Randomness
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In common usage, randomness is the apparent or actual lack of definite patterns or predictability in information. A random sequence of events, symbols or steps often has no order and does not follow a
Ancient fresco of dice players in Pompei
The ball in a roulette can be used as a source of apparent randomness, because its behavior is very sensitive to the initial conditions.
Chaos theory
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Chaos theory is a branch of mathematics and an interdisciplinary area of scientific study. It focuses on underlying patterns and deterministic laws of dynamical systems that are highly sensitive to in
Randomness
…Algorithmic probability Chaos theory Cryptography…
The Lorenz attractor displays chaotic behavior. These two plots demonstrate sensitive dependence on initial conditions within the region of phase space occupied by the attractor.
Turbulence in the tip vortex from an airplane wing. Studies of the critical point beyond which a system creates turbulence were important for chaos theory, analyzed for example by the Soviet physicist Lev Landau, who developed the Landau-Hopf theory of turbulence. David Ruelle and Floris Takens later predicted, against Landau, that fluid turbulence could develop through a strange attractor, a main concept of chaos theory.
A Conus textile shell, similar in appearance to Rule 30, a cellular automaton with chaotic behaviour