1.
New York City
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The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over an area of about 302.6 square miles. Located at the tip of the state of New York. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has described as the cultural and financial capital of the world. Situated on one of the worlds largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, the five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. In 2013, the MSA produced a gross metropolitan product of nearly US$1.39 trillion, in 2012, the CSA generated a GMP of over US$1.55 trillion. NYCs MSA and CSA GDP are higher than all but 11 and 12 countries, New York City traces its origin to its 1624 founding in Lower Manhattan as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the countrys largest city since 1790, the Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a symbol of the United States and its democracy. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. Several sources have ranked New York the most photographed city in the world, the names of many of the citys bridges, tapered skyscrapers, and parks are known around the world. Manhattans real estate market is among the most expensive in the world, Manhattans Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere, with multiple signature Chinatowns developing across the city. Providing continuous 24/7 service, the New York City Subway is one of the most extensive metro systems worldwide, with 472 stations in operation. Over 120 colleges and universities are located in New York City, including Columbia University, New York University, and Rockefeller University, during the Wisconsinan glaciation, the New York City region was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet over 1,000 feet in depth. The ice sheet scraped away large amounts of soil, leaving the bedrock that serves as the foundation for much of New York City today. Later on, movement of the ice sheet would contribute to the separation of what are now Long Island and Staten Island. The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown and he claimed the area for France and named it Nouvelle Angoulême. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he returned to Spain in August and he proceeded to sail up what the Dutch would name the North River, named first by Hudson as the Mauritius after Maurice, Prince of Orange
2.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
3.
Palm Springs, California
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Palm Springs is a desert resort city in Riverside County, California, United States, within the Coachella Valley. It is located approximately 55 mi east of San Bernardino,107 mi east of Los Angeles,123 mi northeast of San Diego, the population was 44,552 as of the 2010 census. Palm Springs covers approximately 94 square miles, making it the largest city in the county by land area, biking, golf, hiking, horseback riding, swimming, and tennis in the nearby desert and mountain areas are major forms of recreation in Palm Springs. The city is famous for its mid-century modern architecture and design elements. Archaeological research has shown that the Cahuilla people have lived in the area for the past 350–500 years, the Cahuilla name for the area was Se-Khi. The alternating non-reservation sections were granted to the Southern Pacific Railroad as an incentive to bring rail lines through the open desert, presently the Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians is composed of several smaller bands who live in the modern day Coachella Valley and San Gorgonio Pass areas. The Agua Caliente Reservation occupies 32,000 acres, of which 6,700 acres lie within the city limits, as of 1821 Mexico was independent of Spain and in March 1823 the Mexican Monarchy ended. With the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, the region was ceded to the United States in 1848, one possible origin of palm in the place name comes from early Spanish explorers who referred to the area as La Palma de la Mano de Dios or The Palm of Gods hand. The earliest use of the name Palm Springs is from United States Topographical Engineers who used the term in 1853 maps, other early names were Palmetto Spring and Big Palm Springs. The first European resident in Palm Springs itself was Jack Summers, fourteen years later, the Southern Pacific railroad was laid 6 miles to the north, isolating the station. By 1885, when San Francisco attorney John Guthrie McCallum began buying property in Palm Springs, the area was named Palm Valley when McCallum incorporated the Palm Valley Land and Water Company with partners O. C. He also asked Dr. Welwood Murray to establish a hotel across the street from his residence, the crops and irrigation systems suffered flooding in 1893 from record rainfall, and then an 11-year drought caused further damage. The city became a resort in the 1900s when health tourists arrived with conditions that required dry heat. Because of the heat, however, the population dropped markedly in the summer months, Early illustrious visitors included John Muir and his daughters, U. S. Vice President Charles Fairbanks, and Fanny Stevenson, widow of Robert Louis Stevenson, still, Murrays hotel was closed in 1909, nellie N. Coffman and her physician husband Harry established The Desert Inn as a hotel and sanitarium in 1909. It was expanded as a hotel in 1927 and continued on until 1967. Coffman herself was a force in the citys tourism industry until her death in 1950. James Wonders of the Colorado Desert was followed in 1920 by J. Smeaton Chases Our Araby, Palm Springs and the Garden of the Sun, which also served to promote the area
4.
California
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California is the most populous state in the United States and the third most extensive by area. Located on the western coast of the U. S, California is bordered by the other U. S. states of Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona and shares an international border with the Mexican state of Baja California. Los Angeles is Californias most populous city, and the second largest after New York City. The Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nations second- and fifth-most populous urban regions, California also has the nations most populous county, Los Angeles County, and its largest county by area, San Bernardino County. The Central Valley, an agricultural area, dominates the states center. What is now California was first settled by various Native American tribes before being explored by a number of European expeditions during the 16th and 17th centuries, the Spanish Empire then claimed it as part of Alta California in their New Spain colony. The area became a part of Mexico in 1821 following its war for independence. The western portion of Alta California then was organized as the State of California, the California Gold Rush starting in 1848 led to dramatic social and demographic changes, with large-scale emigration from the east and abroad with an accompanying economic boom. If it were a country, California would be the 6th largest economy in the world, fifty-eight percent of the states economy is centered on finance, government, real estate services, technology, and professional, scientific and technical business services. Although it accounts for only 1.5 percent of the states economy, the story of Calafia is recorded in a 1510 work The Adventures of Esplandián, written as a sequel to Amadis de Gaula by Spanish adventure writer Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo. The kingdom of Queen Calafia, according to Montalvo, was said to be a land inhabited by griffins and other strange beasts. This conventional wisdom that California was an island, with maps drawn to reflect this belief, shortened forms of the states name include CA, Cal. Calif. and US-CA. Settled by successive waves of arrivals during the last 10,000 years, various estimates of the native population range from 100,000 to 300,000. The Indigenous peoples of California included more than 70 distinct groups of Native Americans, ranging from large, settled populations living on the coast to groups in the interior. California groups also were diverse in their organization with bands, tribes, villages. Trade, intermarriage and military alliances fostered many social and economic relationships among the diverse groups, the first European effort to explore the coast as far north as the Russian River was a Spanish sailing expedition, led by Portuguese captain Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, in 1542. Some 37 years later English explorer Francis Drake also explored and claimed a portion of the California coast in 1579. Spanish traders made unintended visits with the Manila galleons on their trips from the Philippines beginning in 1565
5.
Composer
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A composer is a person who creates or writes music, which can be vocal music, instrumental music or music which combines both instruments and voices. The core meaning of the term refers to individuals who have contributed to the tradition of Western classical music through creation of works expressed in written musical notation, many composers are also skilled performers, either as singers, instrumentalists, and/or conductors. Examples of composers who are well known for their ability as performers include J. S. Bach, Mozart. In many popular genres, such as rock and country. For a singer or instrumental performer, the process of deciding how to perform music that has previously composed and notated is termed interpretation. Different performers interpretations of the work of music can vary widely, in terms of the tempos that are chosen. Composers and songwriters who present their own music are interpreting, just as much as those who perform the music of others, although a musical composition often has a single author, this is not always the case. A piece of music can also be composed with words, images, or, in the 20th and 21st century, a culture eventually developed whereby faithfulness to the composers written intention came to be highly valued. This musical culture is almost certainly related to the esteem in which the leading classical composers are often held by performers. The movement might be considered a way of creating greater faithfulness to the original in works composed at a time that expected performers to improvise. In Classical music, the composer typically orchestrates her own compositions, in some cases, a pop songwriter may not use notation at all, and instead compose the song in her mind and then play or record it from memory. In jazz and popular music, notable recordings by influential performers are given the weight that written scores play in classical music. The level of distinction between composers and other musicians varies, which issues such as copyright and the deference given to individual interpretations of a particular piece of music. In the development of European classical music, the function of composing music initially did not have greater importance than that of performing it. The preservation of individual compositions did not receive attention and musicians generally had no qualms about modifying compositions for performance. In as much as the role of the composer in western art music has seen continued solidification, for instance, in certain contexts the line between composer and performer, sound designer, arranger, producer, and other roles, can be quite blurred. The term composer is often used to refer to composers of music, such as those found in classical, jazz or other forms of art. In popular and folk music, the composer is usually called a songwriter and this is distinct from a 19th-century conception of instrumental composition, where the work was represented solely by a musical score to be interpreted by performers
6.
Piano
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The piano is an acoustic, stringed musical instrument invented around the year 1700, in which the strings are struck by hammers. It is played using a keyboard, which is a row of keys that the performer presses down or strikes with the fingers and thumbs of both hands to cause the hammers to strike the strings. The word piano is a form of pianoforte, the Italian term for the early 1700s versions of the instrument. The first fortepianos in the 1700s had a sound and smaller dynamic range. An acoustic piano usually has a wooden case surrounding the soundboard and metal strings. Pressing one or more keys on the keyboard causes a padded hammer to strike the strings. The hammer rebounds from the strings, and the continue to vibrate at their resonant frequency. These vibrations are transmitted through a bridge to a soundboard that amplifies by more efficiently coupling the acoustic energy to the air, when the key is released, a damper stops the strings vibration, ending the sound. Notes can be sustained, even when the keys are released by the fingers and thumbs and this means that the piano can play 88 different pitches, going from the deepest bass range to the highest treble. The black keys are for the accidentals, which are needed to play in all twelve keys, more rarely, some pianos have additional keys. Most notes have three strings, except for the bass that graduates from one to two, the strings are sounded when keys are pressed or struck, and silenced by dampers when the hands are lifted from the keyboard. There are two types of piano, the grand piano and the upright piano. The grand piano is used for Classical solos, chamber music and art song and it is used in jazz. The upright piano, which is compact, is the most popular type, as they are a better size for use in private homes for domestic music-making. During the nineteenth century, music publishers produced many works in arrangements for piano, so that music lovers could play. The piano is widely employed in classical, jazz, traditional and popular music for solo and ensemble performances, accompaniment, with technological advances, amplified electric pianos, electronic pianos, and digital pianos have also been developed. The electric piano became an instrument in the 1960s and 1970s genres of jazz fusion, funk music. The piano was founded on earlier technological innovations in keyboard instruments, pipe organs have been used since Antiquity, and as such, the development of pipe organs enabled instrument builders to learn about creating keyboard mechanisms for sounding pitches
7.
Broadway theatre
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Along with Londons West End theatres, Broadway theatres are widely considered to represent the highest level of commercial theatre in the English-speaking world. The Theater District is a popular tourist attraction in New York City, the great majority of Broadway shows are musicals. They presented Shakespeare plays and ballad operas such as The Beggars Opera, in 1752, William Hallam sent a company of twelve actors from Britain to the colonies with his brother Lewis as their manager. They established a theatre in Williamsburg, Virginia and opened with The Merchant of Venice, the company moved to New York in the summer of 1753, performing ballad operas and ballad-farces like Damon and Phillida. The Revolutionary War suspended theatre in New York, but thereafter theatre resumed in 1798, the Bowery Theatre opened in 1826, followed by others. Blackface minstrel shows, a distinctly American form of entertainment, became popular in the 1830s, by the 1840s, P. T. Barnum was operating an entertainment complex in lower Manhattan. In 1829, at Broadway and Prince Street, Niblos Garden opened, the 3, 000-seat theatre presented all sorts of musical and non-musical entertainments. In 1844, Palmos Opera House opened and presented opera for four seasons before bankruptcy led to its rebranding as a venue for plays under the name Burtons Theatre. The Astor Opera House opened in 1847, booth played the role for a famous 100 consecutive performances at the Winter Garden Theatre in 1865, and would later revive the role at his own Booths Theatre. Other renowned Shakespeareans who appeared in New York in this era were Henry Irving, Tommaso Salvini, Fanny Davenport, lydia Thompson came to America in 1868 heading a small theatrical troupe, adapting popular English burlesques for middle-class New York audiences. Thompsons troupe called the British Blondes, was the most popular entertainment in New York during the 1868–1869 theatrical season, the six-month tour ran for almost six extremely profitable years. Theatre in New York moved from downtown gradually to midtown beginning around 1850, in 1870, the heart of Broadway was in Union Square, and by the end of the century, many theatres were near Madison Square. Broadways first long-run musical was a 50-performance hit called The Elves in 1857, New York runs continued to lag far behind those in London, but Laura Keenes musical burletta The Seven Sisters shattered previous New York records with a run of 253 performances. It was at a performance by Keenes troupe of Our American Cousin in Washington, the production was a staggering five-and-a-half hours long, but despite its length, it ran for a record-breaking 474 performances. The same year, The Black Domino/Between You, Me and the Post was the first show to call itself a musical comedy, Tony Pastor opened the first vaudeville theatre one block east of Union Square in 1881, where Lillian Russell performed. Comedians Edward Harrigan and Tony Hart produced and starred in musicals on Broadway between 1878 and 1890, with book and lyrics by Harrigan and music by his father-in-law David Braham. They starred high quality singers, instead of the women of repute who had starred in earlier musical forms. Plays could run longer and still draw in the audiences, leading to better profits, as in England, during the latter half of the century, the theatre began to be cleaned up, with less prostitution hindering the attendance of the theatre by women
8.
Clifton Webb
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He was known for his stage appearances in the plays of Noël Coward, notably Blithe Spirit, as well as appearances on Broadway in a number of very successful musical revues. Webb was born Webb Parmelee Hollenbeck in Indianapolis, Indiana, the couple married in Kankakee, Illinois, on January 18,1888, and separated in 1891, shortly after their sons birth. According to Marion County, Indiana, marriage records, they married in Indianapolis on January 18,1888, in 1892, Webbs mother, now called Mabelle, moved to New York City with her beloved little Webb, as she called him for the remainder of her life. She dismissed questions about her husband, Jacob, who like her father, worked for the Indianapolis-St. Louis Railroad, by saying and he didnt care for the theatre. The couple apparently divorced, since by 1900, Mabelle was married to Green B, Raum was the son of General Green Berry Raum, former U. S. Commissioner of Internal Revenue and former U. S, Webbs father, Jacob, married, as his second wife, Ethel Brown, and died in 1939. His mother was listed in the program as a member of the opening-night cast and his next musical was an Al Jolson vehicle, Sigmund Rombergs Dancing Around. It opened at the Winter Garden Theatre on October 10,1914 and it closed 68 performances later on November 20,1915. In 1916, he had another run with Cole Porters comic opera See America First, which opened at the Maxine Elliott Theatre on March 28,1916. The year 1917 proved to be better, with a 233-performance run of Jerome Kerns Love O Mike, after moving to Maxine Elliotts Theatre and Casino Theatre, it closed on September 29,1917. Future Mama star Peggy Wood was also in the cast, Webbs final show of the 1910s, the musical Listen Lester, had the longest run,272 performances. It opened at the Knickerbocker Theatre on December 23,1918, Webb appeared with other Broadway stars in National Red Cross Pageant, a 50-minute film of a stage production held to benefit the American Red Cross. The 1920s had Webb in no fewer than eight Broadway shows, numerous stage appearances, including vaudeville. The revue As You Were, with songs by Cole Porter, opened at the Central Theatre on January 29,1920. One of the leads was 24-year-old Humphrey Bogart. In 1925, Webb appeared on stage in an act with vaudeville star. Later that year, when her husband, Tolable David star Richard Barthelmess and she decided to produce and star in New Toys, the film proved to be financially successful, but 19 more years passed before Webb appeared in another feature film. Webbs mainstay was the Broadway theatre, between 1913 and 1947, the tall and slender performer who sang in a clear, gentle tenor, appeared in 23 Broadway shows, starting with major supporting roles and quickly progressing to leads
9.
Libby Holman
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Elizabeth Lloyd Holzman, best known as Libby Holman, was an American torch singer and stage actress who also achieved notoriety for her complex and unconventional personal life. Elizabeth Lloyd Holzman was born May 23,1904, in Cincinnati, Ohio to a Jewish lawyer and stockbroker, Alfred Holzman and his wife and their other children were daughter Marion H. Holzman and son Alfred Paul Holzman. In 1904, the family grew destitute after Holmans uncle Ross Holzman embezzled nearly $1 million of their stock brokerage business. At some point, Alfred changed the name from Holzman to Holman. She graduated from Hughes High School on June 11,1920 and she graduated from the University of Cincinnati on June 16,1923, with a Bachelor of Arts degree. Holman later subtracted two years from her age, insisting she was born in 1906, the year she gave the Social Security Administration as the year of her birth. In the summer of 1924, Holman left for New York City and her first theater job in New York was in the road company of The Fool. Channing Pollock, the writer of The Fool, recognized Holmans talents immediately and she followed Pollocks advice and soon became a star. An early stage colleague who became a close friend was future film star Clifton Webb. He gave her the nickname, The Statue of Libby and her Broadway theatre debut was in the play The Sapphire Ring in 1925 at the Selwyn Theatre, which closed after thirteen performances. She was billed as Elizabeth Holman, also in that show, she sang the Kay Swift and Paul James song, Cant We Be Friends. The following year, Holman introduced the Howard Dietz and Arthur Schwartz standard Something to Remember You By in the show Threes a Crowd, which also starred Allen and Webb. One of Holmans signature looks was the dress, which she has been credited with having invented. Holman was married three times, and had a variety of relationships with both men and women throughout her lifetime. Her famous lesbian lovers included the DuPont heiress Louisa dAndelot Carpenter, actress Jeanne Eagels, Carpenter was to play a significant part throughout Holmans lifetime. They raised their children and lived together and were accepted by their theater companions. She scandalized some by dating younger men, such as fellow American actor Montgomery Clift. Holman took an interest in one fan, Zachary Smith Reynolds and he was smitten with her from the start, despite their seven-year age difference
10.
Revue
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A revue is a type of multi-act popular theatrical entertainment that combines music, dance and sketches. The revue has its roots in 19th century popular entertainment and melodrama, though most famous for their visual spectacle, revues frequently satirized contemporary figures, news or literature. Similar to the related subforms of operetta and musical theatre, the art form brings together music, dance. In contrast to these, however, revue does not have an overarching storyline, rather, a general theme serves as the motto for a loosely-related series of acts that alternate between solo performances and dance ensembles. George Lederers The Passing Show is usually held to be the first successful American review, the English spelling was used until 1907 when Florenz Ziegfeld popularized the French spelling. Follies is now employed as an analog for revue, though the term was proprietary to Ziegfeld until his death in 1932. Other popular proprietary revue names included George Whites Scandals and Earl Carrolls Vanities, Revues are most properly understood as having amalgamated several theatrical traditions within the corpus of a single entertainment. Minstrelsys olio section provided a map of popular variety presentation. Theatrical extravaganzas, in particular, moving panoramas, demonstrated a vocabulary of the spectacular, burlesque, itself a bawdy hybrid of various theatrical forms, lent to classic revue an open interest in female sexuality and the masculine gaze. Revues enjoyed great success on Broadway from the World War I years until the Great Depression, the high ticket prices of many revues helped ensure audiences distinct from other live popular entertainments during their height of popularity. In 1914, the Follies charged $5.00 for an opening night ticket, at time, many cinema houses charged from $0.10 to 0.25. Among the many producers of revues, Florenz Ziegfeld played the greatest role in developing the classical revue through his glorification of a new theatrical type. Revues took advantage of their revenue stream to lure away performers from other media. Performers such as Eddie Cantor, Anna Held, W. C, fields, Bert Williams, the Marx Brothers and the Fairbanks Twins found great success on the revue stage. One of Cole Porters early shows was Raymond Hitchcocks revue Hitchy-Koo, composers or lyricists such as Richard Rodgers, Lorenz Hart, Irving Berlin, and George M. Cohan also enjoyed a tremendous reception on the part of audiences. Sometimes, an appearance in a revue provided a key early entry into entertainment, largely due to their centralization in New York City and adroit use of publicity, revues proved particularly adept at introducing new talents to the American theatre. Rodgers and Hart, one of the great composer/lyricist teams of the American musical theatre, comedian Fanny Brice, following a brief period in burlesque and amateur variety, bowed to revue audiences in Ziegfelds Follies of 1910. Specialist writers and composers of revues have included Sandy Wilson, Noël Coward, John Stromberg, George Gershwin, Earl Carroll, in Britain predominantly, Tom Arnold also specialised in promoting series of revues and his acts extended to the European continent and South Africa
11.
The Little Show
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The Little Show was a musical revue with lyrics by Howard Dietz and music by Arthur Schwartz. It was the first of 11 musicals that featured the songs of Dietz and Schwartz, the revue opened on Broadway in 1929. The show grew out of a number of Sunday evening variety shows co-produced by Tom Weatherly with James Pond at the Selwyn Theatre. Weatherly said that they were nothing more than high-class vaudeville shows. This was the first American revue to give wit precedence over spectacle, Fred Allen won acclaim with his sardonic banter, torch singer Libby Hollman smoldered. Clifton Webb, the star, wanted a number that was more perverse, a number he could deliver all alone in full-dress suit. The song was I Guess Ill Have to Change My Plan, the song Hammacher Schlemmer, I Love You was an open-hearted tribute to the hardware store. According to Kay Green, the funniest sketch was George S. Kaufmans The Still Alarm which concerns nonchalant hotel guests Webb and Fred Allen, the most dramatic scene was the torrid dance Clifton Webb and Libby Holman performed after Miss Holman moaned Moanin Low in a squalid Harlem tenement. Ken Bloom wrote, The Little Show was one of the first intimate revues that proved to audiences that all the Ziegfeldian trappings were not necessary for the enjoyment of a revue. Produced by William A. Brady, Jr. and Dwight Deere Wiman, in association with Tom Weatherly, the revue was directed by Wiman, choreographed by Danny Dare, and had scenic design by Jo Mielziner. The cast included Fred Allen, Libby Holman, John McCauley, Romney Brent, ISBN 0-306-80207-4 Internet Broadway Database listing
12.
Hollywood
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Hollywood is an ethnically diverse, densely populated neighborhood in the central region of Los Angeles, California. It is notable as the home of the U. S. film industry, including several of its studios, and its name has come to be a shorthand reference for the industry. Hollywood was a community in 1870 and was incorporated as a municipality in 1903. It was consolidated with the city of Los Angeles in 1910, in 1853, one adobe hut stood in Nopalera, named for the Mexican Nopal cactus indigenous to the area. By 1870, an agricultural community flourished, the area was known as the Cahuenga Valley, after the pass in the Santa Monica Mountains immediately to the north. According to the diary of H. J. Whitley, known as the Father of Hollywood, along came a Chinese man in a wagon carrying wood. The man got out of the wagon and bowed, the Chinese man was asked what he was doing and replied, I holly-wood, meaning hauling wood. H. J. Whitley had an epiphany and decided to name his new town Hollywood, Holly would represent England and wood would represent his Scottish heritage. Whitley had already started over 100 towns across the western United States, Whitley arranged to buy the 500-acre E. C. Hurd ranch and disclosed to him his plans for the land. They agreed on a price and Hurd agreed to sell at a later date, before Whitley got off the ground with Hollywood, plans for the new town had spread to General Harrison Gray Otis, Hurds wife, eastern adjacent ranch co-owner Daeida Wilcox, and others. Daeida Wilcox may have learned of the name Hollywood from Ivar Weid, her neighbor in Holly Canyon and she recommended the same name to her husband, Harvey. In August 1887, Wilcox filed with the Los Angeles County Recorders office a deed and parcel map of property he had sold named Hollywood, Wilcox wanted to be the first to record it on a deed. The early real-estate boom busted that year, yet Hollywood began its slow growth. By 1900, the region had a post office, newspaper, hotel, Los Angeles, with a population of 102,479 lay 10 miles east through the vineyards, barley fields, and citrus groves. A single-track streetcar line ran down the middle of Prospect Avenue from it, but service was infrequent, the old citrus fruit-packing house was converted into a livery stable, improving transportation for the inhabitants of Hollywood. The Hollywood Hotel was opened in 1902 by H. J. Whitley who was a president of the Los Pacific Boulevard, having finally acquired the Hurd ranch and subdivided it, Whitley built the hotel to attract land buyers. Flanking the west side of Highland Avenue, the structure fronted on Prospect Avenue, the hotel was to become internationally known and was the center of the civic and social life and home of the stars for many years. Whitleys company developed and sold one of the residential areas
13.
Jack Benny
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Jack Benny was an American comedian, vaudevillian, radio, television and film actor, and violinist. Recognized as a leading American entertainer of the 20th century, Benny portrayed his character as a miser, in character, he would claim to be 39 years of age, regardless of his actual age. Benny was known for comic timing and the ability to cause laughter with a pregnant pause or a single expression and his radio and television programs, popular from the 1930s to the 1970s, were a major influence on the sitcom genre. Benny was born in Chicago, Illinois, and grew up in nearby Waukegan and he was the son of Meyer Kubelsky and Emma Sachs Kubelsky. Meyer was an owner and later a haberdasher who had immigrated to America from Poland. Benny began studying violin, an instrument that became his trademark, at the age of 6 and he loved the instrument, but hated practice. His music teacher was Otto Graham Sr. a neighbor and father of Otto Graham of NFL fame, at 14, Benny was playing in dance bands and his high school orchestra. He was a dreamer and poor at his studies, and was expelled from high school. He did poorly in business school later and at attempts to join his fathers business, at age 17, he began playing the violin in local vaudeville theaters for $7.50 a week. He was joined by Ned Miller, a composer and singer. In 1911, Benny was playing in the theater as the young Marx Brothers. Minnie, their mother, enjoyed Bennys violin playing and invited him to accompany her boys in their act, Bennys parents refused to let their son go on the road at 17, but it was the beginning of his long friendship with the Marx Brothers, especially Zeppo Marx. The next year, Benny formed a musical duo with pianist Cora Folsom Salisbury. This provoked famous violinist Jan Kubelik, who feared that the young vaudevillian with a name would damage his reputation. Under legal pressure, Benjamin Kubelsky agreed to change his name to Ben K. Benny, when Salisbury left the act, Benny found a new pianist, Lyman Woods, and renamed the act From Grand Opera to Ragtime. They worked together for five years and slowly integrated comedy elements into the show and they reached the Palace Theater, the Mecca of Vaudeville, and did not do well. Benny left show business briefly in 1917 to join the United States Navy during World War I, and often entertained the troops with his violin playing. One evening, his performance was booed by the troops, so with prompting from fellow sailor and actor Pat OBrien, he ad-libbed his way out of the jam
14.
Thanks for the Memory
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Thanks for the Memory is a popular song, with music composed by Ralph Rainger and lyrics by Leo Robin. It was introduced in the 1938 film The Big Broadcast of 1938 by Bob Hope and Shirley Ross, and recorded by Shep Fields and His Orchestra with vocals by Bob Goday. Dorothy Lamours solo recording of the song was popular, and has led to many mistakenly believing over the years that it was she, and Hope. In the film, Ross and Hopes characters are a couple who encounter each other aboard a ship. Near the films end they poignantly sing one of the versions of this song, recalling the ups. The song won the Academy Award for Best Original Song, and became Hopes signature tune, in 2004 it finished #63 on AFIs 100 Years.100 Songs survey of top tunes in American cinema. Martha Tilton sang vocals with Benny Goodmans orchestra recorded on December 2,1937, RCA Camden Records CAL-872 Mildred Bailey recorded the song on January 10,1938 with a mixed group featuring Chu Berry doing a nice tenor sax solo. Bing Crosby recorded the song for his 1956 album, Songs I Wish I Had Sung the First Time Around, ella Fitzgerald recorded this with André Previn and his orchestra in 1955 and on her 1967 Verve release Whisper Not, with backing by Marty Paich and his orchestra. Stacey Kent - included the tune on her 2001 Dreamsville album, harry Nilsson released a version on his album recorded with Gordon Jenkins, A Little Touch of Schmilsson in the Night. Susannah McCorkle - Thanks For The Memory - Songs Of Leo Robin, Most Requested Songs Frank Sinatra recorded a version of the song with altered lyrics for his 1981 album. Rosemary Clooney on her 1985 album Rosemary Clooney Sings Ballads, rod Stewart as the title track to his 2005 album Thanks for the Memory, The Great American Songbook, Volume IV. The song was performed by Bob Hope, Lucille Ball, and Desi Arnaz on the episode Lucy, the song was parodied as Thanks for the Medicare on one episode of the 1980s NBC-TV sitcom The Golden Girls. The song was used a version for the closing of NBC Nightly News as Tom Brokaw appears his final broadcast in December 1,2004. Connie Chung sang a rendition of it with her husband Maury Povich on the episode of her show Weekends with Maury. Judi Dench sang her own thank you version especially for Sir Michael Parkinson on his final show - The Final Conversation - in December 2007
15.
Bob Hope
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Bob Hope KBE, KC*SG, KSS was an American comedian, vaudevillian, actor, singer, dancer, athlete, centenarian and author. With a career spanning nearly 80 years, Hope appeared in over 70 feature films and short films, in addition to hosting the Academy Awards 19 times, he appeared in many stage productions and television roles and was the author of 14 books. The song Thanks for the Memory is widely regarded as Hopes signature tune, born in Eltham, Kent, Hope arrived in America with his family at the age of four and grew up in Cleveland, Ohio. He began his career in business in the early 1920s, initially on stage. He was praised for his timing, specializing in one-liners and rapid-fire delivery of jokes. He also appeared in numerous specials for NBC television, starting in 1950, Hope participated in the sports of golf and boxing and owned a small stake in his hometown baseball team, the Cleveland Indians. He died at age 100 at his home in Toluca Lake, Hope was born in Eltham, Kent the fifth of seven sons. They married in April 1891 and lived at 12 Greenwood Street in Barry, before moving to Whitehall, Bristol, and then St George, Bristol. In 1908, the family emigrated to the United States aboard the SS Philadelphia and passed through Ellis Island on March 30,1908, before moving to Cleveland, from age 12, Hope earned pocket money by busking, singing, dancing, and performing comedy. He entered many dancing and amateur talent contests and won a prize in 1915 for his impersonation of Charlie Chaplin, for a time, he attended the Boys Industrial School in Lancaster, Ohio. As an adult, he donated sizable sums of money to the institution, Hope had a brief career as a boxer in 1919, fighting under the name Packy East. He had three wins and one loss and participated in a few staged charity bouts later in life, Hope worked as a butchers assistant and a lineman in his teens and early twenties. Hope also had a stint at Chandler Motor Car Company. Deciding on a business career, he and his girlfriend signed up for dancing lessons. Encouraged after they performed in an engagement at a club, Hope formed a partnership with Lloyd Durbin. Silent film comedian Fatty Arbuckle saw them perform in 1925 and found work with a touring troupe called Hurleys Jolly Follies. Within a year, Hope had formed an act called the Dancemedians with George Byrne, Hope and Byrne had an act as a pair of Siamese twins as well and danced and sang while wearing blackface before friends advised Hope that he was funnier as himself. In 1929, Hope informally changed his first name to Bob, in one version of the story, he named himself after racecar driver Bob Burman
16.
The Big Broadcast of 1938
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The Big Broadcast of 1938 is a Paramount Pictures musical film featuring W. C. Directed by Mitchell Leisen, the film is the last in a series of Big Broadcast movies that were variety show anthologies and this film featured the debut of Hopes signature song, Thanks for the Memory by Ralph Rainger. In what is being billed as The Race of the Ages, Gigantic is about to race its rival, the slightly smaller S. S. Colossal across the Atlantic from New York’s Pier 97 to Cherbourg in two-and-a-half days, matters are made worse for the Gigantic when S. B. ’s outrageously unlucky daughter Martha is brought onboard, being rescued after surviving the shipwreck of the yacht, Hesperus V. Buzz does his best throughout the voyage to announce the progress of the race and introduce a series of acts for the pleasure of the passengers. Meanwhile, Dorothy is romanced by First Officer Robert Hayes, just as Buzz, in order of appearance This Little Ripple Had Rhythm, ” instrumental piece performed Shep Fields and his Rippling Rhythm Orchestra, with integrated cartoon segments. “Don’t Tell a Secret to a Rose” and the Spanish lyrics to “Zuni Zuni” sung by Tito Guízar, comedy performance by Bob Hope, Ben Blue and Patricia Wilder, “Way Down South in Dixie, ” sung a cappella by Patricia Wilder. “You Took the Words Right Out of My Heart ” sung by Dorothy Lamour, “Thanks for the Memory” sung by Bob Hope and Shirley Ross. “Mama, That Moon is Here Again” song and slapstick performed by Martha Raye. “The Waltz Lives On, ” sung by Bob Hope, Shirley Ross and chorus. Includes a section from “Truckin’ ” sung by Martha Raye, and musical sections from “At a Georgia Camp Meeting” and “Charleston. ”The screenplay is by Walter DeLeon, Ken Englund, and Francis Martin, based on an adaptation by Howard Lindsay and Russel Crouse, based on a story by Frederick Hazlitt Brennan. The art direction is by Hans Dreier and Ernst Fegté, with decorations by A. E. Freudeman. Costumes were designed by Edith Head, the cartoon sequence integrated with the live action in the “Rippling Rhythm” sequence was directed by Leon Schlesinger. The film was Hopes first feature film, and was the film under Fields long-running Paramount contract. Colossal in the film appears to be similar to the 1935 steam turbo-electric-propelled passenger ship S. S. Normandie with its classic Art Deco French Line-styled exterior, the S. S. Modern cruise ships have come to resemble the Gigantics glass-enclosed upper deck design. ”Boris Morros provided the musical direction. Fields as T. Frothingill Bellows and S. B, the Big Broadcast The Big Broadcast of 1936 The Big Broadcast of 1937 The Big Broadcast of 1938 at the Internet Movie Database The Big Broadcast of 1938 at AllMovie
17.
American Airlines Flight 28
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The B-34 suffered only minor damage, and landed safely at the Army Airport of the Sixth Ferrying Command, Palm Springs, California. All nine passengers and three crewmembers on board the airliner perished in the crash and subsequent fire, neither of the two Army pilots aboard the B-34 was injured, the army pilot was later tried on manslaughter charges, but was acquitted by a court martial trial board. American Airlines Flight 28 was served by a Douglas DC-3, registration NC16017 and it had been approved and certified by the Civil Aeronautics Board, and was rated to carry a maximum of 21 passengers and 4 crew. It was piloted by Captain Charles Fred Pedley,42, who had flown for 12 years with American Airlines, the co-pilot was First Officer Louis Frederick Reppert, Jr. a 26-year-old pilot with 800 hours of flight time and six months employment by the airline. The third crewmember was Estelle Frances Regan, age 27, a stewardess, the B-34 Lexington bomber, serial number 41-38116, was manufactured by the Lockheed Air Corporation and operated by the U. S. Army Air Forces. It was piloted by Lieutenant William Norman Wilson,25, attached to the Air Transport Command and stationed at Long Beach and his copilot was Staff Sergeant Robert Reed Leicht, also 25, of the Sixth Ferrying Command, Army Air Forces, and also stationed at Long Beach. Flight 28 departed from the Lockheed Air Terminal in Burbank, California at 4,36 p. m. on October 23,1942. Captain Pedley reported his position over Riverside, California, and estimated his arrival over Indio, California, at 4,26 p. m. the B-34 bomber departed from Long Beach, California, en route to Palm Springs. Lieutenant Wilson proceeded to Riverside, circled twice near March Field, at approximately 5,15 p. m. at an altitude of approximately 9,000 feet, Flight 28 was struck by the B-34. The DC-3 lost its rudder to the propeller from the B-34s right engine and it fell from the sky in a flat spin and impacted a rocky ledge in Chino Canyon, below San Jacinto Peak, before crashing into the desert and exploding. Lieutenant Wilson later testified at his court proceedings that he first realized that the two aircraft had collided when he heard a noise and a wrenching of my ship up. He also testified that he noticed that his aircraft handled sluggishly and he was informed by his copilot that they had hit the airliner. The B-34 called the Palm Springs tower to notify them of the accident, the Burbank operator at the company station reported that he had picked up a message from Flight 28 at exactly 5,15 p. m. saying, Flight 28 from Burbank. The radio operator was able to distinguish the flight calling Burbank. He then directed the message to the American Airlines Flight Superintendent at Burbank, the Civil Aeronautics Board determined that, as Flight 28 crashed at 5,15 p. m. it was possible that the pilots were attempting to report the collision. Three separate investigations into the accident occurred, a coroners inquest, an investigation and court martial. All three investigations were independent of the others, the coroner inquest was the first investigation to be completed, occurring shortly after the crash. Its purpose was not to decide absolute culpability, but rather to determine exactly the manner of death of the involved individuals, Air safety investigators of the Civil Aeronautics Board arrived at the scene of the crash at midnight of October 23
18.
Douglas DC-3
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The Douglas DC-3 is a fixed-wing propeller-driven airliner. Its cruise speed and range revolutionized air transport in the 1930s and 1940s and its lasting effect on the airline industry and World War II makes it one of the most significant transport aircraft ever made. The DC-3 was a twin-engine metal monoplane, developed as a larger and it had many exceptional qualities compared to previous aircraft. It was fast, had a range and could operate from short runways. It was reliable and easy to maintain and carried passengers in greater comfort, before the war it pioneered many air travel routes. Civil DC-3 production ended in 1942 with 607 aircraft being produced, however, together with its military derivative, the C-47 Skytrain, and with Russian- and Japanese-built versions, over 16,000 were built. Following the Second World War, the market was flooded with surplus C-47s and other transport aircraft. While the DC-3 was soon made redundant on main routes by more advanced such as the Douglas DC-6 and Lockheed Constellation. Large numbers continue to see service in a variety of niche roles well into the 21st century. In 2013 it was estimated that approximately 2,000 DC-3s and military derivatives were still flying, the DC-3 was the culmination of a development effort that began after an inquiry from Transcontinental and Western Airlines to Donald Douglas. TWA asked Douglas to design and build an aircraft that would allow TWA to compete with United, Douglas design, the 1933 DC-1, was promising, and led to the DC-2 in 1934. The DC-2 was a success, but there was room for improvement, Douglas agreed to go ahead with development only after Smith informed him of Americans intention to purchase twenty aircraft. The new aircraft was engineered by a led by chief engineer Arthur E. Raymond over the next two years, and the prototype DST first flew on December 17,1935. Its cabin was 92 in wide, and a version with 21 seats instead of the 14–16 sleeping berths of the DST was given the designation DC-3, there was no prototype DC-3, the first DC-3 built followed seven DSTs off the production line and was delivered to American Airlines. The DC-3 and DST popularized air travel in the United States, eastbound transcontinental flights could cross the U. S. in about 15 hours with three refueling stops, westbound trips against the wind took 17 1⁄2 hours. A few years such a trip entailed short hops in slower and shorter-range aircraft during the day. A variety of engines were available for the DC-3. Early-production civilian aircraft used Wright R-1820 Cyclone 9s, but later used the Pratt & Whitney R-1830 Twin Wasp
19.
United States Army Air Corps
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The United States Army Air Corps was the military aviation arm of the United States of America between 1926 and 1941. The USAAC was renamed from the earlier United States Army Air Service on 2 July 1926, the Air Corps became the United States Army Air Forces on 20 June 1941, giving it greater autonomy from the Armys middle-level command structure. The separation of the Air Corps from control of its combat units caused problems of unity of command that became more acute as the Air Corps enlarged in preparation for World War II. This was resolved by the creation of the Army Air Forces, the U. S. Army Air Service had a brief but turbulent history. In early 1926 the Military Affairs Committee of the Congress rejected all bills set forth before it on both sides of the issue. They fashioned a compromise in which the findings of the Morrow Board were enacted as law, while providing the air arm a five-year plan for expansion and development. The legislation changed the name of the Air Service to the Air Corps, thereby strengthening the conception of military aviation as an offensive, the Air Corps Act became law on 2 July 1926. Two additional brigadier generals would serve as assistant chiefs of the Air Corps, previous provisions of the National Defense Act of 1920 that all flying units be commanded only by rated personnel and that flight pay be awarded were continued. The Air Corps also retained the Prop and Wings as its branch insignia through its disestablishment in 1947, patrick became Chief of the Air Corps and Brig. Gen. James E. Fechet continued as his first assistant chief. The Air Corps Act of 2 July 1926 effected no fundamental innovation, the change in designation meant no change in status, the Air Corps was still a combatant branch of the Army with less prestige than the Infantry. The Air Corps Act gave authorization to carry out an expansion program. However, a lack of appropriations caused the beginning of the program to be delayed until 1 July 1927. The act authorized expansion to 1,800 airplanes,1,650 officers, none of the goals were reached by July 1932. Organizationally the Air Corps doubled from seven to fifteen groups, but the expansion was meaningless because all were seriously understrength in aircraft and pilots. Air Corps groups added 1927–1937 ¹Inactivated on 20 May 1937 ²Redesignated 17th Attack Group, 17th Bomb Group As units of the Air Corps increased in number, so did higher command echelons. The 1st Bomb Wing was activated in 1931, followed by the 3rd Attack Wing in 1932 to protect the Mexican border, the three wings became the foundation of General Headquarters Air Force upon its activation in 1935. In 1927 the Air Corps adopted a new scheme for painting its aircraft. The wings and tails of aircraft were painted yellow, with the words U. S
20.
Tom Sawyer (1930 film)
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Tom Sawyer is a 1930 American Pre-Code drama film directed by John Cromwell and starring Jackie Coogan. The screenplay by Grover Jones, William Slavens McNutt, and Sam Mintz is based on the 1876 novel The Adventures of Tom Sawyer by Mark Twain, the film was the third screen adaptation of the Twain novel, following silent versions released in 1907 and 1917. The picture was made on location at the Paramount Ranch in Agoura, while there they witness a murder committed by Injun Joe, who convinces Muff Potter, who also was there but in an inebriated state, that he is guilty of the crime. Tom and Huck promise each other they will not divulge what they have seen, when Tom is caught lying about stealing his half-brother Sids crabapples, his Aunt Polly punishes him by making him whitewash the fence on a Saturday morning. The boy leads his friends to believe he is enjoying the task, together with Huck and Joe Harper, Tom runs away from home to become a pirate. The three set off on a raft to Jacksons Island in the Mississippi River, where they remain for three days, upon returning home, Tom discovers it was thought the three had drowned, and the boys attend their own funeral service at the church. At Muff Potters trial, Tom admits the truth about the murder, while attending the school picnic near a cavern, Tom and Becky decide to explore it and get lost. As they try to find their way out, they stumble upon Injun Joe, while angrily pursuing the two children, he falls into a crevasse and is killed. Huck finds Tom and Becky and leads them to safety, together with the treasure and it is wonderfully interesting to see Mark Twains characters come to the talking screen, for if there are minor discrepancies, they are unimportant. Jackie Coogans Tom Sawyer is excellent, in fact, the whole cast is unusually competent. Mr. Cromwells direction is imaginative and restrained, the result is that this picture is one of the few that can be seen with appreciation and enjoyment, even immediately after reading the book over again. However, this version was superseded only eight years later by David O. The cave sequence in the 1938 version is noted for being one of the most terrifying sequences in a motion picture. Tom Sawyer at the Internet Movie Database The AFI Catalog of Feature Films. Tom Sawyer Tom Sawyer on dvd
21.
The Virtuous Sin
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The Virtuous Sin is a 1930 American Pre-Code comedy-drama film directed by George Cukor and Louis J. Gasnier. The screenplay by Martin Brown and Louise Long is based on the play The General by Lajos Zilahy, Marya is the wife of medical student Victor Sablin, who finds it impossible to deal with military life when he is inducted into the Russian army during World War I. With her husband is sentenced to death by firing squad due to his insubordination, when the two unexpectedly fall in love, Victor — not caring that his life has been spared — threatens to kill his rival. His determination to eliminate the general falters when Marya confesses she is not in love with her husband — and it is one of those rare offerings in which youth takes a back seat. In the book On Cukor, director George Cukor confided to biographer Gavin Lambert, id be in great shock if they rescued this one. I remember that I enjoyed working with Kay Francis and Walter Huston, a complete print of this film is held by the UCLA Film and Television Archive. However, the UCLA archives website says the print is too shrunken for projection, the Rebel The Virtuous Sin at the Internet Movie Database
22.
The Big Broadcast
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The Big Broadcast is a 1932 American Pre-Code musical comedy film directed by Frank Tuttle and starring Bing Crosby, Stuart Erwin, and Leila Hyams. Based on the play Wild Waves by William Ford Manley, the film is about a radio-singer who becomes a hit with audiences. A casual affair leads to his dismissal, but his career is saved by the manager who buys the station. The film co-stars George Burns and Gracie Allen in supporting roles, the Big Broadcast was produced by Paramount Pictures and was the first picture in a series of four Big Broadcast movies. Radio-singer Bing Crosby is not very serious about his career and his chronic tardiness and his affair with the notorious Mona Lowe has become an issue at station WADX. After Mona cheats on him, the despondent singer meets Texas oil man Leslie McWhinney, soon after, Anita Rogers, the former fiancée of McWhinney, falls in love with Crosby. Meanwhile, station manager George Burns is plagued by the conversation of his stenographer, Gracie Allen. McWhinney buys the station in order to help out Crosby and Anita, McWhinney comes up with the idea of putting on a big broadcast of stars to pull the station out of debt. Mona returns on the scene and threatens the budding romance between Crosby and Anita, as well as the upcoming big broadcast. McWhinney tries to find a record to replace the absent Crosby. The singer returns and takes the microphone in mid-song, Crosby, who actually has been feigning irresponsibility to bring McWhinney and Anita together, succeeds both in reuniting the former lovers and in taming Mona. It was Bing Crosbys first starring role in a full-length film, the film is a credit to Crosby as a screen juve possibility, although he has a decidedly dizzy and uncertain role which makes him behave as no human being does. The New York American commented, Bing Crosby is the star, the “Blue of the Night” boy is a picture personality, as he demonstrated in his two-reelers. He has a face and a camera presence. Always at ease, he troupes like a veteran, the Hollywood Citizen News had more to say. Bing Crosby croons several attractive songs which seem destined to enjoy wide popularity, for that matter, he needn’t be ashamed of his acting either. Burns and Allen have several good comedy sequences, and Cab Calloway, all the radio stars are heard much as you hear them on the air. The novelty of seeing them may be an attraction, but Tuttle has not relied upon the drawing power of that novelty
23.
A Farewell to Arms
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A Farewell to Arms is a novel by Ernest Hemingway set during the Italian campaign of World War I. The book, published in 1929, is an account of American Frederic Henry. The title is taken from a poem by 16th-century English dramatist George Peele, the novel has been adapted for the stage, initially in 1930 and subsequently, for film in 1932 and 1957, and as a television miniseries in 1966. The novel is divided into five books, in the first book, Frederic Henry, an American paramedic serving in the Italian Army is introduced to Catherine Barkley, an English nurse, by his good friend and roommate, Rinaldi, a surgeon. Frederic attempts to seduce her, and their relationship begins, Frederic doesnt want a serious relationship, but his feelings for Catherine slowly start to grow. On the Italian front, Frederic is wounded in the knee by a mortar and sent to a hospital in Milan, the second book shows the growth of Frederic and Catherines relationship as they spend time together in Milan over the summer. Frederic and Catherine fall in love as Frederic slowly heals, after his knee heals, he is diagnosed with jaundice but is soon kicked out of the hospital and sent back to the front after being discovered with alcohol. By the time he is sent back, Catherine is three months pregnant, in the third book, Frederic returns to his unit, and soon discovers morale has severely dropped. Not long afterwards the Austrians break through the Italian lines in the Battle of Caporetto, due to a slow and hectic retreat, Frederic and his men go off trail and quickly get lost, and a frustrated Frederic kills a sergeant for insubordination. However, after seeing and hearing that everyone interrogated has been killed and he heads to Milan to find Catherine only to discover that she has been sent to Stresa. In the fourth book, Catherine and Frederic reunite and spend time in Stresa before Frederic learns he will soon be arrested. He and Catherine then flee to Switzerland in a rowboat, after interrogation by Swiss authorities, they are allowed to stay in Switzerland. In the final book, Frederic and Catherine live a life in the mountains until she goes into labor. After a long and painful birth, their son is stillborn, Catherine begins to hemorrhage and soon dies, leaving Frederic to return to their hotel in the rain. The novel was based on Hemingways own experiences serving in the Italian campaigns during the First World War, the inspiration for Catherine Barkley was Agnes von Kurowsky, a real nurse who cared for Hemingway in a hospital in Milan after he had been wounded. He had planned to marry her but she spurned his love when he returned to America, kitty Cannell, a Paris-based fashion correspondent, became Helen Ferguson. The unnamed priest was based on Don Giuseppe Bianchi, the priest of the 69th and 70th regiments of the Brigata Ancona, although the sources for Rinaldi are unknown, the character had already appeared in In Our Time. Biographer Reynolds, however, writes that Hemingway was not involved in the battles described, because his previous novel, The Sun Also Rises, had been written as a roman à clef, readers assumed A Farewell to Arms to be autobiographical
24.
This Is the Night (film)
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This Is the Night is a 1932 American Pre-Code comedy film made by Paramount Pictures, directed by Frank Tuttle, and starring Lili Damita, Charles Ruggles, Roland Young, Thelma Todd, and Cary Grant. The picture is based on the 1923 play Pouche by Henri Falk and René Peter, the plays had already been adapted for film once before as Good and Naughty with Pola Negri. Night scenes in film were intended to be seen in blue tint. Tinting is used on the restored 2011 single DVD version released by Turner Classic Movies, however, tinting was absent from recent prints prior to restoration. The version shown on the TCM cable channel in the 1990s was not tinted, Geralds friend Bunny lies and says that the tickets are actually for Gerald and his wife. With Stephen still suspicious, Gerald must find a wife to go to Venice with him. He tries to hire the actress Chou-Chou, but since her boyfriend is a man, she gives the job to out-of-work Germaine. At first, Gerald thinks she is too demure, but she convinces him that she can pretend to be a glamorous wife. The two couples go to Venice, Bunny, attracted to Germaine, decides to join them. On the train, Stephen questions Gerald and Germaine about how they met, when they arrive in Venice, Claire quickly becomes jealous, as both Stephen and Gerald seem fascinated by Germaine. Claire eventually demands that Gerald send Germaine away immediately, so he orders her to leave the next day, meanwhile, a drunken Bunny climbs a ladder into Germaines bedroom and offers to take her away. After she turns down his offer, he falls into a canal on his way out and is apprehended by two policemen, Stephen believes he hears a burglar and goes to her room to investigate. The two are caught in a seemingly compromising position by Gerald and Claire. However, Bunny reappears and explains what really happened and her love for her husband rekindled, Claire breaks off her affair with Gerald. Germaine reveals to Gerald that she is not in fact Chou-Chou and decides to return to Paris, Lili Damita as Germaine Charles Ruggles as Bunny West Roland Young as Gerald Grey Thelma Todd as Claire Cary Grant as Stephen Irving Bacon as Sparks, Geralds chauffeur. In a running gag, he accidentally snags Claires dress repeatedly, for example in a door or luggage. He disliked his role, believing that a man accepting the unfaithfulness of his wife so calmly was unbelievable, after seeing the film, he decided to quit the movie industry, his friend Orry-Kelly talked him out of it. The film received a mixed to positive reception from critics, bob Wagner of Script thought that the film was made to a high standard, with exceptionally beautiful cinematography
25.
She Done Him Wrong
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She Done Him Wrong is a 1933 pre-Code American crime/comedy film produced by Paramount Pictures and starring Mae West and Cary Grant. Its plot includes melodramatic and musical elements, with a supporting cast featuring Owen Moore, Gilbert Roland, Noah Beery, Sr. Rochelle Hudson and it was directed by Lowell Sherman and produced by William LeBaron. The movie is famous for Wests many double entendres and quips, including her best-known, Why dont you come up sometime, the film was adapted from the successful Broadway play Diamond Lil by Mae West. The Hays Code declared the play banned from the screen and repeatedly demanded changes to remove associations with or elements from the play, the adaption was finally allowed under the condition that the play not be referred to in publicity or advertising. The script was adapted by Harvey F. Thew and John Bright, original music was composed by Ralph Rainger, John Leipold and Stephan Pasternacki. Charles Lang was responsible for the cinematography, while the costumes were designed by Edith Head, the story is set in New York City in the 1890s. A bawdy singer, Lady Lou, works in the Bowery barroom saloon of her boss and benefactor, Gus Jordan, but Lou is a lady with more men friends than anyone might imagine. What she does not know is that Gus trafficks in prostitution and he also sends young women to San Francisco to be pickpockets. Gus works with two other crooked entertainer-assistants, Russian Rita and Ritas lover, the suave Sergei Stanieff. One of Guss rivals and former friend of Lous, named Dan Flynn, spends most of the movie dropping hints to Lou that Gus is up to no good, promising to look after her once Gus is in jail. Lou leads him on, hinting at times that she return to him. A city mission is located next door to the bar and its young director, Captain Cummings, is in reality an undercover Federal agent working to infiltrate and expose the illegal activities in the bar. Gus suspects nothing, he worries only that Cummings will reform his bar, Lous former boyfriend, Chick Clark, is a vicious criminal who was convicted of robbery and sent to prison for trying to steal diamonds for her. In his absence, she attracted to the handsome young psalm-singing reformer. Warned that Chick thinks shes betrayed him, she goes to the prison to try to reassure him, all the inmates greet her warmly and familiarly as she walks down the cellblock. Chick becomes angry and threatens to kill her if she double-crosses or two-times him before he gets out and she lies and claims she has been true to him. Gus gives counterfeit money to Rita and Sergei to spend, Chick escapes from jail, and police search for him in the bar. He comes into Lous room and starts to strangle her, breaking off only because he loves her
26.
Bolero
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Bolero is a genre of slow-tempo Latin music and its associated dance. There are Spanish and Cuban forms which are significant and which have separate origins. The term is used for some art music. In all its forms, the bolero has been popular for over a century, the original Spanish bolero is a 3/4 dance that originated in Spain in the late 18th century, a combination of the contradanza and the sevillana. In Cuba, the bolero was perhaps the first great Cuban musical and vocal synthesis to win universal recognition, in 2/4 time, this dance music spread to other countries, leaving behind what Ed Morales has called the most popular lyric tradition in Latin America. The Cuban bolero tradition originated in Santiago de Cuba in the last quarter of the 19th century, it does not owe its origin to the Spanish music and song of the same name. In the 19th century there grew up in Santiago de Cuba a group of itinerant musicians who moved around earning their living by singing and playing the guitar, pepe Sanchez is known as the father of the trova style and the creator of the Cuban bolero. Untrained, but with natural talent, he composed numbers in his head. As a result, most of these numbers are now lost and he was the model and teacher for the great trovadores who followed. The Cuban bolero has traveled to Puerto Rico and the rest of Latin America after its conception, some of the boleros leading composers have come from nearby countries, as in the case of the prolific Puerto Rican composer Rafael Hernández and the Mexican Agustín Lara. Some Cuban composers of the bolero are primarily considered trovadores, boleros saw a resurgence in popularity during the 1990s when Mexican singer Luis Miguel was credited for reviving interest in the bolero genre following the release Romance. This adaptability was largely achieved by dispensing with limitations in format or instrumentation, examples would be, Bolero in the danzón, the advent of lyrics in the danzón to produce the danzonete. The bolero-son, long-time favourite dance music in Cuba, captured abroad under the misnomer rumba, the bolero-mambo in which slow and beautiful lyrics were added to the sophisticated big-band arrangements of the mambo. The bolero-cha, many Cha-cha-cha lyrics come from boleros, the lyrics of the bolero can be found throughout popular music, especially Latin dance music. A version of the Cuban bolero is danced throughout the Latin dance world under the misnomer rumba and this came about in the early 1930s when a simple overall term was needed to market Cuban music to audiences unfamiliar with the various Cuban musical terms. The famous Peanut Vendor was so labelled, and the label stuck for other types of Cuban music, in Cuba, the bolero is usually written in 2/4 time, elsewhere often 4/4. The tempo for dance is about 120 beats per minute, the music has a gentle Cuban rhythm related to a slow son, which is the reason it may be best described as a bolero-son. Like some other Cuban dances, there are three steps to four beats, with the first step of a figure on the second beat, the slow is executed with a hip movement over the standing foot, with no foot-flick
27.
Search for Beauty
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Search for Beauty is a 1934 pre-Code dramedy film, with some musical Busby Berkeley-esque athletic sequences, directed by Erle C. Kenton and starring Buster Crabbe and Ida Lupino and they play a pair of lovers and aquatic champion Olympians who become the face of a health magazine, which over their objections is turned into a skin rag. Armstrong and Michael portray ex-cons with the scheme, and Gleason is their cohort, in his first few scenes Crabbe promotes exercise, Get off your feet and get on them. As Rev. Rankin Nora Cecil as Miss Pettigrew Virginia Hammond as Mrs. Archibald Henderson-James Eddie Gribbon as Adolph Knockler James B, pre-Code Hollywood, Sex, Immorality, and Insurrection in American Cinema 1930-1934. New York, Columbia University Press 1999, ISBN 0-231-11094-4 Search for Beauty at the Internet Movie Database
28.
The Devil Is a Woman (1935 film)
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The Devil Is a Woman is a 1935 romance film directed and photographed by Josef von Sternberg, adapted from the 1898 novel La Femme et le pantin by Pierre Louÿs. The film was based on a screenplay by John Dos Passos, the original male lead was Joel McCrea who quit after von Sternberg insisted on 35 takes of McCrea asking a waiter for a cup of coffee. The story takes place during the Carnival in Spain, Don Pasquale explains to Antonio Galvan that Concha Pérez broke his heart. In spite of this warning Antonio falls in love with Concha himself and this leads to a duel with pistols between Don Pasquale and Antonio. Concha begs Don Pasquale not to hurt Antonio, and he shoots into the air, Don Pasquale is wounded by Antonios shot, but not fatally. Concha asks Antonio to take her to Paris, but then leaves him for Don Pasqual Costelar, Marlene Dietrich as Concha Pérez Lionel Atwill as Capt. The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists,2002, AFIs 100 Years.100 Passions – Nominated The Devil Is a Woman at the Internet Movie Database
29.
The Big Broadcast of 1936
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The Big Broadcast of 1936 is a 1935 American comedy film directed by Norman Taurog, and is the second in the series of Big Broadcast movies. The film featured an appearance by Dorothy Dandridge. Glenn Miller appears as part of the Ray Noble Orchestra, in Glenn Miller and His Orchestra, George Thomas Simon noted that Glenn Miller was paid extra by Ray Noble for working on The Big Broadcast of 1936, so that Glenns total weekly pay was $356. The screenplay was by Walter DeLeon, Francis Martin, Ralph Spence, and Julius J. Epstein, the film received an Academy Award nomination for Best Dance Direction by LeRoy Prinz for Its the Animal in Me. Although the film has not been released on DVD or VHS, both Spud and Smiley play the role of Lochinvar. Burns and Allen ask Miller for an advance of $5,000 for the invention, Spud decides to enter an international broadcast competition with a prize of $250,000. Ysobel listens to the Lochinvar radio show and believes that he has sent her a letter and she finds out that he sends letters to listeners of the show. Outraged, she goes to the station to shoot Lochinvar. Spud and Smiley are able to win her over after her gun fails to shoot and they attempt to convince her to invest $5,000 in The Radio Eye invention which would allow them to win the competition. She takes Spud and Smiley to her Caribbean island, Clementi and she will decide to marry one of them before midnight. Gordoni, however, plans to murder them, Spud and Smiley are able to notify George Burns and Gracie Allen in New York and inform them that they are in grave danger. Burns and Allen then depart for the island on a boat, Gracie sets a fire on the boat. A Coast Guard cutter takes them on board and heads for the island, Gordoni has Drowzo put in the drinks to put Ysobel to sleep. Spud and Smiley turn on The Radio Eye to listen to the Vienna Boys Choir, Spud and Smiley are able to escape on coaches with teams of horses. After a chase, during which Spud is separated from his horses in a bifurcation in the road, they reach the pier where the Coast Guard and Burns, Spud wins the international broadcast competition. Spud tells Ysobel that he may marry her after a period of observation and she tells him, Let this be the start of a beautiful friendship. Paramounts Big Broadcast series began in 1932 and continued in late 1935 with The Big Broadcast of 1936, the movie was filmed at the Kaufman Astoria Studios on 3412 36th Street, Astoria, Queens, in New York City. Bing Crosbys cameo was filmed in Hollywood in April 1935
30.
Ruggles of Red Gap
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Ruggles of Red Gap is a 1935 comedy film directed by Leo McCarey and starring Charles Laughton, Mary Boland, Charlie Ruggles, and ZaSu Pitts, and featuring Roland Young and Leila Hyams. It was based on the best-selling 1915 novel by Harry Leon Wilson, adapted by Humphrey Pearson, with a screenplay by Walter DeLeon and it is the story of a newly rich American couple from the West who win a British gentlemans gentleman in a poker game. In 1908 the Earl of Burnstead gambles away his eminently correct English manservant, Ruggles new masters, crude nouveau riche American millionaires Egbert and Effie Floud, bring Ruggles back to Red Gap, Washington, a remote Western boomtown. When Ruggles is mistaken for a wealthy retired Englishman colonel, he becomes a celebrity in the small town, as Ruggles attempts to adjust to his rough new community, he learns to live life on his own terms, achieving a fulfilling independence as a result. The climax of the film is Laughton’s recitation of the Gettysburg Address in a filled with rough Western characters who are held spellbound by the speech. Newly imbued with the spirit of democracy and self-determination, Ruggles becomes his own man, giving up his previous employment, Charles Laughton won the New York Film Critics Circle Awards for Ruggles of Red Gap in 1935. The National Board of Review named the film the ninth best of 1935, the film was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture and competed against two other Laughton films that were also nominated, Mutiny on the Bounty and Les Misérables. In 2014, the film was deemed culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant by the Library of Congress, Harry Leon Wilsons novel Ruggles of Red Gap was adapted for the Broadway stage as a musical in 1915, the same year that it was published. It was made into a silent film in 1918 and 1923, the songs were created by Jule Styne and Leo Robin
31.
The Big Broadcast of 1937
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The Big Broadcast of 1937 is a 1936 Paramount Pictures production directed by Mitchell Leisen, and is the third in the series of Big Broadcast movies. The musical comedy stars Jack Benny, George Burns, Gracie Allen, Bob Burns, Martha Raye, Shirley Ross, Ray Milland, Benny Fields, Frank Forest and the orchestra of Benny Goodman. The version shown in British cinemas also included clips featuring Richard Tauber, german animator Oskar Fischinger was hired to create an animation sequence in Technicolor. It has yet to receive a DVD or VHS issue, Jack Benny as Jack Carson George Burns as Mr. Platt Gracie Allen as Mrs. The Big Broadcast The Big Broadcast of 1936 The Big Broadcast of 1938 The Big Broadcast of 1937 at the Internet Movie Database
32.
Rhythm on the Range
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Rhythm on the Range is a 1936 American Western musical film directed by Norman Taurog and starring Bing Crosby, Frances Farmer, and Bob Burns. Based on a story by Mervin J, the film played an important role in popularizing the singing cowboy and western music on a national level. Doris Halliday, the daughter of a banker, is about to marry a man she doesnt love so the family will become richer. Her outspoken aunt Penelope Ryland, the owner of the Frying Pan Ranch in Arizona, objects to their marriage, Doris starts to see Penelopes point and eventually runs away the night before the wedding. Doris hides in the wagon of a train owned by traveling cowboy Jeff Larabee, when they meet they take an immediate dislike for each other. Despite a few moments, they fight all night long. The next day, Doris is to be left at a stop, when she is attacked by Jeffs prize cow, however, Jeff is forced to save her. The train eventually leaves without them and they decide to part their ways, until they discover its a long way to the next stop. Doris secretly steals a car and gives Jeff a ride, Penelope and her employee Buck, who happens to be a friend of Jeff, try to find Doris. They take a train hoping to locate her, on the train, Buck meets Emma Mazda. Emma is attracted to him and tries to flirt, but Buck isnt really interested and they both take off at a stop and decide to travel together. Meanwhile, Doris father initiates a search to find his daughter, a couple of criminals, who have seen Doris, try to catch her and bring her back. Jeff and Doris drive to his house, where they meet up with Buck and Emma, Buck suggests Jeff ask to marry Doris as well, but he is reluctant to. The moment they do fall in love, they are located by Robert, Penelope blames Jeff for being a gold digger and tries to protect Doris from him. Offended and confused, Jeff runs away, Doris follows him and declares her love. Jeff gives in and they kiss, Im an Old Cowhand, I Cant Escape from You and Empty Saddles all enjoyed top 10 chart successes. Crosbys songs were included in the Bings Hollywood series, all of which may be interesting and amusing—in fact, it is—but we prefer to think of Rhythm on the Range as our screen introduction to Martha Raye. Variety thought that despite the title, the costumes and the characters, there’s very little range, but plenty of rhythm, and the latter makes it pleasant entertainment
33.
Rose of the Rancho
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Rose of the Rancho is a 1914 American Western film directed by Cecil B. The film cost $16,988 to make, and grossed $87,028, esra Kincaid takes land by force and, having taken the Espinoza land, his sights are set on the Castro rancho. US government agent Kearney holds him off till the shows up. The film was remade in 1936 by Paramount and starred John Boles, as a vehicle for the cinema debut of Contralto Gladys Swarthout, a revival of David Belascos famed stage success recommended itself for obvious reasons. Born of U. S. parents and reared in Deep Water, miss Swarthout has a Latin appearance well suited to a rigmarole about Spaniards in California and their efforts to hold their ancestral estates against early land-grabbers. Furthermore, the roles of Rosita Castro and Don Carlos, masked leader of the Spanish vigilantes. Rose of the Rancho at the American Film Institute Catalog Rose of the Rancho at the Internet Movie Database Rose of the Rancho at SilentEra
