1.
Virginia
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Virginia is a state located in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States, as well as in the historic Southeast. The geography and climate of the Commonwealth are shaped by the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Chesapeake Bay, the capital of the Commonwealth is Richmond, Virginia Beach is the most populous city, and Fairfax County is the most populous political subdivision. The Commonwealths estimated population as of 2014 is over 8.3 million, the areas history begins with several indigenous groups, including the Powhatan. In 1607 the London Company established the Colony of Virginia as the first permanent New World English colony, slave labor and the land acquired from displaced Native American tribes each played a significant role in the colonys early politics and plantation economy. Although the Commonwealth was under one-party rule for nearly a century following Reconstruction, the Virginia General Assembly is the oldest continuous law-making body in the New World. The state government was ranked most effective by the Pew Center on the States in both 2005 and 2008 and it is unique in how it treats cities and counties equally, manages local roads, and prohibits its governors from serving consecutive terms. Virginias economy changed from agricultural to industrial during the 1960s and 1970s. Virginia has an area of 42,774.2 square miles, including 3,180.13 square miles of water. Virginias boundary with Maryland and Washington, D. C. extends to the mark of the south shore of the Potomac River. The southern border is defined as the 36° 30′ parallel north, the border with Tennessee was not settled until 1893, when their dispute was brought to the U. S. Supreme Court. The Chesapeake Bay separates the portion of the Commonwealth from the two-county peninsula of Virginias Eastern Shore. The bay was formed from the river valleys of the Susquehanna River. Many of Virginias rivers flow into the Chesapeake Bay, including the Potomac, Rappahannock, York, and James, the Tidewater is a coastal plain between the Atlantic coast and the fall line. It includes the Eastern Shore and major estuaries of Chesapeake Bay, the Piedmont is a series of sedimentary and igneous rock-based foothills east of the mountains which were formed in the Mesozoic era. The region, known for its clay soil, includes the Southwest Mountains around Charlottesville. The Blue Ridge Mountains are a province of the Appalachian Mountains with the highest points in the state. The Ridge and Valley region is west of the mountains and includes the Great Appalachian Valley, the region is carbonate rock based and includes Massanutten Mountain. The Cumberland Plateau and the Cumberland Mountains are in the southwest corner of Virginia, in this region, rivers flow northwest, with a dendritic drainage system, into the Ohio River basin
2.
Connecticut
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Connecticut is the southernmost state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. Connecticut is also often grouped along with New York and New Jersey as the Tri-State Area and it is bordered by Rhode Island to the east, Massachusetts to the north, New York to the west, and Long Island Sound to the south. Its capital city is Hartford, and its most populous city is Bridgeport, the state is named for the Connecticut River, a major U. S. river that approximately bisects the state. The word Connecticut is derived from various anglicized spellings of an Algonquian word for long tidal river, Connecticut is the third smallest state by area, the 29th most populous, and the fourth most densely populated of the 50 United States. It is known as the Constitution State, the Nutmeg State, the Provisions State, and it was influential in the development of the federal government of the United States. Connecticuts center of population is in Cheshire, New Haven County, Connecticuts first European settlers were Dutch. They established a small, short-lived settlement in present-day Hartford at the confluence of the Park, initially, half of Connecticut was a part of the Dutch colony New Netherland, which included much of the land between the Connecticut and Delaware rivers. The first major settlements were established in the 1630s by England, the Connecticut and New Haven Colonies established documents of Fundamental Orders, considered the first constitutions in North America. In 1662, the three colonies were merged under a charter, making Connecticut a crown colony. This colony was one of the Thirteen Colonies that revolted against British rule in the American Revolution, the Connecticut River, Thames River, and ports along the Long Island Sound have given Connecticut a strong maritime tradition which continues today. The state also has a history of hosting the financial services industry, including insurance companies in Hartford. As of the 2010 Census, Connecticut features the highest per-capita income, Human Development Index, and median household income in the United States. Landmarks and Cities of Connecticut Connecticut is bordered on the south by Long Island Sound, on the west by New York, on the north by Massachusetts, and on the east by Rhode Island. The state capital and third largest city is Hartford, and other cities and towns include Bridgeport, New Haven, Stamford, Waterbury, Norwalk, Danbury, New Britain, Greenwich. Connecticut is slightly larger than the country of Montenegro, there are 169 incorporated towns in Connecticut. The highest peak in Connecticut is Bear Mountain in Salisbury in the northwest corner of the state, the highest point is just east of where Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New York meet, on the southern slope of Mount Frissell, whose peak lies nearby in Massachusetts. At the opposite extreme, many of the towns have areas that are less than 20 feet above sea level. Connecticut has a maritime history and a reputation based on that history—yet the state has no direct oceanfront
3.
Wittenberg University
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Wittenberg University is a private four-year liberal arts college in Springfield, Ohio, US serving 2,000 full-time students representing 37 states and approximately 30 foreign countries. A German American pastor of the Evangelical Lutheran Church, the Rev. Ezra Keller was the principal founder and its initial focus was to train clergy with the Hamma School of Divinity as its theological department. One of its missions was to Americanize Lutherans by teaching courses in the English language instead of German, unlike the nearby Capital University in Columbus. The first class consisted of eight students at the beginning of the academic year. With a faculty of one professor and two tutors, classes were held in Springfield, Ohio in a church on land that was donated, in 1874, women were admitted to the college, and, the following year, blacks were admitted. For decades, Hamma and Wittenberg in Springfield were associated with the local English-speaking regional synods in the Midwest, in 1978, Hamma Divinity School merged with the nearby Evangelical Lutheran Theological Seminary in the Bexley suburb of the state capital of Columbus, Ohio, associated with Capital University. Ezra Keller Samuel Sprecher John B, eight pre-professional programs are offered to students,70 percent of whom eventually pursue graduate studies. The Universitys science facilities are housed in the Barbara Deer Kuss Science Center, krieg Hall is the home of the music department. Wittenbergs art department is housed in Koch Hall, Thomas Library contains 400,000 volumes and provides access to OhioLINK, a consortium of Ohio college and university libraries as well as the State Library of Ohio. The library houses the Kemper Special Collection Area which contains the Luther-Reformation Collection with more than 400 items written by Martin Luther, the library was built 1956 to the designs of Thomas Norman Mansell of Mansell, Lewis & Fugate of Wynnewood, Pennsylvania. In that instance, the Wittenberg administration overruled the faculty personnel boards authority and asserted its right to deny tenure for reasons beyond teaching, research, the current administration makes no such assertion. In 2010, the journal Princeton Review ranked Wittenberg 11th in the nation for Best Classroom Experience, in addition, Princeton Review ranked the colleges campus the 18th most beautiful in the nation in 2009. The University also has top programs in Communication, the communication program was named by the National Communication Association as the Nations Best Program. Along with that Wittenberg University has been named one of only 23 institutions in the nation by the Fiske Guide to Colleges for Small Colleges and Universities Strong in Drama, the elite ranking, places Wittenberg alongside such schools as Juilliard, Vassar, Oberlin, Otterbein and Princeton. In the last 10 years, Wittenberg faculty members have won 16 Fulbright Awards, chronicle of Higher Education says the University is one of 11 bachelor’s programs with more than two professors doing research under Fulbright auspices. Wittenberg professors have won seven Ohio Professor of the Year Awards since the award was established in 1981, Blair Hall is where the education department is housed for the university. Undergraduates and Graduate students take classes in this if they are planning to pursue to become a teacher. The Springfield-Wittenberg Teacher Institute and Upward Bound are both housed in Blair, the business and sociology departmental building
4.
Hollins University
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Hollins University is a four-year private institution of higher education located on a 475-acre campus on the border of Roanoke and Botetourt counties in the U. S. state of Virginia. Founded in 1842 as Valley Union Seminary in the settlement of Botetourt Springs. Hollins has since evolved into a university with approximately 800 enrolled undergraduate and graduate students. As Virginias first chartered womens college, all programs are female-only. Men are admitted to the graduate-level programs, the Hollins College Quadrangle consists of six contributing buildings. The earliest buildings were built for the Botetourt Springs resort which operated from 1820 to 1841, the first built specifically for the college is East Building, erected 1856–58 opposite the hotel building. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974, the institution of higher learning that would become Hollins was first established in 1842 by the Reverend Joshua Bradley as the coeducational Valley Union Seminary. Bradley left in 1845 for Missouri, and in 1846, the trustees hired a twenty-five-year-old math instructor from Richmond named Charles Lewis Cocke to direct the institution. Cocke arrived with his wife, Susanna, and sixteen slaves, the same year, Cocke established the first school for enslaved people in the Roanoke area, many students at the school worked at the seminary. In 1851, Cocke abolished the department of the institution, and in 1852. In 1855, Lynchburg residents John and Ann Halsey Hollins gave $5,000, the Hollinses gave an additional $12,500 in gifts before their deaths in 1859 and 1864 respectively. As the head of Hollins, Cocke saw his students as a part of a family and his pedagogy was based upon the southern sensibility that a lady was to be trained to submit to the order of men. Though he thought women studying at Hollins were best confined to domestic duties, Hollins was known as a rigorous institution where degrees were not easily earned during Cockes tenure. Students at the school during this period remember the unbelieveably serious instruction, the Hollins of Cockes ambitions was limited by region, as Cocke was interested in educating women only from Southern states. Because of this scope, Hollins struggled to professionalize in the 1880s. Its remote location far from the respected and funded mens institutions put Hollins in contrast with the Seven Sisters in the Northeast. Despite its academic rigor, Hollins and other womens colleges were smaller and poorer than womens college such as Smith College. However, Hollins saw its enrollment rise in the last two decades of the 19th century, as women sought higher education nationwide
5.
Sweet Briar College
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Sweet Briar College is a womens liberal arts college in Sweet Briar, Virginia, United States, about 12 miles north of Lynchburg. The college is on 3,250 acres in the foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains, on the estate of the colleges founder. Sweet Briar was established in 1901 as the Sweet Briar Institute, on March 3,2015, Sweet Briars board of directors announced that the college would be closing at the end of the summer session, citing insurmountable financial challenges. In response, a group of concerned alumnae and friends of the college formed an organization, Saving Sweet Briar. Saving Sweet Briar, students, parents and alumnae, faculty and staff, on June 20,2015, the Virginia Attorney General announced a mediation agreement to keep Sweet Briar College open. After replacing the board and president, the college rescinded the closing announcement, the college is named after the former plantation of Elijah Fletcher and his descendants. Fletcher was a 19th-century teacher, businessman and mayor of Lynchburg and he married Maria Antoinette Crawford in 1813, and purchased the Sweet Briar plantation property from her aunt and uncle. The plantation was known as Locust Ridge, Crawford supposedly renamed it Sweet Briar after the roses which grew on the land. Their daughter, Indiana Fletcher, was born in 1828 in Lynchburg, Indiana attended the Georgetown Visitation Preparatory School, Doane Academy, and later toured Europe with her brother and sister. She met James Henry Williams, a student at Union Theological Seminary in 1858 and their daughter, Maria Georgiana Daisy Williams, was born in 1867. At Elijah Fletchers death, Indiana inherited the plantation, James Williams gave up his initial career as a clergyman to maintain the property. Daisy Williams died at the age of 16 in 1884, both James and Indiana Fletcher-Williams were devastated at her death, and James expressed a wish in his own will that a school might be established in honor of Daisy. William died in 1889, leaving his estate to his wife. When Indiana died in 1900, she bequeathed Sweet Briar plantation to become a school for young women, by his death in 1858, Elijah Fletcher owned over 110 slaves. Some descendants of the owned by the family still work at the college. The will stated that the land of Sweet Briar plantation must be used as a school or seminary to be known as the Sweet Briar institute, for the education of white girls and young women. In 1906, Sweet Briar College officially opened with 51 students, in 1932, Sweet Briars study abroad exchange program with the University of St. Andrews, Scotland, was established. In 1948, the renowned Junior Year in France program was launched, followed by a number of study abroad programs
6.
National Collegiate Athletic Association
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The National Collegiate Athletic Association is a non-profit association which regulates athletes of 1,281 institutions, conferences, organizations, and individuals. It also organizes the programs of many colleges and universities in the United States and Canada. The organization is headquartered in Indianapolis, Indiana, in 2014, the NCAA generated almost a billion dollars in revenue. 80 to 90% of this revenue was due to the Division I Mens Basketball Tournament and this revenue is then distributed back into various organizations and institutions across the United States. In August 1973, the current three-division setup of Division I, Division II, under NCAA rules, Division I and Division II schools can offer scholarships to athletes for playing a sport. Division III schools may not offer any athletic scholarships, generally, larger schools compete in Division I and smaller schools in II and III. Division I football was divided into I-A and I-AA in 1978. Subsequently, the term Division I-AAA was briefly added to delineate Division I schools which do not field a football program at all, in 2006, Divisions I-A and I-AA were respectively renamed the Football Bowl Subdivision and Football Championship Subdivision. Inter-collegiate sports began in the US in 1852 when crews from Harvard University, as other sports emerged, notably football and basketball, many of these same concepts and standards were adopted. Football, in particular, began to emerge as a marquee sport, the IAAUS was officially established on March 31,1906, and took its present name, the NCAA, in 1910. For several years, the NCAA was a group and rules-making body, but in 1921, the first NCAA national championship was conducted. Gradually, more rules committees were formed and more championships were created, a series of crises brought the NCAA to a crossroads after World War II. The Sanity Code – adopted to establish guidelines for recruiting and financial aid – failed to curb abuses, postseason football games were multiplying with little control, and member schools were increasingly concerned about how the new medium of television would affect football attendance. The complexity of problems and the growth in membership and championships demonstrated the need for full-time professional leadership. Walter Byers, previously an executive assistant, was named executive director in 1951. Byers wasted no time placing his stamp on the Association, as college athletics grew, the scope of the nations athletics programs diverged, forcing the NCAA to create a structure that recognized varying levels of emphasis. In 1973, the Associations membership was divided into three legislative and competitive divisions – I, II, and III, five years later in 1978, Division I members voted to create subdivisions I-A and I-AA in football. Until the 1980s, the association did not offer womens athletics, instead, the Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women, with nearly 1000 member schools, governed womens collegiate sports in the United States
7.
Springfield, Ohio
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Springfield is a city in the U. S. state of Ohio and the county seat of Clark County. The municipality is located in southwestern Ohio and is situated on the Mad River, Buck Creek and Beaver Creek, Springfield is home to Wittenberg University, a liberal arts college. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 60,608. The Springfield Metropolitan Statistical Area had a population of 138,333 residents, and the Dayton-Springfield-Greenville, OH Combined Statistical Area had 1,072,891 residents. In 1983, Newsweek featured Springfield in its 50th anniversary issue, entitled and it chronicled the impact of the past 50 years on five local families. In 2004, Springfield was chosen as an All-America City, in 2010, Springfield ranked third worst in a national wellbeing survey conducted by The Gallup Organization. In 2011, Springfield was named the unhappiest city in America by another Gallup survey. In 2015, Springfield was founded by James Demint, a former teamster from Kentucky, in 1801. Dayton and Eaton wanted the road to veer south after Springfield, during the mid-and-late 19th century, Springfield was dominated by industrialists including Oliver S. Kelly, Asa S. Bushnell, James Leffel, P. P. Asa S. Bushnell built the Springfield, Ohio Bushnell Building where the patent attorney to the Wright Brothers, Harry Aubrey Toulmin, to promote the products of his agricultural equipment company, P. P. Mast started the Farm and Fireside magazine, mast’s publishing company – Mast, Crowell, and Kirkpatrick – grew to become Crowell-Collier Publishing Company best known for Colliers Weekly. In 1894, The Kelly Springfield Tire Company was founded, at the turn of the 20th century Springfield became known as the Home City. Several lodges including the Masonic Lodge, Knights of Pythias and Odd Fellows built homes for orphans, Springfield also became known as The Champion City. A reference to the Champion Farm Equipment brand manufactured by the Warder, Bushnell & Glessner Company, International remains in Springfield as Navistar International, a producer of medium to large trucks. In 1902 A. B. Graham, then the superintendent of schools for Springfield Township in Clark County, established a Boys and Girls Agricultural Club. Approximately 85 children from 10 to 15 years of age attended the first meeting on January 15,1902 in Springfield, Ohio and this was the start of what would be called the 4-H Club within a few years, quickly growing to a nationwide organization. The first projects included food preservation, gardening and elementary agriculture, today, the Courthouse still bears a large 4H symbol under the flag pole at the front of the building to commemorate its part in founding the organization. The Clark County Fair is the second largest fair in the state in part to 4H still remaining very popular in the area. On March 7,1904, over a thousand residents formed a mob, stormed the jail and removed prisoner Richard Dixon
8.
University of Bridgeport
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The University is fully accredited by the New England Association of Schools and Colleges. The University is known for its student population, currently ranking as the tenth most racially diverse national university in the country by U. S. News & World Report. The students of the University of Bridgeport are from 80 countries and 46 states, in 2010, the percentage of students graduating that had participated in an English as a foreign or second language program was one of the nations highest at 5%. The stately old Victorian homes on campus date from the late 1800s to early 1900s – many owned by family, Bill, and international students who wanted to attend college in the United States. Enrollment peaked at 9100 students in 1969, and an Ed. D. program in Educational Leadership was added in 1979, enrollment declined in the 1970s and 1980s after the waves of baby boom and Vietnam era veterans eligible for the G. I. By 1990, the university had cut tuition, room and board fees to $18,000 per year, more than a third of the 50 campus buildings were empty. To cut costs, the university decided to terminate 50 tenured faculty, in addition, the university decided to eliminate its Liberal Arts College, alienating many students. This led to the longest faculty strike in the history of American higher education, Dr. Greenwood, the president at the time, quit abruptly, and around 1,000 students left the school, contributing to the cash crisis. In 1990, discussion began about affiliating or possibly merging the university with either the University of New Haven or Sacred Heart University, problems continued to plague the University, enrollment fell to 1,300 in 1991. Debt rose to over $22 million in 1991–92, there were other universities willing to take over the school, but were unwilling to take on its debt. The universitys charter required the trustees to enter serious negotiations. The PWPA invested $50.5 million in the university on May 30,1992, a two-year faculty strike, started in the midst of the universitys financial troubles, intensified when the trustees gave control to the PWPA. Eventually, sixty-six professors and librarians agreed to a divorce with the university in return for compensation of up to a years salary, in a similar move, the Law School decided to cut ties with the university, separating from it. In order for the law school to open it had to merge with a financially sound university. The law school faculty and students voted to merge with Quinnipiac University, after the PWPA assumed control of the university, the trustees retained the president at the time, Dr. Edwin G. Eigel, Jr. Eigel served as president until 1995. He was succeeded by distinguished professor and former PWPA president Dr. Richard L. Rubenstein, neil Albert Salonen, a member of the Unification Church, was the Chairman of the Universitys Board of Trustees when he was chosen to serve as ninth University president in 1999. Since 2003 the University has been independent from PWPA after having received funding from the PWPA from 1992 until 2002. Enrollment has grown dramatically in recent years, from 1,383 total students in 1992 to 5,323 students in fall 2008, in 1991, the school added a Chiropractic Program, the first university-affiliated program of its kind in the U. S
9.
Greensboro College
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It was founded in 1838 by Rev. Peter Doub. The college enrolls about 1,000 students from 32 states, the first college to open its doors within the town of Greensboro was the womans college, Greensboro Female College. The school occupied a 25-acre campus near the heart of the city within what would become the College Hill Historic District, the institution had its origin in 1833, when the Greensboro Female College was organized as an institution for local children. It was the intent of the Rev. Peter Doub that the institution grow to serve women, through the Methodist Church, a charter was secured in 1838, an event which makes the college one of the oldest institutions of higher education for women in the United States. The college became coeducational in the late 1950s, the cornerstone of the first building was laid in 1843, and in 1846 the institution opened its doors to students. Young women came from southern states to become the first classes of the new president, the Rev. Solomon Lea. The academic calendar consists of two semesters and a summer-school session, full-time undergraduates must carry a minimum academic load of 12 credit hours per semester. The college offers four degrees, Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Business Administration, Bachelor of Music. Students seeking secondary licensure must select one or more academic majors from the following, English, mathematics, biology, secondary comprehensive science education, student Activities, Students take an active role in planning and implementing campus activities. Programs from diverse traditions and a variety of student organizations offer students, faculty, and staff the opportunity to worship, study, serve, a distinct feature of the College’s location is that we share a common zip code,27401, thus, the name Village 401. Campus Life, Co-curricular involvement and leadership in activities are valuable supplements to classroom learning, Students take an active role in planning and implementing campus activities. Campus Life is one of the organizations that sponsor a variety of social events such as bands, comedians, trips, movies, Homecoming, formal dances. Students are encouraged to take a role in the community standards process while living in the residence halls. The Prides athletic program competes in the NCAAs Division III and the USA South Athletic Conference, mens sports include baseball, basketball, football, golf, lacrosse, soccer, swimming, wrestling and tennis. Womens sports include basketball, golf, lacrosse, soccer, softball, swimming, tennis, the mens golf team has twice won the Division III national championship, in 2000 and 2011. The mens soccer team was NCAA Division III runner-up in 1989 when they lost 2-0 to Elizabethtown College, as of the beginning of the 2011-2012 school year,77 Pride student-athletes had been named All-Americans and 26 had been named Academic All-Americans. Greensboro College Middle College is a school program on the campus of Greensboro College located in Greensboro. It schools the 11th and 12th grades, and allows students to finish their school career while earning college credit
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