1.
Greenwich Peninsula
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Greenwich Peninsula is an area of south-east London, England, located in the Royal Borough of Greenwich. The peninsula is bounded on three sides by a loop of the Thames, between the Isle of Dogs to the west and Silvertown to the east, to the south is the rest of Greenwich, to the south-east is Charlton. The peninsula lies within the Royal Borough of Greenwich and this should not be confused with North Greenwich on the Isle of Dogs, at the north side of a former ferry from Greenwich. The peninsulas northernmost point on the riverside is known as Blackwall Point, landmarks include The Dome and the southern end of the Blackwall Tunnel, but the area is now being substantially redeveloped with new homes, offices, schools, a college and parks. The peninsula was drained by Dutch engineers in the 16th century, in the 17th century, Blackwall Point gained notoriety as a location where pirates corpses were hung in cages as a deterrent to other would-be pirates. In the 1690s the Board of Ordnance established a magazine on the west side of the peninsula. Alongside the magazine was a wharf, a house and accommodation for the resident Storekeeper. By 1771 gunpowder was no longer stored at Greenwich, the peninsula was steadily industrialised from the early 19th century onwards. In 1857 a plan was presented to Parliament for a huge dock occupying much of the peninsula, connected to Greenwich Reach to the west and Bugsbys Reach to the east, but this came to nothing. Early industries included Henry Blakeleys Ordnance Works making heavy guns, with other sites making chemicals, submarine cables, iron boats, iron and steel. Henry Bessemer built a works in the early 1860s to supply the London shipbuilding industry. Later came oil mills, shipbuilding, boiler making, manufacture of Portland cement and linoleum, early in the 20th century came bronze manufacturers Delta Metals and works making asbestos and Molassine Meal animal feed. For over 100 years the peninsula was dominated by the gasworks which primarily produced town gas, the gasworks grew to 240 acres, the largest in Europe, also producing coke, tar and chemicals as important secondary products. The site had its own railway system connected to the main railway line near Charlton. There were two huge gas holders, of 8.6 and 12.2 million ft3, originally manufacturing gas from coal, the plant began to manufacture gas from oil in the 1960s. Its peak production of 400 million ft3 per day in the mid 1960s is believed to have been the largest of any site in the world. The discovery of gas reserves in the North Sea soon rendered the complex obsolete. On the eastern shore was Blackwall Point Power Station, the station from the 1890s was replaced in the 1950s by a new station which ceased operation about 1981
2.
Public university
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A public university is a university that is predominantly funded by public means through a national or subnational government, as opposed to private universities. Whether a national university is considered public varies from one country to another, in Egypt, Al-Azhar University opened in 975 AD as the second oldest university in the world. In Nigeria Public Universities can be established by both the Federal Government and by State Governments, students are enrolled after completing the 8-4-4 system of education and attaining a mark of C+ or above. They are also eligible for a low interest loan from the Higher Education Loan Board and they are expected to pay back the loan after completing higher education. South Africa has 23 public tertiary institutions, either categorised as a traditional university or a comprehensive university. Almost entire national universities in Brunei are public universities and these are major universities in Brunei, University of Brunei Darussalam Brunei Technological University Sultan Sharif Ali Islamic University There are 40 public universities in Bangladesh. The University Grant Commission is the body for all the public universities in Bangladesh. The universities do not deal directly with the government, but with the University Grants Commission, recently many private universities are established under the Private University Act of 1992. In mainland China, nearly all universities and research institutions are public and currently, the public universities are usually run by the provincial governments, there are also circumstances where the municipal governments administer the universities. Some public universities are national, which are administered by the central government. Private undergraduate colleges do exist, which are vocational colleges sponsored by private enterprises. The majority of universities are not entitled to award bachelors degrees. Public universities usually enjoy higher reputation domestically, eight institutions are funded by the University Grants Committee. The Academy for Performing Arts also receives funding from the government, the Open University of Hong Kong is also a public university, but it is largely self-financed. The Shue Yan University is the private institution with the status of a university. There are public and private institutes in Indonesia. The government provide public universities, institutes, high schools and academies in each province, the private educational institution usually provided by religious organizations, public organizations, and some big companies. In India, most universities and nearly all research institutions are public, There are some private undergraduate colleges, mostly engineering schools, but a majority of these are affiliated to public universities
3.
Chislehurst
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Chislehurst is an affluent suburban district in south east London, England and a part of the London Borough of Bromley. It borders the London Boroughs of Bexley and Greenwich, and lies east of Bromley and it is 10.5 miles south east of Charing Cross. The name Chislehurst is derived from the Saxon words cisel gravel, Camden Place takes its name from the antiquary William Camden, who lived in the former house on the site from c.1609 until his death in 1623. The present house was shortly before 1717, and was given a number of additions in the late 18th. In about 1760, the house and estate were bought by Charles Pratt, the Attorney General, Pratt was ennobled in 1765, taking the title Baron Camden, of Camden Place, in 1786 he was created Earl Camden. A later occupant of the house, from 1871 until his death there in 1873, was the exiled French Emperor and his body and that of the Prince Imperial were originally buried in St Marys Church, before being removed to St Michaels Abbey, Farnborough. The Emperors widow, the Empress Eugénie, remained at Camden Place until 1885, Chislehurst Common were saved from development in 1888 following campaigns by local residents. They were a destination for bank holiday trips in the early 20th century. Nearby Petts Wood, Hawkwood and Scadbury have also preserved as open spaces following local campaigns. The Chislehurst civil parish formed a district of Kent from 1894 to 1934. In 1934 it became part of the Chislehurst and Sidcup Urban District, Chislehurst is home to the Derwent House, designed by William Willett. A water tower used to straddle the road from Chislehurst to Bromley until it was demolished in 1963 as one of the last acts of the Chislehurst and Sidcup UDC. It marked the entrance to the Wythes Estate in Bickley, Chislehurst is regarded as an affluent area and one of the most expensive places to live in South East London. Chislehurst West may be found by going towards Mottingham and this includes the biggest of the ponds. Chislehurst West was previously known as Pricking and Prickend, a local attraction is Chislehurst Caves. The caves are considered to be of ancient origin. They were originally used to mine flint and chalk, during World War II, thousands of people used them nightly as an air raid shelter. One child was born in the caves during World War II, the caves have also been used as a venue for live music, Jimi Hendrix, the Who and the Rolling Stones have all played there
4.
University of Sussex
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The University of Sussex is a public research university situated in Falmer, near Brighton in Sussex. The university received its Royal Charter in August 1961, and was a member of the 1994 Group of research-intensive universities promoting excellence in research. Sussex counts three Nobel Prize winners,14 Fellows of the Royal Society, six Fellows of the British Academy, in the latest rankings, the university was placed 62nd in Europe and 140th in the world by the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2015–16. The Guardian University Guide 2016 placed Sussex 19th in the United Kingdom, the 2015 Academic Ranking of World Universities placed the university within the top 18-21 in the United Kingdom and in the top 151-200 internationally. The University was established as a company in 1959, with a Royal Charter being granted on 16 August 1961, the Universitys organisation broke new ground in seeing the campus divided into Schools of Study, with students able to benefit from a multidisciplinary teaching environment. Sussex came to be identified with student radicalism, in 1973 a mob of students physically prevented United States government adviser Samuel P. Huntington from giving a speech on campus, due to his involvement in the Vietnam War. In an attempt to appeal to an audience, the university chose in 2004 to cease using its coat of arms. The then Vice-Chancellor of the University described the new identity as the starting point for what will be a fresh look. It is based on the vision and values, themselves a statement of what it aspires to be, pioneering, creative, international, excellent. Sussex has been noted to have an attractive location, the university is situated in undulating parkland on the edge of Brighton, and the campus architecture itself has been praised. The campus is surrounded by the South Downs National Park, but relatively close to Brighton, Hove, the campus, designed by Sir Basil Spence, is in the village of Falmer, next to its railway station, and accessed by car from the A27 road. It is situated close to the South Downs, which influenced Spences design of the campus, the campus is self-contained with facilities and shops. Spences designs were appreciated in the community, with many of the buildings on the Universitys campus winning awards. The gatehouse-inspired Falmer House won a medal from the Royal Institute of British Architects. Another campus building, The Meeting House, won the Civic Trust award in 1969, Sussex laid claim to being the only English university located entirely within a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. It is now surrounded by the newly founded South Downs National Park. The Gardner Arts Centre, another of Basil Spences designs, was opened in 1969 as the first university campus arts centre. It had a 480-seat purpose built theatre, an art gallery and studio space and was regularly used for theatre
5.
City, University of London
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City, University of London is a public research university in London in the United Kingdom. Until 2016 it was the City University, London, or colloquially, just and it was founded in 1894 as the Northampton Institute and became a university when The City University, London, was created by royal charter in 1966. The Inns of Court School of Law, which merged with City in 2001, was established in 1852, on 1 September 2016, City joined the federal University of London, becoming part of the 18 Colleges and ten research institutes that make up the University. City, University of London, has its campus in the Islington area of central London, with additional campuses in the City of London. In 2015/16, City had an income of £217.5 million. In 2016, the university was ranked 27th in the Times Higher Educations Table of Tables which combines the results of three domestic league tables. Cass Business School is ranked 5th in the UK and top 40 in the world in the Financial Times 2017 Global MBA Rankings, City, University of London, is a member of the Association of MBAs, EQUIS and Universities UK. The institute was established to provide for the education and welfare of the local population, Northampton Polytechnic Institute was an institute of technology in Clerkenwell, London, founded in 1894. Alumni include Colin Cherry, Stuart Davies and Anthony Hunt, in 1937 Maurice Dennis of the was the 1937 ABA Middleweight Champion. Frederick Handley Page was a lecturer in aeronautics at the institute, the Handley Page Type A, the first powered aircraft designed and built by him, ended up as an instructional airframe at the school. The novelist Eric Ambler studied engineering at the institute, in 1903–04 a separate technical optics department was established. In 1909 the first students qualified for University of London BSc degrees in engineering as internal students, since 1909 the institute had been involved in aeronautics education, and in 2009 the School of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences celebrated the centenary of aeronautics at City. In 1908 the Institute was used for the Olympic Games, boxing took place at the Institute. The institute was designated a College of Advanced Technology in 1957, in 1961 the institutes involvement in information science began with the introduction of a course on Collecting and Communicating Scientific Knowledge. In 1966 City received its charter, becoming The City University to reflect the institutions close links with the City of London. In 1971 the Apollo 15 astronauts visited City and presented the Vice-Chancellor, Tait, the University formed a strategic alliance with Queen Mary, University of London, in April 2001. In May 2001, a fire in the college building gutted the fourth floor offices. In August 2001 City and the Inns of Court School of Law agreed to merge, following a donation from Sir John Casss Foundation, a multimillion-pound building was built at 106 Bunhill Row for the Cass Business School
6.
University of the Arts London
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University of the Arts London is Europes largest university based in London, England. It specialises in art, design, fashion and the performing arts, the university has its origins in seven previously independent art, design, fashion and media colleges, which were brought together for administrative purposes to form the London Institute in 1986. The colleges were established from the mid 19th century to the early 20th century. Under the Education Reform Act 1988, the London Institute became a legal entity. The first appointed Rector was John McKenzie, the London Institute was incorporated as a higher education body in 1991 and was later granted academic degree awarding powers in 1993 by the Privy Council. Will Wyatt was appointed Chairman of Governors during the same year, Sir William Stubbs was appointed the second Rector after the retirement of McKenzie in 1996. A coat of arms was granted to the London Institute in 1998, lord Stevenson was appointed the first chancellor in 2000. On the retirement of Sir William Stubbs, Sir Michael Bichard was appointed as Rector in 2001, the London Institute originally chose not to apply because its individual colleges were internationally recognised in their own right. In 2003, the London Institute received Privy Council approval for university status and was renamed University of the Arts London in 2004, Wimbledon School of Art joined the university as a sixth college in 2006, and was renamed Wimbledon College of Art. Sir John Tusa was appointed as the new Chairman, replacing Will Wyatt, nigel Carrington was appointed rector in 2008, replacing Sir Michael Bichard. From 2008 to 2010, staff were made redundant and courses closed, Central Saint Martins moved to a purpose-built complex in Kings Cross in June 2011. In 2015 Grayson Perry was appointed to succeed Kwame Kwei-Armah as chancellor of the university, the University of the Arts London has six constituent colleges. F. The subjects taught were mainly technical until a Fine Arts department was established between the Wars, the school became part of the London Institute in January 1986, and was renamed Camberwell College of Arts in 1989. Drama Centre London, founded in 1963, became part of Central Saint Martins in 1999, the school was renamed Central Saint Martins College of Arts and Design in 2011. The Chelsea School of Art originated as part of the South-Western Polytechnic, in 1975 Chelsea merged with Hammersmith College of Art and Building, founded in 1891 by Francis Hawke and taken over by the London County Council in 1904. The Chelsea School of Art became part of the London Institute in 1986 and was renamed Chelsea College of Art and Design in 1989. The London College of Printing descends from the St Brides Foundation Institute Printing School, in 1960 this was renamed the London College of Printing. The printing department of the North Western Polytechnic was merged into it in 1969, the London College of Printing became part of the London Institute in 1986
7.
The O2
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Naming rights to the district were purchased by the mobile telephone provider O2 from its developers, Anschutz Entertainment Group, during the development of the district. AEG owns the long-term lease on the O2 Arena and surrounding leisure space, from the closure of the original Millennium Experience exhibition occupying the site, several possible ways of reusing the Millennium Domes shell were proposed and then rejected. The official renaming of the Dome in 2005 gave publicity to its transition into an entertainment district, the Domes shell itself remained in site, but its interior and the area around North Greenwich Station, the QE2 pier and the main entrance area were completely redeveloped. The area is served by North Greenwich tube station, which was opened just before the exhibition, on the Jubilee line. Thames Clippers operate a boat service for London River Services. As well as a service, Thames Clippers also operates the O2 Express service. Local bus services serve the station and the nearby O2. In popular usage, the canopy is often still called The Dome, reflecting the substantial. The O2 was developed inside the structure by Anschutz Entertainment Group to a design by Populous. In December 2001, it was announced that Meridian Delta, Ltd and it is also hoped to relocate some of Londons tertiary education establishments to the site. Meridian Delta is backed by the American billionaire Philip Anschutz, who has interests in oil, railways, the Dome site was then sub-leased to Anshutz Entertainment Group, who strongly support Meridian Delta, for a minimum of 58 years. English Partnerships leased the arena directly to AEG Europe for 58 years, AEG would develop and operate The O2 during the length of the lease agreements. The lease agreements were made in the agreement that the government would get a percentage of profits through English Partnerships. English Partnerships and Quintain Estates and Development both own land around The O2 on the Greenwich Peninsula and they will release land in stages, to developers, and develop the area in a joint venture with the aid of Meridian Delta. Some of the land is already being developed for offices and shops, ravensbourne, a specialist art and design institution previously located in Chislehurst, moved to a new campus built immediately adjacent to The O2 in September 2010. The David Beckham Academy football school ran nearby from 2005 to 2009, the cost of developing the whole Greenwich Peninsula area was estimated at 4 billion pounds in 2006. As part of the investment programme, naming rights were sold to O2 plc, the £6 million a year deal between O2 plc and AEG also included priority tickets and reserved VIP accommodation for O2 mobile customers. The service was made available to premium ticket holders
8.
David Bowie
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David Robert Jones, known professionally as David Bowie, was an English singer, songwriter and actor. He was a figure in music for over five decades, regarded by critics and musicians as an innovator. His career was marked by reinvention and visual presentation, his music, during his lifetime, his record sales, estimated at 140 million worldwide, made him one of the worlds best-selling music artists. In the UK, he was awarded nine platinum album certifications, eleven gold and eight silver, in the US, he received five platinum and seven gold certifications. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1996, born in Brixton, South London, Bowie developed an interest in music as a child, eventually studying art, music and design before embarking on a professional career as a musician in 1963. Space Oddity became his first top-five entry on the UK Singles Chart after its release in July 1969, after a period of experimentation, he re-emerged in 1972 during the glam rock era with his flamboyant and androgynous alter ego Ziggy Stardust. The character was spearheaded by the success of his single Starman and album The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars, in 1976, Bowie starred in the cult film The Man Who Fell to Earth and released Station to Station. Heroes and Lodger followed, each reached the UK top five. He then reached his peak in 1983 with Lets Dance. Throughout the 1990s and 2000s, Bowie continued to experiment with styles, including industrial. He stopped concert touring after 2004, and his last live performance was at a charity event in 2006, in 2013, Bowie returned from a decade-long recording hiatus with the release of The Next Day. He remained musically active until he died of cancer two days after the release of his final album, Blackstar. David Robert Jones was born on 8 January 1947, in Brixton, south London and his mother, Margaret Mary Peggy, was born in Kent, and had Irish ancestry, she worked as a waitress. His father, Haywood Stenton John Jones, from Yorkshire, was an officer for the childrens charity Barnardos. The family lived at 40 Stansfield Road, near the border of the south London areas of Brixton, Bowie attended Stockwell Infants School until he was six years old, acquiring a reputation as a gifted and single-minded child—and a defiant brawler. In 1953, Bowie moved with his family to the suburb of Bromley and his voice was considered adequate by the school choir, and he demonstrated above-average abilities in playing the recorder. Upon listening to Little Richards song Tutti Frutti, Bowie would later say, presleys impact on him was likewise emphatic, I saw a cousin of mine dance to. Hound Dog and I had never seen her get up and be moved so much by anything and it really impressed me, the power of the music
9.
Stella McCartney
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Stella Nina McCartney, OBE is an English fashion designer. She is the daughter of former Beatles member Paul McCartney and American musician, photographer, McCartney was born in Lambeth, London, the second child of Beatle Paul McCartney and American photographer Linda McCartney. She is named after her maternal great-grandmothers, as a young girl, McCartney travelled the globe with her parents and their group Wings, along with her siblings, older sister Heather, older sister Mary, and younger brother James. According to her father, the name of Wings was inspired by Stellas difficult birth, as his daughter was being born by emergency caesarean section, Paul sat outside the operating room and prayed that she be born on the wings of an angel. McCartney has said that while attending school, she was a victim of bullying. McCartney became interested in designing clothes as a youth, at age thirteen, she designed her first jacket. Three years later, she interned for Christian Lacroix, working on her first haute couture collection, honing her skills working for Edward Sexton, her fathers Savile Row tailor for a number of years. She studied her foundation at Ravensbourne College of Design and Communication, followed by Fashion Design at Central Saint Martins in the early 1990s, she graduated in 1995. Her graduation collection was modelled by friends and supermodels Naomi Campbell, Yasmin Le Bon, the collection was shown to a song penned by her famous father, called Stella May Day. The show made front-page news, and the collection was sold to Tokyo. The designs were licensed to Browns, Joseph, Bergdorf Goodman and Neiman Marcus, in 1998, she designed her sister Marys wedding dress for her wedding to television producer Alistair Donald. A lifelong vegetarian, McCartney does not use any leather or fur in her designs, some of McCartneys designs have text that elaborates on her no animal policy, for example, one of her jackets for Adidas says, suitable for sporty vegetarians on the sleeve. She does use wool, silk, and other animal-derived fabrics in her designs, in March 1997 McCartney was appointed creative director of Paris fashion house Chloé, following in the footsteps of Karl Lagerfeld. Lagerfeld was less impressed with the houses choice, stating. They did, but in music, not fashion, lets hope shes as gifted as her father. Despite initial skepticism, McCartneys designs have enjoyed commercial and critical success. She was accompanied to Chloé by her assistant and friend Phoebe Philo, in 2001, McCartney launched her own fashion house under her name in a joint venture with Gucci Group and showed her first collection in Paris. Her collections are now distributed in over 50 countries through 600 wholesale accounts including specialty shops, in 2003, McCartney launched her first perfume, Stella
10.
Bachelor's degree
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A bachelors degree or baccalaureate is an undergraduate academic degree awarded by colleges and universities upon completion of a course of study lasting three to seven years. In some institutions and educational systems, some bachelors degrees can only be taken as graduate or postgraduate degrees after a first degree has been completed. The term bachelor in the 12th century referred to a knight bachelor, by the end of the 13th century, it was also used by junior members of guilds or universities. By folk etymology or wordplay, the word came to be associated with bacca lauri in reference to laurels being awarded for academic success or honours. An honours degree generally requires an academic standard than a pass degree. In most African countries, the university systems follow the model of their former colonizing power, for example, the Nigerian university system is similar to the British system, while the Ivorian system is akin to the French. The degree is typically identical to the program of Frances universities, bachelors degree programs cover most of the fields in Algerian universities, except some fields, such as Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science. Bachelors degrees at the University of Botswana normally take four years, the system draws on both British and American models. Degrees are classified as First Class, Second Class Division One, Second Class Division Two and Third as in English degrees, but without being described as honours. The main degrees are named by British tradition, but in recent years there have been a numbers of degrees named after specific subjects, such as Bachelor of Library, in Morocco, a bachelors degree is referred to as al-ʾijāzah. The course of study takes three years, which are divided into two cycles. The first cycle comprises the first, or propaedeutic, year, after successfully completing their first two years, students can pursue either theoretical specialization or professional specialization. The second cycle is one long, after whose completion students receive the licence détudes fondamentales or the licence professionnelle. This academic degree system was introduced in September 2003, University admission is extremely competitive, with attendant advantages and disadvantages. Nonetheless, it takes four to five years to complete a bachelors degree, in cases of poor performance, the time limit is double the standard amount of time. For example, one may not study for more than 10 years for a five-year course, students are normally asked to leave if they must take longer. B. Arch. and other specialized undergraduate degrees, such as B. Eng, Science undergraduate degrees may require six months or a semester dedicated to SIWES but it is usually mandatory for all engineering degrees. A semester for project work/thesis is required, not excluding course work, the classifications of degrees, first-class, second-class, third-class and a pass
11.
Royal Society of Arts
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The Royal Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce is a London-based, British organisation committed to finding practical solutions to social challenges. The shorter version, The Royal Society of Arts and the related RSA acronym, are used more frequently than the full name, the RSA award three medals, the Albert Medal, the Benjamin Franklin Medal and the Bicentenary Medal. Medal winners include Nelson Mandela, Sir Frank Whittle, and Professor Stephen Hawking, on the RSA buildings frieze The Royal Society of Arts words are engraved, although its full name is Royal Society for the encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce. The short name and the related R S of A abbreviation is used more frequently than the full name, on its website, the RSA characterises itself as an enlightenment organisation committed to finding innovative practical solutions to today’s social challenges. The RSAs Patron is currently HM Elizabeth II, the RSAs President is HRH The Princess Royal, its Chairman is Vikki Heywood, life Fellows must have demonstrated exceptionally high achievement. The RSA says, The RSA Fellowship is an international community achievers and influencers from an array of backgrounds and professions. Fellows are social entrepreneurs to scientists, community leaders to commercial innovators, artists and journalists to architects and engineers, edwin Landseer who at the age of 10 was awarded a silver medal for his drawing of a dog. The RSA originally specifically precluded premiums for patented solutions, today the RSA continues to offer premiums. The Faculty currently has 120 Royal Designers and 45 Honorary Royal Designers, the Faculty consists of the world’s leading practitioners from fields as disparate as engineering, furniture, fashion and textiles, graphics, theater and film design. Early members include Eric Gill, Enid Marx, Sir Frank Whittle, the RSA moved to its current home in 1774. The House, situated in John Adam Street, near the Strand in central London, had been purpose-designed by the Adam Brothers as part of their innovative Adelphi scheme. The former private dining room of the Tavern contains a magnificent Adam ceiling with painted roundels by the school of Kauffman and Zucchi. A major refurbishment in 2012 by Matthew Lloyd Architects won a RIBA London Award in 2013, the first of these plaques was, in fact, of red terracotta erected outside a former residence of Lord Byron. The Society erected 36 plaques until, in 1901, responsibility for them was transferred to the London County Council and, later, similar schemes are now operated in all the constituent countries of the United Kingdom. The Society for the encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce hosted the first exhibition of art in 1760. Thomas Gainsborough and Sir Joshua Reynolds, who had exhibited at this first exhibition were subsequently members of The Royal Academy of Arts in 1768. The Society was a pioneer in examinations, offering the first national public examinations in 1882 that led to the formation of the RSA Examinations Board now included in the. In 1876, a predecessor of the Royal College of Music, in 1929 The Society purchased the entire village of West Wycombe
