Ramadan Revolution
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The Ramadan Revolution, also referred to as the 8 February Revolution and the February 1963 coup d'état in Iraq, was a military coup by the Iraqi branch of the Ba'ath Party in February 1963 that overt
Iraqi soldiers next to a sign with the image of Qasim taken down during the coup
Abdul Salam Arif
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Abdul Salam Mohammed ʿArif Al-Jumaili was an Iraqi military officer and politician who served as the second president of Iraq from 1963 until his death in a plane crash in 1966. He played a leading ro
Ramadan Revolution
…militia and organized a massacre of hundreds—if not thousands—of suspected communists and other dissidents following the coup. Qasim's former deputy, Abdul Salam Arif, who was not a Ba'athist, was given the largely ceremonial title of president, while prominent Ba'athist general Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr was named prime…
Arif in the 1960s
Arab leaders at the 1964 Arab League summit in Alexandria. From left to right: Hussein of Jordan, Gamal Abdel Nasser, Arif, Habib Bourguiba and Hassan II of Morocco