1.
Rapid Rail
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These rapid transit systems were run under the own brand name of Rapid KL. Along with the KTM Komuter lines, owned and operated by Keretapi Tanah Melayu Berhad, and the Express Rail Link airport lines, the network comprises 80 stations with 100.1 kilometres of route among the three lines. The two LRT Lines operate on standard gauge rail, while the KL Monorail operates on an ALWEG straddle beam. Train services operate from 6.00 a. m and typically end before midnight daily, the Ampang and Kelana Jaya lines were constructed and initially operated by different owners, Sistem Transit Aliran Ringan Sdn. Bhd. for the Ampang Line starting in 1995, and Projek Usahasama Transit Ringan Automatik for the Kelana Jaya Line starting in 1998. In 2004, operational aspects of the two LRT lines were transferred to Rapid Rail Sdn Bhd under the phase of the restructuring process of Kuala Lumpurs public transportation network. The KL Monorail was initially owned and operated by KL Infrastructure Group, from 2003 until 2007, as a result, Prasarana purchased the monorail and gave operating rights to their subsidiary Rapid Rail Sdn Bhd. Many were sceptical over its implementation, especially when financing was a major question, the system - covering 18 stations between Petaling Jaya and Sentul - was targeted for implementation in 1984 and completion in 1988. Unfortunately, the project did not take off, but the idea for electric commuting did not die there. The KTM Komuter, which began operations in August 1995, is probably the closest system to the one proposed by the Belgian consortium as it uses overhead catenaries. Rapid Rail implements an automatic collection system with stored value tickets. Tickets can be purchased either from vending machines or at station counters found at all LRT stations. Turnstiles are located at the entrances to train platforms, Rail fares range from RM0.70 to RM2.80 depending on the distance travelled by commuters along the network. Table with fares from 0.70 to 5.10, Touch n Go stored value cards are also accepted at fare gates on the Rapid Rail network as well as the Rapid Bus network, the KL Monorail route and the KTM Komuter system to improve integration. Touch n Go cards are available at all LRT stations for a RM10 deposit, the Touch n Go system is also used in the production of Rapids monthly passes, called Rapidpass. These passes can be purchased by frequent users of the Rapid rail and bus networks, LRT Rapidpass are valid only on the LRT network and they cost RM100 each while Integrated Rapidpass, which are valid on both the LRT and bus networks, cost RM150 each. Rapidpass Pelajar is a variant of the conventional Rapidpass that can be purchased by students for a 50% discount, the concessionary fares range from RM0.30 to RM1.40. On 14 June 2011, Prasana announced that a new ticketing system will be introduced in July with full integration made by 30 November 2011, the new ticketing system will finally combine all rail systems in Klang Valley under one roof with the exception of KTM Komuter
2.
Rapid Bus
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Rapid Bus Sdn Bhd is the largest bus operator in Malaysia operating mainly in urban areas of Klang Valley, Penang & Kuantan. As of 2011, Rapid KL service brands unit of Rapid Bus, has operates 167 routes with 1,400 buses covering 980 residential areas with a ridership of about 400,000 per day. Rapid Bus routes were operated by Intrakota Komposit Sdn Bhd, a subsidiary of DRB-Hicom Berhad, and Cityliner Sdn Bhd. When it took over, there were 179 routes, since January 2006, Rapid KL has redrawn the entire network. Rapid Bus is however not the bus operator in Kuala Lumpur. Other bus operators such as Metrobus, Len Seng Omnibus Co Ltd. Ltd also serve the Klang Valley. In October 2003, Prasarana Malaysia Berhad bought over Intrakota Komposit and it also paid RM14mil cash for the 364 buses belonging to Cityliner. The original companies were appointed interim operators, Rapid Bus began the first phase of the revamp of its bus network in January 2006 by introducing 15 City Shuttle bus routes which serve major areas in the central business district of Kuala Lumpur. The buses run between four hubs at the edge of the business district, namely KL Sentral, Titiwangsa, KLCC and Maluri. These bus hubs also serve as rail interchanges, with the exception of Medan Pasar, in March 2006, Rapid Bus revamped the bus network serving Kepong, Selayang, Gombak, Batu Caves, Bandar Sri Damansara and Bandar Manjalara areas which it called Area 2. The areas are now service by four Trunk Routes and 35 Local Shuttle routes when fully implemented, the four trunk routes all begin from the Titiwangsa hub where passengers can change to City Shuttles. At the other end, the routes serve regional hubs where Local Shuttles fan out into the residential suburbs. On 30 April 2006, the bus network in Area 3 covering Setapak, Ulu Kelang, Wangsa Maju, Keramat, Ampang, three trunk bus routes serve this area, one from Titiwangsa and two from KLCC while 26 local shuttle routes complete the network for this area. On 1 July 2006, two services, four trunk lines and 32 local services were introduced in Area 4. It covers areas including Cheras, Serdang, Kajang, Balakong, Putrajaya, Cyberjaya and this revamp saw the routes being adjusted, extended, merged or discontinued. Rapid KL, a unit of Rapid Bus currently the largest operator stage bus services in Klang Valley, Rapid Penang, a unit of Rapid Bus currently the only one operator in Penang island & largest operator stage bus services in Penang northern state of Malaysia. Rapid Kuantan, a unit of Rapid Bus currently the largest stage bus services in Kuantan, Rapid Kamunting, the stage bus service at Kamunting & Taiping, Perak. Go KL City Bus, one of the operator for bus service funded by Land Public Transport Commission
3.
Prasarana Malaysia
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It is one of the largest public-transport companies in Malaysia other than Konsortium Transnasional Berhad. As a government-owned company since 1998, it operates stage bus, Rapid Passport is pre-paid ticket to 7 days unlimited bus travel for Rapid Penang bus services. Prasaranas primary business is providing services in Malaysia. As reflected by their names, Rapid Penang operates in the island of Penang and Butterworth, Rapid Kuantan, which commenced operations on 1 December 2012, currently services a total of 12 routes around the state capital of Pahang. Rapid Rail Sdn Bhd – operates the operational 60 stations along the Ampang LRT, awarded as shadow operator of Al Mashaaer Al Mugaddassah Metro Southern Line since November 2014 for 3 years contract. GGICO is example of the first project in the world to start the similar program and this step has been followed by Vodafone–Sol and Atlantic Avenue–Barclays Center. According to the source of Prasarana Malaysia, the name of the station is fixed to indicate the location of the station. KL Gateway is the redevelopment of Kampung Kerinchi into premium residential, shopping mall & office tower by Suez Capital. The LRT3 project currently under construction is Bandar Utama-Klang Line which will cover the area of Klang Valley. Prasarana is still in the phase to extend their stage bus service to all Malaysian city states to improve public transport across the country. The one and only first of its kind Bus rapid transit project in Malaysia is BRT Sunway Line, the Government has set up a dedicated unit focused solely on Klang Valley Mass Rapid Transit project namely Mass Rapid Transit Corporation Sdn Bhd. The MRT Corp is a management and technical team comprising experts in mass rail projects. The financial crisis of 1997/1998 aggravated the situation, the two companies owed a total of RM5. 7bil as at November 2001 when the governments Corporate Debt Restructuring Committee restructured the debts of the two LRT companies. The bus service in Kuala Lumpur was also facing problems with lower ridership because of an increase in car usage. The two new bus consortia which were formed in the mid-1990s to take over all bus services in Kuala Lumpur – Intrakota, with lower revenues, bus operators could not maintain their fleets, much less invest in more buses. Frequencies and service deteriorated as buses began breaking down, because of this, public transport usage in the Klang Valley area dropped to about 16% of total trips, one of the lowest in the Asian region. In 1998, Prasarana was incorporated to facilitate, coordinate, undertake and it took over the assets and operations of Star-LRT, Putra-LRT and Putraline feeder bus services in September 2002, changing the name Star-LRT to Starline and Putra-LRT to Putraline. In 2003, Prasarana entered into agreements with Intrakota and Cityliner for the purchase of buses, the purchase was completed in 2004
4.
Rail transport
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Rail transport is a means of conveyance of passengers and goods on wheeled vehicles running on rails, also known as tracks. It is also referred to as train transport. In contrast to road transport, where vehicles run on a flat surface. Tracks usually consist of rails, installed on ties and ballast, on which the rolling stock, usually fitted with metal wheels. Other variations are possible, such as slab track, where the rails are fastened to a concrete foundation resting on a prepared subsurface. Rolling stock in a transport system generally encounters lower frictional resistance than road vehicles, so passenger. The operation is carried out by a company, providing transport between train stations or freight customer facilities. Power is provided by locomotives which either draw electric power from a railway system or produce their own power. Most tracks are accompanied by a signalling system, Railways are a safe land transport system when compared to other forms of transport. The oldest, man-hauled railways date back to the 6th century BC, with Periander, one of the Seven Sages of Greece, Rail transport blossomed after the British development of the steam locomotive as a viable source of power in the 19th centuries. With steam engines, one could construct mainline railways, which were a key component of the Industrial Revolution, also, railways reduced the costs of shipping, and allowed for fewer lost goods, compared with water transport, which faced occasional sinking of ships. The change from canals to railways allowed for markets in which prices varied very little from city to city. In the 1880s, electrified trains were introduced, and also the first tramways, starting during the 1940s, the non-electrified railways in most countries had their steam locomotives replaced by diesel-electric locomotives, with the process being almost complete by 2000. During the 1960s, electrified high-speed railway systems were introduced in Japan, other forms of guided ground transport outside the traditional railway definitions, such as monorail or maglev, have been tried but have seen limited use. The history of the growth, decline and restoration to use of transport can be divided up into several discrete periods defined by the principal means of motive power used. The earliest evidence of a railway was a 6-kilometre Diolkos wagonway, trucks pushed by slaves ran in grooves in limestone, which provided the track element. The Diolkos operated for over 600 years, Railways began reappearing in Europe after the Dark Ages. The earliest known record of a railway in Europe from this period is a window in the Minster of Freiburg im Breisgau in Germany
5.
Rapid transit
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Rapid transit, also known as heavy rail, metro, subway, tube, or underground, is a type of high-capacity public transport generally found in urban areas. The stations typically have high platforms, without steps inside the trains and they are typically integrated with other public transport and often operated by the same public transport authorities. However, some transit systems have at-grade intersections between a rapid transit line and a road or between two rapid transit lines. It is unchallenged in its ability to transport large numbers of people quickly over short distances with little use of land, variations of rapid transit include people movers, small-scale light metro, and the commuter rail hybrid S-Bahn. The worlds first rapid-transit system was the partially underground Metropolitan Railway which opened as a railway in 1863. In 1868, New York opened the elevated West Side and Yonkers Patent Railway, china has the largest number of rapid transit systems in the world. The worlds longest single-operator rapid transit system by length is the Shanghai Metro. The worlds largest single rapid transit service provider by both length of revenue track (665 miles and number of stations is the New York City Subway. The busiest rapid transit systems in the world by annual ridership are the Tokyo subway system, the Seoul Metropolitan Subway, the Moscow Metro, the Beijing Subway, Metro is the most common term for underground rapid transit systems used by non-native English speakers. One of these terms may apply to a system, even if a large part of the network runs at ground level. In Scotland, however, the Glasgow Subway underground rapid transit system is known as the Subway, in the US, underground mass transit systems are primarily known as subways, whereas the term metro is a shortened reference to a metropolitan area. In that vein, Chicagos commuter rail system, serving the area, is called Metra. Exceptions in naming rapid transit systems are Washington DCs subway system the Washington Metro, Los Angeles Metro Rail, and the Miami Metrorail, the opening of Londons steam-hauled Metropolitan Railway in 1863 marked the beginning of rapid transit. Initial experiences with steam engines, despite ventilation, were unpleasant, experiments with pneumatic railways failed in their extended adoption by cities. Electric traction was more efficient, faster and cleaner than steam, in 1890 the City & South London Railway was the first electric-traction rapid transit railway, which was also fully underground. Both railways were merged into London Underground. The 1893 Liverpool Overhead Railway was designed to use electric traction from the outset, budapest in Hungary and Glasgow, Chicago and New York all converted or purpose-designed and built electric rail services. Advancements in technology have allowed new automated services, hybrid solutions have also evolved, such as tram-train and premetro, which incorporate some of the features of rapid transit systems
6.
Monorail
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A monorail is a railway in which the track consists of a single rail. The term is used to describe the beam of the system. Colloquially, the monorail is often used to describe any form of elevated rail or people mover. More accurately, the term refers to the style of track, not its elevation, with Mono meaning one, monorails have found applications in airport transfer and medium capacity metros. To differentiate monorails from other modes, the Monorail Society says “Monorail n. A single rail serving as a track for passenger or freight vehicles, in most cases rail is elevated, but monorails can also run at grade, below grade or in subway tunnels. Vehicles either are suspended from or straddle a narrow guide way. Monorail vehicles are wider than the way that supports them. ”Monorails are often elevated, sometimes leading to confusion with other elevated systems such as the Docklands Light Railway, Vancouver SkyTrain and the AirTrain JFK. Monorail vehicles often appear similar to light vehicles, and can be staffed or unstaffed. They can be individual rigid vehicles, articulated single units, or multiple units coupled into trains, unlike some trams and light rail systems, modern monorails are always separated from other traffic and pedestrians. From the passengers perspective, monorails can have advantages over trains, buses. As with other grade-separated transit systems, monorails avoid red lights, intersection turns, as with other elevated transit systems, monorail passengers enjoy sunlight and views and by watching for familiar landmarks, they can know better when to get off to reach their destinations. As with other systems, expensive and noisy ventilation systems are not necessary if the cars have traditional windows that can be opened by passengers, monorails can be quieter than diesel buses and trains. They obtain electricity from the structure, eliminating costly and unsightly overhead power lines and poles. Compared to the train systems of New York, Chicago and elsewhere. See Chicago L Under the Monorail Society beam width criterion, some but not all systems are considered monorails, such as the Transrapid. Maglevs differ from other monorails in that they do not physically contact the beam, the first monorail prototype was made in Russia in 1820 by Ivan Elmanov. Attempts at creating monorail alternatives to conventional railways have been made since the part of the 19th century
7.
Bus
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A bus is a road vehicle designed to carry many passengers. Buses can have a capacity as high as 300 passengers, many types of buses, such as city transit buses and inter-city coaches, charge a fare. Other types, such as elementary or secondary school buses or shuttle buses within a post-secondary education campus do not charge a fare, in many jurisdictions, bus drivers require a special licence above and beyond a regular drivers licence. Horse-drawn buses were used from the 1820s, followed by steam buses in the 1830s, the first internal combustion engine buses, or motor buses, were used in 1895. Recently, interest has been growing in hybrid electric buses, fuel cell buses, as of the 2010s, bus manufacturing is increasingly globalised, with the same designs appearing around the world. Bus is a form of the Latin word omnibus. The first horse-drawn omnibus service was started by a businessman named Stanislas Baudry in the French city of Nantes in 1823, Nantes citizens soon gave the nickname omnibus to the vehicle. The omnibus in Nantes was a success and Baudry moved to Paris, a similar service was introduced in London in 1829. The first mechanically propelled omnibus appeared on the streets of London on 22 April 1833, in parallel to the development of the bus was the invention of the electric trolleybus, typically fed through trolley poles by overhead wires. The Siemens brothers, William in England and Ernst Werner in Germany, sir William first proposed the idea in an article to the Journal of the Society of Arts in 1881 as an. arrangement by which an ordinary omnibus. The first such vehicle, the Electromote, was made by his brother Dr. Ernst Werner von Siemens and presented to the public in 1882 in Halensee, Germany. Although this experimental vehicle fulfilled all the criteria of a typical trolleybus. Max Schiemann opened a trolleybus in 1901 near Dresden, in Germany. Although this system operated only until 1904, Schiemann had developed what is now the standard trolleybus current collection system, in the early days, a few other methods of current collection were used. Leeds and Bradford became the first cities to put trolleybuses into service in Great Britain on 20 June 1911, in Siegerland, Germany, two passenger bus lines ran briefly, but unprofitably, in 1895 using a six-passenger motor carriage developed from the 1893 Benz Viktoria. Another commercial bus line using the same model Benz omnibuses ran for a time in 1898 in the rural area around Llandudno. Daimler also produced one of the earliest motor-bus models in 1898, the vehicle had a maximum speed of 18 kph and accommodated up to 20 passengers, in an enclosed area below and on an open-air platform above. With the success and popularity of bus, Daimler expanded production, selling more buses to companies in London and, in 1899, to Stockholm
8.
Bus rapid transit
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Bus rapid transit is a bus-based public transport system designed to improve capacity and reliability relative to a conventional bus system. BRT aims to combine the capacity and speed of a metro with the flexibility, lower cost, the first BRT system was the Rede Integrada de Transporte in Curitiba, Brazil, which entered service in 1974. This inspired many similar systems around Brazil and the world, such as TransMilenio in Bogotá, Colombia, as of November 2016, a total of 207 cities in six continents have implemented BRT systems, accounting for 5,468 km of BRT lanes. The Latin American countries with the most daily ridership are Brazil, Colombia, in the other regions, China and Iran also stand out. Currently, TransJakarta considered as the longest BRT route in the world with approximately 210 kilometres length connecting the Indonesian capital city, BRT uses buses on a wide variety of rights-of-way, including mixed traffic, dedicated lanes on surface streets, and busways separated from traffic. Critics have charged that the bus rapid transit has sometimes been misapplied to systems that lack most or all the essential features which differentiate it from conventional bus services. The first BRT system in the world was the Rede Integrada de Transporte, implemented in Curitiba, Brazil, most of the elements that have become associated with BRT were innovations first suggested by Curitiba Mayor Architect Jaime Lerner. Other systems made further innovations, including platooning in Porto Alegre, in the United States, BRT began in 1977, with Pittsburghs South Busway, operating on 4.3 miles of exclusive lanes. Its success led to the Martin Luther King Jr, east Busway in 1983, a fuller BRT deployment including a dedicated busway of 9.1 miles, traffic signal preemption, and peak service headway as low as two minutes. After the opening of the West Busway,5.1 miles in length in 1990, new Orleans ran buses on Canal Street in a dedicated right of way beginning in the 1960s. This style of service was maintained until 2004 when streetcar service was restored on this 4-mile route segment, in 1995, Quito, Ecuador, opened trolleybus BRT. The success of TransMilenio spurred other cities to develop high quality BRT systems, in January 2004 the first BRT in Asia, TransJakarta, opened in Jakarta, Indonesia. As of 2015, at 210 kilometres, it is the longest BRT system in the world, africas first BRT system was opened in Lagos, Nigeria, in March 2008 but is considered as a light BRT system by many people. Johannesburg’s BRT, Rea Vaya, was the first true BRT in Africa, in August 2009, Rea Vaya and MIO were the first two systems to combine full BRT with some services that also operated in mixed traffic, then joined the BRT trunk infrastructure. BRT systems normally include most of the features, Bus-only lanes make for faster travel. Separate rights of way may be elevated, in a cutting, or in a tunnel, Transit malls or bus streets may also be created in city centers. Centre of roadway or bus-only corridor keeps buses away from the busy curb-side, fare prepayment at the station, instead of on board the bus, eliminates the delay caused by passengers paying on board. Prohibiting turns for traffic across the bus lane significantly reduces delays to the buses, Bus priority will often be provided at signalized intersections to reduce delays by extending the green phase or reducing the red phase in the required direction compared to the normal sequence
9.
Ampang Line
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The LRT Ampang Line and LRT Sri Petaling Line are the third and fourth rail transit lines and the first semi automated rail system in the Klang Valley area. They are a part of the Greater KL/Klang Valley Integrated Transit System, the lines are numbered 3 and 4 and coloured orange & maroon respectively on the official transit map. The entire network is the first standard gauge rail system in Malaysia that commenced its service in 1996. Prior to July 2016, both rail lines were collectively known as Ampang Line. Prasarana Malaysia has introduced two new modes of operation via its subsidiary, Rapid Rail. The LRT Ampang Line begins at Ampang, while the LRT Sri Petaling Line currently begins at Putra Heights, both lines converge at Chan Sow Lin, the line leads to the north, both terminating at Sentul Timur. The section between Sultan Ismail and Sentul Timur opened on 6 December 1998. The passenger seating capacity is 168 seats per train, the route between Plaza Rakyat and Sentul Timur is an elevated railway, running along the Gombak River between Bandaraya and Titiwangsa. The system network includes 29 stations, eleven along the Sentul Timur as a common stations, and seven each along the LRT Ampang Line, the service depot and primary train depot is currently at Ampang. There is a temporary secondary train depot at Sri Petaling station, new depot at Kuala Sungai Baru has been build to support Ampang depot due to limited area for development and to cater new CSR Zhuzhou train. Unlike previous railway system in Malaysia, which were built to metre gauge, the Ampang depot stands on the site of the former Ampang railway station. Ridership on the line has been far below expectations, in 2002, STAR-LRT was taken over by the government-owned Syarikat Prasarana Negara Berhad. By 2003, the ridership had increased to 110,000, Chan Sow Lin is the interchange station between the two routes. The route that runs to Ampang station consists of seven stations running into East of Klang Valley, passengers to Sri Petaling should disembark at Chan Sow Lin station. But on July 17,2016, commuters no longer have to switch trains to Putra Heights, instead, passengers will also have to disembark at Chown Sow Lin from Sentul Timur to continue their journey to Ampang. Full service for the stations to Putra Heights started on 30 June 2016. Chan Sow Lin is a station between the two lines. The line that runs to Ampang station consists of seven stations running into East of Klang Valley, beginning from 1 December 2016, the new six-car AMY trains finally served the direct service from Ampang to Sentul Timur. This is possible due to the upgrading of the system, for the entire Ampang
10.
Track gauge
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In rail transport, track gauge is the spacing of the rails on a railway track and is measured between the inner faces of the load-bearing rails. All vehicles on a network must have running gear that is compatible with the track gauge, as the dominant parameter determining interoperability, it is still frequently used as a descriptor of a route or network. There is a distinction between the gauge and actual gauge at some locality, due to divergence of track components from the nominal. Railway engineers use a device, like a caliper, to measure the actual gauge, the nominal track gauge is the distance between the inner faces of the rails. In current practice, it is specified at a distance below the rail head as the inner faces of the rail head are not necessarily vertical. In some cases in the earliest days of railways, the company saw itself as an infrastructure provider only. Colloquially the wagons might be referred to as four-foot gauge wagons, say and this nominal value does not equate to the flange spacing, as some freedom is allowed for. An infrastructure manager might specify new or replacement track components at a variation from the nominal gauge for pragmatic reasons. Track is defined in old Imperial units or in universally accepted metric units or SI units, Imperial units were established in United Kingdom by The Weights and Measures Act of 1824. In addition, there are constraints, such as the load-carrying capacity of axles. Narrow gauge railways usually cost less to build because they are lighter in construction, using smaller cars and locomotives, as well as smaller bridges, smaller tunnels. Narrow gauge is often used in mountainous terrain, where the savings in civil engineering work can be substantial. Broader gauge railways are generally expensive to build and require wider curves. There is no single perfect gauge, because different environments and economic considerations come into play, a narrow gauge is superior if ones main considerations are economy and tight curvature. For direct, unimpeded routes with high traffic, a broad gauge may be preferable, the Standard, Russian, and 46 gauges are designed to strike a reasonable balance between these factors. In addition to the general trade-off, another important factor is standardization, once a standard has been chosen, and equipment, infrastructure, and training calibrated to that standard, conversion becomes difficult and expensive. This also makes it easier to adopt an existing standard than to invent a new one and this is true of many technologies, including railroad gauges. The reduced cost, greater efficiency, and greater economic opportunity offered by the use of a common standard explains why a number of gauges predominate worldwide
Bus transport in Malaysia
