1.
Corriganville Movie Ranch
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Corriganville Movie Ranch was a working film studio and movie ranch for outdoor location shooting, as well as a Western-themed tourist attraction. The site is currently a park in the City of Simi Valley, called Corriganville Park. The visual environment was that of a picturesque California oak woodland, the ranch provided terrain such as lakes, mountains, caves, rock outcroppings and overhangs, and large boulders. The small man-made lake featured a waterfall, as well as an underwater bunker with thick-glassed windows that would allow underwater scenes to be shot, while keeping the camera. The property included the Army fort built for John Fords 1947 film Fort Apache that was rented to many other film productions by Corrigan. Other sets included Silvertown, a street with saloon, hotel, jail, livery stable, corral, blacksmith, shops. There was also an outlaw shack and a church that doubled as a schoolhouse, some of these structures had small living quarters while others had showers and restrooms for the cast and crew. Its unclear if any had interior sets that were used onscreen, many of the interior shots may have been made at various studios around Hollywood—Republic Studios, Monogram Studios, etc. in order to match the outdoor scenes shot at Corriganville. Corrigans own home on the property was used for exterior shots. His house was one of the first structures erected at the ranch in 1938-1939, estimates of the number of movies and television shows filmed there range from the hundreds to the thousands. The ranch was open to the public on weekends and holidays from 1949 to 1965, other weekend attractions included live western music, Indian crafts, stagecoach rides, pony rides, and boating on the ranchs artificial lake. In 1965 Ray Corrigan sold the property, which was acquired by comedian, a housing subdivision called Hopetown was developed and built on a parcel near the park entrance. In the late 1960s and early 1970s part of the site was used for motorcycle racing, in 1970 the ranch was swept by fire. One of the last movies filmed there was Vigilante Force, in 1979 another fire destroyed virtually all of the remaining structures. In 1988,190 acres of land comprising the principal working areas of the original Corriganville Ranch were purchased by the City of Simi Valley for use as a regional park. Now named Corriganville Park, the site of Corriganville Movie Ranch is a park operated by Rancho Simi Recreation. The park has various concrete and brick foundations, the remains of movie, several signs present photographs and descriptions of filming locations. Hiking trails provide views from rock formations that made the park a popular filming location from 1930s to 1960s
2.
Milwaukee
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Milwaukee is the largest city in the state of Wisconsin and the fifth-largest city in the Midwestern United States. The county seat of Milwaukee County, it is on Lake Michigans western shore, Milwaukees estimated population in 2015 was 600,155. Milwaukee is the cultural and economic center of the Milwaukee–Racine–Waukesha Metropolitan Area with an estimated population of 2,046,692 as of 2015. Ranked by estimated 2014 population, Milwaukee is the 31st largest city in the United States, the first Europeans to pass through the area were French Catholic missionaries and fur traders. In 1818, the French Canadian explorer Solomon Juneau settled in the area, large numbers of German immigrants helped increase the citys population during the 1840s, with Poles and other immigrants arriving in the following decades. Known for its traditions, Milwaukee is currently experiencing its largest construction boom since the 1960s. In addition, many new skyscrapers, condos, lofts and apartments have been built in neighborhoods on and near the lakefront, the word Milwaukee may come from the Potawatomi language minwaking, or Ojibwe language ominowakiing, Gathering place. The first recorded inhabitants of the Milwaukee area are the Menominee, Fox, Mascouten, Sauk, Potawatomi, Ojibwe, many of these people had lived around Green Bay before migrating to the Milwaukee area around the time of European contact. In the second half of the 18th century, the Indians at Milwaukee played a role in all the wars on the American continent. During the French and Indian War, a group of Ojibwas, in the American Revolutionary War, the Indians around Milwaukee were some of the few Indians who remained loyal to the American cause throughout the Revolution. After American independence, the Indians fought the United States in the Northwest Indian War as part of the Council of Three Fires, during the War of 1812, Indians held a council in Milwaukee in June 1812, which resulted in their decision to attack Chicago. This resulted in the Battle of Fort Dearborn on August 15,1812, the War of 1812 did not end well for the Indians, and after the Black Hawk War in 1832, the Indians in Milwaukee signed their final treaty with the United States in Chicago in 1833. This paved the way for American settlement, Europeans had arrived in the Milwaukee area prior to the 1833 Treaty of Chicago. French missionaries and traders first passed through the area in the late 17th and 18th centuries, alexis Laframboise, in 1785, coming from Michilimackinac settled a trading post, therefore, he is the first European descent resident of the Milwaukee region. Early explorers called the Milwaukee River and surrounding lands various names, Melleorki, Milwacky, Mahn-a-waukie, Milwarck, for many years, printed records gave the name as Milwaukie. One story of Milwaukees name says, ne day during the thirties of the last century a newspaper calmly changed the name to Milwaukee, the spelling Milwaukie lives on in Milwaukie, Oregon, named after the Wisconsin city in 1847, before the current spelling was universally accepted. Milwaukee has three founding fathers, Solomon Juneau, Byron Kilbourn, and George H. Walker, Solomon Juneau was the first of the three to come to the area, in 1818. He was not the first European settler but founded a town called Juneaus Side, or Juneautown, in competition with Juneau, Byron Kilbourn established Kilbourntown west of the Milwaukee River and made sure the streets running toward the river did not join with those on the east side
3.
Brookings, Oregon
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Brookings is a city in Curry County, Oregon, United States. It was named after John E. Brookings, president of the Brookings Lumber and Box Company, as of the 2010 census the population was 6,336. In 1906, the Brookings Timber Company hired William James Ward, while John E. Brookings was responsible for the founding of Brookings as a company town, it was his cousin Robert S. Brookings, who was responsible for its actual design. The latter Brookings hired Bernard Maybeck, an architect based in San Francisco who was involved in the Panama–Pacific International Exposition. On September 9,1942, Mount Emily, near Brookings, a Japanese floatplane piloted by Nobuo Fujita launched from submarine I-25 was loaded with incendiary bombs and sent to start massive fires in the dense forests of the Pacific Northwest. The attack caused minor damage. Brookings made him an honorary citizen several days before his death in 1997, since the 1980s, Brookings has attracted retirees, mostly from California, senior citizens constitute approximately a quarter of the towns population. It is also home for a number of people who commute to jobs in California at nearby Pelican Bay State Prison, the total population of the Brookings area is over 13,000, which includes Harbor, and others. This development has the potential to add approximately 1,000 homes over the next 20 years, the unincorporated community to the south of the Chetco River, while included in the Brookings Urban Growth Boundary, has resisted annexation into the City of Brookings. There development has occurred without annexation, as Harbor is independently served by independent fire, the City of Brookings offers the only 24/7 police service in Curry County. The current marketing brand for the community, through the Brookings-Harbor Chamber of Commerce, is The Pulse of Americas Wild Rivers Coast, Americas Wild Rivers Coast is a regional marketing brand for Curry County, Oregon, and Del Norte County, California. The Port of Brookings Harbor was damaged by tidal surges from a tsunami on March 11,2011, the largest surge was estimated to be nearly 8 feet. Boats were damaged, sunk, set adrift, and swept out to sea after many docks were torn away, the tsunami was caused by the 9.0 MW Tōhoku earthquake offshore of the east coast of Honshu Island, Japan. The damage was estimated at $25 million to $30 million, according to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 3.94 square miles, of which 3.87 square miles is land and 0.07 square miles is water. The Brookings area has a mediterranean climate. Brookings has temperate winters during which rainfall is broken by weeks of warm. It has mild, dry summers with average rainfall in July, there are an average of only two afternoons annually with high temperatures of 90 °F or higher and an average of 7.5 mornings with low temperatures of 32 °F or lower. The record high temperature was 108.2 °F on July 9,2008, the record low temperature was 18 °F on December 8,1972
4.
Jennifer Jones
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Jennifer Jones, also known as Jennifer Jones Simon, was an American actress during the Hollywood golden years. Jones, who won the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in The Song of Bernadette, was also Academy Award-nominated for her performances in four other films and she was married three times, most notably to film producer David O. Selznick. Jones starred in more than 20 films over a 30-year career, in 1980, she founded the Jennifer Jones Simon Foundation For Mental Health and Education after her daughters suicide. In later life, Jones withdrew from life to live in quiet retirement with her son and his family in Malibu. Jones was born Phylis Lee Isley in Tulsa, Oklahoma, the daughter of Flora Mae, an only child, she was raised Roman Catholic. Her parents toured the Midwest in a tent show that they owned and operated. It was there that she met and fell in love with fellow acting student Robert Walker, the couple married on January 2,1939. Isley and Walker returned to Tulsa for a 13-week radio program, arranged by her father, Isley landed two small roles, first in a 1939 John Wayne western titled New Frontier, followed by a serial entitled Dick Tracys G-Men. She failed a screen test for Paramount Pictures and decided to return to New York City, while Walker found steady work in radio programs, Isley worked part-time modeling hats for the Powers Agency while looking for possible acting jobs. Selznick, however, had overheard her audition and was impressed enough to have his secretary call her back, following an interview, she was signed to a seven-year contract. She was carefully groomed for stardom and given a new name, director Henry King was impressed by her screen test as Bernadette Soubirous for The Song of Bernadette and she won the coveted role over hundreds of applicants. Jones apologized to Bergman, who replied, No, Jennifer, Jones presented the Best Actress Oscar the following year to Bergman for Gaslight. Over the next two decades, Jones appeared in a range of roles selected by Selznick. Her dark beauty and sensitive nature appealed to audiences and she projected a variable range, the portrait of Jones for the film Portrait of Jennie was painted by Robert Brackman. Her last big-screen appearance came in the disaster film The Towering Inferno. Her performance earned her a Golden Globe nomination for Best Supporting Actress, early scenes in the film showed paintings lent to the production by the art gallery of Jones husband, Norton Simon. Jones had two sons from her first marriage, Robert Walker, Jr. and Michael Walker, Robert was the only child of Jones three children who would not predecease her. Jones had an affair with film producer David O. Selznick and she separated from Walker in November 1943, co-starred with him in Since You Went Away, and divorced him in June 1945
5.
John Wayne
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Marion Mitchell Morrison, known professionally as John Wayne and nicknamed Duke, was an American actor and filmmaker. An Academy Award-winner for True Grit, Wayne was among the top box office draws for three decades, born in Winterset, Iowa, Wayne grew up in Southern California. He found work at film studios when he lost his football scholarship to the University of Southern California as a result of a bodysurfing accident. Initially working for the Fox Film Corporation, he appeared mostly in bit parts. His first leading role came in Raoul Walshs The Big Trail, Waynes career took off in 1939, with John Fords Stagecoach making him an instant star. He went on to star in 142 pictures, biographer Ronald Davis said, John Wayne personified for millions the nations frontier heritage. Eighty-three of his movies were Westerns, and in them he played cowboys, cavalrymen and he is also remembered for his roles in The Quiet Man, Rio Bravo, and The Longest Day. In his final performance, he starred as an aging gunfighter battling cancer in The Shootist. He appeared with many important Hollywood stars of his era, Wayne was born Marion Robert Morrison on May 26,1907 at 224 South Second Street in Winterset, Iowa. The local paper, Winterset Madisonian, reported on page 4 of the edition of May 30,1907 that Wayne weighed 13 pounds at birth and his middle name was soon changed from Robert to Mitchell when his parents decided to name their next son Robert. Waynes father, Clyde Leonard Morrison, was the son of American Civil War veteran Marion Mitchell Morrison, Waynes mother, the former Mary Molly Alberta Brown, was from Lancaster County, Nebraska. Waynes ancestry included English, Irish, Scots-Irish, and Scottish, Waynes family moved to Palmdale, California, and then in 1916 to Glendale, California, where his father worked as a pharmacist. A local fireman at the station on his route to school in Glendale started calling him Little Duke because he never went anywhere without his huge Airedale Terrier and he preferred Duke to Marion, and the nickname stuck. Wayne attended Wilson Middle School in Glendale, as a teen, he worked in an ice cream shop for a man who shod horses for Hollywood studios. He was also active as a member of the Order of DeMolay and he played football for the 1924 league champion Glendale High School team. Wayne applied to the U. S. Naval Academy, and he instead attended the University of Southern California, majoring in pre-law. He was a member of the Trojan Knights and Sigma Chi fraternities, Wayne also played on the USC football team under coach Howard Jones. A broken collarbone injury curtailed his career, Wayne later noted that he was too terrified of Jones reaction to reveal the actual cause of his injury
6.
Western (genre)
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Cowboys and gunslingers typically wear Stetson hats, bandannas, spurs, cowboy boots and buckskins. Other characters include Native Americans, bandits, lawmen, bounty hunters, outlaws, mounted cavalry, settlers, Westerns often stress the harshness of the wilderness and frequently set the action in an arid, desolate landscape of deserts and mountains. Often, the vast landscape plays an important role, presenting a. mythic vision of the plains, specific settings include ranches, small frontier towns, saloons, railways and isolated military forts of the Wild West. Many Westerns use a plot of depicting a crime, then showing the pursuit of the wrongdoer, ending in revenge and retribution. The Western was the most popular Hollywood genre, from the early 20th century to the 1960s, Western films first became well-attended in the 1930s. John Fords landmark Western adventure Stagecoach became one of the biggest hits in 1939, Westerns were very popular throughout the 1950s and 1960s. Many of the most acclaimed Westerns were released during this time – including High Noon, Shane, The Searchers, the Western depicts a society organized around codes of honor and personal, direct or private justice–frontier justice–dispensed by gunfights. These honor codes are played out through depictions of feuds or individuals seeking personal revenge or retribution against someone who has wronged them. The popular perception of the Western is a story that centers on the life of a semi-nomadic wanderer, a showdown or duel at high noon featuring two or more gunfighters is a stereotypical scene in the popular conception of Westerns. In some ways, such protagonists may be considered the descendants of the knight errant which stood at the center of earlier extensive genres such as the Arthurian Romances. And like knights errant, the heroes of Westerns frequently rescue damsels in distress, similarly, the wandering protagonists of Westerns share many characteristics with the ronin in modern Japanese culture. The Western typically takes these elements and uses them to tell simple morality tales, Westerns often stress the harshness and isolation of the wilderness and frequently set the action in an arid, desolate landscape. Apart from the wilderness, it is usually the saloon that emphasizes that this is the Wild West, it is the place to go for music, women, gambling, drinking, brawling and shooting. The American Film Institute defines western films as those set in the American West that embodies the spirit, the struggle, the term Western, used to describe a narrative film genre, appears to have originated with a July 1912 article in Motion Picture World Magazine. Most of the characteristics of Western films were part of 19th century popular Western fiction and were firmly in place before film became an art form. Protagonists ride between dusty towns and cattle ranches on their trusty steeds, Western films were enormously popular in the silent film era. With the advent of sound in 1927-28, the major Hollywood studios rapidly abandoned Westerns, leaving the genre to smaller studios and these smaller organizations churned out countless low-budget features and serials in the 1930s. Released through United Artists, Stagecoach made John Wayne a mainstream star in the wake of a decade of headlining B westerns
7.
The Three Mesquiteers
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The Three Mesquiteers is the umbrella title for a Republic Pictures series of 51 Western B-movies released between 1936 and 1943, including 8 films starring John Wayne. The name was a play on mesquite and The Three Musketeers, the series was based on a series of western novels by William Colt MacDonald, which began with The Law of 45s in 1933. A film version of The Law of 45s was made by a different film company in 1935 and introduced the characters Tucson Smith, the series blended the traditional Western period with more modern elements, which was not unknown with other B-Western films and serials. Towards the end of the series, during World War II, the cast list varied but always focused on a trio of cowboys. The Three Mesquiteers series was popular at the time of its release. The series was the one of its kind to be specifically named and ranked in contemporary polls of the top western film stars. The success of the led to many imitators at other studios. The first was The Range Busters from Monogram Pictures which starred original Mesquiteer Ray Crash Corrigan as the character Crash Corrigan, Monogram also released The Rough Riders, again poaching a Mesquiteer in the form of Raymond Hatton, and The Trail Blazers. Producers Releasing Corporation produced two series, The Texas Rangers and The Frontier Marshals. Republic Pictures produced 51 films in The Three Mesquiteers series between 1936 and 1943, Keywords three-mesquiteers-series at IMDb The Three Mesquiteers at B-Westerns
8.
Stunt performer
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A stunt performer, often referred to as a stuntman, stuntwoman, or daredevil, is someone who performs dangerous stunts, often as a career. A stuntman typically performs stunts intended for use in a picture or dramatized television. Stunts seen in films and television include car crashes, falls from height, drags. There is an inherent risk in the performance of all stunt work, the most risk exists when performing stunts in front of a live audience. In filmed performances, visible safety mechanisms can be removed by editing, in live performances the audience can see more clearly if the performer is genuinely doing what they claim or appear to do. To reduce the risk of injury or death, most often stunts are choreographed or mechanically-rigged so that, while they look dangerous, despite their well-choreographed appearance, stunts are still very dangerous and physically testing exercises. From its inception as a skill in the early 1900s to the 1960s. This allows them to break down and plan an action sequence, physically prepare themselves. However, even when executed perfectly, there is still strain, daredevils are distinct from stunt performers and stunt doubles, their performance is of the stunt itself, without the context of a film or television show. Daredevils often perform for an audience, live stunt performers include escape artists, sword swallowers, glass walkers, fire eaters, trapeze artists, and many other sideshow and circus arts. They also include motorcycle display teams and the once popular Wall of Death, the Jackass films and television series are well-known and prominent recorded examples of the act in modern cinematography. Some people, such as Buster Keaton, Harry Houdini, Jackie Chan, Akshay Kumar, Pawan Kalyan, Tony Jaa, the earliest stunt performers were travelling entertainers and circus performers, particularly trained gymnasts and acrobats. This acrobatic discipline required long training in the ring and perfect body control to present a performance to the public. The word stunt was more formally adopted during the 19th century travelling vaudeville performances of the early Wild West Shows, in North America, the first and prototypical wild west show was Buffalo Bills, formed in 1883 and lasting until 1913. The shows which involved simulated battles with the firing of both guns and arrows, were a romanticized version of the American Old West. Egerton Castle and Captain Alfred Hutton were part of a wider Victorian era group based in London, by the early 1900s, the motion picture industry was starting to fire-up on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean, but had no need for professional stunt performers. Firstly, motion pictures were so new that even if the producer had a budget for performers, there were more than enough applicants willing to do the scene for free. For instance, if you needed a shot of someone on a steel beam 1,000 feet up on a New York skyscraper, then there was always willing to do the scene for real
9.
Santa Susana Mountains
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The Santa Susana Mountains are a transverse range of mountains in Southern California, north of the city of Los Angeles, in the United States. The range runs east-west, separating the San Fernando Valley and Simi Valley on its south from Santa Clara River Valley to the north, the Oxnard Plain is to the west of Santa Susana Mountains. The Newhall Pass separates the Santa Susana Mountains from the San Gabriel Mountains to the east, Newhall Pass is the major north-south connection between the San Fernando Valley and the Santa Clarita Valley, and Interstate 5 and a railroad line share Newhall Pass. The Santa Susana Pass connects the Simi and San Fernando valleys, Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park, is located in the Simi Hills, just south of the Santa Susana Pass, at the northwestern edge of the San Fernando Valley. The Santa Susana Mountains are not as steep or high as the San Gabriel Mountains, the western half of the range lies in Ventura County, and the eastern half lies in Los Angeles County. The southeastern slopes of the Santa Susana Mountains are part of the City of Los Angeles, the city of Simi Valley lies to the southwest. The Sunshine Canyon Landfill is at the eastern end. The mountains have a climate, with warm, dry summers and cool. Snow falls in winter in higher areas, such as Oat Mountain. Annual Precipitation totals vary between 18 and 25 inches, depending on exposure to the rain-bearing winds, most of the rain falls between November and March. Because of the drought, wildfires sometimes occur in summer and fall before the rains start, especially during hot. The highest peaks in the range are Oat Mountain, Mission Point, Rocky Peak, the summit of Rocky Peak lies directly atop the line separating Ventura and Los Angeles counties and is indicated by a battered marker imbedded into the sandstone boulder summit. The first discovery of oil in California was in Pico Canyon, on the side of the mountains, The California Star Oil Works, later Chevron. It became famous not only as the first well in California, Well No.4 has the distinction of being the first site in Los Angeles County to be listed on the National Register of Historic Places, in 1966. The surrounding town, Mentryville, is maintained as the oil ghost town Mentryville Historical Park, many active oil and gas fields remain in the area, with some of the larger operators including Vintage Production, Freeport McMoRan, and the Southern California Gas Company. The largest of SoCalGass four underground storage natural gas facilities is within the Aliso Canyon Oil Field north of Porter Ranch, the City of Los Angeles maintains OMelveny Park at the eastern end of the mountains. The south-facing slopes are covered in Chaparral shrubland, grasslands. The north-facing slopes are home to magnificent oak woodlands and conifer woodlands, some of which have been protected in the Santa Clarita Woodlands Park, the mountains are part of the California chaparral and woodlands ecoregion
10.
Simi Valley
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Simi Valley is a synclinal valley in Southern California in the United States. It is an enclosed or hidden valley surrounded by mountains and hills, Simi Valley borders the Santa Susana Mountains to the north and Simi Hills to the east and south. The valley covers an area of about 62 square miles in southern Ventura County, the Santa Clara River Valley occupies the northwestern corner of the valley. Mountainous terrain of South Mountain and Oak Ridge characterizes the northern, elevation within the quadrangle ranges from about 250 feet along the arroyo bottoms to over 2200 feet. Steep, highly dissected slopes form much of the boundary of the area, in the southeast, Little Simi Valley, drained by Arroyo Simi/Arroyo Las Posas, separates the southern flank of Oak Ridge from the Las Posas Hills. This relatively low-lying area is referred to as the Las Posas Valley. A network of streets and ranch and oilfield roads that traverse the area from U. S. Highway 101 and State Highways 118,23. The oldest geologic unit mapped in the Simi Valley quadrangle is the upper Eocene to lower Miocene Sespe Formation, the Sespe Formation consists of alluvial fan and floodplain deposits of interbedded pebble-cobble conglomerate, massive to thick-bedded sandstone, and thin-bedded siltstone and clay-stone. Deep-marine strata of the upper Miocene Modelo Formation cover the Vaqueros Formation and Topanga Group along the crests and southern flanks of South Mountain and they also occur as isolated outcrops in the Las Posas Hills. Locally, Modelo Formation consists of interbedded shale, claystone, mudstone, and siltstone with minor sandstone, limestone, chert. The most widely exposed rock units in the area are the Plio-Pleistocene marine and non-marine Pico, locally, the Pico Formation consists of marine siltstone and silty shale with minor sandstone and pebbly sandstone. A local member of the Saugus Formation is exposed in the southwest corner of the map area, extensive surficial deposits are also present in the Las Posas upland area in the southwest. These upper Pleistocene to Holocene sediments consist of older and younger alluvial fan and valley deposits, colluvium, active alluvial fans, pleistocene- to Holocene-age landslide deposits are widespread throughout the Simi quadrangle, especially in the finer grained Tertiary sedimentary units where bedding planes are dip slopes. In addition, massive slumps are present in the Sespe and Vaqueros Formations on anti-dip slopes, seismic and well data from the San Fernando Valley document evolution of that region from mid-Miocene rifting to north-south contraction. West of Simi Valley, the Simi fault has placed Miocene Conejo Volcanics over Plio-Pleistocene Saugus Formation rocks, in addition, trenching within faulted colluvial deposits in Tierra Rejada Valley has revealed evidence of multiple shears within Holocene deposits. The Simi Valley, California, The Geographical Journal,92, 527–536, doi,10. 2307/1788136, JSTOR1788136
11.
Movie ranch
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A movie ranch is a ranch that is at least partially dedicated for the creation and production of motion pictures and television productions. Originally, they were all within the 30-mile studio zone, often in the foothills of the San Fernando Valley, Movie ranches first came into use for location shooting in Southern California during the 1920s with the rising popularity of westerns. Other large-scale productions also needed large, undeveloped settings for outdoor scenes, the studios agreed to pay union workers extra if they worked out of town. The definition of out of town referred to a distance of greater than 30 miles from the studio. To solve this problem, many movie studios invested in large tracts of undeveloped land, in many cases existing ranches. The natural California landscape proved to be suitable for western locations, a few of these have survived as regional parks, and are still used for filming. Movie ranches have gradually moved to regions, notably New Mexico, Arizona. Below is a listing of some of the famous classic Southern California movie ranches from the first half of the 20th century. One movie that was filmed during this time was Gunfight at the O. K. Corral with Kirk Douglas, the movie is historically inaccurate, but it shows the area known today as Gold Canyon in all its beauty with the Superstitions towering over the Clanton ranch. During this time, Victor Panek contacted his neighbors in Apache Junction, Mr. hutchens, to suggest the idea of building a studio in the Superstition area. Construction on the Apacheland Studio western town began on February 12,1959 by Superstition Mountain Enterprises and associates. By June 1960, Apacheland Studio was open for business and filmed its first TV western Have Gun, Will Travel in November 1960 and its first full-length movie The Purple Hills. Actors such as Elvis Presley, Jason Robards, Stella Stevens, Ronald Reagan, have Gun, Will Travel, and The Ballad of Cable Hogue. The last full-length movie to be filmed was the 1994 HBO movie Blind Justice with Armand Assante, Elisabeth Shue, on May 26,1969, fire destroyed most of the ranch. The sets were rebuilt, but another fire destroyed most of Apacheland almost 35 years later on February 14,2004. On October 16,2004, Apacheland closed its doors to the public permanently, the causes of both fires remain a mystery. LINKS, Official Apacheland Movie Ranch website, Filmography, History, Big Sky Ranch is a movie ranch located in Simi Valley, California. It has been used for the filming of Western television
12.
Location shooting
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Location shooting is the practice of filming in the actual setting in which a story takes place rather than on a sound stage or back lot. In filmmaking, a location is any place where a crew will be filming actors. A location where dialog is not recorded may be considered as a second unit photography site, filmmakers often choose to shoot on location because they believe that greater realism can be achieved in a real place, however location shooting is also often motivated by the films budget. However, many films shoot interior scenes on a sound stage and it is often mistakenly believed that filming on location takes place in a location where the story is set, but this is not necessarily the case. In certain situations it may be cheaper to shoot in a studio, in these situations lower budget films often shoot more in a studio. Before filming, the locations are generally surveyed in pre-production, also known as recce, canadian locations such as Vancouver and Toronto are known for this. It sometimes allows frozen currency to be used, the 1968 movie Kellys Heroes was filmed in Yugoslavia using profits that had been made on movie exhibitions in that country but could not be exported. Its disadvantages include, Lack of control over the environment — lighting, passing aircraft, traffic, pedestrians, bad weather, city regulations, cast and crew heavily rely upon local facilities such as catering, transportation, and accommodations. A film that becomes a blockbuster hit can introduce movie audiences around the world to a visually breathtaking location that they were unaware of. This can boost tourism for years or even decades, Location shooting usually requires a location manager, and locations are usually chosen by a location scout. In many cases a second unit is dispatched to film on location, with a unit director. Filming location Location manager, the responsible for the locations department Location scouting Location library Filmmaking
13.
Physical fitness
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Physical fitness is a general state of health and well-being and, more specifically, the ability to perform aspects of sports, occupations and daily activities. Physical fitness is generally achieved through proper nutrition, moderate-vigorous physical exercise, before the industrial revolution, fitness was defined as the capacity to carry out the day’s activities without undue fatigue. Fitness is defined as the quality or state of being fit, around 1950, perhaps consistent with the Industrial Revolution and the treatise of World War II, the term fitness increased in western vernacular by a factor of ten. Modern definition of fitness describe either a person or machines ability to perform a function or a holistic definition of human adaptability to cope with various situations. This has led to an interrelation of human fitness and attractiveness which has mobilized global fitness and fitness equipment industries, regarding specific function, fitness is attributed to person who possess significant aerobic or anaerobic ability, i. e. strength or endurance. A well rounded fitness program will improve a person in all aspects of fitness, rather than one, a comprehensive fitness program tailored to an individual typically focuses on one or more specific skills, and on age- or health-related needs such as bone health. Many sources also cite mental, social and emotional health as an important part of overall fitness and this is often presented in textbooks as a triangle made up of three points, which represent physical, emotional, and mental fitness. Physical fitness can also prevent or treat many chronic health conditions brought on by unhealthy lifestyle or aging, working out can also help some people sleep better and possibly alleviate some mood disorders in certain individuals. Developing research has demonstrated many of the benefits of exercise are mediated through the role of skeletal muscle as an endocrine organ. The Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans was created by the Office of Disease Prevention and this publication suggests that all adults should avoid inactivity to promote good health mentally and physically. Aerobic activity should be performed in episodes of at least 10 minutes, additional health benefits are gained by engaging in physical activity beyond this amount. Specific or task-oriented fitness is an ability to perform in a specific activity with a reasonable efficiency, for example. Specific training prepares athletes to perform well in their sport, examples are,100 m sprint, in a sprint the athlete must be trained to work anaerobically throughout the race, an example of how to do this would be interval training. Middle distance running, athletes require both speed and endurance to gain out of this training. The hard working muscles are at their peak for a period of time as they are being used at that level for longer period of time. Marathon, in case the athlete must be trained to work aerobically. Many fire fighters and police officers undergo regular fitness testing to determine if they are capable of the demanding tasks required of the job. Members of armed forces will often be required to pass a fitness test – for example soldiers of the US Army must be able to pass the Army Physical Fitness Test
14.
Gorilla
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Gorillas are ground-dwelling, predominantly herbivorous apes that inhabit the forests of central Africa. The eponymous genus Gorilla is divided into two species, the gorillas and the western gorillas, and either four or five subspecies. They are the largest living primates, the DNA of gorillas is highly similar to that of humans, from 95–99% depending on what is counted, and they are the next closest living relatives to humans after the chimpanzees and bonobos. Gorillas natural habitats cover tropical or subtropical forests in Africa, although their range covers a small percentage of Africa, gorillas cover a wide range of elevations. The mountain gorilla inhabits the Albertine Rift montane cloud forests of the Virunga Volcanoes, ranging in altitude from 2, 200–4,300 metres. The word gorilla comes from the history of Hanno the Navigator, members of the expedition encountered a savage people, the greater part of whom were women, whose bodies were hairy, and who our interpreters called Gorillae. The word was later used as the species name, though it is unknown whether what these ancient Carthaginians encountered were truly gorillas, another species of ape or monkeys. The American physician and missionary Thomas Staughton Savage and naturalist Jeffries Wyman first described the gorilla in 1847 from specimens obtained in Liberia. The name was derived from Ancient Greek Γόριλλαι, meaning tribe of hairy women, the closest relatives of gorillas are the other two Homininae species, chimpanzees and humans, all of them having diverged from a common ancestor about 7 million years ago. Human gene sequences differ only 1. 6% on average from the sequences of corresponding gorilla genes, until recently, gorillas were considered to be a single species, with three subspecies, the western lowland gorilla, the eastern lowland gorilla and the mountain gorilla. There is now agreement that there are two species, each with two subspecies, more recently, a third subspecies has been claimed to exist in one of the species. The separate species and subspecies developed from a type of gorilla during the Ice Age. Primatologists continue to explore the relationships between various gorilla populations, the species and subspecies listed here are the ones upon which most scientists agree. The proposed third subspecies of Gorilla beringei, which has not yet received a trinomen, is the Bwindi population of the mountain gorilla, some variations that distinguish the classifications of gorilla include varying density, size, hair colour, length, culture, and facial widths. Now, over 100,000 western lowland gorillas are thought to exist in the wild, with 4,000 in zoos, mountain gorillas are the most severely endangered, with an estimated population of about 880 left in the wild and none in zoos. Population genetics of the lowland gorillas suggest that the western and eastern lowland populations diverged ~261 thousand years ago, gorillas move around by knuckle-walking, although they sometimes walk bipedally for short distances while carrying food or in defensive situations. Wild male gorillas weigh 135 to 180 kg while females usually weigh half as much as adult males at 70–115 kg. Adult males are 1.7 to 1.8 m tall, female gorillas are shorter, with smaller arm spans
15.
Tarzan and His Mate
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Tarzan and His Mate is a 1934 American Pre-Code action adventure film based on characters created by Edgar Rice Burroughs. It was the second in the Tarzan film series to star Johnny Weissmuller, in 2003, the United States Library of Congress deemed the film culturally, historically or aesthetically significant and selected it for preservation in the National Film Registry. The film begins with Tarzan and Jane Parker living in the jungle, harry Holt and his business partner Martin Arlington meet up with them on their way to take ivory from an elephant burial ground. When Tarzan learns that the two men wish to loot the elephants graveyard, he will have nothing to do with it, only Janes intervention keeps Tarzan from murdering Martin. But Martins attempt to remove the ivory is thwarted when Tarzan appears with a herd of elephants, Martin feigns repentance, and promises to leave the next day without the ivory. Early the next morning, Martin attempts to kill Tarzan, and Jane thinking him dead, meanwhile, Cheeta and his ape friends nurse Tarzan back to health in time for him to stop the men who shot him. But they are attacked by men, who summon lions to help them kill the members of the safari. Both Martin and Holt lose their lives through lion attacks, then, Tarzan and an army of apes and elephants arrive in time to rout both the lion men and the lions, after which they return the ivory to the elephants graveyard. In 1932 M. G. M’s Tarzan The Ape Man cost $652,675 to make, Edgar Rice Burroughs, keen to capitalize on the success of the first film, began negotiations in March 1932 for future Tarzan films. Also in May, Burroughs contacted producer Bernard H. Hyman with the suggestion that Tarzan films be released as seasonal events. Story conferences were held in March, with the author of the play White Cargo Leon Gordon, producer Bernie Hyman, supervising art director Cedric Gibbons and these early drafts toyed with the idea of a fight with a huge mechanical crocodile, and a spectacular jungle fire. By May 1933, a dialogue continuity by Howard Emmett Rogers was completed and this and earlier script and conference ideas became the basis for the various drafts of the eventual screenplay credited to James Kevin McGuinness. Special effects were to be overseen by Cedric Gibbons and executed by M. G. M’s A, arnold Gillespie and Warren Newcombe, James Basevi and Irving Reis. For its day it was to be complex, involving such devices as matte paintings, miniatures, split screens, a June 29,1933 Hollywood Reporter news item announced that W. S. Van Dyke, was to be Gibbons co-director. By July 1,1933, Van Dyke was dropped from the project, in September 1933, however, the Hollywood Reporter announced that Jack Conway, was to take over the direction of one of Gibbons units. Filming on Tarzan and His Mate began August 2,1933, joining Mr Weissmuller for the sequel were Rod La Rocque, Murray Kinnell, and Frank Reicher. After 3 ½ weeks of shooting, the first unit was shut down, Gibbons had shot a lot of excess footage, when it resumed, Gibbons was no longer the director, in his place was Jack Conway as dialogue director with James C. McKay directing a number of animal sequences, a late August 1933 Hollywood Reporter news item announced that Rod La Rocque had been pulled from the cast, and replaced by Paul Cavanagh in the role of Martin Arlington, ‘because of miscasting’
16.
Flash Gordon (serial)
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Flash Gordon is a 1936 science fiction film serial. Shown in 13 chapters, it was the first screen adventure for the comic-strip character Flash Gordon that was invented by Alex Raymond only two earlier in 1934. It tells the story of Flash Gordons first visit to the planet Mongo, Buster Crabbe, Jean Rogers, Charles Middleton, Priscilla Lawson and Frank Shannon played the central roles. In 1996, Flash Gordon was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being culturally, historically, the Planet of Peril The planet Mongo is on a collision course with Earth. Dr. Alexis Zarkov takes off in a ship to Mongo, with Flash Gordon. They find that the planet is ruled by the cruel Emperor Ming, Mings daughter, Princess Aura, tries to spare Flashs life. The Tunnel of Terror Aura helps Flash to escape as Zarkov is put to work in Mings laboratory, Flash meets Prince Thun, leader of the Lion Men, and the pair return to the palace to rescue Dale. Captured by Shark Men Flash stops the ceremony, but he and Dale are captured by King Kala, ruler of the Shark Men. At Mings order, Kala forces Flash to fight with a giant octosak in a filling with water. Battling the Sea Beast Aura and Thun rescue Flash from the octosak, trying to keep Flash away from Dale, Aura destroys the mechanisms that regulate the underwater city. The Destroying Ray Flash, Dale, Aura and Thun escape from the city, but are captured by King Vultan. Dr. Zarkov befriends Prince Barin, and they race to the rescue, flaming Torture Dale pretends to fall in love with King Vultan in order to save Flash, Barin and Thun, who are put to work in the Hawkmens Atom Furnaces. Shattering Doom Flash, Barin, Thun and Zarkov create an explosion in the atomic furnaces, Tournament of Death Dr. Zarkov saves the Hawkmens city from falling, earning Flash and his friends King Vultans gratitude. Ming insists that Flash fight a Tournament of Death against an opponent, revealed to be Barin. Fighting the Fire Dragon Flash survives the tournament with Auras help, still determined to win Flash, Aura has him drugged to make him lose his memory. The Unseen Peril Flash recovers his memory, Ming is determined to have Flash executed. In the Claws of the Tigron Zarkov invents a machine that makes Flash invisible, Flash torments Ming and his guards. Barin hides Dale in the catacombs, but Aura has her tracked by a tigron, trapped in the Turret Aura realizes the error of her ways, and falls in love with Barin
17.
Republic Pictures
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Republic Pictures Corporation was an American motion picture production-distribution corporation in operation from 1935 through 1959, based in Los Angeles, California. It had studio facilities in Studio City and a ranch in Encino. It was best known for specializing in Westerns, movie serials, Republic Pictures was also notable for developing the careers of John Wayne, Gene Autry, and Roy Rogers. It was also responsible for the financing and distributing of several John Ford-directed films during the 1940s and early 1950s and one Shakespeare film, Macbeth, created in 1935 by Herbert J. In the depths of the Great Depression of the 1930s, Yates laboratory was servicing many studios, in 1935 Yates saw a chance to become a studio head himself. Six established Poverty Row companies were all in debt to Yates lab and he prevailed upon these studios to merge under his leadership. Yates new company, Republic Pictures Corporation, was established as an enterprise focused on low-budget product. The largest of Republics components was Monogram Pictures, run by producers Trem Carr and W. Ray Johnston, mascot also had just discovered Gene Autry and signed him to a contract as a singing cowboy star. Larry Darmours Majestic Pictures had developed a following, with big-name stars, Republic took its original Liberty Bell logo from M. H. Hoffmans Liberty Pictures. Chesterfield Pictures and Invincible Pictures, two companies under the same ownership, were skilled in producing low-budget melodramas and mysteries. In exchange for merging, the principals were promised independence in their productions under the Republic aegis, after he had learned the basics of film production and distribution from his partners, Yates began asserting more and more authority over their film departments, and dissension arose in the ranks. Republic also acquired Brunswick Records to record their singing cowboys Gene Autry and Roy Rogers, in its early years Republic was itself sometimes labelled a poverty row company, as its primary products were B movies and serials. Republic, however, showed more interest in, and provided larger budgets to, these films than many of the studios were doing. The heart of the company was its westerns, and its many western-film leads, among them John Wayne, Gene Autry, Rex Allen and Roy Rogers, became recognizable stars at Republic. However, by the mid-1940s, Yates was producing better-quality pictures, even mounting big-budget fare like The Quiet Man, Sands of Iwo Jima, Johnny Guitar and The Maverick Queen. Another distinguishing aspect of the studio was Yates avoidance of any subject matter. In 1947, Republic incorporated animation into its Gene Autry feature film Sioux City Sue and it turned out well enough for the studio to dabble in animated cartoons. Cartoons in 1946, Bob Clampett approached Republic and wound up directing a single cartoon, Its a Grand Old Nag, Republic management, however, had second thoughts owing to dwindling profits, and discontinued the series
18.
The Vigilantes Are Coming
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The Vigilantes Are Coming is a 1936 American Republic film serial. It was the third of the sixty six serials made by Republic Pictures and this serial was filmed between 28 May and 17 June 1936 under the working title of The Vigilantes. It was released two later, on 22 August 1936, under the final title. In the early 1950s the serial was re-edited into six 26½ minute episodes for television, in doing so they round up slaves to work the mines and General Burr has Don Lorings brother and father murdered to acquire their ore-rich land. When Don returns, having been away at the time with Salvation, Whipsaw and Captain John Fremont, he assumes the identity of The Eagle to stop them. Harmon and Glut expand on that to say it was based on Zorro, however, no mention is made of this being a derivative work in William Witneys autobiography. The serial was budgeted at $82,616 although the final negative cost was $87,655, despite being overbudget, this was the cheapest Republic serial of 1936 as well as the second cheapest of them all. It was filmed between 28 May and 17 June 1936 under the working title The Vigilantes, the serials production number was 418. This was William Witneys first time working on a serial, although not as director, in The Vigilantes Are Coming he worked as a second unit director and as an extra. It was the only serial Republic produced in this year,1936, in the early 1950s, The Vigilantes Are Coming was one of fourteen Republic serials edited into a television series. It was broadcast in six 26½-minute episodes, the Eagle is locked inside the Powder Magazine when it explodes. The Eagle is caught by a firing squad meant for Salvation, the Eagle is caught under a hydraulic ore crusher. The Eagle falls over a cliff under a hail of bullets, the Eagle is knocked unconscious on a cart carrying powder when it explodes. The Eagle trips and falls beneath the blades of four Cossacks, a stagecoach carrying The Eagle and Count Raspinoff goes over a cliff. The Eagle is shot off his horse and falls under the hooves of his pursuers, the Eagle is locked in a burning building. The Eagle is caught in several explosions and the resultant landslide, List of film serials List of film serials by studio The Vigilantes Are Coming at the Internet Movie Database The Vigilantes Are Coming at AllMovie
19.
Undersea Kingdom
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Undersea Kingdom is a Republic Pictures film serial released in response to Universals Flash Gordon. It was the second of the serials made by Republic. In 1966 scenes from the serial were edited into a 100-minute television film titled Sharad of Atlantis, thus he will rule the world unless he can be stopped in time. The star of the serial is Ray Crash Corrigan, using that name for the first time. The name was created to sound similar to Flash Gordon, in one of many similarities. Formerly a stunt man — he was the person swinging on vines in Tarzan the Ape Man — Corrigan went on to use this screenname for the rest of his career in serials, the first two chapters of the serial were mocked on the TV show Mystery Science Theater 3000. The plot revolves around the main character Crash Corrigan trying to stop a tyrant ruler of Atlantis from conquering the lost continent. Lieutenant Crash Corrigan, in his last year at Annapolis, is invited by Billy Norton to visit his father, Professor Norton, when Atlantean tyrant Unga Khan and his Black Robe army turn their Disintegrator beam on St Clair, Professor Norton leads an expedition to investigate. Along with him in his Rocket Submarine are Crash, Diana, unknown to the expedition until it is underway and in trouble, Billy has stowed away on the Rocket Sub as well. Problems for the expedition begin when Joe, in charge of the room, is driven mad by the fear that the submarine cannot survive such depths. In order to prove this, he locks the room door. As soon as this crisis is averted, Unga Khan and Captain Hakur detect their approach, Ray Crash Corrigan as Crash Corrigan, Athlete and Navy Lieutenant. Crash Corrigans stage name came from this serial, as Captain Hakur, Black Robe commander, Unga Khans main henchman. Captain Hakur was probably Lon Chaney, Jr. s most colourful henchman and it has the lowest budget of any Republic serial but it was only the third cheapest in actual production cost. The serial was filmed between 3 March and 28 March 1936 under production number 417, the only cheaper serials were the subsequent The Vigilantes Are Coming and, in 1938, The Fighting Devil Dogs. By comparison, the larger Universal Pictures spent $350,000 in producing the first Flash Gordon serial, george DeNormand Tracy Layne Ted Mapes Eddie Parker Charles Schaeffer Tom Steele started his serial career in this serial. He went on to work in most of the subsequent serials produced by Republic, bill Yrigoyen John T. Coyle The Lydecker brothers Bud Thackery These include the Volkites, The Juggernaut, Vol Planes and Professor Nortons Rocket Submarine, as well as sets and Unga Khans tower. This is the first appearance of the Republic Robot and it would turn up again in Mysterious Doctor Satan and Zombies of the Stratosphere
20.
Universal Pictures
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Universal Pictures is an American film studio owned by Comcast through the Universal Filmed Entertainment Group division of its wholly owned subsidiary NBCUniversal. The company was founded in 1912 by Carl Laemmle, Mark Dintenfass, Charles O. Baumann, Adam Kessel, Pat Powers, William Swanson, David Horsley and its studios are located in Universal City, California, and its corporate offices are located in New York City. Universal Pictures is a member of the Motion Picture Association of America and is one of Hollywoods Big Six studios. Universal Studios was founded by Carl Laemmle, Mark Dintenfass, Charles O. Baumann, Adam Kessel, Pat Powers, William Swanson, David Horsley, Robert H. Cochrane, one story has Laemmle watching a box office for hours, counting patrons and calculating the days takings. Within weeks of his Chicago trip, Laemmle gave up dry goods to buy the first several nickelodeons, for Laemmle and other such entrepreneurs, the creation in 1908 of the Edison-backed Motion Picture Trust meant that exhibitors were expected to pay fees for Trust-produced films they showed. Soon, Laemmle and other disgruntled nickelodeon owners decided to avoid paying Edison by producing their own pictures, in June 1909, Laemmle started the Yankee Film Company with partners Abe Stern and Julius Stern. Laemmle broke with Edisons custom of refusing to give billing and screen credits to performers, by naming the movie stars, he attracted many of the leading players of the time, contributing to the creation of the star system. In 1910, he promoted Florence Lawrence, formerly known as The Biograph Girl, the Universal Film Manufacturing Company was incorporated in New York on April 30,1912. Laemmle, who emerged as president in July 1912, was the figure in the partnership with Dintenfass, Baumann, Kessel, Powers, Swanson, Horsley. Eventually all would be out by Laemmle. Following the westward trend of the industry, by the end of 1912 the company was focusing its efforts in the Hollywood area. On March 15,1915, Laemmle opened the worlds largest motion picture production facility, Universal City Studios, studio management became the third facet of Universals operations, with the studio incorporated as a distinct subsidiary organization. Unlike other movie moguls, Laemmle opened his studio to tourists, Universal became the largest studio in Hollywood, and remained so for a decade. However, it sought an audience mostly in towns, producing mostly inexpensive melodramas, westerns. In its early years Universal released three brands of feature films — Red Feather, low-budget programmers, Bluebird, more ambitious productions, and Jewel, their prestige motion pictures. Directors included Jack Conway, John Ford, Rex Ingram, Robert Z. Leonard, George Marshall and Lois Weber, despite Laemmles role as an innovator, he was an extremely cautious studio chief. Unlike rivals Adolph Zukor, William Fox, and Marcus Loew and he also financed all of his own films, refusing to take on debt. Character actor Lon Chaney became a card for Universal in the 1920s
21.
Flash Gordon
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Flash Gordon is the hero of a space opera adventure comic strip created by and originally drawn by Alex Raymond. First published January 7,1934, the strip was inspired by, the Flash Gordon comic strip has been translated into a wide variety of media, including motion pictures, television and animated series. The latest version, a Flash Gordon television series, appeared on the Syfy channel in the United States in 2007–2008. At first King Features tried to purchase the rights to the John Carter of Mars stories by Edgar Rice Burroughs, however, King Features then turned to Alex Raymond, one of their staff artists, to create the story. Raymonds first samples were dismissed for not containing enough action sequences, Raymond reworked the story and sent it back to the syndicate, who accepted it. Raymond was partnered with ghostwriter Don Moore, an experienced editor, Raymonds first Flash Gordon story appeared in January 1934, alongside Jungle Jim. The Flash Gordon strip was well received by readers, becoming one of the most popular American comic strips of the 1930s. Like Buck Rogers, the success of Flash Gordon resulted in numerous licensed products being sold, including books, colouring books. The comic strip follows the adventures of Flash Gordon, a polo player and Yale University graduate. The story begins with Earth threatened by a collision with the planet Mongo, Dr. Zarkov invents a rocket ship to fly into space in an attempt to stop the disaster. Half mad, he kidnaps Flash and Dale and they travel to the planet, landing on the planet, and halting the collision, they come into conflict with Ming the Merciless, Mongos evil ruler. They are joined in early adventures by Prince Thun of the Lion Men. Eventually, Ming is overthrown, and Mongo is ruled by a council of leaders led by Barin, Flash and friends return to Earth and have some adventures before returning to Mongo and crashing in the kingdom of Tropica, then reuniting with Barin and others. Flash and his friends travel to worlds and return to Mongo. In the 1950s, Flash became an astronaut who travelled to other planets besides Mongo, the long story of the Skorpii War takes Flash to other star systems, using starships that are faster than light. After Raymonds tenure, later created new enemies for Flash to combat. Austin Briggs created Kang the Cruel, Mings callous son, Prince Polon, who had the power to shrink or enlarge living creatures, the unscrupulous Queen Rubia, and Pyron the Comet Master were among the antagonists introduced during Mac Raboys run. The Skorpi, a race of alien shape shifters who desired to conquer the galaxy, were recurring villains in both the Mac Raboy and Dan Barry stories, the Skorpi space-fighter ace Baron Dak-Tula became a periodic nemesis of Flash in the late 1970s stories
22.
Monogram Pictures
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Monogram was among the smaller studios--generally referred to as Poverty Row--in the Golden Age of Hollywood. The idea behind the studio was that when the Monogram logo appeared on the screen, everyone knew they were in for action, the company is now a division of Allied Artists International. The original sprawling brick complex that was home to both Monogram and Allied Artists remains in place today at 4376 Sunset Dr. utilized as part of the Church of Scientology Media Center. Monogram was created in the early 1930s from two companies, W. Ray Johnstons Rayart Productions and Trem Carrs Sono Art-World Wide Pictures. Both specialized in low-budget features and, as Monogram Pictures, continued that policy until 1935, another independent producer, Paul Malvern, released his Lone Star Productions westerns through Monogram. The backbone of the studio in early days was a father-and-son combination, writer/director Robert N. Bradbury. Bradbury wrote almost all, and directed many, of the early Monogram, while budgets and production values were lean, Monogram offered a balanced program, including action melodramas, classics and mysteries. In 1935 Johnston and Carr were wooed by Herbert Yates of Consolidated Film Industries, Yates planned to merge Monogram with several smaller independent companies to form Republic Pictures. However, after a time in this new venture, Johnston and Carr discovered that they couldnt get along with Yates. Carr moved to Universal Pictures, while Johnston reactivated Monogram in 1937, producer Walter Mirisch began at Monogram after World War II as assistant to studio head Steve Broidy. He convinced Broidy that the days of low-budget films were ending, at a time when the average Hollywood picture cost about $800,000, Allied Artists first release, It Happened on Fifth Avenue, cost more than $1,200,000. Subsequent Allied Artists releases were more economical but did have enhanced production values, the studios new policy permitted what Mirisch called B-plus pictures, which were released along with Monograms established line of B fare. The Monogram brand name was retired in 1953. The company was now known as Allied Artists Pictures Corporation, for the most part, however, Allied Artists was heading in new, ambitious directions under Mirisch. They pushed the studio into big-budget filmmaking, signing contracts with William Wyler, John Huston, Billy Wilder, Mirisch Productions then had success releasing its films through United Artists. Allied Artists ceased production in 1966 and became a distributor of foreign films, both were critical and commercial successes, but high production and financing costs meant they were not big moneymakers for Allied Artists. King was released in 1975, but received disappointing returns and that same year Allied Artists distributed the French import Story of O, but spent much of its earnings defending itself from obscenity charges. In 1976 Allied Artists attempted diversification when it merged with consumer producers Kalvex and PSP, the new Allied Artists Industries, Inc. manufactured pharmaceuticals, mobile homes and activewear in addition to films
23.
Captive Wild Woman
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Captive Wild Woman is a sci-fi horror film starring Evelyn Ankers, John Carradine, Milburn Stone, and introducing Acquanetta. The picture was released by Universal Pictures and was directed by Edward Dmytryk, the film begins with animal trainer Fred Mason returning from his latest safari with a horde of animals for his employer John Whipple, owner of the Whipple Circus. Among them is Cheela, a gorilla with remarkably human characteristics, Mason relates that she is the most affectionate jungle animal he has ever encountered. Mason’s fiancée Beth Colman is present at the dock for his return and she tells him of the recent health problems encountered by her sister Dorothy. In a flashback sequence, Beth tells of taking her sibling to see Dr. Sigmund Walters, Dorothy is staying at Walters’ Crestview Sanatorium for treatment. Fred and Beth arrive at the quarters, and Dr. Walters pays a visit. He is extremely interested in Cheela, and inquires about purchasing her, Whipple tells him that she is not for sale. Upon returning to his lab, Walters finds that his latest experiment has resulted in the lab animal’s death and he becomes convinced he needs larger animals that possess the “will to live. ”Walters enlists the aid of a disgruntled former circus employee to steal Cheela. After the ape is loaded onto his truck, the scientist callously pushes the man into the gorilla’s grasp, back at his lab, Walters and his assistant Miss Strand transplant glandular material from Dorothy into Cheela. There were mentionings by Miss Strand that Walters has previously grafted the glands of different animals like placing a guinea pigs glands into a rabbit, to the horror of the nurse, the ape transforms into human form. Telling the doctor that she allow him to continue, Miss Strand informs him that at best he will have “a human form. He sacrifices Miss Strand for this purpose, the brain transplant is a success, and the result is a sultry and exotic young woman who remembers nothing of her previous existence. Walters names her Paula Dupree, and takes his creation to the quarters for her first public outing. While watching Mason practice his animal act, an accident occurs, Paula rushes into the cage and saves him from the ferocious felines, who display an unnatural fear of her and retreat from her presence. Mason is dumbfounded and offers the girl a job in his act, after the final dress rehearsal, Paula becomes jealous of Mason’s fiancée. She goes to her room and while having a tantrum. Later that night, she climbs through Beth’s window planning to kill her, the beast returns to Walters, and the doctor realizes that another operation is necessary to return her to human form. He can continue to use Dorothy for the material
24.
Nabonga
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Nabonga is a 1944 PRC film starring Buster Crabbe and Julie London. It was retitled Jungle Woman in the British Empire, T. F. Stockwell steals the money and jewelry contents of safe deposit boxes of the Cairo bank in which he works. After fleeing south in a plane with his young daughter Doreen. The three survive the crash but Stockwell murders the pilot when he sees the stolen loot, whilst exploring the surroundings, Doreen finds a gorilla wounded and left for dead by members of a safari. Years pass when Ray Gorman comes to the area on the fringes of the jungle where the plane crashed, bar owner Carl Hurst and his female associate Marie spy on Gorman to see what hes up to. Gormans father was head of the bank that Stockwell worked for and robbed, Gorman is out to recover the loot from the plane crash to clear his fathers name. When Gorman saves Hursts servant Tobo from being murdered by another African, Gorman realises that this could be a reference to Stockwells plane crash and disappearance. Tobo offers to lead Gorman to the area whilst Hurst and Marie secretly follow, the white witch is the grown up Doreen living with her gorilla named Samson who protects her, her father having long ago disappeared in the jungle. Buster Crabbe as Ray Gorman Julie London as Doreen Stockwell Barton MacLane as Carl Hurst Fifi DOrsay as Marie Bryant Washburn as White Hunter Herbert Rawlinson as T. F. Stockwell Prince Modupe as Tobo Jackie Newfield as Doreen Stockwell, as a child Ray Corrigan as Samson the Gorilla Jack Gardner as Pilot I and he gives not only a highly sympathetic portrayal of an African, but one who is a friend rather than a servant of Crabbe. In addition to fighting men and a crocodile, Crabbe displays amusing Bob Hope type comedy when frightened by Julie Londons killer gorilla, Nabonga at the Internet Movie Database Nabonga at the TCM Movie Database Nabonga is available for free download at the Internet Archive
25.
White Pongo
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White Pongo is a 1945 American film directed by Sam Newfield. The film is known as Adventure Unlimited in the United Kingdom. In the jungles of the Belgian Congo, a group of natives are dancing around a fire with a human sacrifice named Gunderson. During the attack an elderly scientist who lives with the tribe frees Gunderson, Gunderson makes it through the jungle and arrives in a nearby settlement in a feverish state. The diary has seemed to prove that the gorilla of myth exists that local anthropologists believe is the evolutionary missing link. A safari is formed with a group of individuals, several of whom have their own reasons for going. The group battle the jungle and one another, in the climax, the White Pongo, who has been stalking the group, kidnaps one of the Safari members and duels with a regular gorilla. The rest of the safari hear the battle and rescue their comrade, the White Pongo comes out victorious over his rival but is wounded by the safari and taken with them to the boat back to London. Gerig Joel Fluellen as Mumbo Jumbo Uncredited, Ray Crash Corrigan as White Pongo, Corrigan, a Western actor, was an experienced gorilla man, and played a similar role earlier that year in The White Gorilla, where he starred both as jungle explorer and as the gorilla. Leo Erdody was the musical director, White Pongo at the Internet Movie Database White Pongo is available for free download at the Internet Archive Review of film at Variety
26.
Unknown Island
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Unknown Island is a 1948 adventure film directed by Jack Bernhard and shot in Cinecolor. The film features monsters such as dinosaurs and a giant sloth and stars Virginia Grey, Phillip Reed, Richard Denning, ray Corrigan also appears in this film, playing a Giant sloth. It also has the giant sloth fight and kill a Ceratosaurus identified as a Tyrannosaurus rex in the movie, adventure-seeker Ted Osborne and his fiancee Carole are at a cafe in Singapore, looking for a charter to an island supposedly inhabited by dinosaurs. They come across the ruthless, two fisted, alcohol-suffering Captain Tarnowski and they decide to talk, and Osborne asks is Tarnowski is willing to give them a charter in his ship to the unknown island. Initially Tarnowski refuses, but then Osborne tells that during World War II he was a pilot in the US Navy and he had flown over many remote islands, and on one he reported seeing large, moving things that looked like Brontosaurus dinosaurs. He shows Tarnowski a photo, and the captain agrees to take them there. Before departing, Tarnowski introduces them to John Fairbanks, an old friend of his, Fairbanks and a group of friends had been shipwrecked on the island with Fairbanks being the lone survivor of attack by the dinosaurs. As Fairbanks had been drinking incessantly to forget the events of the past since his rescue, his account of the island was believed to be the result of alcoholism. Since Fairbanks and Osbornes stories collaborated, Tarnowski agrees to allow his ship to be hired and they sail aboard Tarnowskis ship, heading for weeks in the direction of French Polynesia, where the island is supposed to be located. During the voyage, it clear that Fairbanks is obviously becoming attracted to Carole. Tarnowski acts mad at Fairbanks because he is afraid of the dinosaurs, however, unknown to almost everyone, a group of unfriendly natives have been hiding in the hold of the ship. Before the crew reaches the island, they mutiny and attack the crew, fortunately, they lose the fight and afterwards agree to help them on the island. The next morning, the ships first mate spots the island in the distance, as they approach, he notices feeding Brontosauruses. With the conformation of living dinosaurs inhabiting the island, they become cautious, the natives help them unload supplies, and a camp is set up in a forest clearing not far from shore. Whilst exploring the island, they find more Brontosaurus and later, then, as they venture out onto the flats of the island, they find Ceratosauruses. Knowing these creatures can be a threat, the natives are asked to guard the camp at all times, after a near fight between Fairbanks and Osborne because of Caroles safety, a giant sloth appears and prowls around the camp. Carole screams and the men are alerted, but they soon fend it off with gunfire, the next morning they go back to the flats where they find even more Ceratosaurus. The native is shot and killed by Tarnowski while the focus on driving away the dinosaurs with grenades
27.
The Ape (1940 film)
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The Ape is a 1940 American horror film made for Monogram Pictures, co-written by Curt Siodmak and starring Boris Karloff. It was the last film in Karloffs nine-picture contract with Monogram, Dr. Bernard Adrian is a kindly scientist who seeks to cure a young womans polio. All he needs is spinal fluid from a human to complete the formula for his experimental serum, meanwhile, a vicious circus ape has broken out of its cage and is terrorizing the townspeople. The Ape eventually breaks into Dr. Adrians lab, the Doctor manages to kill it before any harm can come to himself. However, the fluids he requires to perform his experiments have all been destroyed during the struggle between him and the Ape. Doctor Adrian then concocts an idea, he will tear off the flesh and use its skin to disguise himself as the escaped circus animal. Thus the murders will be blamed on the Ape and he, himself, however, one of his attacks towards the films end is unsuccessful, he is fatally knifed and the Apes true identity is revealed. It made its debut in 1924 by the Paul Gershon drama school in Hollywood, the Los Angeles Times praised a 1926 production saying it has thrills galore and rather more of a plot than average. Critics claimed it was in the genre as the plays The Cat and the Canary and The Bat, noting its similarities to The Gorilla. The play had a set in India, where an Englishman has killed a sacred ape. Thirty years later the Englishman has become a wreck and sent to Los Angeles to be looked after by his family. Film rights were bought by Monogram Pictures who filmed it as The House of Mystery, the film was to be one of Monograms top bracket productions for the 1940-41 year. Curt Siodmak was hired to write the script on 9 July 1940, siodmark later argued the only element he kept from the play was of a character disguising himself as an ape, the notion of fluid taken from the spine to cure a crippled girl was all Siodmarks. Filming began August 6,1940, the feature in Boris Karloffs six-picture contract with Monogram. The Ape was filmed in the city of Newhall, Santa Clarita, the Los Angeles Times called the film engrossing. Shows himself the player of slightly eerie but really kindly character roles for which he is famous. According to an article for the British Film Institute, Karloff made his fair share of ludicrous B pictures and this may be the most ludicrous, but it’s no less wonderful for that. No matter the material, Karloff gave it everything, bringing dignity to his performance as a surgeon who impersonates an ape in his quest for spinal fluid for an experimental serum, don’t stop to think, just watch and enjoy
28.
Ciro's
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Ciros was a nightclub in West Hollywood, California, at 8433 Sunset Boulevard, on the Sunset Strip, opened in January 1940 by entrepreneur William Wilkerson. Herman Hover took over management of Ciros in 1942 until it closed its doors in 1957, Hover filed for bankruptcy in 1959, and Ciros was sold at public auction for $350,000. Ciros combined a luxe baroque interior and an exterior and became a famous hangout for movie people of the 1940s and 1950s. It was one of the places to be seen and guaranteed being written about in the columns of Hedda Hopper, Louella Parsons. During his first visit to Hollywood in the late 1940s, future President John F. Kennedy dined at Ciros, in the late 1960s, Ciros became a Sunset Strip rock and roll club which was called Its Boss. The Byrds got their start there in 1964, accounts of the period describe a church-like atmosphere, with interpretive dancing. The site of Ciros became The Comedy Store in 1972, the Andrews Sisters Ray Anthony Desi Arnaz Pearl Bailey Louie Bellson The Byrds Eddie LeBaron George Burns Cab Calloway Carmen Cavallaro Checkmates, Ltd
29.
Jungle Jim
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Jungle Jim is the fictional hero of a series of jungle adventures in various media. The series began in 1934 as an American newspaper comic strip chronicling the adventures of Asia-based hunter Jim Bradley, the character also trekked through radio, film, comic book and television adaptations. Notable was a series of films and television episodes in which Johnny Weissmuller portrayed the safari-suit wearing character, after hanging up his Tarzan loincloth, the strip was created by King Features Syndicate in order to compete with the popular United Feature Syndicate comic strip Tarzan, by Hal Foster. Illustrator Alex Raymond and pulp magazine author Don Moore created the strip as a topper to run above Raymonds Flash Gordon. Jungle Jim and Flash Gordon were launched simultaneously on January 7,1934, other characters included the large, strong native Kolu. The femme fatale Lille DeVrille was added to the cast two years after the strips debut, the comics early years generally featured stories revolving around pirates, slave traders and other common jungle antagonists. During World War II, artist Raymond enlisted as a Marine, successors included John Mayo and Paul Norris. Don Moore continued to script through the succession of artists, the strip, which never ran as a daily, came to an end in 1954. From 1937 to 1947, the strip was reprinted in Ace Comics. From 1949 to 1951, there were 11 original Jungle Jim comic books produced by Standard Comics, dell Comics published 20 issues of Jungle Jim from 1953 to 1959, the last eight issues were written by Gaylord Du Bois. King Features Syndicate published an issue of Jungle Jim in 1967. This was designated #5 and was a reprint of Dells issue #5 with a new cover by Wally Wood, Charlton Comics then picked up Dells numbering for another seven issues in 1969–70 with stories scripted by Wood, Pat Boyette, Bhob Stewart, Joe Gill and others. Artists on the Charlton stories were Wood, Boyette, Steve Ditko, Roger Brand, in January 2015, Dynamite Entertainment announced a new series of Jungle Jim as part of their King, Dynamite series. This version of Jungle Jim is written by Paul Tobin and illustrated by Sandy Jarrell, syndicated by Hearst and sponsored by the Comic Weekly, The Adventures of Jungle Jim radio series premiered November 2,1935. Matt Crowley had the role for three years, until Gerald Mohr stepped in as Jungle Jim beginning April 24,1938. Vicki Vola and Franc Hale portrayed Shanghai Lil, and Juano Hernandez was the Hindu servant Kolu, several episodes were based directly on the comic strip, such as The Ghost of the Java Sea. Gene Stafford scripted for producer Jay Clark, glenn Riggs was the announcer, among others. In the opening episode, The Bat Woman, Jungle Jim meets Miss Chalmers, a 12-part movie serial by Universal Pictures, starring Grant Withers, was released in 1937
30.
Science fiction film
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Science fiction films have often been used to focus on political or social issues, and to explore philosophical issues like the human condition. The genre has existed since the years of silent cinema. The next major example in the genre was the film Metropolis - being the first feature length science fiction movie, from the 1930s to the 1950s, the genre consisted mainly of low-budget B movies. After Stanley Kubricks landmark 2001, A Space Odyssey, the fiction film genre was taken more seriously. This definition suggests a continuum between empiricism and transcendentalism, with science fiction film on the side of empiricism, and horror film, however, there are numerous well-known examples of science fiction horror films, epitomized by such pictures as Frankenstein and Alien. The visual style of fiction film can be characterized by a clash between alien and familiar images. This clash is implemented when alien images become familiar, as in A Clockwork Orange, as well, familiar images become alien, as in the films Repo Man and Liquid Sky. For example, in Dr. Strangelove, the, distortion of the make the familiar images seem more alien. Finally, alien and familiar images are juxtaposed, as in The Deadly Mantis, Science fiction films appeared early in the silent film era, typically as short films shot in black and white, sometimes with colour tinting. They usually had a theme and were often intended to be humorous. In 1902, Georges Méliès released Le Voyage dans la Lune, generally considered the first science fiction film, several early films merged the science fiction and horror genres. Examples of this are Frankenstein, a adaptation of Mary Shelleys novel. Taking a more adventurous tack,20,000 Leagues Under the Sea is a based on Jules Verne’s famous novel of a wondrous submarine. In the 1920s, European filmmakers tended to use science fiction for prediction and social commentary, as can be seen in German films such as Metropolis and Frau im Mond. In the 1930s, there were big budget science fiction films, notably Just Imagine, King Kong, Things to Come. Starting in 1936, a number of science fiction comic strips were adapted as serials, notably Flash Gordon and Buck Rogers and these serials, and the comic strips they were based on, were very popular with the general public. Other notable science fiction films of the 1930s include Frankenstein, Bride of Frankenstein, Doctor X, Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, F. P. The 1940s brought us Before I Hang, Black Friday, Dr. Cyclops, The Devil Commands, Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, Man Made Monster, It Happened Tomorrow, It Happens Every Spring and The Perfect Woman
31.
It! The Terror from Beyond Space
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The film was distributed by United Artists on a double bill with Curse of the Faceless Man. The story involves Earths second mission to Mars to discover the fate of the first and they find a sole survivor of that mission and bring him back. The survivor, the former commander, claims that his crew were killed by a hostile Martian life form. No one believes him until the creature, now a stowaway, the films premise was the inspiration for screenwriter Dan OBannons screenplay for Ridley Scotts 1979 film Alien. In 1973 a nuclear-powered spaceship blasts off from Mars for Earth, bringing with it the sole survivor of the first mission, Carruthers denies this allegation, attributing his crews deaths to a hostile humanoid life form on the Red Planet. Commander Col. Van Heusen is unconvinced and makes sure that Carruthers is constantly accompanied by another member of his crew, while the ship was on the Martian surface, a large external exhaust had been left open, allowing the creature easy access. The crew are at first skeptical that something crawled aboard while they were on Mars, however, when Kienholz investigates odd sounds coming from a lower level, he is killed and his body hidden in an air duct. He is found, barely alive, but the attacks his would-be rescuer. Bullets have no effect, forcing the crewman to leave Gino behind, an autopsy of Kienholzs body reveals that it has been sucked dry of all fluids. The crew use hand grenades and gas grenades, but the creature proves immune to both and they next try electrocution, with no effect. When It is tricked into going into the atomic reactor room, they shut the heavily shielded door. It easily crashes through and escapes, the creature is so strong that it can tear through the metal hatches separating each of the ships levels. The survivors retreat to the room on the topmost deck. When Carruthers notices the ships higher-than-normal oxygen consumption rate, he surmises that this is due to the creatures larger lung capacity, in a last desperate move, everyone puts on their spacesuits, and Carruthers opens the command decks hull airlock directly to the vacuum of space. A violent decompression follows, and the works, It suffocates and finally expires. A press conference is held on Earth, revealing the details of what happened aboard the rescue ship. The project director emphasizes that Earth may now be forced to bypass the Red Planet because another word for Mars is death, the Terror from Beyond Space was financed by Edward Small and was originally known as It. Principal photography took place over a period during mid-January 1958
32.
Clark Gable
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William Clark Gable was an American film actor, often referred to as The King of Hollywood or just simply as The King. Gable began his career as an actor and appeared as an extra in silent films between 1924 and 1926, and progressed to supporting roles with a few films for MGM in 1931. The next year, he landed his first leading Hollywood role and he also starred with Lana Turner in four features, and with Norma Shearer and Ava Gardner in three each. Gables final film, The Misfits, united him with Marilyn Monroe, Gable is considered one of the most consistent box-office performers in history, appearing on Quigley Publishings annual Top Ten Money Making Stars Poll 16 times. He was named the seventh-greatest male star of classic American cinema by the American Film Institute, William Clark Gable was born in Cadiz, Ohio, to William Henry Will Gable, an oil-well driller, and his wife, Adeline. Gable was named William after his father, but even in childhood and he was mistakenly listed as a female on his birth certificate. Among Gables ancestors were Pennsylvania Dutch, Rhinelanders, and Bavarians, when he was six months old, his mother had him baptized as a Roman Catholic. She died when he was ten months old, possibly from a brain tumor, will Gable refused to raise his son Catholic, provoking criticism from Adelines side of the family. The dispute was resolved when Will Gable agreed to allow his son to spend time with his uncle, Charles Hershelman. In April 1903, Gables father married Jennie Dunlap, whose family came from the neighboring town of Hopedale. Gable was a tall, shy child with a loud voice and his stepmother raised him to be well-dressed and well-groomed. Jennie played the piano and gave her lessons at home. Later he took up brass instruments, at 13, he was the only boy in the mens town band. He was very mechanically inclined and loved to strip down and repair cars with his father, though his father insisted on Gable doing manly things, like hunting and hard physical work, Gable loved language. Among trusted company, he would recite Shakespeare, particularly the sonnets, will Gable agreed to buy a 72-volume set of The Worlds Greatest Literature to improve his sons education, but claimed he never saw his son use it. In 1917, when Gable was in school, his father had financial difficulties. Will decided to settle his debts and try his hand at farming, despite his fathers insistence that he work the farm, Gable soon left to work in Akron for the Firestone Tire and Rubber Co. At 17, Clark Gable was inspired to be an actor after seeing the play The Bird of Paradise, by then, his stepmother had died, and his father moved to Tulsa, Oklahoma to go back to the oil business
33.
California
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California is the most populous state in the United States and the third most extensive by area. Located on the western coast of the U. S, California is bordered by the other U. S. states of Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona and shares an international border with the Mexican state of Baja California. Los Angeles is Californias most populous city, and the second largest after New York City. The Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nations second- and fifth-most populous urban regions, California also has the nations most populous county, Los Angeles County, and its largest county by area, San Bernardino County. The Central Valley, an agricultural area, dominates the states center. What is now California was first settled by various Native American tribes before being explored by a number of European expeditions during the 16th and 17th centuries, the Spanish Empire then claimed it as part of Alta California in their New Spain colony. The area became a part of Mexico in 1821 following its war for independence. The western portion of Alta California then was organized as the State of California, the California Gold Rush starting in 1848 led to dramatic social and demographic changes, with large-scale emigration from the east and abroad with an accompanying economic boom. If it were a country, California would be the 6th largest economy in the world, fifty-eight percent of the states economy is centered on finance, government, real estate services, technology, and professional, scientific and technical business services. Although it accounts for only 1.5 percent of the states economy, the story of Calafia is recorded in a 1510 work The Adventures of Esplandián, written as a sequel to Amadis de Gaula by Spanish adventure writer Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo. The kingdom of Queen Calafia, according to Montalvo, was said to be a land inhabited by griffins and other strange beasts. This conventional wisdom that California was an island, with maps drawn to reflect this belief, shortened forms of the states name include CA, Cal. Calif. and US-CA. Settled by successive waves of arrivals during the last 10,000 years, various estimates of the native population range from 100,000 to 300,000. The Indigenous peoples of California included more than 70 distinct groups of Native Americans, ranging from large, settled populations living on the coast to groups in the interior. California groups also were diverse in their organization with bands, tribes, villages. Trade, intermarriage and military alliances fostered many social and economic relationships among the diverse groups, the first European effort to explore the coast as far north as the Russian River was a Spanish sailing expedition, led by Portuguese captain Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, in 1542. Some 37 years later English explorer Francis Drake also explored and claimed a portion of the California coast in 1579. Spanish traders made unintended visits with the Manila galleons on their trips from the Philippines beginning in 1565
34.
Drums of Fu Manchu
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Drums of Fu Manchu is a 15-chapter Republic movie serial based on the character created by Sax Rohmer. Though using the title of the novel in the series, it actually is based on numerous elements from throughout the series to that point. It starred Henry Brandon, William Royle and Robert Kellard and it was directed by the legendary serial team of William Witney and John English and is often considered one of the best movie serials ever made. Fu Manchu attempts to conquer the world by acquiring the Sceptre of Genghis Khan, Henry Brandon as Fu Manchu William Royle as Sir Denis Nayland Smith Robert Kellard as Allan Parker Gloria Franklin as Fah Lo Suee Olaf Hytten as Dr. It was the most expensive Republic serial of 1940, although this year was the first in which Republics overall spending on serial production was less than in the previous year, Republic spent $597,528 producing serials in 1940 compared to $648,064 in 1939. The studio produced four serials in each year, with the mix of two 12-chapter serials and two 15-chapter serials. The serial was filmed between December 22,1939 and February 7,1940, the longest filming period of any Republic serial, the serials production number was 995. Directors Witney and English, working with photographer William Nobles, stressed the elements of mystery in the plot over the usual action, strong use of shadows was made with the eeriest lighting possible falling upon Fu Manchu. It was one of the rare films made under the Production Code to allow the villain to escape at the end. Drums of Fu Manchus official release date is March 15,1940, a 69-minute feature film version, created by editing the serial footage together, was released on November 27,1943. The feature version had the working titles Fu Manchu and Fu Manchu Strikes and it was one of fourteen feature films Republic made from their serials. This version changed the ending of the film, Fu Manchus escape at the end is edited out and he dies in the final car crash instead. A similar change was made in the version of the Victory Pictures serial Shadow of Chinatown. Harmon and Glut regard Drums of Fu Manchu as one of Republics best film serials, Brandon as Fu Manchu is, in Clines opinion, a performance that stands alone. Hans J. Wollstein, writing at Allmovie, concurs that Drums of Du Fu Manchu is one of very best serials. He does, however, note mistakes such as the misspelling of Ghengis Khan and Fu Manchu referring to Mary Randolph as Miss Parker, in terms of acting, Brandon is a compelling and strangely ageless fiend while Kellard is competent as the action hero. Witney and English are afforded the usual praise for their work, source, This was one of Republics two 15-chapter serials in 1940. The other was Mysterious Doctor Satan, following their standard practice of 1938-1944, Republic also released two 12-chapter serials in this year, Adventures of Red Ryder and King of the Royal Mounted
35.
Fort Apache (film)
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Fort Apache is a 1948 American Western film directed by John Ford and starring John Wayne and Henry Fonda. The film was the first of the directors cavalry trilogy and was followed by She Wore a Yellow Ribbon and Rio Grande, the screenplay was inspired by James Warner Bellahs short story Massacre. The historical sources for Massacre have been attributed both to George Armstrong Custer and the Battle of Little Bighorn and to the Fetterman Fight, the film was one of the first to present an authentic and sympathetic view of the Native Americans involved in the battle. The film was awarded the Best Director and Best Cinematography awards by the Locarno International Film Festival of Locarno, screenwriter Frank S. Nugent was nominated for best screenplay by the Writers Guild of America. After the American Civil War, highly respected veteran Captain Kirby York is expected to replace the commander at Fort Apache. York had commanded his own regiment during the Civil War and was well-qualified to assume permanent command, to the surprise and disappointment of the company, command of the regiment was given to Lieutenant Colonel Owen Thursday. Thursday, a West Point graduate, was a general during the Civil War, despite his Civil War combat record, Lieutenant Colonel Thursday lacks experience with the Indians he is expected to oversee, and is an incompetent, arrogant and egocentric officer. Accompanying widower Thursday is his daughter, Philadelphia and she becomes attracted to Second Lieutenant Michael Shannon ORourke, the son of Sergeant Major Michael ORourke. The elder ORourke was a recipient of the Medal of Honor as a major with the Irish Brigade during the Civil War, entitling his son to enter West Point, however, the class-conscious Thursday forbids his daughter to see someone he does not consider a gentleman. Eager for glory and recognition, Thursday orders his regiment into battle on Cochises terms, Thursday relieves York and orders him to stay back, replacing him with Captain Sam Collingwood. Following Thursdays orders, York spares the younger ORourke from battle, Thursdays entire command is nearly wiped out, but a few soldiers manage to escape back to the ridge where Captain York is positioned. Thursday himself survives but then returns to die with the last of his trapped men, cochise spares York and the rest of the detachment because he knows York to be an honorable man. Subsequently, now Lieutenant-Colonel Kirby York commands the regiment, meeting with correspondents, he introduces Lt. ORourke, now married to Philadelphia Thursday. A reporter asks Colonel York if he has seen the painting depicting Thursdays Charge. Some exteriors for the location shooting were shot in Monument Valley. The film recorded a profit of $445,000, in 2013 dollars, this amounts to U. S. $4,365,450. Fort Apache, RKO Western, With Fonda, Wayne and Temple, in his contemporary review, Crowther writes apparent in this picture, for those who care to look, is a new and maturing viewpoint upon one aspect of the American Indian wars. For here it is not the heathen Indian who is the heavy of the piece but a hard-bitten Army colonel, blind through ignorance, and ranged alongside this willful white man is a venal government agent who exploits the innocence of the Indians while supposedly acting as their friend
36.
The Lone Ranger (TV series)
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The Lone Ranger is an American western drama television series that aired on the ABC Television network from 1949 to 1957, with Clayton Moore in the starring role. Jay Silverheels, a member of the Mohawk Aboriginal people in Canada, John Hart replaced Moore in the title role from 1952 to 1954 due to a contract dispute. Fred Foy, who had been both narrator and announcer of the series from 1948 until its ending, was the announcer. Gerald Mohr was originally employed as the narrator for the television series, the Lone Ranger was the highest-rated television program on ABC in the early 1950s and its first true hit. The series finished #7 in the Nielsen ratings for the 1950-1951 season, #18 for 1951-1952, the fictional story line maintains that a patrol of six Texas Rangers is massacred, with only one member surviving. The lone survivor thereafter disguises himself with a mask and travels with Tonto throughout Texas. A silver mine supplies The Lone Ranger with the name of his horse as well as the required to finance his wandering life-style. George W. Trendle retained the title of producer, although he recognized that his experience in radio was not adequate for producing the television series, for this, he hired veteran MGM film producer Jack Chertok. Chertok served as the producer for the first 182 episodes as well as for a rarely seen 1955 color special retelling the origin, the first 78 episodes were produced and broadcast for 78 consecutive weeks without any breaks or reruns. Then the entire 78 episodes were shown again before any new episodes were produced, all were shot in Kanab, Utah and California. The rock seen next to Silver is known as Lone Ranger Rock, when it came time to produce another batch of 52 episodes, there was a wage dispute with Clayton Moore, and John Hart was hired to play the role of the Lone Ranger. Once again, the 52 new episodes were aired in sequence followed by 52 weeks rerunning them, despite expectations that the mask would make the switch workable, Hart was not accepted in the role, and his episodes were not seen again until the 1980s. At the end of the year of the television series, Trendle sold the Lone Ranger rights to Jack Wrather. Wrather immediately rehired Clayton Moore to play the Lone Ranger, once again, they were broadcast as a full year of new episodes followed by a full year of reruns. The final season saw a number of changes, including a count of 39. Wrather invested money from his own pocket to film in color, although ABC telecast only in black, Wrather also went outdoors for action footage. Otherwise, the series was filmed on a studio sound stage. Another big change, not readily detectable by the viewers, was replacing Jack Chertok with producer Sherman A. Harris, by this time, Chertok had established his own television production company and was busy producing other programs
37.
The Cisco Kid (TV series)
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The Cisco Kid is a half-hour American Western television series starring Duncan Renaldo in the title role, The Cisco Kid, and Leo Carrillo as the jovial sidekick, Pancho. It was also the first television series to be filmed in color, the central character was created by the American short story author O. Henry in The Caballeros Way, published in 1907 in the collection Heart of the West. Radio, television, and films have depicted the Cisco Kid as a heroic Mexican caballero, but in the story, the Kid is non-Hispanic. The character was adapted as the radio drama The Cisco Kid in 1942–1955, jackson Beck played the title role 1942–1945, and Jack Mather from 1946–1955. The TV series began production in 1949, and was filmed by ZIV Productions at the Ray Corrigan Ranch in Simi Valley in Ventura County, Renaldo, a native of Romania, and Carrillo, a native of Los Angeles, were the first regular Hispanic television stars. When the series began, Carrillo was already 70 years of age, part of the humor of the series is reflected in Carrillos mangling of the English language. Panchos catch-phrase, when amused by Renaldo, was a drawn-out Ohhh, viewers also became acquainted with the characters horses, Ciscos Diablo and Panchos Loco. The program, somewhat similar to The Lone Ranger, aired via syndication from 1950–1956 and it was originally filmed in 16 mm Kodachrome, later in 35 mm when the network owned-and-operated stations preferred the higher quality format. Because the 156 episodes were filmed in color, the series was in demand until the 1970s, however, most viewers of the original run saw the program in black-and-white. In 1956, the year the original run ended, only 0.05 percent of U. S. households with a set had a color set. The television series was sponsored in First-Runs by local Bread companies owned by Institute Brands as well as the series was. The Cisco Kid was nominated in 1953 for an Emmy Award for childrens programming, by 1955 it was the most popular filmed television series among American children. A number of recurring guest stars on The Cisco Kid later had television series of their own and he later portrayed the real Thomas H. Rynning, first commander of the Arizona Rangers, in the syndicated series 26 Men, with co-star Kelo Henderson. William Fawcett appeared seven times as Grampaw between 1953 and 1956, at time he joined the cast of NBCs Fury in the role of cantankerous Broken Wheel ranch hand Pete Wilkey. Gail Davis appeared five times on The Cisco Kid in the role of Ruth Drake, first, however, she portrayed Nancy King in the 1950 episode False Marriage, the story of a young woman planning to marry a gangster named Duke Ralston played by Robert Livingston. Nancys uncle, played by Russell Hicks, asks Cisco to help him to halt the pending marriage, daviss co-star on her Annie Oakley series, Brad Johnson, appeared once on The Cisco Kid as Johnny in the episode Water Toll on November 5,1951. Cisco cannot prove his hunch that the banker and his clerk are involved in fraud until Pancho poses as an alleged bank robber. Other episodes included, Rustling, Joe Dawson, foreman at a ranch in San Saba, the gang leader orders two of his henchmen to kill Dawson but to blame the murder on Cisco
38.
The Adventures of Kit Carson
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The Adventures of Kit Carson is an American Western television series that aired in syndication from August 1951 to November 1955, originally sponsored by Coca-Cola. It stars Bill Williams in the role as frontier scout Christopher Kit Carson. Don Diamond co-starred as El Toro, Carsons Mexican companion, the Adventures of Kit Carson was intended for children, and presents a fictionalized version of Carson and his life. In the series, Kit Carson roamed the West with his companion El Toro, Kit rode a horse named Apache. Bill Williams as Kit Carson Don Diamond as El Toro John L. Kit Carson was produced by Revue Productions, the company did not renew the copyright on the programs episodes, so that they moved into the public domain. The Adventures of Kit Carson at the Internet Movie Database The Adventures of Kit Carson at TV. com Public domain episode on Internet Archive
39.
The Adventures of Rin Tin Tin
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The Adventures of Rin Tin Tin is an American childrens television program. Beginning in October 1954 until May 1959,166 episodes originally aired on ABC television network and it starred child actor Lee Aaker as Rusty, a boy orphaned in an Indian raid, who was being raised by the soldiers at a US Cavalry post known as Fort Apache. He and his German shepherd dog, Rin Tin Tin, helped the soldiers to establish order in the American West,62 Texas-born actor James E. Brown appeared as Lieutenant Ripley Rip Masters. Co-stars included veteran actor Joe Sawyer and actor Rand Brooks from Gone with the Wind fame, the episodes were filmed on a low budget, limiting the film stock to black-and-white. Outdoor action was largely at Corriganville Movie Ranch northwest of Los Angeles in Simi Valley. The eponymous dog, Rin Tin Tin IV, lived about 90 miles away at Duncans ranch in Riverside, California, the show ran for five seasons on ABC on Friday evenings from October 1954 to May 1959. ABC reran the series on late afternoons from September 1959 to September 1961, during its first season, The Adventures of Rin Tin Tin finished at #23 in the Nielsen ratings, making it the second-highest rated series on ABC at the time behind Disneyland. Reruns ran on Saturdays on CBS from September 1962 until September 1964, a new package of reruns was shown in 1976, and continued into the mid-1980s. The original black and white prints were tinted light brown with new opening and closing segments filmed in color in Utah, Lee Aaker - Corporal Rusty B-Company James Brown - Lt. Ripley Rip Masters Rin Tin Tin IV/Flame, Jr. - Rin Tin Tin Joe Sawyer - Sgt. Others were Ron Hagerthy and Ewing Mitchell, both later semi-regulars on the Sky King series, and Ed Hinton, John M. Pickard, star of the series Boots and Saddles, appeared three times on Rin Tin Tin. Lee Van Cleef and Harry Dean Stanton were other guest stars, Don Devlin appeared in the episodes The Epidemic and The Ming Vase. Rodolfo Hoyos, Jr. was cast as Don Alfonso Garcia in The Bandit Kingdom, nan Leslie was cast in three 1956 episodes, Rin Tin Tin and the Second Chance, Wagon Train, and Fort Adventure, in the last two segments she played Joan Lambert. Robert Fuller, prior to Laramie, appeared as Stan in the 1958 episode The Epidemic, Harry Cheshire, formerly Judge Ben Wiley on Buffalo Bill, Jr. appeared as Silas Mason in The Misfit Marshal. Brad Johnson, known as deputy Lofty Craig on the syndicated Western series Annie Oakley, robert Knapp was cast in the role of Allen in the 1955 episode The Guilty One. William Fawcett played an elderly fearless marshal fighting the outlaw element in four episodes including the 1955 episode, Higgins Rides Again. com Iverson Movie Ranch, History, vintage photos
40.
Casey Jones (TV series)
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Casey Jones is an American Western series that ran during the 1957-1958 television season, based around the pioneering western railroads. The series aired in syndication in the United States, Casey Jones aired on the BBC in the United Kingdom and on the Seven Network in Australia. Casey lived in Midvale, a town within commuting distance of St. Louis, Missouri, with his wife, Alice, their young son, Casey, Jr. Although there really was a locomotive engineer named Casey Jones of the Illinois Central. However, it uses the names of his train, the Cannonball Express. Unlike Wallie Sims, both Saunders and Webb were African-American, kenneth Gamet, the producer of Casey Jones, offers a gentler Western series against the more violent adult shows of the time. Alan Hale - Casey Jones Dub Taylor - Wallie Sims, the fireman Bobby Clark - Casey Jones, shot for one season, in part because of Alan Hales commitment to filming episodes of Rory Calhouns The Texan, the series ran for 32 half-hour black-and-white episodes. Its theme song was a version of the Ballad of Casey Jones, there are two versions of the opening title sequence. The first version features Pat Hogan alongside Dub Taylor and Eddy Waller, however he appears in the opening episode Night Mail. This version features Cinders the dog but not Mary Lawrence, a reversed image is used in a close up of the Cannonball and the nameplate can be seen as reversed behind the show title. There are alternate versions of the closing credits, both feature Alan Hale, Jr. Alan Hale, Jr. filmed an introduction to the first episode on set with Bobby Clark where he introduced the new series to the audience. The locomotive used in location footage was Sierra No,3, which was also used in many other television shows and films. According to contemporary issues of the UK Radio Times magazine, the series was shown in the UK on BBC1, both runs showed only 26 episodes of the series. It was last shown in the UK in August 1975, Casey Jones at the Internet Movie Database Casey Jones at TV. com Jones Titles on YouTube
41.
Gene Autry
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Orvon Grover Gene Autry was an American performer who gained fame as a singing cowboy on the radio, in movies, and on television for more than three decades beginning in the early 1930s. Autry was also owner of a station, several radio stations in Southern California. From 1934 to 1953, Autry appeared in 93 films and 91 episodes of The Gene Autry Show television series, during the 1930s and 1940s, he personified the straight-shooting hero—honest, brave, and true—and profoundly touched the lives of millions of Americans. Autry was also one of the most important figures in the history of country music and his singing cowboy movies were the first vehicle to carry country music to a national audience. The town of Gene Autry, Oklahoma was named in his honor, orvon Grover Autry was born September 29,1907 near Tioga in Grayson County in north Texas, the grandson of a Methodist preacher. His parents, Delbert Autry and Elnora Ozment, moved in the 1920s to Ravia in Johnston County in southern Oklahoma and he worked on his fathers ranch while at school. After leaving high school in 1925, Autry worked as a telegrapher for the St. Louis–San Francisco Railway and his talent at singing and playing guitar led to performing at local dances. While working as a telegrapher, Autry would sing and accompany himself on the guitar to pass the lonely hours, one night, he was encouraged to sing professionally by a customer, the famous humorist Will Rogers, who had heard Autry singing. As soon as he could collect money to travel, he went to New York and he auditioned for Victor Records, about the time it became RCA Victor. According to Nathaniel Shilkret, director of Light Music for Victor at the time, Shilkret explained to Autry that he was turned down not because of his voice, but because Victor had just made contracts with two similar singers. Autry left with a letter of introduction from Shilkret and the advice to sing on radio to gain experience, L. Watson, recorded My Dreaming of You and My Alabama. Autry signed a deal with Columbia Records in 1929. He worked in Chicago on the WLS-AM radio show National Barn Dance for four years, and with his own show, in his early recording career, Autry covered various genres, including a labor song, The Death of Mother Jones, in 1931. Autry also recorded many records in 1930 and 1931 in New York City. These were much closer in style to the Prairie Ramblers or Dick Justice and these late Prohibition-era songs deal with bootlegging, corrupt police, and women whose occupation was certainly vice. These recordings are not heard today, but are available on European import labels. His first hit was in 1932 with That Silver-Haired Daddy of Mine, a duet with fellow man, Jimmy Long. He wrote Here Comes Santa Claus after being the Grand Marshal of the 1946 Santa Claus Lane Parade and he heard all of the spectators watching the parade saying Here comes Santa Claus
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