1.
Brisbane
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Brisbane is the capital of and most populous city in the Australian state of Queensland, and the third most populous city in Australia. Brisbanes metropolitan area has a population of 2.35 million, the Brisbane central business district stands on the original European settlement and is situated inside a bend of the Brisbane River, about 15 kilometres from its mouth at Moreton Bay. The demonym of Brisbane is Brisbanite, one of the oldest cities in Australia, Brisbane was founded upon the ancient homelands of the indigenous Turrbal and Jagera peoples. A penal settlement was founded in 1824 at Redcliffe,28 kilometres north of the business district. The city was marred by the Australian frontier wars between 1843 and 1855, and development was set back by the Great Fire of Brisbane. Brisbane was chosen as the capital when Queensland was proclaimed a colony from New South Wales in 1859. During World War II, Brisbane played a role in the Allied campaign. Today, Brisbane is well known for its distinct Queenslander architecture which forms much of the built heritage. It also receives attention for its damaging flood events, most notably in 1974 and 2011. Several large cultural, international and sporting events have held at Brisbane, including the 1982 Commonwealth Games, World Expo 88, the final Goodwill Games in 2001. Prior to white settlement, the Brisbane area was inhabited by the Turrbal and they knew the area that is now the central business district as Mian-jin, meaning place shaped as a spike. The Moreton Bay area was explored by Matthew Flinders. On 17 July 1799, Flinders landed at what is now known as Woody Point, in 1823 Governor of New South Wales Sir Thomas Brisbane instructed that a new northern penal settlement be developed, and an exploration party led by John Oxley further explored Moreton Bay. Oxley discovered, named, and explored the Brisbane River as far as Goodna,20 kilometres upstream from the Brisbane central business district, Oxley recommended Red Cliff Point for the new colony, reporting that ships could land at any tide and easily get close to the shore. The party settled in Redcliffe on 13 September 1824, under the command of Lieutenant Henry Miller with 14 soldiers and 29 convicts. However, this settlement was abandoned after a year and the colony was moved to a site on the Brisbane River now known as North Quay,28 km south, chief Justice Forbes gave the new settlement the name of Edenglassie before it was named Brisbane. Non-convict European settlement of the Brisbane region commenced in 1838, German missionaries settled at Zions Hill, Nundah as early as 1837, five years before Brisbane was officially declared a free settlement. The band consisted of ministers Christopher Eipper and Carl Wilhelm Schmidt and lay missionaries Haussmann, Johann Gottried Wagner, Niquet, Hartenstein, Zillman, Franz, Rode, Doege and they were allocated 260 hectares and set about establishing the mission, which became known as the German Station
2.
Queensland
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Queensland is the second-largest and third-most-populous state in the Commonwealth of Australia. Situated in the north-east of the country, it is bordered by the Northern Territory, South Australia and New South Wales to the west, south-west, to the east, Queensland is bordered by the Coral Sea and Pacific Ocean. Queensland has a population of 4,750,500, concentrated along the coast, the state is the worlds sixth largest sub-national entity, with an area of 1,852,642 km2. The capital and largest city in the state is Brisbane, Australias third largest city, often referred to as the Sunshine State, Queensland is home to 10 of Australias 30 largest cities and is the nations third largest economy. Tourism in the state, fuelled largely by its tropical climate, is a major industry. Queensland was first inhabited by Aboriginal Australians and Torres Strait Islanders, the first European to land in Queensland was Dutch navigator Willem Janszoon in 1606, who explored the west coast of the Cape York Peninsula near present-day Weipa. In 1770, Lieutenant James Cook claimed the east coast of Australia for the Kingdom of Great Britain. The colony of New South Wales was founded in 1788 by Governor Arthur Phillip at Sydney, New South Wales at that time included all of what is now Queensland, Queensland was explored in subsequent decades until the establishment of a penal colony at Brisbane in 1824 by John Oxley. Penal transportation ceased in 1839 and free settlement was allowed from 1842, the state was named in honour of Queen Victoria, who on 6 June 1859 signed Letters Patent separating the colony from New South Wales. The 6th of June is now celebrated statewide as Queensland Day. Queensland achieved statehood with the Federation of Australia on 1 January 1901, the history of Queensland spans thousands of years, encompassing both a lengthy indigenous presence, as well as the eventful times of post-European settlement. The north-eastern Australian region was explored by Dutch, Spanish and French navigators before being encountered by Lieutenant James Cook in 1770, the Australian Labor Party has its origin as a formal organisation in Queensland and the town of Barcaldine is the symbolic birthplace of the party. June 2009 marked the 150th anniversary of its creation as a colony from New South Wales. The Aboriginal occupation of Queensland is thought to predate 50,000 BC, likely via boat or land bridge across Torres Strait, during the last ice age Queenslands landscape became more arid and largely desolate, making food and other supplies scarce. This led to the worlds first seed-grinding technology, warming again made the land hospitable, which brought high rainfall along the eastern coast, stimulating the growth of the states tropical rainforests. In February 1606, Dutch navigator Willem Janszoon landed near the site of what is now Weipa and this was the first recorded landing of a European in Australia, and it also marked the first reported contact between European and Aboriginal Australian people. The region was explored by French and Spanish explorers prior to the arrival of Lieutenant James Cook in 1770. Cook claimed the east coast under instruction from King George III of the United Kingdom on 22 August 1770 at Possession Island, naming Eastern Australia, including Queensland, the Aboriginal population declined significantly after a smallpox epidemic during the late 18th century
3.
Australia
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Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands. It is the worlds sixth-largest country by total area, the neighbouring countries are Papua New Guinea, Indonesia and East Timor to the north, the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu to the north-east, and New Zealand to the south-east. Australias capital is Canberra, and its largest urban area is Sydney, for about 50,000 years before the first British settlement in the late 18th century, Australia was inhabited by indigenous Australians, who spoke languages classifiable into roughly 250 groups. The population grew steadily in subsequent decades, and by the 1850s most of the continent had been explored, on 1 January 1901, the six colonies federated, forming the Commonwealth of Australia. Australia has since maintained a liberal democratic political system that functions as a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy comprising six states. The population of 24 million is highly urbanised and heavily concentrated on the eastern seaboard, Australia has the worlds 13th-largest economy and ninth-highest per capita income. With the second-highest human development index globally, the country highly in quality of life, health, education, economic freedom. The name Australia is derived from the Latin Terra Australis a name used for putative lands in the southern hemisphere since ancient times, the Dutch adjectival form Australische was used in a Dutch book in Batavia in 1638, to refer to the newly discovered lands to the south. On 12 December 1817, Macquarie recommended to the Colonial Office that it be formally adopted, in 1824, the Admiralty agreed that the continent should be known officially as Australia. The first official published use of the term Australia came with the 1830 publication of The Australia Directory and these first inhabitants may have been ancestors of modern Indigenous Australians. The Torres Strait Islanders, ethnically Melanesian, were originally horticulturists, the northern coasts and waters of Australia were visited sporadically by fishermen from Maritime Southeast Asia. The first recorded European sighting of the Australian mainland, and the first recorded European landfall on the Australian continent, are attributed to the Dutch. The first ship and crew to chart the Australian coast and meet with Aboriginal people was the Duyfken captained by Dutch navigator, Willem Janszoon. He sighted the coast of Cape York Peninsula in early 1606, the Dutch charted the whole of the western and northern coastlines and named the island continent New Holland during the 17th century, but made no attempt at settlement. William Dampier, an English explorer and privateer, landed on the north-west coast of New Holland in 1688, in 1770, James Cook sailed along and mapped the east coast, which he named New South Wales and claimed for Great Britain. The first settlement led to the foundation of Sydney, and the exploration, a British settlement was established in Van Diemens Land, now known as Tasmania, in 1803, and it became a separate colony in 1825. The United Kingdom formally claimed the part of Western Australia in 1828. Separate colonies were carved from parts of New South Wales, South Australia in 1836, Victoria in 1851, the Northern Territory was founded in 1911 when it was excised from South Australia
4.
Southport, Queensland
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Southport is a suburb and the central business district near the midpoint of Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia and has one of the citys largest communities. At the 2011 Census, Southport had a population of 28,315, originally known as Nerang Creek Heads, it was named Southport because it was the southernmost port of the colony of Queensland. Southport is recognised as the business district of the City of Gold Coast. It has the citys largest area of space at 103,818 m2. In the past, Southport was the central entertainment location of the Gold Coast, in current times it is set apart from the normal tourist hub of the Gold Coast. However, it has still experienced tourist-driven development and extraordinary growth, Southport has 18 high-rise towers either completed, under construction or awaiting commencement. In the 2011 Census the population of Southport is 28,315,51. 5% female and 48. 5% male, the median/average age of the Southport population is 36 years of age,1 year below the Australian average. 55. 2% of people living in Southport were born in Australia, the other top responses for country of birth were New Zealand 7. 3%, England 4. 3%, Korea, Republic of 2. 9%, China 2. 7%, Japan 1. 7%. 69. 8% of people speak English as their first language 3% Korean,2. 7% Mandarin, a settlement was first surveyed in 1874 and the name Southport decided the following year. Southport was once the site of timber mills, a port was established to ship logs to Brisbane. Cutting timber opened up the area for settlement, early rural industries included sugar growing and livestock grazing. In 1883, the first Southport Pier was built to allow steamships to bring cargo, in the 1880s, the Southport became the chosen site for the holiday residence of the Queensland Governor Sir Anthony Musgrave and his wife Lady Musgrave. Following the death of the governor in 1888, the Summer Place continued to be a home for visitors to the area. In 1889 the South Coast railway from Beenleigh to Southport opened, the line was closed in 1964. By 1901 Federation Southport was well established as a tourist seaside spot with accommodation options. The construction of the Jubilee Bridge in 1925 between Southport and Main Beach replaced the service and facilitated further growth. In 2010, renovation of the parklands required the relocation of the memorial, a cement jetty was built in 1914 to replace the earlier structure. In 1927, the Pier Theatre which included a cafe and indoor golf course was built on the jetty, a fire destroyed the structure in 1932 but it was rebuilt and open to the public for nearly forty years
5.
Sydney
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Sydney /ˈsɪdni/ is the state capital of New South Wales and the most populous city in Australia and Oceania. Located on Australias east coast, the metropolis surrounds the worlds largest natural harbour, residents of Sydney are known as Sydneysiders. The Sydney area has been inhabited by indigenous Australians for at least 30,000 years, the first British settlers, led by Captain Arthur Phillip, arrived in 1788 to found Sydney as a penal colony, the first European settlement in Australia. Since convict transportation ended in the century, the city has transformed from a colonial outpost into a major global cultural. As at June 2016 Sydneys estimated population was 5,005,358, in the 2011 census,34 percent of the population reported having been born overseas, representing many different nationalities and making Sydney one of the most multicultural cities in the world. There are more than 250 different languages spoken in Sydney and about one-third of residents speak a language other than English at home and it is classified as an Alpha+ World City by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network, indicating its influence in the region and throughout the world. Ranked eleventh in the world for economic opportunity, Sydney has a market economy with strengths in finance, manufacturing. Its gross regional product was $337 billion in 2013, the largest in Australia, there is a significant concentration of foreign banks and multinational corporations in Sydney and the city is promoted as one of Asia Pacifics leading financial hubs. Its natural features include Sydney Harbour, the Royal National Park, man-made attractions such as the Sydney Opera House, Sydney Tower and the Sydney Harbour Bridge are also well known to international visitors. The first people to inhabit the now known as Sydney were indigenous Australians having migrated from northern Australia. Radiocarbon dating suggests human activity first started to occur in the Sydney area from around 30,735 years ago, the earliest British settlers called them Eora people. Eora is the term the indigenous used to explain their origins upon first contact with the British. Its literal meaning is from this place, prior to the arrival of the British there were 4,000 to 8,000 native people in Sydney from as many as 29 different clans. Sydney Cove from Port Jackson to Petersham was inhabited by the Cadigal clan, the principal language groups were Darug, Guringai, and Dharawal. The earliest Europeans to visit the area noted that the people were conducting activities such as camping and fishing, using trees for bark and food, collecting shells. Development has destroyed much of the citys history including that of the first inhabitants, there continues to be examples of rock art and engravings located in the protected Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park. The first meeting between the people and the British occurred on 29 April 1770 when Lieutenant James Cook landed at Botany Bay on the Kurnell Peninsula. He noted in his journal that they were confused and somewhat hostile towards the foreign visitors, Cook was on a mission of exploration and was not commissioned to start a settlement
6.
New South Wales
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New South Wales is a state on the east coast of Australia. It borders Queensland to the north, Victoria to the south and it has a coast line with the Tasman Sea on its east side. The Australian Capital Territory is an enclave within the state, New South Wales state capital is Sydney, which is also Australias most populous city. In March 2014, the population of New South Wales was 7.5 million. Just under two-thirds of the population,4.67 million. Inhabitants of New South Wales are referred to as New South Welshmen, the Colony of New South Wales was founded as a penal colony in 1788. It originally comprised a more than half of the Australian mainland with its western boundary set at 129th meridian east in 1825, in addition, the colony also included the island territories of New Zealand, Van Diemens Land, Lord Howe Island, and Norfolk Island. During the 19th century, most of the area was detached to form separate British colonies that eventually became New Zealand. However, the Swan River Colony has never administered as part of New South Wales. Lord Howe Island remains part of New South Wales, while Norfolk Island has become a federal Territory, as have the now known as the Australian Capital Territory. The prior inhabitants of New South Wales were the Aboriginal tribes who arrived in Australia about 40,000 to 60,000 years ago, before European settlement there were an estimated 250,000 Aboriginal people in the region. The Wodi Wodi people are the custodians of the Illawarra region of South Sydney. The Bundjalung people are the custodians of parts of the northern coastal areas. The European discovery of New South Wales was made by Captain James Cook during his 1770 survey along the eastern coast of the Dutch-named continent of New Holland. In his original journal covering the survey, in triplicate to satisfy Admiralty Orders, Cook first named the land New Wales, however, in the copy held by the Admiralty, he revised the wording to New South Wales. After years of chaos and anarchy after the overthrow of Governor William Bligh, macquaries legacy is still evident today. During the 19th century, large areas were separated to form the British colonies of Tasmania, South Australia, Victoria. Responsible government was granted to the New South Wales colony in 1855, following the Treaty of Waitangi, William Hobson declared British sovereignty over New Zealand in 1840
7.
Brisbane State High School
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Brisbane State High School is a partially selective, co-educational, state secondary school, located in South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It is a member of the Great Public Schools Association of Queensland, and it was the first state secondary school established in Brisbane, as well as the first academic state high school to be founded in Queensland. In 2017, there were 3,190 students in Years 7–12, one of the schools buildings, H Block, was the former Brisbane South Girls and Infants School built in 1864 and is now listed on the Queensland Heritage Register. T. The year 1913 is generally taken as the start of the Brisbane State High School, further light on the origins of the schools is shed in Philip Walker Davidsons work, Great Public Schools, an investigation into G. P. S. The name Brisbane State High School was then first applied, although the schools beginning is taken as having been 1913, it was relocated to its current campus next to Musgrave Park at South Brisbane in 1925. The headmastership of David Sutton witnessed a revival in ceremony and tradition coupled with continual academic improvement. For the 6 years from 2003–2008, then to 2012, the OP results consistently climbed, with 86% of students receiving an OP of 1-15 in 2008, and nearly 95% of students in 2012 received an OP of 1-15. Suttons successor, Richard Morrison, reformed the process for academic-merit entrants, introduced the Aspire program. Mr Wade Haynes, a former Acting Principal of the school, was his successor, the rankings of the nations top schools compiled by The Australian in May 2010 saw Brisbane State High as the only Queensland state school placed in the top 100. 94. 8% of students were within the 1-15 OP bands in 2012, in 2013, the school further excelled, with a record number of 41 OP1. However, due to bonus rank scored from particular studies and subjects, in 2015,46 students achieved an OP1. Brisbane State Highs Queensland Great Public Schools premierships include, In 2009, the team broke the GPS record when the school beat Brisbane Grammar School 103-0. The match was abandoned when the referee called the game off with 7 minutes permitted to play. This First XV has been regarded by many as the best GPS rugby team in Australia from this decade, two other players are representing the Australian A School boys team. This equaled the feats of the class of 2007, when two players represented the Australian schoolboys Rugby Union team while two others represented Australia A, another two boys represented the Australian schoolboys rugby league team. As of 2016 Brisbane State High School has the second most Australian Schoolboy Rugby caps in Queensland at 60, the Symphonic Band, Symphony Orchestra and Big Band also attend annual band camps with various workshops, sectionals and rehearsals. The Junior and Senior Dance Troupes are also offered, regular school musicals and drama nights provide the opportunity for drama students to showcase their talents. The school consistently performs well in these fields, with the Symphony Orchestra coming first in Australia in Fanfare 2005 held in Melbourne
8.
Longford Lyell Award
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The award is presented at the annual AACTA Awards Luncheon, which hand out accolades for technical achievements in feature film, television, documentaries and short films. From 1968 to 2010, the award was presented by the Australian Film Institute, when the AFI launched the Academy in 2011, it changed the annual ceremony to the AACTA Awards, with the current award being a continuum of the AFI Raymond Longford Award. In 2015, the name of the award was changed to Longford Lyell Award in recognition of Longfords creative and life partner, actress, recipients of this award are film and television directors, directors, producers, actors, cinematographers and film editors. People of Australian origin dominate the list, but European-born Australian citizens have also been recognised, the award was first presented to film director and editor Ian Dunlop. The award has also been made posthumously to actor John Meillon in 1989 who died that year, the most recent recipient of the award is actress Cate Blanchett in 2015
9.
Australians
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Australians, colloquially known as Aussies, are people associated with Australia, sharing a common history, culture, and language. Present-day Australians are citizens of the Commonwealth of Australia, governed by its nationality law, the majority of Australians descend from the peoples of the British Isles. Many early settlements were penal colonies, and transported convicts made up a significant proportion of the population in most colonies, large-scale immigration did not occur until the 1850s, following a series of gold rushes. Prior to British settlement, Australia was inhabited by indigenous peoples – Aboriginal Australians, Aboriginal Tasmanians, and Torres Strait Islanders. A small percentage of present-day Australians descend from these peoples, the development of a separate Australian identity and national character is most often linked with the period surrounding the First World War, which gave rise to the concept of the Anzac spirit. The Eureka Rebellion of 1854 and various events of the Second World War, large-scale immigration occurred after the First and Second World Wars, with many post-World War II migrants coming from Southern and Eastern Europe introducing a variety of elements. Immigration from the Middle East, south and east Asia, Australian culture has diverged significantly since British settlement. Australians are referred to as Aussie and Antipodean, Australians were historically referred to as Colonials, British and British subjects. Australian identity draws on a multicultural, European and British cultural heritage, today, Australians of Anglo and other European descent are the dominant majority in Australia, estimated at 85–92% of the total population. Historically, European immigrants had great influence over Australian history and society, since soon after the beginning of British settlement in 1788, people of European descent have formed the majority of the population in Australia. The majority of Australians are of British – English, Scottish, Welsh, Cornish, or Manx –, although some observers stress Australias convict history, the vast majority of early settlers came of their own free will. Far more Australians are descended from assisted immigrants than from convicts, about 20% of Australians are descendants of convicts. Most of the first Australian settlers came from London, the Midlands and the North of England, anglo-Celtic Australians have been highly influential in shaping the nations culture. By the mid-1840s, the numbers of settlers had overtaken the convict population. In 1888,60 percent of the Australian population had been born in Australia, out of the remaining 40 percent,34 percent had been born in the British Isles, and 6 percent were of European origin, mainly from Germany and Scandinavia. In the 1840s, Scots-born immigrants constituted 12 percent of the Australian population, there were 1.3 million British migrants to Australia in the period from 1861–1914, of which 13.5 percent were Scots. 5.3 percent of the convicts transported to Eastern Australia between 1789 and 1852 were Scots, by 1850, there were 290,000 Aboriginal Australians. The European population grew from 0.3 percent of the population of the continent at 1800 to 58.6 percent at 1850, germans formed the largest non-British community for most of the 19th century
10.
Character actor
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A character actor or character actress is a supporting actor who plays unusual, interesting, or eccentric characters. The term, often contrasted with that of leading actor, is somewhat abstract, in a literal sense, all actors can be considered character actors since they all play characters, but in the usual sense it is an actor who plays a distinctive and important supporting role. In either case, character actor roles are more substantial than bit parts or non-speaking extras, the term is used primarily to describe television and film actors, and is less used to describe theater actors. An early use of the term was in the 1883 edition of The Stage, Actors with a long career history of playing character roles may be difficult for audiences to recognize as being the same actor, if they play such roles convincingly and memorably. Unlike leading actors, they are seen as less glamorous. Generally, the names of actors are not featured prominently in movie and television advertising on the marquee. Some character actors have distinctive voices or accents, or they develop memorable mannerisms, a character actor with a long career may not have a well-known name, yet may be instantly recognizable. During the course of a career, an actor can sometimes shift between leading roles and secondary roles. Some leading actors, as they get older, find that access to leading roles is limited by their increasing age, in the past, actors of color, who were often barred from roles for which they were otherwise suited, found work performing ethnic stereotypes. Sometimes character actors have developed based on specific talents needed in genre films, such as dancing, horsemanship, acrobatics, swimming ability. Some character actors develop a following with a particular audience. Ed Lauter usually portrayed a menacing figure because of his long, angular face which was recognized in public. Character actors can play a variety of types, such as the femme fatale, gunslinger, sidekick, town drunk, villain, whore with a heart of gold, Character actors subsume themselves into the characters they portray, such that their off-screen acting persona is practically unrecognizable. According to one view, great actors are rarely out of work. They are also highly regarded by fellow actors. Stock character Commedia dellarte Quinlan, David, quinlans Illustrated Directory of Film Character Actors. Character Kings, Hollywoods Familiar Faces Discuss the Art & Business of Acting
11.
Eisteddfod
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In Welsh culture, an eisteddfod is a Welsh festival of literature, music and performance. The current format owes much to an 18th-century revival arising out of a number of informal eisteddfodau, the closest English equivalent to eisteddfod is session, the word is formed from two Welsh morphemes, eistedd, meaning sit, and bod, meaning be. In some countries, the term eisteddfod is used for types of performing arts competitions that have nothing to do with Welsh culture. The date of the first eisteddfod is a matter of debate among scholars. These judging boards had probably derived from ancient Celtic bardic traditions, the first recorded eisteddfod was held under the auspices of The Lord Rhys at Cardigan Castle in 1176. There he held a gathering to which were invited poets and musicians from all parts of Wales, a chair at the Lords table was awarded to the best poet and musician, a tradition that prevails in the modern day National Eisteddfod. The earliest large-scale eisteddfod that is known is the Carmarthen Eisteddfod in 1451 under Thomas ap Gruffydd of Llandeilo. The next recorded large-scale eisteddfod was held in Caerwys in 1568, the prizes awarded were a miniature silver chair to the successful poet, a little silver crwth to the winning fiddler, a silver tongue to the best singer, and a tiny silver harp to the best harpist. Originally, the contests were limited to professional Welsh bards who were paid by the nobility, in the 16th century, Elizabeth I of England commanded that the bards be examined and licensed to ensure performance standards. But interest in the Welsh arts declined during the 17th and 18th centuries, gatherings also became more informal, poets would often meet in taverns and open spaces and have assemblies of rhymers. These meetings kept traditions alive, the winners even still received a chair, a chair was a prized award because of its perceived social status. Throughout the medieval period, high-backed chairs with arm rests were reserved for royalty and high-status leaders in military, religious, as most ordinary people sat on stools until the 1700s, an armchair conveyed status to a winning bard. In 1789, Thomas Jones organised an eisteddfod in Corwen, where for the first time the public were admitted, the success of this event led to a revival of interest in Welsh literature and music. The earliest known surviving Bardic chair made specifically for an Eisteddfod was built in Carmarthen in 1819, iolo Morganwg founded Gorsedd Beirdd Ynys Prydain in 1792 to restore and replace the ancient eisteddfod. The first eisteddfod of the revival was held on Primrose Hill, the Gentlemans Magazine of October 1792 reported on the revival of the eisteddfod tradition. This being the day on which the autumnal equinox occurred, some Welsh bards resident in London assembled in congress on Primrose Hill, according to ancient usage. The Blue Books notorious attack on the character of the Welsh as a nation in 1846 led to public anger, by the 1850s people began to talk of a national eisteddfod to showcase Waless culture. In 1858 John Williams ab Ithel held a National Eisteddfod complete with Gorsedd in Llangollen, the great Llangollen Eisteddfod of 1858 was a significant event
12.
4BH
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Talking Lifestyle is a radio station in Brisbane, the state capital of Queensland, Australia. Its analog broadcast frequency is 882 KHz AM, simulcasted on radio channel 9B. It is owned by Macquarie Media, Magic 882 broadcasts from its Cannon Hill headquarters, and is the sister station of 4BC. Lovejoy was replaced in 1975 by Warren Stagg, some of the announcers of the time were Ben Beckinsale, Russ Walkington, Ken Guy, John Flemming, Jimmy White, and John Kerr. He took over from Barry Augustus, who led the station one of its most successful periods through the late 70s and 1980s. In 1988, the station was sold to a local consortium, the station successfully bid for an FM license in 1990 but couldnt come up with the cash when it was time to pay. 4KQ was the second-highest bidder but also failed to produce the cash, 4BH was relocated from Spring Hill to shared studios at the 106.9 QFM building in North Ipswich. Between 1995 and 1997, 4BH returned to the top two ratings position, in August 2002, the stations transmitter in Wynnum West was felled by vandals, causing the station to go off air. The station returned to air a few days later on low power, two teenagers were eventually charged and pleaded guilty. It later emerged that the reason for the attack was due to a dislike of the transmitter site, in 2004 the station moved from to new purpose built premises at Cannon Hill in 2004. Since November 2007, 4BH, and all Southern Cross Broadcasting radio stations, has been owned by Fairfax Media, on 13 January 2014, 4BH rebranded itself as Magic 882, with a new positioner of The songs you know and love. In November 2015, it was announced that the station would begin taking network programming from sister station Magic 1278 in Melbourne, the stations on-air presenters and a number of administration staff were made redundant. In February 2017, Macquarie Radio Network announced that Magic 1278 will relaunch as Talking Lifestyle from Monday 27 February, the on-air line-up will include Ed Phillips, Catriona Rowntree, Nick Bennett, Dee Dee Dunleavy and Sabina Read
13.
Freemasonry
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The degrees of freemasonry retain the three grades of medieval craft guilds, those of Apprentice, Journeyman or fellow, and Master Mason. These are the degrees offered by Craft Freemasonry, members of these organisations are known as Freemasons or Masons. There are additional degrees, which vary with locality and jurisdiction, the basic, local organisational unit of Freemasonry is the Lodge. The Lodges are usually supervised and governed at the level by a Grand Lodge or Grand Orient. There is no international, worldwide Grand Lodge that supervises all of Freemasonry, each Grand Lodge is independent, modern Freemasonry broadly consists of two main recognition groups. Continental Freemasonry is now the term for the liberal jurisdictions who have removed some, or all. The Masonic Lodge is the organisational unit of Freemasonry. The Lodge meets regularly to conduct the formal business of any small organisation. In addition to business, the meeting may perform a ceremony to confer a Masonic degree or receive a lecture, at the conclusion of the meeting, the Lodge might adjourn for a formal dinner, or festive board, sometimes involving toasting and song. The bulk of Masonic ritual consists of degree ceremonies, candidates for Freemasonry are progressively initiated into Freemasonry, first in the degree of Entered Apprentice. Some time later, in a ceremony, they will be passed to the degree of Fellowcraft. In all of ceremonies, the candidate is entrusted with passwords, signs. Another ceremony is the installation of the Master and officers of the Lodge. In some jurisdictions Installed Master is valued as a separate rank, in other jurisdictions, the grade is not recognised, and no inner ceremony conveys new secrets during the installation of a new Master of the Lodge. Most Lodges have some sort of calendar, allowing Masons. Often coupled with events is the obligation placed on every Mason to contribute to charity. This occurs at both Lodge and Grand Lodge level, Masonic charities contribute to many fields from education to disaster relief. These private local Lodges form the backbone of Freemasonry, and a Freemason will necessarily have been initiated into one of these, there also exist specialist Lodges where Masons meet to celebrate anything from sport to Masonic research
14.
England
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England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west, the Irish Sea lies northwest of England and the Celtic Sea lies to the southwest. England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east, the country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain in its centre and south, and includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly, and the Isle of Wight. England became a state in the 10th century, and since the Age of Discovery. The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England, transforming its society into the worlds first industrialised nation, Englands terrain mostly comprises low hills and plains, especially in central and southern England. However, there are uplands in the north and in the southwest, the capital is London, which is the largest metropolitan area in both the United Kingdom and the European Union. In 1801, Great Britain was united with the Kingdom of Ireland through another Act of Union to become the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. In 1922 the Irish Free State seceded from the United Kingdom, leading to the latter being renamed the United Kingdom of Great Britain, the name England is derived from the Old English name Englaland, which means land of the Angles. The Angles were one of the Germanic tribes that settled in Great Britain during the Early Middle Ages, the Angles came from the Angeln peninsula in the Bay of Kiel area of the Baltic Sea. The earliest recorded use of the term, as Engla londe, is in the ninth century translation into Old English of Bedes Ecclesiastical History of the English People. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, its spelling was first used in 1538. The earliest attested reference to the Angles occurs in the 1st-century work by Tacitus, Germania, the etymology of the tribal name itself is disputed by scholars, it has been suggested that it derives from the shape of the Angeln peninsula, an angular shape. An alternative name for England is Albion, the name Albion originally referred to the entire island of Great Britain. The nominally earliest record of the name appears in the Aristotelian Corpus, specifically the 4th century BC De Mundo, in it are two very large islands called Britannia, these are Albion and Ierne. But modern scholarly consensus ascribes De Mundo not to Aristotle but to Pseudo-Aristotle, the word Albion or insula Albionum has two possible origins. Albion is now applied to England in a poetic capacity. Another romantic name for England is Loegria, related to the Welsh word for England, Lloegr, the earliest known evidence of human presence in the area now known as England was that of Homo antecessor, dating to approximately 780,000 years ago. The oldest proto-human bones discovered in England date from 500,000 years ago, Modern humans are known to have inhabited the area during the Upper Paleolithic period, though permanent settlements were only established within the last 6,000 years
15.
Beryl Reid
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Beryl Elizabeth Reid, OBE was a British actress of stage and screen. Her film appearances included The Belles of St, leaving school at 16, she made her debut in 1936 as a music hall performer at the Floral Hall, Bridlington. Before and during the Second World War, she took part in variety shows and she had no formal training but later appeared at the Royal National Theatre in London as a comedy actress. Her first big success came in the BBC radio show Educating Archie as naughty schoolgirl Monica and later as the Brummie and her many film and television roles as a character actor were usually well received. The tour of the play was not a success, people in shops refused to serve her and other due to the gay characters in the play. She was the subject of This Is Your Life in 1976 when she was surprised by Eamonn Andrews in the car park of Thames Television’s Teddington Studios, in both Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy and Smileys People Reid played Connie Sachs. For Smileys People she won a BAFTA for Best Actress on Television and she also wrote an autobiography, So Much Love, which was well received. She played the part of an elderly feminist and political subversive in the 1987 television drama, The Beiderbecke Tapes. Always a big personality, character actress, gifted in comedy, she appeared in many comedy and variety programes on TV including BBC TVs long running music hall show. Between 1981 and 1983, she co presented the Childrens TV programe Get up and Go for Yorkshire Television, her co - presenter Mooncat being a green, talking, stephen Boxer was her human co-star. After she left the show it became titled simply *Mooncat and Co She married twice but had no children, an authorised biography, Roll Out the Beryl is due for publication by Fantom Films on 22 August 2016. Written by Kaye Crawford, it is the first biography to be written of the actress, Beryl Reid died on 13 October 1996 from pneumonia and osteoporosis at a South Buckinghamshire hospital following knee surgery. Beryl Reid at the Internet Broadway Database Beryl Reid at the British Film Institutes Screenonline Beryl Reid at the Internet Movie Database Beryl Reids appearance on This Is Your Life
16.
Patrick Wymark
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Patrick Wymark was an English, stage, film and television actor. Wymark was born Patrick Carl Cheeseman in Cleethorpes, Lincolnshire the son of Thomas William Cheeseman and Maria Agnes, daughter of Carl Olsen and he was brought up in neighbouring Grimsby and frequently revisited the area at the height of his career. Wymark attended University College London before training at the Old Vic Theatre School and he toured South Africa the following year and then directed plays for the drama department at Stanford University, California. Other stage credits included the role in Dantons Death and, with the Royal Shakespeare Company. His theatre roles also included Bosola in a RSC production of John Websters The Duchess of Malfi in 1960, however, Wymark was a gentle person in real life and was, by his own admission, ignorant of business matters. He considered the character of Wilder a bastard and was described by his wife Olwen as the most inefficient, in the mid-1960s, Wymark was considered as the replacement for William Hartnell in the title role of Doctor Who. He took his name from his grandfather-in-law, the writer William Wymark Jacobs. The couple lived in Parliament Hill, Hampstead, and had four children and he had a brother, John Cheeseman. Wymark died suddenly in Melbourne, Australia on 20 October 1970, aged 44 and he had been due to star in the play Sleuth at the Comedy Theatre three days later. On the night of his death, he was to appear on the TV variety programme In Melbourne Tonight. He, guest Richard Deacon and host Stuart Wagstaff had just appeared together in a TV production of Hans Christian Andersen stories, host Wagstaff was informed of Wymarks death mid-way through the programme and announced it at the end. He was buried at Highgate Cemetery in London, Wymark View—located in his home town, Grimsby—is named after him. The League of Gentlemen - Wyile The Criminal - Sol West 11 - Father Hogan Dr
17.
Tough Guy Competition
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Tough Guy claims to be the worlds most demanding one-day survival ordeal. First staged in 1987, the Tough Guy Challenge is held on a 600-acre farm in Perton, Staffordshire, near Wolverhampton, England, and is organised by Billy Wilson. It has been described as the toughest race in the world. After 27 stagings of the event, Wilson still claimed nobody had ever finished the course according to his extremely demanding rules. The race, and its equivalent, has suffered two fatalities during its history. Taking place at the end of January, often in freezing winter conditions and it consists of a cross-country run including many 50 metre slalom runs up and down a hill, over 6 feet deep mud and water filled ditches, log jumps, followed by an assault course. Claimed to be tougher than any other publicly accessible worldwide, featuring over 25 obstacles through, under and over freezing water pools, over fire pits, rope bridges, nets, there are many high timber towers to climb with the Brandenburg gate at 50 feet being the highest. Marshals, dressed as warriors, fire amphibious tank gun blanks and let off exploding flares, until 2000, some runners took part in the event carrying heavy wooden crucifixes. Entry fees start at £75 and increase on fixed dates as one gets nearer to the event, so the later one signs up for the event, entrants have to be 16 or older. The event regularly attracts fields of up to 5,000 competitors, many from the United States, France, Germany and various countries around the world. Before taking part, entrants must sign a warrant, which acknowledges the many risks and dangers. First aid is provided by 2 Doctors, Paramedics, Nurses,60 First Aiders St. John Ambulance. In 2000, one competitor, Michael Green, from Leicestershire, collapsed midway through the race and later died in hospital, according to Wilson, this was the first fatality in 15 years. Other injuries suffered in the event are common, nettle Warrior is the summer version of Tough Guy, first staged in 1998, and is normally run at the end of July. Though the course is essentially the same as Tough Guy, there are notable differences, nettle Warrior involves two laps of an area the organizers have called The Killing Fields, a log carry and some rafting as part of The Lake obstacle. A former Grenadier Guards trained soldier in the British Army, Wilsons earliest sporting exploits were as a cyclist, a career that was curtailed after an accident on the Aldersley track. Road related leg injuries and increasing traffic saw Wilson shift his focus to his events, staged on his own land. The race consists of a country run, followed by an obstacle course
18.
BBC
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The British Broadcasting Corporation is a British public service broadcaster. It is headquartered at Broadcasting House in London, the BBC is the worlds oldest national broadcasting organisation and the largest broadcaster in the world by number of employees. It employs over 20,950 staff in total,16,672 of whom are in public sector broadcasting, the total number of staff is 35,402 when part-time, flexible, and fixed contract staff are included. The BBC is established under a Royal Charter and operates under its Agreement with the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport. The fee is set by the British Government, agreed by Parliament, and used to fund the BBCs radio, TV, britains first live public broadcast from the Marconi factory in Chelmsford took place in June 1920. It was sponsored by the Daily Mails Lord Northcliffe and featured the famous Australian Soprano Dame Nellie Melba, the Melba broadcast caught the peoples imagination and marked a turning point in the British publics attitude to radio. However, this public enthusiasm was not shared in official circles where such broadcasts were held to interfere with important military and civil communications. By late 1920, pressure from these quarters and uneasiness among the staff of the licensing authority, the General Post Office, was sufficient to lead to a ban on further Chelmsford broadcasts. But by 1922, the GPO had received nearly 100 broadcast licence requests, John Reith, a Scottish Calvinist, was appointed its General Manager in December 1922 a few weeks after the company made its first official broadcast. The company was to be financed by a royalty on the sale of BBC wireless receiving sets from approved manufacturers, to this day, the BBC aims to follow the Reithian directive to inform, educate and entertain. The financial arrangements soon proved inadequate, set sales were disappointing as amateurs made their own receivers and listeners bought rival unlicensed sets. By mid-1923, discussions between the GPO and the BBC had become deadlocked and the Postmaster-General commissioned a review of broadcasting by the Sykes Committee and this was to be followed by a simple 10 shillings licence fee with no royalty once the wireless manufactures protection expired. The BBCs broadcasting monopoly was made explicit for the duration of its current broadcast licence, the BBC was also banned from presenting news bulletins before 19.00, and required to source all news from external wire services. Mid-1925 found the future of broadcasting under further consideration, this time by the Crawford committee, by now the BBC under Reiths leadership had forged a consensus favouring a continuation of the unified broadcasting service, but more money was still required to finance rapid expansion. Wireless manufacturers were anxious to exit the loss making consortium with Reith keen that the BBC be seen as a service rather than a commercial enterprise. The recommendations of the Crawford Committee were published in March the following year and were still under consideration by the GPO when the 1926 general strike broke out in May. The strike temporarily interrupted newspaper production and with restrictions on news bulletins waived the BBC suddenly became the source of news for the duration of the crisis. The crisis placed the BBC in a delicate position, the Government was divided on how to handle the BBC but ended up trusting Reith, whose opposition to the strike mirrored the PMs own
19.
Gerry Anderson
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Gerry Anderson, MBE was an English television and film producer, director, writer and occasional voice artist. He remains famous for his television programmes, especially his 1960s productions filmed with Supermarionation. Andersons first television production was the 1957 Roberta Leigh childrens series The Adventures of Twizzle, Supercar and Fireball XL5 followed later, both series breaking into the US television market in the early 1960s. In the mid-1960s Anderson produced his most successful series, Thunderbirds, other television productions of the 1960s include Stingray and Captain Scarlet and the Mysterons. Anderson also wrote and produced feature films whose box office performance was unexceptional. Later projects include a 2005 CGI remake of Captain Scarlet entitled Gerry Andersons New Captain Scarlet, gerald Alexander Abrahams was born in the Elizabeth Garrett Anderson and Obstetric Hospital in Bloomsbury, London, and spent the early years of his life in Kilburn, and Neasden, London. He was educated at Kingsgate Infants School in Kilburn and Braintcroft Junior and Senior schools in Neasden and his parents were Deborah and Joseph Abrahams. Andersons Jewish paternal grandfather had the surname Bieloglovski and he fled from an area near the Poland–Russia border and settled in London, his name was changed to Abrahams by an immigration official upon his arrival in 1895. Andersons mother Deborah changed the name to Anderson in 1939. At the start of the Second World War, Gerry Andersons elder brother, Lionel, volunteered for service in the Royal Air Force, he was stationed in the United States for advanced training. Lionel often wrote letters to his family, and in one letter described a US Army Air Forces air base called Thunderbird Field, on 16 October 1952, Anderson married Betty Wrightman. They had two daughters, Linda and Joy, Gerry Anderson began his career in photography, earning a traineeship with the British Colonial Film Unit after the war. He developed an interest in editing and moved on to Gainsborough Pictures. In 1947 he was conscripted for service with the Royal Air Force. He was based at RAF Manston, an airfield near Margate, on one occasion, a Spitfire was coming in to land. It was only about 50 feet above the ground before the runway controller alerted the pilot to the fact the planes undercarriage hadnt lowered, the pilot opened up the throttle and climbed away. As this was a moment Anderson always remembered, he found it all too easy to write about aircraft when he devised stories for Thunderbirds, after completing his military service, he returned to Gainsborough, where he worked until the studio was closed in 1950. He then worked freelance on a series of feature films, in the mid-1950s, Anderson joined the independent television production company Polytechnic Studios as a director, where he met cameraman Arthur Provis
20.
Supermarionation
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Supermarionation is a puppetry technique devised in the 1960s by British production company AP Films. It was used extensively in the companys numerous Gerry and Sylvia Anderson-produced action-adventure series, the term was coined by Gerry Anderson. The system used marionettes suspended and controlled by thin wires, the fine metal filaments were both suspension-control wires for puppet movement, and electric cables that provided control signals to the electronic components in the marionettes heads. The heads contained solenoids that created the movements for dialogue. The voice synchronisation was achieved with a specially designed audio filter and this filter converted the signal into a series of pulses that travelled to the solenoids controlling the puppets lips. Up to and including Thunderbirds, these mechanisms were placed inside the puppets heads. This required that the heads be disproportionately large compared to the bodies, the rest of the body could not be increased to match, lest the puppet be too bulky to operate. With the advent of miniaturised electronic components in the mid-1960s, a new type of puppet was designed with mechanisms in the chest. This resulted in a far more proportionate appearance for the puppets, first appearing in Captain Scarlet, the personal hovercraft used in Fireball XL5 and Thunderbirds were one of the devices the producers used to overcome this. Occasionally, close-ups of an actors hand would be inserted to show actions such as turning keys. This was affectionately parodied in the 2004 live-action feature film Thunderbirds, with a shot of a puppet hand, suspended by wires. In many cases, the puppets were modelled on the actor voicing the role, two examples are Lady Penelope in Thunderbirds, which closely resembled Sylvia Anderson, and Captain Blue in Captain Scarlet, who looks like his voice actor Ed Bishop. Stingray also featured the only non-speaking Supermarionation puppet, the water-breathing woman Marina, as a result, Four Feather Falls is often omitted from lists of Supermarionation productions. The Secret Service was actually a hybrid of action and Supermarionation, using footage of live actors from a distance to depict driving, walking. Production was cancelled by ITC owner Lew Grade before the episode aired. Despite the poor reception, Anderson has been quoted as naming The Secret Service as his favorite Supermarionation series, in 1973, Anderson produced a pilot episode for another Supermarionation/live-action hybrid entitled The Investigator but was displeased with the results, so no series resulted. This is the last known occasion in which a full Supermarionation production was mounted, two feature films based upon Thunderbirds were also made with Supermarionation, Thunderbirds Are Go and Thunderbird 6. Numerous episodes of Thunderbirds, Captain Scarlet, and other series were edited together to form movie-length features for VHS release
21.
Stingray (1964 TV series)
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Stingray is a British childrens Supermarionation television series, created by Gerry and Sylvia Anderson and produced by AP Films for ATV and ITC Entertainment between 1964 and 1965. Its 39 half-hour episodes were screened on ITV in the United Kingdom and in syndication in Canada. The scriptwriters included the Andersons, Alan Fennell, and Dennis Spooner, barry Gray composed the music, and Derek Meddings served as special effects director. Stingray was the first Supermarionation production in which the characters had interchangeable heads featuring a variety of expressions. It was also the first British television series to be filmed entirely in colour over its production run, Marineville is located somewhere in California, on the West Coast of the United States. The base lies 10 miles inland, and Stingray is launched from Pen 3 through a tunnel leading to the Pacific Ocean, the alerts action stations, launch stations, and battle stations are sounded by a rapid drum-beat that is played over Marinevilles public address system. Commands given by radio are acknowledged with the acronym, P. W. O. R, which stands for, Proceeding With Orders Received. The pilot of Stingray is the square-jawed Captain Troy Tempest and he is paired with Dixie navigator Lieutenant George Lee Sheridan, nicknamed Phones for his role as Stingrays hydrophone operator. Troy and Phones board Stingray by sitting on twin injector seats in Marinevilles stand-by lounge and they answer to the crusty hoverchair-bound Commander Samuel Shore, whose daughter, Lieutenant Atlanta Shore, is enamoured of Troy. He managed to ram the enemy in return, and then escape to the surface, sub-Lieutenant John Horatio Fisher also regularly takes shifts in the Marineville control room. During the course of the series, Stingray encounters a number of undersea races, the Aquaphibians, an aquatic warrior race, appear regularly—usually under the command of King Titan, who is the tyrannical ruler of the underwater city of Titanica. In the pilot episode, Stingray is attacked by Titans forces and Troy and they are rescued by Titans slave girl, Marina, a mute young woman who can breathe underwater. Troy immediately becomes infatuated with Marina, causing Atlanta to become jealous, Titan, meanwhile, swears revenge for Marinas betrayal. Marina becomes a member of Stingrays crew, and later acquires a pet seal pup named Oink. Many later episodes revolve around Titans schemes to destroy Stingray and Marineville and these often fail due to the incompetence of his spy on land, Surface Agent X20 who lives on the Island of Lemoy. Most of the characters, vehicles and places featured the series have names that are connected, in some manner, character names of this type include Tempest, Shore, Atlanta, Marina, Lieutenant Fisher and the hostile Aquaphibians. Place names inspired by the sea or its elements include Marineville, Pacifica, Marinas old home and Aquatraz, vehicle names include Stingray itself and Titans fleet of lethal submersibles, the mechanical fish, named Terror Fish in merchandise and comics but never in the series itself. According to the audio adventure Journey to Marineville, the 3 on Stingrays fins indicates that the vessel is Stingray Mark III, Marineville is stated to be 20 miles inland, as opposed to the 10 miles mentioned in the TV episode The Big Gun
22.
John Tracy (Thunderbirds)
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John was the first of the Tracy brothers to be cast. The second son of Jeff Tracy, John was named after astronaut John Glenn. Sources vary in the canon of the Thunderbirds series as to Johns age and birth date, the majority of sources and two decades of Thunderbirds calendars cite Johns birthday as 8 October and he is 25 years of age. Also, the novel Operation, Asteroids from 1965 clearly states that Scott, John is a noted scholar of astronomy and has authored several popular astronomy textbooks. He is a graduate of Harvard University with a degree in Advanced Telecommunications and he has only ever been seen physically involved in a rescue during the episode Danger At Ocean Deep, although he says at the end of that episode that he has already been on a dozen rescues. Lex Shrapnel portrayed John in the 2004 live action film, however, due to the film focusing on Alan Tracy, not much is known about this version of John. He is voiced by Thomas Brodie-Sangster, John is shown as being an emotional introvert, who prefers spending his spare time eating bagels, watching TV and stargazing. He is generally a loner, who doesnt like having to more time on Earth than he has to, as hes now the lone operator of TB5 until EOS comes
23.
Hood (Thunderbirds)
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The Hood is the main villain and adversary of International Rescue in the Thunderbirds TV series. The name Hood was derived from the term hoodlum, Gerry Anderson also observed that the character was masked. To strengthen the characters appearance, the Supermarionation puppet was fitted with an over-sized head. The Hoods precise origins are unknown, even his real name remains a mystery, throughout the TV series, he is only ever referred to as Agent Seven-Nine and 671, and each codename is used on one occasion only. Instead, the name was revealed in spin-off media and tie-in promotional materials, however, his driving goal is to discover the secrets of the Thunderbirds machines and use them for his own goals. In the second film, Thunderbird 6, there is a villain known only as Black Phantom. There has been a debate as to whether this is actually the Hood or not. The marionette that plays Black Phantom is that of the Hood and this could be the Hood in disguise and Black Phantom maybe another alias. On the Thunderbird 6 DVD commentary, director David Lane jokes that Black Phantom is the son of the Hood, sylvia Anderson states that Black Phantom is a different character. He is killed when Thunderbirds 1 and 2 open fire and destroy the Black Phantom hideout, during his appearances in the comics, the Hoods plans became even more daring, with some plots even seeing him coming into direct contact with the Tracy family. The nature of his powers also changed, while he no longer appeared to possess his powers, he now possessed powerful telekinetic abilities. In the film he is called the Hood, with Parker pointing out Sounds like an alias, milady. This is in sharp contrast with the series where he is never named on-screen by either his alias or real name. In the film both he himself and the characters refer to him by his alias the Hood. Also, unlike the series, the Hoods disguises are portrayed not as the result of conventional disguises. At the end of the first season he is captured by the global Defence Force after International Rescues Thunderbird 1,2 and 5 destroyed his ship, however he escaped in the first part of the second season with the help from The Mechanic. Thunderbirds was adapted for one game for the NES, in it, after the period is up, the family defeats him. Throughout the original series, the Hood was shown to be a master of disguise, using masks to try and discover the secrets of the Thunderbirds machines
24.
Thunderbirds (TV series)
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Thunderbirds is a British science-fiction television series created by Gerry and Sylvia Anderson, filmed by their production company AP Films and distributed by ITC Entertainment. It was produced between 1964 and 1966 using a form of electronic marionette puppetry combined with scale model special effects sequences, Two series were filmed, comprising a total of 32 episodes. Production ceased after Lew Grade, the Andersons financial backer, failed in his efforts to sell the programme to American network television, set in the mid-2060s, Thunderbirds is a follow-up to the earlier Supermarionation productions Four Feather Falls, Supercar, Fireball XL5 and Stingray. The main characters are ex-astronaut Jeff Tracy, the founder of IR, and his five adult sons, Thunderbirds began its first run in the United Kingdom on the ITV network in 1965 and has since been broadcast in at least 66 other countries. Periodically repeated, it was adapted for radio in the early 1990s and has influenced many TV programmes, as well as inspiring various merchandising campaigns, the series has been followed by two feature-length film sequels, a live-action film adaptation and a mimed stage show tribute. The second of two TV remakes, the computer-animated Thunderbirds Are Go, premiered in 2015, in honour of the original shows 50th anniversary, widely considered to be the Andersons most popular and commercially successful series, Thunderbirds has received particular praise for its effects and musical score. It is also remembered for its title sequence, which opens with an often-quoted countdown by actor Peter Dyneley,5,4,3,2,1. A real-life rescue service, the International Rescue Corps, is named after the featured in the series. Set between 2065 and 2067, Thunderbirds follows the exploits of the Tracy family, headed by American ex-astronaut turned multi-millionaire philanthropist Jeff Tracy and he is a widower with five adult sons, Scott, John, Virgil, Gordon and Alan. The Tracys form International Rescue, an organisation dedicated to saving human life. They are aided in this mission by technologically advanced land, sea, air and space vehicles, piloted by primary rescue co-ordinator Scott Tracy. Thunderbird 2, a carrier aircraft that transports rescue vehicles. Piloted alternately by Alan and John, with Scott as co-pilot, piloted by Gordon and normally launched from Thunderbird 2. Thunderbird 5, a station that relays distress calls from around the world. Manned alternately by Space Monitors John and Alan, in this location, IR is safe from criminals and spies who envy the organisations technology and seek to acquire the secrets of its machines. Despite its humanitarian principles, some of IRs operations are necessitated not by misadventure but deliberate sabotage motivated by greed for power, based at Creighton-Ward Mansion in Kent, Penelope and Parkers primary mode of transport is FAB1, a specially-modified Rolls-Royce. The most persistent of IRs adversaries is the criminal known only as the Hood and this allows him to spy on the Thunderbird machines and, by selling their secrets, make himself rich. Pitched in late 1963, the series was commissioned by Lew Grade of ITC, APFs parent company, Gerry Anderson drew inspiration for the series underlying concept from the West German mining disaster known as the Wunder von Lengede
25.
Doctor Who
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Doctor Who is a British science-fiction television programme produced by the BBC since 1963. The programme depicts the adventures of a Time Lord called The Doctor and he explores the universe in a time-travelling space ship called the TARDIS. Its exterior appears as a blue British police box, which was a sight in Britain in 1963 when the series first aired. Accompanied by a number of companions, the Doctor combats a variety of foes, while working to save civilisations, the show is a significant part of British popular culture, and elsewhere it has gained a cult following. It has influenced generations of British television professionals, many of whom grew up watching the series, the programme originally ran from 1963 to 1989. There was an attempt to revive regular production in 1996 with a backdoor pilot. The programme was relaunched in 2005, and since then has been produced in-house by BBC Wales in Cardiff, twelve actors have headlined the series as the Doctor. The conceit is that this is a Time Lord trait through which the character of the Doctor takes on a new body, each actors portrayal differs, but all represent stages in the life of the same character and form a single narrative. The time-travelling feature of the means that different incarnations of the Doctor occasionally meet. The current lead, Peter Capaldi, took on the role after Matt Smiths exit in the 2013 Christmas special The Time of the Doctor, in 2017, Capaldi confirmed he would be leaving at the end of the tenth series. Doctor Who follows the adventures of the character, a rogue Time Lord from the planet Gallifrey. He fled from Gallifrey in a stolen TARDIS – Time and Relative Dimension in Space – a machine which allows him to travel across time, the TARDIS has a chameleon circuit which normally allows the machine to take on the appearance of local objects as a disguise. However, the Doctors TARDIS remains fixed as a blue British police box due to a malfunction in the chameleon circuit, the Doctor rarely travels alone and often brings one or more companions to share these adventures. His companions are usually humans, as he has found a fascination with planet Earth, as a Time Lord, the Doctor has the ability to regenerate when his body is mortally damaged, taking on a new appearance and personality. The Doctor has gained numerous reoccurring enemies during his travels, including the Daleks, the Cybermen, and the Master, another renegade Time Lord. Doctor Who first appeared on BBC TV at 17,16,20 GMT, eighty seconds after the programme time,5,15 pm. It was to be a weekly programme, each episode 25 minutes of transmission length. Discussions and plans for the programme had been in progress for a year, writer Anthony Coburn, story editor David Whitaker and initial producer Verity Lambert also heavily contributed to the development of the series
26.
The Rescue (Doctor Who)
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The Rescue is the third serial of the second season of the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, which was first broadcast in two weekly parts on 2 January and 9 January 1965 on BBC1. It was written by outgoing story editor David Whitaker and directed by Christopher Barry, the Rescue was produced in a six-episode block with The Romans and was the first story produced in Doctor Whos second production block. Rehearsals and recording took place from 30 November to 11 December 1964, both episodes of The Rescue have been retained in the BBC archives, and the story has been novelised and released on VHS and DVD. The serial is notable as the first appearance of Maureen OBrien as companion Vicki, the Doctor, Ian, and Barbara are still missing the Doctors granddaughter Susan when the TARDIS lands on a planet the Doctor eventually recognises as Dido, a world he has visited before. The trio soon encounter two survivors of a crash, Vicki and Bennett, who are awaiting a rescue ship that is due to arrive in three days time. Vicki and Bennett live in fear of Koquillion, a inhabitant of Dido. Koquillion encounters the time travellers and attacks, pushing Barbara over a cliff and temporarily trapping Ian, Vicki finds Barbara injured and rescues her from Koquillion, and they share reminiscences. Vickis father was amongst those who died when the survivors of the crash, save Bennett and she is evidently very lonely, having befriended an indigenous Sand Beast for company. However, when Ian and the Doctor reach the ship, tempers are fraught because Barbara mistook the Sand Beast for a threat, the Doctor enters Bennetts room, and finds things are not as they seem. The supposedly crippled Bennett is missing, and a tape recorder hides his absence and he finds a trap door in the floor of the cabin and follows it to a temple carved from rock where he unmasks Koquillion as Bennett. Bennett reveals he killed a crewmember on board the ship and was arrested and it was he who killed the crash survivors and the natives of Dido to cover his crime. He has been using the Koquillion alias so that Vicki would back up his story, just as Bennett is about to kill the Doctor, two surviving native Didonians arrive and force Bennett to his death over a ledge. They then stop the signal to prevent the Rescue Ship reaching their planet, with no living family and nothing left for her on Dido, Vicki is welcomed aboard the TARDIS. Vicki was a replacement for the Doctors granddaughter, Susan ), in contrast to Susan, Vicki is an Earth orphan from the future, the production team considered many names from here, some of them odd like Lukki and Tanni. Doctor Who creator Sydney Newman told actress Maureen OBrien that they were considering having her cut her hair, OBrien refused, saying, Why dont you just get Carole Ann Ford back. The story was commissioned on 1 November 1964, the day after his contract with the BBC for his position as editor had expired. The scripts were due on 10 November, in Whitakers original draft, entitled Doctor Who and Tanni after one of Vickis original names, there are a few differences from the broadcast version. Bennett was more unkind to Vicki, notably, Koquillion had a torch device, which he used to paralyse Ian upon meeting and interrogating him and Barbara in the first episode
27.
Prime Minister of Australia
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The Prime Minister of the Commonwealth of Australia is the head of government of Australia. The individual who holds the office is the most senior Minister of the Crown, the leader of the Cabinet, the office is not mentioned in the Constitution of Australia and exists only through longstanding political convention and tradition. Despite this, in practice it is the most powerful position in Australia. The individual who holds the office is commissioned by the Governor-General of Australia, almost always and according to convention, the Prime Minister is the leader of the majority party or largest party in a coalition of parties in the House of Representatives. However, there is no requirement that the prime minister sit in the House of Representatives. The only case where a member of the Senate was appointed minister was John Gorton. Malcolm Turnbull has held the office of Prime Minister since 15 September 2015, the Prime Minister and Treasurer are traditionally members of the House, but the Constitution does not have such a requirement. Before being sworn in as a Minister of the Crown, a person must first be sworn in as a member of the Federal Executive Council if they are not already a member. Membership of the Federal Executive Council entitles the member to the style of The Honourable for life, the senior members of the Executive Council constitute the Cabinet of Australia. The Prime Minister is, like ministers, normally sworn in by the Governor-General. When defeated in an election, or on resigning, the Prime Minister is said to hand in the commission, in the event of a Prime Minister dying in office, or becoming incapacitated, the Governor-General can terminate the commission. Despite the importance of the office of minister, the Constitution does not mention the office by name. The conventions of the Westminster system were thought to be entrenched in Australia by the authors of the Constitution that it was deemed unnecessary to detail them. The formal title of the portfolio has always been simply Prime Minister, except for the period of the Fourth Deakin Ministry, Page was the leader of the smaller party in the governing coalition, the Country Party. He held the office for three weeks until the UAP elected a new leader, Robert Menzies, in August 1941 Menzies resigned as prime minister. In July 1945 John Curtin died suddenly and his deputy, Frank Forde, was sworn in the next day as prime minister, although the Labor Party had not had an opportunity to meet and elect a new leader. Forde served for eight days until Ben Chifley was elected leader, Chifley was then sworn in, replacing Forde, who became Australias shortest-serving prime minister. Harold Holt disappeared while swimming on 17 December 1967 and was declared presumed dead on 19 December, the governor-general, Lord Casey, commissioned the Leader of the Country Party, John McEwen, to form a government until the Liberal Party elected a new leader
28.
William Bligh
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Vice admiral William Bligh FRS RN was an officer of the British Royal Navy and a colonial administrator. Fifteen years after the Bounty mutiny, he was appointed Governor of New South Wales in Australia and his actions directed against the trade resulted in the so-called Rum Rebellion, during which Bligh was again placed under arrest and deposed from his command. William Bligh was born on 9 September 1754 but it is not clear where. It is likely that he was born in Plymouth, Devon, as he was baptised at St Andrews Church, Plymouth on 4 October 1754, Blighs ancestral home of Tinten Manor in St Tudy near Bodmin, Cornwall, is also a possibility. Blighs mother, Jane Pearce, was a widow who married Francis at the age of 40. Bligh was signed for the Royal Navy at age seven, at a time when it was common to sign on a young gentleman simply to gain, or at least record, the experience at sea required for a commission. In 1770, at age 16, he joined HMS Hunter as an able seaman and he became a midshipman early in the following year. In September 1771, Bligh was transferred to the Crescent and remained on the ship for three years, Bligh returned to England at the end of 1780 and was able to give details of Cooks last voyage. Bligh married Elizabeth Betham, daughter of a collector, on 4 February 1781. The wedding took place at nearby Onchan, a few days later, he was appointed to serve on HMS Belle Poule as master. Soon after this, in August 1781, he fought in the Battle of Dogger Bank under Admiral Parker, for the next 18 months, he was a lieutenant on various ships. He also fought with Lord Howe at Gibraltar in 1782, between 1783 and 1787, Bligh was a captain in the merchant service. Like many lieutenants, he would have found employment in the Navy, however. In 1787, Bligh was selected as commander of Bounty and he rose eventually to the rank of vice admiral in the Royal Navy. William Blighs naval career involved various appointments and assignments and he first rose to prominence as Master of Resolution, under the command of Captain Cook. Bligh received praise from Cook during what would be the final voyage. Bligh served on three of the ships from Fletcher Christians naval career. In the early 1780s, while in the merchant service, Bligh became acquainted with a man named Fletcher Christian
29.
ABC Television
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ABC Television is a service of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation launched in 1956. As a public broadcaster, the ABC provides four non-commercial channels within Australia. ABC is one of five main networks in Australia. Commercial station TCN-9 Sydney was the first to broadcast in Australia, soon followed by the ABCs own ABN-2 Sydney, six stations, three in Melbourne and three in Sydney, were in operation in time to cover the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne. The ABCs first television broadcast was inaugurated by Prime Minister Robert Menzies on 5 November, at the Gore Hill studios in Sydney, outside broadcasting was also initiated on 5 November, from the ABCs first outside broadcast van. The van, now in the collection of the National Museum of Australia, was instrumental in the production of thousands of outside broadcasts. It was restored in time to be displayed at the Sydney Olympic Games and was used to film the visit of Queen Elizabeth II to the site of the National Museum in 2000. Although radio programs could be broadcast nationally by landline, television relay facilities were not put in place until the early 1960s. This meant that news bulletins had to be sent to each city by teleprinter, to be prepared and presented separately in each city, with filmed materials copied manually. A purpose-built television studio was built in Sydney, and opened on 29 January 1958, in the same year, technical equipment was also moved to permanent locations, while main transmitters were introduced to Melbourne and Sydney in 1957 and 1958, respectively. Videotape equipment, allowing the sharing of footage with much greater ease, aBQ-2 Brisbane was the third ABC TV station to launch and was followed a year later by counterparts in Perth, Hobart, and Adelaide. ABC-3 Canberra opened a year later, with ABD-6 Darwin finally completing the ABCs coverage of state in 1971. Teletext services were introduced to ABC in 1983 to allow hearing-impaired viewers access to closed captions, International television service Australia Television International was established in 1993. Australia Television was sold to the Seven Network in 1998, however the continued to show content from ABC News up until its closure in 2001. The ABCs television operations joined its radio and online divisions at the Corporations Ultimo headquarters in 2000, in 2002, the ABC launched ABC Asia Pacific, the replacement for the defunct Australia Television channel operated previously by the Seven Network. Much like its predecessor, and companion radio network Radio Australia, funding cuts in 2003, meanwhile, led to the closure of Fly and the ABC Kids Channel. ABC2, an attempt at a digital-only television channel, was launched on 7 March 2005. Minister for Communications Helen Coonan inaugurated the channel at Parliament House three days later, the new channel, titled ABC3 would aim to provide at least 50% Australian-made content
30.
Don's Party
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Dons Party is a 1971 play by David Williamson set during the 1969 Australian federal election. The film based on the play was entered into the 27th Berlin International Film Festival, Don Henderson is a schoolteacher living with his wife Kath and baby son in suburban Melbourne. On the night of the 1969 federal election Don invites a group of friends to celebrate a predicted Australian Labor Party election victory. Somehow, two Liberal supporters, Simon and Jody also come, as the party wears on it becomes clear that Labor, who are supported by Don and most of the guests, are not winning. As a result, the drinking goes up a few notches, Mack, a design engineer whose wife has just left him, pulls out a nude photo of her for his friends approval. Crass womaniser Cooley pursues the available women, the disillusioned wives exchange tales of their husbands subpar sexual performance. By the end of the night, Don and some of his friends have begun to grasp the emptiness of their compromised lives, the play was adapted to a 1976 film by the playwright and directed by Bruce Beresford. John Hargreaves plays Don Henderson with Jeanie Drynan as Dons wife Kath, ray Barrett plays Mal, Dons mentor, and Pat Bishop is his wife. Graham Kennedy plays Mack, Graeme Blundell is the repressed Australian Liberal Party supporter, kerry is the attractive and assertive artist and Evan is her uptight and possessive partner. Cooley comes with his young girlfriend Susan, in the film the setting is relocated to the suburb of Westleigh in the northern suburbs of Sydney. The film also deviates from the version by increasing the level of profanity and contains full frontal nudity. The video clip to You Am Is 1998 single What I Dont Know bout You is a tribute to Dons Party and it features classic scenes from the movie re-enacted by noted Australian actors, including Stephen Curry, Ben Mendelsohn, Matt Day, Tania Lacy and Nadine Garner. Adams approached Ken Hannam but he lacked sympathy for the characters, tim Burstall and Peter Weir were approached but they also turned down the film. Eventually Adams approached Bruce Beresford, who agreed, the setting was relocated to Sydney, in part because it was felt it would be cheaper but also to ensure audiences did not feel the movie was too Melbourne. The budget was raised from the Australian Film Commission and private investors, Adams wanted to cast Paul Hogan as Cooley but the actor declined. Ray Barrett had played that role in London but was considered too old to do it on film and he was changed from being an ex-student to a lecturer to allow for his age. Graeme Blundell took his role in order to escape typecasting as Alvin Purple, barry Crocker was originally meant to play Don but was replaced by John Hargreaves. Shooting began in January 1976 and took five weeks, using a house in Westleigh
31.
Leyland P76
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The Leyland P76 is a large car that was produced by Leyland Australia, the Australian subsidiary of British Leyland. By 1974, Sales of the P76 had slumped and BMC decided to end the production of the P76, although the P76 has been labelled a lemon in Australian motoring history, it has become an iconic Aussie car and has a loyal following. In 1969, Leyland Australia was given the go-ahead to build a car for Australia. The P76 was designed and built from scratch with a fund of only A$20m and this was also a decade of serious financial and operational challenges for the parent company back in Britain. Commercial success for this car was seen as crucial to the survival of Leyland in Australia. Launched in 1973, the P76 was nicknamed the wedge, on account of its shape, with a large boot, although station wagon and Force 7 coupé versions were designed, these never went into mass production. The name of the P76 derived from the cars codename while in development, the official line was that the P76 was an original Australian designed and built Large Family Car, with no overseas counterpart and that P76 stood for Project 1976. The Rover SD1 shared several engineering features with the P76 — including MacPherson strut front suspension, the aluminium V8 engine, before the P76, Leyland Australia and its corporate predecessor BMC had not fielded a direct competitor in large-car sector, which then dominated the Australian car market. The P76 was intended to provide that competitor, nonetheless, the Freeway, 24/80 and the X6 each developed a loyal following. The shape was penned by Giovanni Michelotti, the entry-level P76 featured an enlarged 2623 cc version of the 6-cylinder engine from the smaller Austin Kimberley and Austin Tasman. The top-of-the-line aluminium alloy 4416 cc V8 unit was unique to the P76 and it was hoped that the weight advantage would feed through into superior fuel economy and extended tyre life. Nevertheless, the car was a car in Australian terms. Transmissions for the car were all bought in from Borg-Warner Australia who were also supplying transmissions to Ford. Notwithstanding the advertising slogan the P76s engineering followed conventional lines, particular attention was paid to structural rigidity, a British Leyland engineering strength. This goal was aided by an effort to reduce the number of panels needed to build the cars body — a remarkably low 215. At the time P76 production ceased, Leyland was developing a V6 version to replace the E6 variant, the V6 was derived from the 4. 4-litre P76 V8, with the two rear cylinders chopped off. As a result, demand for all larger cars subsided, hence, notwithstanding generally favourable press and public reaction to the car, sales did not reach expectations. British Leyland announced plans to sell P76 in the UK, however, production ceased before these plans could come to fruition
32.
Gold Coast Hospital
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Gold Coast Hospital, located at 98-136 Nerang Street, Southport was a major teaching and referral hospital and the third largest in Queensland. The Gold Coast Hospital had one of the busiest emergency departments in the state, the Hospital admitted over 60,000 patients annually. An initial parcel of land fronting Nerang and Queens Streets was offered by the owner Mr. W. R. Black who had purchased the property specifically for use as a public hospital. Confirmation of the acceptance of Mr. Blacks offer was noted at a meeting of the Womens Hospital Committee presided over by Mrs. Murray-Prior at the Southport School of the Arts in September 1921. A series of fund raising events took place in the years and by 1926 it was reported that £2,000 had been raised. The committee of the Southport and District Public Memorial Hospital applied to the Brisbane, at the time, the South Coast region was without public hospital facilities and patients were transferred to Brisbane. The committee undertook to calculate how may local residents had required transportation, in 1929, Mr. A. Pope, from the Brisbane and South Coast Hospital Board, addressed a meeting of the Southport Town Council and explained that a hospital in Southport would be held over. In 1934, the site and ₤100 debt, was offered to the Brisbane, the transfer of the five and a half acre parcel of land valued at £2,500 went ahead although the new owners stressed that the subsidiary hospital would not be built immediately. In December 1950 construction of a maternity hospital was nearing completion on the originally selected in 1921. At the time, in addition to Brisbane, the nearest public hospital was at Murwillumbah, New South Wales. The 18 bed maternity hospital opened on 14 January 1952 and, by 1954, the region had 20,000 residents, plans for the general hospital had not progressed and the lack of public hospital facilities was being discussed in the newspapers. The matter was raised in the Queensland State Parliament and it was acknowledged that there were insufficient funds due to every penny going to the South Brisbane Auxiliary Hospital. Six years later, on the 2 April 1960 and after four decades of lobbying and it consisted of four buildings containing two wards, operating theatres, x-ray facilities and quarters for staff and amenities. On 28 September 2013, the Gold Coast Hospital at Southport closed, all patients were transferred to the new Gold Coast University Hospital at 1 Hospital Boulevard, off Parklands Drive in Southport. The Gold Coast also has a hospital located in Robina near Robina station. In mid-2014, demolition of the 20 buildings on the 3.4 hectare site commenced to free up the area for new development opportunities within the Southport Priority Development Area. Completion of the works is expected in mid-2015
33.
Australia (2008 film)
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Australia is a 2008 Australian-American-British epic historical adventure film directed by Baz Luhrmann and starring Nicole Kidman and Hugh Jackman. It is the third-highest grossing Australian film of all time, behind Crocodile Dundee and Mad Max, the screenplay was written by Luhrmann and screenwriter Stuart Beattie, with Ronald Harwood and Richard Flanagan. The film is a story, set between 1939 and 1942 against a dramatised backdrop of events across northern Australia at the time. Production took place in Sydney, Darwin, Kununurra, and Bowen, the film was released to cinemas on 26 November 2008 in both the United States and Australia, with subsequent worldwide release dates throughout late December 2008 and January and February 2009. Australia received mixed reviews critics and it earned $211.3 million on a $130 million budget. In 1939, Lady Sarah Ashley travels from England to northern Australia to force her husband to sell his faltering cattle station. Her husband sends an independent cattle drover, called Drover, to transport her to Faraway Downs, Lady Sarahs husband is murdered shortly before she arrives, and the authorities tell her that the killer is an Aboriginal elder, King George. The childless Lady Sarah is captivated by the boy Nullah, who has an Aboriginal mother, Nullah tells her that he has seen her cattle being driven onto Carneys land — in other words, stolen from her. Because of this Fletcher mistreats Nullah and threatens him and his mother, so Lady Sarah fires Fletcher, when Nullah and his mother hide from the authorities in a water tower, his mother drowns. Lady Sarah comforts Nullah by singing the song Over the Rainbow from the film The Wizard of Oz, Nullah tells her that King George is his grandfather, and that like the Wizard, he too is a magic man. Lady Sarah persuades Drover to take the cattle to Darwin for sale, Drover is friendly with the Aborigines, and therefore shunned by many of the other whites in the territory. It is revealed that he was married to an Aboriginal woman, Lady Sarah also reveals she is unable to have children. Drover leads a team of six riders, including Lady Sarah, Drovers Aboriginal brother-in-law Magarri, Nullah. Lady Sarah and Drover fall in love, and she gains a new appreciation for the Australian territory, the team drive the cattle through the dangerous Never Never desert. Then, when at last delivering the cattle in Darwin, the group has to them onto the ship before Carneys cattle are loaded. Afterwards, Lady Sarah, Nullah, and Drover live together happily at Faraway Downs for two years, meanwhile, Fletcher kills Carney, marries his daughter Cath Carney, takes over Carneys cattle empire, and continues to menace Lady Sarah. It is established that Fletcher was the murderer of Lady Sarahs husband. Nullah is drawn to go on a walkabout with his grandfather King George, Lady Sarah, who has come to regard Nullah as her adopted son, vows to rescue him
