first music videos, from 1984–87, They Might Be Giants were the house-band at Darinka, a Lower East Side performance club. One weekend a month they played on the there and by the end of their three-year stint sold out every performance
27.
Black Francis
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Charles Michael Kittridge Thompson IV is an American singer, songwriter and guitarist. He is best known as the frontman of the alternative rock band Pixies. Following the bands breakup in 1993, he embarked on a career under the name Frank Black. After releasing two albums with record label 4AD and one with American Recordings, he left the label and formed a new band, Frank Black and he re-adopted the name Black Francis in 2007. His vocal style has varied from a screaming, yowling delivery as lead vocalist of the Pixies to a more measured and his cryptic lyrics mostly explore unconventional subjects, such as surrealism, incest and biblical violence, along with science fiction and surf culture. His use of atypical meter signatures, loud–quiet dynamics and distinct preference for recording in his career as a solo artist give him a distinct style within alternative rock. As frontman of the Pixies, his songs received praise and citations from contemporaries, including Radioheads Thom Yorke, Thompson reformed the Pixies in 2004 and continues to release solo records and tour as a solo artist. Charles Thompson was born in Boston, Massachusetts and his father was a bar owner, and Thompson lived in Los Angeles, California as a baby because his father wanted to learn more about the restaurant and bar business. Thompson was introduced to music at an age, as his parents listened to 1960s folk rock. His first guitar was his mothers, a Yamaha classical guitar bought with money from his fathers bar tips and he discovered the music of Christian rock singer-songwriter Larry Norman at 13 when Norman played at a religious summer camp that Thompson attended. Normans music influenced Thompson to the extent that he named the Pixies first EP, Thompson later described the music he listened to during his youth, Thompson lived in Marblehead, Massachusetts, in an apartment. Just before Thompsons senior year, his family moved to Westport, Massachusetts, during this time, Thompson composed several songs that appeared in his later career, including Here Comes Your Man from Doolittle, and Velvety Instrumental Version. After graduating from school in 1983, he studied at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. Thompson shared a room with another roommate for a semester before moving in with future Pixies guitarist Joey Santiago, the two shared an interest in rock music, and Santiago introduced Thompson to 1970s punk and the music of David Bowie, they began to jam together. It was at time that Thompson discovered The Cars, a band he described as very influential on me. In his second year of college, Thompson embarked on a trip to San Juan, Thompson failed to learn to speak Spanish formally, and left his studies after debating whether he would go to New Zealand to view Halleys Comet, or start a rock band. He wrote a letter urging Santiago, with the words we gotta do it, now is the time Joe, soon after returning to Massachusetts, Thompson dropped out of college, and moved to Boston with Santiago. He spent 1985 working in a warehouse, managing buttons on teddy bears, composing songs on his acoustic guitar, in January 1986, Thompson formed the Pixies with Santiago
28.
The Golem: How He Came into the World
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The Golem, How He Came into the World is a 1920 silent horror film co-directed by and starring Paul Wegener. The picture was directed by Carl Boese and Wegener, written by Wegener and Henrik Galeen, the script was adapted from the 1915 novel The Golem by Gustav Meyrink. It is a prequel to The Golem and is the best known of the series, set in Jewish ghetto of medieval Prague, the film begins with Rabbi Loew, the head of the citys Jewish community, reading the stars. Loew predicts disaster for his people and brings his assistant to inform the elders of the community, the next day the Holy Roman Emperor signs a royal decree declaring that the Jews must leave the city before the new moon. The Emperor sends the knight Florian to deliver the decree, Loew meanwhile begins to devise a way of defending the Jews. Upon arriving at the ghetto, the arrogant Florian falls in love with Miriam, Loews daughter, Loew talks Florian into reminding the Emperor that it is he who predicts disasters and tells the horoscopes of the Emperor, and requests an audience with him. Having courted with Miriam, Florian leaves, Loew begins to create a huge monster out of clay by praying with God first, the Golem, which he will bring to life to defend his people. Florian returns later with a request from the Emperor for Loew to attend the Rose Festival at the palace and he shares a romantic moment with Miriam while Loew reveals to his assistant that he has secretly created the Golem, and requires his assistance to animate it. In an elaborate procedure, Loew and the assistant summon the spirit Astaroth and compel him, as per the ancient texts. This word is written on paper by Loew which is enclosed in an amulet. Loews assistant then tames the Golem, and the Rabbi uses it as a household servant, when Loew is summoned to the palace for the festival, he brings the Golem with him to impress the audience. Florian meanwhile slips away from the court to meet Miriam, whose house is being guarded by Loews assistant under Loews instruction, back at the palace the court is both terrified and intrigued by the arrival of the Golem. Impressed, the Emperor asks to see more supernatural feats by Loew, Loew projects a magical screen showing the history of the Jews, instructing his audience not to make a noise. Upon the arrival of Ahasuerus, the Wandering Jew, the court begins to laugh, as the building collapses around them, the Golem intervenes and props up the falling ceiling, saving the court. As a sign of gratitude the Emperor pardons the Jews and allows them to stay in the city, Loew and the Golem return to the ghetto, spreading the news that the Jews are saved. Loew returns to his house and begins to notice erratic behaviour in the Golem and he reads that upcoming astrological movements will cause Astaroth to possess the Golem and attack its creators. Loew removes the amulet and is called down by his assistant to join in the celebrations in the street, as the community rejoices, the assistant goes to inform Miriam and bring her to the synagogue but finds her in bed with Florian. Devastated, he reanimates the Golem and orders it to remove Florian from the building, but the Golem, now under Astaroths influence, literally does so by throwing Florian from the roof of the house, killing him
29.
Yo La Tengo
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Yo La Tengo is an American indie rock band formed in Hoboken, New Jersey in 1984. Since 1992, the lineup has consisted of Ira Kaplan, Georgia Hubley, in 2015, original guitarist Dave Schramm rejoined the band and appears on their fourteenth album, Stuff Like That There. Despite achieving limited success, Yo La Tengo has been called the quintessential critics band. Though they mostly play original material, Yo La Tengo is renowned for its repertoire of cover songs both in live performance and on record. Ira Kaplan and Georgia Hubley formed the band as a duo in 1984. They chose the name Yo La Tengo in an effort to avoid any connotations in English, the name came from a baseball anecdote. During the 1962 season, New York Mets center fielder Richie Ashburn, when Ashburn went for a catch, he would scream, I got it. Only to run into Chacón, who spoke only Spanish, Ashburn learned to yell, ¡Yo la tengo. In a later game, Ashburn happily saw Chacón backing off, as a way to avoid outfield collisions. After getting up, Thomas asked Ashburn, What the hell is a Yellow Tango and they placed an advertisement to recruit other musicians who shared their love for bands such as The Soft Boys, Mission of Burma, and Arthur Lees Love. In 1986, Yo La Tengo released their first LP, Ride the Tiger on Coyote Records. Produced by former Mission of Burma bassist Clint Conley who also took over duties on three songs, the album marked Yo La Tengo as a band with real potential according to reviewer Mark Deming. Schramm and Lewis left the band after the release, with Kaplan subsequently taking on the role of lead guitar. The groups next album New Wave Hot Dogs sold poorly, produced by Gene Holder of The dBs, the album was the bands last release on Coyote. Despite the positive reception of the album, sales were still poor, Hubley and Kaplan carried on as a duo and began playing two-electric-guitar shows. Kaplan, though typically a pragmatist, started carrying a bug trapped in amber in his pocket for luck, again produced by Gene Holder, the albums folk sound was a change of pace for the band. Years later, Kaplan recalled that the album was just me and Georgia looking for an excuse to record with Dave Schramm and Al Greller who played guitar and double bass on the album, respectively. In 1991, with Dave Schramm in tow, Yo La Tengo collaborated with Daniel Johnston on the song Speeding Motorcycle which was released as a single
30.
T Bone Burnett
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Joseph Henry T Bone Burnett III is an American musician, songwriter, and soundtrack and record producer. He was a touring guitarist in Bob Dylans band on the Rolling Thunder Revue, after the tour ended, Burnett and two other members of the backing band formed The Alpha Band, followed by his first solo album in 1980. d. Lang on the A Wonderful World album, Burnett won Grammy Awards for the O Brother, Where Art Thou. Soundtrack and for his work with Alison Krauss and Robert Plant and he was nominated for an Academy Award for his songwriting contribution to the film Cold Mountain, and won an Academy Award for Best Original Song for The Weary Kind from Crazy Heart. He founded the record label DMZ, an imprint of Columbia and he oversaw the music for the films Walk the Line, The Big Lebowski, and Inside Llewyn Davis, and the True Detective TV series. Burnett, the son of Joseph Henry Burnett Jr. and Hazel Perkins Burnett, was born in St. Louis, Missouri, in 1948 and he attended R. L. Paschal High School, and is featured in the schools Hall of Honor. He played rhythm guitar in a called the Shadows. His first significant contribution to the field was as the manic drummer for the Legendary Stardust Cowboys novelty hit. Also in 1968, he produced 6 songs for a group of friends, called at the time, The Case Hardy Boys. Later this band would move to Los Angeles and become known first as The Fare, and later as El Roacho, in 1972, he moved to Los Angeles and recorded his second album, The B-52 Band and the Fabulous Skylarks. In 1975 and 1976, he toured with Bob Dylans Rolling Thunder Revue, when the Revue ended, Burnett and two other members of Dylans band, David Mansfield and Steven Soles, formed The Alpha Band, which released three albums. The Alpha Band and Spark in the Dark were both released in 1977, while The Statue Makers of Hollywood was released in 1978, Burnett and singer-songwriter Sam Phillips were married in 1989 and divorced in 2004. He produced many of her albums, including Martinis and Bikinis and he is currently married to writer-producer Callie Khouri. Burnett has three daughters, including one from his marriage to Phillips, in 1980, Burnett released his first post–Alpha Band solo album, Truth Decay, produced by Reggie Fisher, on the Takoma Records label. Truth Decay was a rock album described by the Rolling Stone Record Guide as mystic Christian blues. In 1982, his Trap Door EP, released on the Warner Brothers label, Burnett toured after the release of Trap Door, opening several dates for The Who, leading a band that featured Mick Ronson on guitar. His 1992 album The Criminal Under My Own Hat tended toward adult alternative music. All were critically acclaimed but not big sellers, proof Through the Night was reissued by Rhino Records Handmade Music in a limited edition of 5,000 on May 29,2007, in an expanded version
31.
Ghost Brothers of Darkland County
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Ghost Brothers of Darkland County is a musical with music and lyrics by John Mellencamp, a libretto by author Stephen King and production by T-Bone Burnett. It debuted at the Alliance Theatre in Atlanta, Georgia, in 2012, a touring production began in late 2013 through the United States South and Midwest. A soundtrack album has been released featuring numerous country, folk, the project was first reported by Billboard in 2000. At that time, the title was Mississippi Ghost Brothers, according to King, Mellencamp conceived the plot. In August 2001, the AP reported that the musical would be finished by February 2002, Mellencamp said in 2002 of his idea, I plan to have every person sing from their generation. This is what Im thinking right now, but it may not work out this way, when the 18-year-old sings, hell be rapping at you. When the people in their 70s are singing, theyll be singing in the style of Broadway or the style of Frank Sinatra or country, I intend to cover any type of music that Americans have invented. He did not wind up following this format, as all the songs in the production are performed in a folk. In 2005, Mellencamp said in an interview, Hes got a hundred pages of dialogue and we have to figure how to cut it all down. Were having our first run-through in New York with actors and actresses to see what the hell it looks like, Mellencamp provided this update of the musicals progress to the Chicago Tribune in November 2010, T-Bone and I and Stephen King are working on a musical. All the music has been recorded and we had Kris Kristofferson, Neko Case, Elvis Costello, Taj Mahal, all singing different characters roles. I wrote all the songs,17 songs, forget about the play, just the songs, the way these people sing them. Im sitting there listening to it and thinking, Did Rosanne Cash just kill that song or what, the play is called Ghost Brothers of Darkling County, about two brothers who hate each other. If you could imagine Tennessee Williams meets Stephen King, theyre recording the dialogue now and were putting out a record of the entire show before it comes out. Right now, Elvis Costello, Meg Ryan, Kris Kristofferson, so youll get all the dialogue, all the sound effects, and all the songs sung by different people so you can follow the story. The CD will come out ahead of time, so many people are involved, its taken a long time. But we dont have to worry about money or record companies—its our own money were putting into it, so we said, King and Mellencamp sought a regional theater to stage the show, and decided an Atlanta location offered unique advantages. We wanted a place that was cosmopolitan but not out of touch with country roots, Atlanta seemed like the middle of the bulls-eye, King said
32.
Robert Creeley
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Robert Creeley was an American poet and author of more than sixty books. He is usually associated with the Black Mountain poets, though his verse aesthetic diverged from that schools and he was close with Charles Olson, Robert Duncan, Allen Ginsberg, John Wieners and Ed Dorn. He served as the Samuel P. Capen Professor of Poetry, in 1991, he joined colleagues Susan Howe, Charles Bernstein, Raymond Federman, Robert Bertholf, and Dennis Tedlock in founding the Poetics Program at Buffalo. Creeley lived in Waldoboro, Maine, Buffalo, New York, and Providence, Rhode Island and he was a recipient of the Lannan Foundation Lifetime Achievement Award. Creeley was born in Arlington, Massachusetts and grew up in Acton and he and his sister, Helen, were raised by their mother. At the age of two, he lost his left eye and he attended the Holderness School in New Hampshire. In 1943, he entered Harvard University, but left to serve in the American Field Service in Burma and he returned to Harvard in 1946, but eventually earned his BA from Black Mountain College in 1955, teaching some courses there as well. When Black Mountain closed in 1957, Creeley moved to San Francisco and he later met and befriended Jackson Pollock in the Cedar Tavern in New York City. He was a chicken farmer briefly in Littleton, New Hampshire before becoming a teacher in 1949. The story goes that he wrote to Cid Corman, whose show he heard on the farm, and Corman had him read on the show. From 1951 to 1955, Creeley and his wife, Ann and they went there at the encouragement of their friends, British writer Martin Seymour-Smith and his wife, Janet. There they started Divers Press and published works by Paul Blackburn, Robert Duncan, Charles Olson, Creeley wrote about half of his published prose while living on the island, including a short-story collection, The Gold Diggers, and a novel, The Island. He said that Martin and Janet Seymour-Smith are represented by Artie, during 1954 and 1955, Creeley traveled back and forth between Mallorca and his teaching position at Black Mountain College. He also saw to the printing of issues of Origin and Black Mountain Review on Mallorca. In 1960, Creeley earned an MA from the University of New Mexico and he began his academic career by teaching at the prestigious Albuquerque Academy starting in 1958 until about 1960 or 1961. In 1957, he met Bobbie Louise Hawkins, they lived together, common law marriage, until 1975 and he dedicated his book For Love to Bobbie. Creeley read at the 1963 Vancouver Poetry Festival and at the 1965 Berkeley Poetry Conference, afterward, he wandered about a bit before settling into the English faculty of “Black Mountain II” at the University at Buffalo in 1967. He would stay at this post until 2003, when he received a post at Brown University, from 1990 to 2003, he lived with his family in Black Rock, in a converted firehouse at the corner of Amherst and East Streets
33.
Ira Cohen
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Ira Cohen was an American poet, publisher, photographer and filmmaker. Cohen lived in Morocco and in New York City in the 1960s, he was in Kathmandu in the 1970s and traveled the world in the 1980s, before returning to New York, Cohen died of renal failure on April 25,2011. Ira Cohens literary archive now resides at the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Cohen was born in 1935 in the Bronx, New York City, to deaf parents. Cohen graduated from the Horace Mann School at 16 and attended Cornell and he dropped out of Cornell, then enrolled at the School of General Studies of Columbia University. Cohen married Arlene Bond, a Barnard student, in 1957 and they had two children, David Schleifer and Rafiqa el Shenawi. In 1961, Cohen took a Yugoslavian freighter to Tangier, Morocco where he lived for four years, before settling in Tangier, he crossed over to Spains Costa del Sol and stayed for a spell with friends in Torremolinos. In Tangier Cohen edited and published GNAOUA, a magazine devoted to exorcism and Beat-era writings, introducing the work of Brion Gysin, William S. Burroughs, Harold Norse. GNAOUA also featured Jack Smith, and Irving Rosenthal, Cohen also produced Jilala, field recordings of trance music by a sect of Moroccan dervishes made by Paul Bowles and Brion Gysin. The original 1965 LP record was reissued in 1998 by Baraka Foundation/Mystic Fire as a CD, Cohen returned to New York in the mid-1960s. There he published The Hashish Cookbook, which had written in Tangier at Brion Gysins suggestion by Cohens then-girlfriend Rosalind. In his loft on the Lower East Side, Cohen created the mylar images, among the reflected artists in his mirror were John McLaughlin, William S. Burroughs and Jimi Hendrix - who said that looking at these photos was like looking through butterfly wings. Probably Cohens most widely disseminated mylar photographs were the photos of the Spirit album The Twelve Dreams of Dr. Sardonicus. In this photographic process Cohen explored the whole spectrum from infrared to black light, here he developed bookmaking art, working with native craftsmen. In 1972 he spent a year in San Francisco reading and performing, in early 1964, Cohen visited Amsterdam. He befriended writer Simon Vinkenoog, who would translate many of Cohens writings into Dutch. Ira was also in Amsterdam, in 1974, having visited Paris & the film maker Alenjandro Jodowosky with an intention to involve his partner, Petra Vogt in Jedowoskys, however his most continuous Amsterdam period began in the spring of 1978. It was then that he met Caroline Gosselin, a French girl who was making and selling life masks at the Melkweg multimedia center and she and Cohen expanded this into Bandaged Poets - a series of papier-mâché masks of dozens of well-known poets that he subsequently photographed. He also reconnected with Eddie Woods, whom he had first met in Kathmandu in 1976, Woods, who co-founded Ins & Outs Press with Jane Harvey, was preparing to launch Ins & Outs magazine
34.
Kathy Acker
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Kathy Acker was an American experimental novelist, punk poet, playwright, essayist, postmodernist and sex-positive feminist writer. She was strongly influenced by the Black Mountain School, William S. Burroughs, David Antin, French critical theory, the daughter of Donald and Claire Lehman, Kathy Acker was born in New York City on April 18. There is some question as to her year of birth, however, the Library of Congress lists her year as 1948, a few sources have listed 1947. As a girl, Acker was expected to act with ladylike propriety in this oppressive, well-to-do environment, yet she was fascinated by pirates and she wanted to grow up to be a pirate, but she thought that only men could be pirates. Thus Acker experienced early the limitations of gender, however, she found that reading about pirates was a way of running away from home, and she turned to books as her reality. She associated reading and writing with bodily pleasure and remained a voracious reader throughout her life, Acker took her last name from her first husband, Robert Acker, though named Karen, she was known as Kathy by her friends and family. She studied classics as an undergraduate at Brandeis University with other students such as Angela Davis. Ackers first work appeared in print as part of the burgeoning New York City literary underground of the mid-1970s and she claimed that her early writings were profoundly influenced by her experiences working for a few months as a stripper. She remained on the margins of the establishment, only being published by small presses until the mid-1980s. In 1983 a text by Kathy Acker was published in an art catalogue of a gallery in Vienna. The book was dedicated to the photographs of Marcus Leatherdale and also contained another text by Christian Michelides,1984 saw her first British publication, a novel called Blood and Guts in High School. From here on Acker produced a body of novels, almost all still in print with Grove Press. She wrote pieces for a number of magazines and anthologies, and also had notable pieces printed in issues of RE/Search, Angel Exhaust, monochrom and Rapid Eye. Ackers formative influences were American poets and writers, William S. Burroughs, in her work, she combined appropriation, cut-up techniques, pornography, autobiography, persona and personal essay to confound expectations of what fiction should be. In In Memoriam to Identity, Acker draws attention to popular analyses of Rimbauds life and The Sound, in April 1996 Acker was diagnosed with breast cancer and had a double mastectomy. In January 1997 she wrote about her loss of faith in medicine in a Guardian article. She died in Room 101, to which her friend Alan Moore quipped, as an adult, however, she moved around quite a bit. She received her bachelors degree from the University of California, San Diego in 1968, there she worked with David Antin and she did two years worth of graduate work at City University of New York in Classics, specializing in Greek, but left before earning a degree
35.
Cartoon Network
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Cartoon Network is an American basic cable and satellite television channel that is owned by Time Warner through the Turner Broadcasting System subsidiary. It was founded by Betty Cohen and launched on October 1,1992, the channel primarily broadcasts childrens shows, mostly animated programming, ranging from action to animated comedy. It operates daily from 6,00 AM to 11,00 PM, a Spanish language audio track for select programs is accessible via second audio programing, some cable and satellite companies offer the Spanish feed as a separate channel. It is also the channel of Turner-owned Boomerang. As of January 2016, Cartoon Network is available to approximately 94.0 million pay television households in the United States, however, Turner kept much of MGMs film and television library made prior to May 1986 and formed Turner Entertainment. On October 3,1988, its cable channel Turner Network Television was launched and had gained an audience with its film library. In 1991, Turner Entertainment purchased animation studio Hanna-Barbera Productions for US $320 million, on February 18,1992, Turner Broadcasting System announced its plans to launch the Cartoon Network as an outlet for Turners considerable library of animation. Initial programming on the channel consisted exclusively of reruns of classic Warner Bros. cartoons, the 1933–1957 Popeye cartoons, MGM cartoons, at first, cable providers in New York City, Philadelphia, Washington D. C. and Detroit carried the channel. By the time the network launched, Cartoon Network had an 8, from its launch until 1995, the networks announcers said the networks name with the word The added before Cartoon Network, thus calling the network The Cartoon Network. By the time that the network debuted, Cartoon Network also operated a block that aired on TNT. Cartoon Network was not the first cable channel to have relied on cartoons to attract an audience, however, Turner Broadcasting System had defied conventional wisdom before by launching CNN, a channel providing 24-hour news coverage. Initially, the channel would broadcast cartoons 24 hours a day, late Night Black and White showed early black-and-white cartoons, and ToonHeads would show three shorts with a similar theme and provide trivia about the cartoons. There was also an afternoon block called High Noon Toons. The majority of the animation that was shown on Cartoon Network no longer air on a regular basis, with the exception of Tom and Jerry. A challenge for Cartoon Network was to overcome its low penetration of existing cable systems, when launched on October 1,1992, the channel was only carried by 233 cable systems. However, it benefited from package deals, New subscribers to sister channels TNT and TBS could also get access to Cartoon Network through such deals. The high ratings of Cartoon Network over the couple of years led to more cable systems including it. By the end of 1994, Cartoon Network had become the fifth most popular channel in the United States
36.
David Greenberger
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David Greenberger is an American artist, writer and radio commentator best known for his Duplex Planet series of zines, comic books, CDs, and spoken word performances and radio plays. From 1996–2009, he was a frequent contributor of essays and music reviews for National Public Radio, Greenberger grew up in northwestern Pennsylvania on the shores of Lake Erie. In 1979, having just completed a degree in arts as a painter, Greenberger took a job as activities director at a nursing home in Boston. On his first day, he met the residents of the nursing home, Greenberger began publishing his conversations with old people in The Duplex Planet, a small, homemade magazine he started in 1979, and still publishes today. It has subsequently found larger audiences in other forms, which are all derived from the original template, a series of personal commentaries drawn from Greenbergers experiences with this body of work has aired regularly on National Public Radios All Things Considered. Greenberger was the subject of a segment in 2007s Life Part 2, Language of Aging, part of a PBS series on aging
37.
The Duplex Planet
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The Duplex Planet is a zine edited and published by David Greenberger since 1979. It contains transcriptions of his interviews with residents of senior centers. For many years, the focused on the residents of the Duplex Nursing Home. A series of personal commentaries drawn from Greenbergers experiences with this body of work has aired regularly on National Public Radios All Things Considered, some of the Duplex Nursing Home residents, all identified by name, became recurring characters in the zine and its various offshoots and adaptations. In 1979, having just completed a degree in arts as a painter, Greenberger took a job as activities director at the Duplex Nursing Home. On his first day, he met the residents of the nursing home, many of the elderly people interviewed in Duplex Planet appeared regularly in the pages of the zine, and collaborated directly with Greenberger. Cartoonist Dan Clowes illustrated material from Duplex Planet in some issues of his comic book Eightball. Duplex Planet Illustrated ran for 15 issues, from 1993–1995, selections from the comic were published in a trade paperback, No More Shaves, A Duplex Planet Collection, in 2003. An Exact Spectacular, an exhibit of drawings and sculptures by some of the subjects, beginning in 1994, has traveled to museums. From 1996–2009, a series of personal commentaries drawn from Greenbergers experiences aired regularly on National Public Radios All Things Considered. The Duplex Planet Radio Hour, with music composed by NRBQs Terry Adams, was presented in 1994 at St. Anns Warehouse and recorded for New York Public Radio
38.
Documentary film
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A documentary film is a nonfictional motion picture intended to document some aspect of reality, primarily for the purposes of instruction, education, or maintaining a historical record. Documentary has been described as a practice, a cinematic tradition. Polish writer and filmmaker Bolesław Matuszewski was among those who identified the mode of documentary film and he wrote two of the earliest texts on cinema Une nouvelle source de lhistoire and La photographie animée. Both were published in 1898 in French and among the written works to consider the historical. Matuszewski is also among the first filmmakers to propose the creation of a Film Archive to collect, the American film critic Pare Lorentz defines a documentary film as a factual film which is dramatic. Others further state that a documentary stands out from the types of non-fiction films for providing an opinion. Documentary practice is the process of creating documentary projects. Documentary filmmaking can be used as a form of journalism, advocacy, early film was dominated by the novelty of showing an event. They were single-shot moments captured on film, a train entering a station and these short films were called actuality films, the term documentary was not coined until 1926. Many of the first films, such as made by Auguste and Louis Lumière, were a minute or less in length. Films showing many people were made for commercial reasons, the people being filmed were eager to see, for payment. One notable film clocked in at over an hour and a half, using pioneering film-looping technology, Enoch J. Rector presented the entirety of a famous 1897 prize-fight on cinema screens across the United States, in May 1896, Bolesław Matuszewski recorded on film few surigical operations in Warsaw and Saint Petersburg hospitals. In 1898, French surgeon Eugène-Louis Doyen invited Bolesław Matuszewski and Clément Maurice and they started in Paris a series of surgical films sometime before July 1898. Until 1906, the year of his last film, Doyen recorded more than 60 operations, Doyen said that his first films taught him how to correct professional errors he had been unaware of. These and five other of Doyens films survive, all these short films have been preserved. I must say I forgot those works and I am thankful to you that you reminded them to me, unfortunately, not many scientists have followed your way. Travelogue films were popular in the early part of the 20th century
