1.
New York City
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The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over an area of about 302.6 square miles. Located at the tip of the state of New York. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has described as the cultural and financial capital of the world. Situated on one of the worlds largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, the five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. In 2013, the MSA produced a gross metropolitan product of nearly US$1.39 trillion, in 2012, the CSA generated a GMP of over US$1.55 trillion. NYCs MSA and CSA GDP are higher than all but 11 and 12 countries, New York City traces its origin to its 1624 founding in Lower Manhattan as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the countrys largest city since 1790, the Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a symbol of the United States and its democracy. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. Several sources have ranked New York the most photographed city in the world, the names of many of the citys bridges, tapered skyscrapers, and parks are known around the world. Manhattans real estate market is among the most expensive in the world, Manhattans Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere, with multiple signature Chinatowns developing across the city. Providing continuous 24/7 service, the New York City Subway is one of the most extensive metro systems worldwide, with 472 stations in operation. Over 120 colleges and universities are located in New York City, including Columbia University, New York University, and Rockefeller University, during the Wisconsinan glaciation, the New York City region was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet over 1,000 feet in depth. The ice sheet scraped away large amounts of soil, leaving the bedrock that serves as the foundation for much of New York City today. Later on, movement of the ice sheet would contribute to the separation of what are now Long Island and Staten Island. The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown and he claimed the area for France and named it Nouvelle Angoulême. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he returned to Spain in August and he proceeded to sail up what the Dutch would name the North River, named first by Hudson as the Mauritius after Maurice, Prince of Orange
2.
New York (state)
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New York is a state in the northeastern United States, and is the 27th-most extensive, fourth-most populous, and seventh-most densely populated U. S. state. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south and Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Vermont to the east. With an estimated population of 8.55 million in 2015, New York City is the most populous city in the United States, the New York Metropolitan Area is one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world. New York City makes up over 40% of the population of New York State, two-thirds of the states population lives in the New York City Metropolitan Area, and nearly 40% lives on Long Island. Both the state and New York City were named for the 17th-century Duke of York, the next four most populous cities in the state are Buffalo, Rochester, Yonkers, and Syracuse, while the state capital is Albany. New York has a diverse geography and these more mountainous regions are bisected by two major river valleys—the north-south Hudson River Valley and the east-west Mohawk River Valley, which forms the core of the Erie Canal. Western New York is considered part of the Great Lakes Region and straddles Lake Ontario, between the two lakes lies Niagara Falls. The central part of the state is dominated by the Finger Lakes, New York had been inhabited by tribes of Algonquian and Iroquoian-speaking Native Americans for several hundred years by the time the earliest Europeans came to New York. The first Europeans to arrive were French colonists and Jesuit missionaries who arrived southward from settlements at Montreal for trade, the British annexed the colony from the Dutch in 1664. The borders of the British colony, the Province of New York, were similar to those of the present-day state, New York is home to the Statue of Liberty, a symbol of the United States and its ideals of freedom, democracy, and opportunity. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. On April 17,1524 Verrazanno entered New York Bay, by way of the now called the Narrows into the northern bay which he named Santa Margherita. Verrazzano described it as a vast coastline with a delta in which every kind of ship could pass and he adds. This vast sheet of water swarmed with native boats and he landed on the tip of Manhattan and possibly on the furthest point of Long Island. Verrazannos stay was interrupted by a storm which pushed him north towards Marthas Vineyard, in 1540 French traders from New France built a chateau on Castle Island, within present-day Albany, due to flooding, it was abandoned the next year. In 1614, the Dutch under the command of Hendrick Corstiaensen, rebuilt the French chateau, Fort Nassau was the first Dutch settlement in North America, and was located along the Hudson River, also within present-day Albany. The small fort served as a trading post and warehouse, located on the Hudson River flood plain, the rudimentary fort was washed away by flooding in 1617, and abandoned for good after Fort Orange was built nearby in 1623. Henry Hudsons 1609 voyage marked the beginning of European involvement with the area, sailing for the Dutch East India Company and looking for a passage to Asia, he entered the Upper New York Bay on September 11 of that year
3.
Century City, Los Angeles, California
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Century City is a 176-acre neighborhood and business district in Los Angeles Westside. Outside of Downtown Los Angeles, Century City is one of the areas most prominent employment centers. The district was developed on the backlot of film studio 20th Century Fox. There are two schools, but no public schools in the neighborhood. Important to the economy are the Westfield Century City shopping center, business towers, the land of Century City belonged to cowboy actor Tom Mix, who used it as a ranch. It later became a backlot of 20th Century Fox, which still has its headquarters just to the southwest. The following year, in 1957, they commissioned a development from Welton Becket Associates. Of America, also known as Alcoa, for US$300 million, herrscher had encouraged his uncle-in-law to borrow money instead, but once Skouras refused, he was out of the picture. The new owners conceived Century City as a city within a city, in 1963, the first building, Gateway West Building, was completed. The next year, in 1964, Minoru Yamasaki designed the Century Plaza Hotel, five years later, in 1969, architects Anthony J. Lumsden and César Pelli designed the Century City Medical Plaza. Century Citys plaza as it appeared in the early 1970s can be viewed in several scenes of still another Fox film, Conquest of the Planet of the Apes. The 2000 U. S. census counted 5,513 residents in the 0. 70-square-mile Century City neighborhood—or 7,869 people per square mile, the Southern California Association of Governments estimates that the daytime population amounts to 48,343 on a working day. In 2008, the city estimated that the resident population had increased to 5,934, in 2008, the median age for residents was 46, older than average for the city and the county. The percentage of residents aged 65 and older was the highest for any neighborhood in Los Angeles County, the percentages of widowed men and women and of divorced men were among the countys highest. Military veterans accounted for 11. 9% of the population, a rate for the city. The neighborhood was considered not especially diverse ethnically, with a percentage of white residents. The breakdown was whites,82. 5%, Asians,8. 6%, Latinos,4. 4%, blacks,1. 4%, and others,3, 0%. Iran and Canada were the most common places of birth for the 25. 5% of the residents who were born abroad—a low percentage, the median yearly income in 2014 was $95,135, a high figure for Los Angeles
4.
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor
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The Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It is given in honor of an actor who has delivered a performance in a supporting role while working within the film industry. At the 9th Academy Awards ceremony held in 1937, Walter Brennan was the first winner of award for his role in Come. Initially, winners in both supporting acting categories were awarded instead of statuettes. Beginning with the 16th ceremony held in 1944, however, winners received full-sized statuettes, currently, nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the actors branch of AMPAS, winners are selected by a plurality vote from the entire eligible voting members of the Academy. Since its inception, the award has given to 72 actors. Brennan has received the most awards in this category with three awards, Brennan, Jeff Bridges, Robert Duvall, Arthur Kennedy, Jack Nicholson, and Claude Rains were nominated on four occasions, more than any other actor. As of the 2017 ceremony, Mahershala Ali is the most recent winner in category for his role as Juan in Moonlight. In the following table, the years are listed as per Academy convention, and generally correspond to the year of release in Los Angeles County. Toronto, Ontario, Canada, University of Toronto Press, ISBN 978-1-55002-574-3. org The Academy Awards Database Oscar. com Complete Downloadable List of Academy Award Nominees
5.
Sayonara
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Sayonara is a 1957 color American film starring Marlon Brando. The picture tells the story of an American Air Force flier who was an ace pilot during the Korean War. Sayonara won four Academy Awards, including acting honors for co-stars Red Buttons, the films screenplay was adapted by Paul Osborn from the novel by James Michener, and was produced by William Goetz and directed by Joshua Logan. Unlike most 1950s romantic dramas, Sayonara deals squarely with racism, the supporting cast also features Patricia Owens, James Garner, Martha Scott, Ricardo Montalbán, and Miiko Taka. Major Lloyd Ace Gruver, the son of a U. S. Army general, is stationed at Itami Air Force Base near Kobe, Japan. He falls in love with a Japanese entertainer, Hana-ogi, who is a performer for a Takarazuka-like theater company, Joe is about to wed a Japanese woman, Katsumi, in spite of the disapproval of the United States military, which will not recognize the marriage. The Air Force, including Ace, is against the marriage, Ace and Joe have an argument during which Ace uses a racial slur to describe Katsumi. Ace eventually apologizes, then agrees to be Joes best man at the wedding, Joe suffers further prejudice at the hands of a particularly nasty colonel, pulling extra duty and all the less attractive assignments. When he and many others who are married to Japanese are ordered back to the States, Joe realizes that he not be able to take Katsumi. Finding no other way to be together, Joe and Katsumi commit double suicide and this strengthens Aces resolve to marry Hana-ogi. When a Stars and Stripes reporter asks him what will he say to the big brass as well as to the Japanese, neither of which will be happy, Ace says, Tell em we said. He takes direction beautifully, and yet he always has something to add, hes made up this Southern accent for the part, I never would have thought of it myself, but, well, its exactly right — its perfection. Ricardo Montalbán, born in Mexico to Spanish immigrants, plays a Japanese character, Sayonara has received widespread critical acclaim, particularly for its writing and cinematography, in addition to the acting ability of its cast. It won four Academy Awards, including acting honors for co-stars Red Buttons, review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports that 100% critics have given the film a positive review, with a rating average of 7. 2/10. The film earned $10.5 million in rentals in North America.100 Passions – Nominated 2005, AFIs 100 Years of Film Scores – Nominated List of American films of 1957 Provencher, bizarre Beauty, 1950s Runaway Production in Japan. Austin, Texas, University of Texas Press, 39–50
6.
Jews
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The Jews, also known as the Jewish people, are an ethnoreligious group originating from the Israelites, or Hebrews, of the Ancient Near East. Jews originated as a national and religious group in the Middle East during the second millennium BCE, the Merneptah Stele appears to confirm the existence of a people of Israel, associated with the god El, somewhere in Canaan as far back as the 13th century BCE. The Israelites, as an outgrowth of the Canaanite population, consolidated their hold with the emergence of the Kingdom of Israel, some consider that these Canaanite sedentary Israelites melded with incoming nomadic groups known as Hebrews. The worldwide Jewish population reached a peak of 16.7 million prior to World War II, but approximately 6 million Jews were systematically murdered during the Holocaust. Since then the population has risen again, and as of 2015 was estimated at 14.3 million by the Berman Jewish DataBank. According to the report, about 43% of all Jews reside in Israel and these numbers include all those who self-identified as Jews in a socio-demographic study or were identified as such by a respondent in the same household. The exact world Jewish population, however, is difficult to measure, Israel is the only country where Jews form a majority of the population. The modern State of Israel was established as a Jewish state and defines itself as such in its Declaration of Independence and its Law of Return grants the right of citizenship to any Jew who requests it. The English word Jew continues Middle English Gyw, Iewe, according to the Hebrew Bible, the name of both the tribe and kingdom derive from Judah, the fourth son of Jacob. The Hebrew word for Jew, יְהוּדִי ISO 259-3 Yhudi, is pronounced, with the stress on the syllable, in Israeli Hebrew. The Ladino name is ג׳ודיו, Djudio, ג׳ודיוס, Djudios, Yiddish, ייִד Yid, ייִדן, Yidn. The etymological equivalent is in use in languages, e. g. but derivations of the word Hebrew are also in use to describe a Jew, e. g. in Italian. The German word Jude is pronounced, the corresponding adjective jüdisch is the origin of the word Yiddish, in such contexts Jewish is the only acceptable possibility. Some people, however, have become so wary of this construction that they have extended the stigma to any use of Jew as a noun, a factual reconstruction for the origin of the Jews is a difficult and complex endeavor. It requires examining at least 3,000 years of ancient human history using documents in vast quantities, as archaeological discovery relies upon researchers and scholars from diverse disciplines, the goal is to interpret all of the factual data, focusing on the most consistent theory. In this case, it is complicated by long standing politics and religious, Jacob and his family migrated to Ancient Egypt after being invited to live with Jacobs son Joseph by the Pharaoh himself. The patriarchs descendants were later enslaved until the Exodus led by Moses, traditionally dated to the 13th century BCE, Modern archaeology has largely discarded the historicity of the Patriarchs and of the Exodus story, with it being reframed as constituting the Israelites inspiring national myth narrative. The growth of Yahweh-centric belief, along with a number of practices, gradually gave rise to a distinct Israelite ethnic group
7.
Bellhop
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A bellhop or hotel porter is a hotel porter, who helps patrons with their luggage while checking in or out. Bellhops often wear a uniform, like certain other page boys or doormen and this occupation is also called bellman and bellboy in North America. The jobs name is derived from the fact that the front desk clerk rang a bell to summon an employee. The term porter is used in the United Kingdom and much of the English-speaking world, Bellboy or bellhop is an American English term. This employee traditionally was a boy or adolescent male, hence the term bellboy, todays bellhops must be quick-witted, good with people, and outgoing. Bellhops will meet a variety of different people each day and must have the skills to deal with them. Duties often include opening the front door, moving luggage, valeting cars, calling cabs, transporting guests, giving directions, performing basic concierge work and they must be able to escort guests into their rooms while carrying luggage, or help move any baggage a customer needs. In many countries, such as the United States, it is customary to tip such an employee for his service. Brandon Flowers, who is the American frontman, keyboardist and primary lyricist of the Las Vegas-based rock band The Killers, served as a bellhop at the Gold Coast Hotel and Casino in Las Vegas. Ted Serios was a Chicago bellboy who gained notoriety in the 1960s by producing thoughtographs on Polaroid film, karl Ernst was a Sturmabteilung Gruppenführer who, in early 1933, was the Sturmabteilung leader in Berlin. Before joining the Nazi Party he had been a hotel bellboy, the Belgian comic strip character Spirou was originally a bellboy. Throughout many of his albums he always wore a red bellhop suit, in later stories this was reduced to him just wearing his bellhop cap. In the 1918 comedy short The Bell Boy Roscoe Arbuckle and Buster Keaton play bell boys, the Bellboy is a 1960 comedy film starring Jerry Lewis, in which he plays the titular character. The 1962 film The Bellboy and the Playgirls also features a bellboy, the 1973 song Bell Boy by The Who has the character Jimmy discover that someone he looked up to is now a bell boy. In the 1995 film Four Rooms Tim Roth plays a bellhop who goes through rough times. Porter Skycap Bellhops Moving Help Media related to Bellhops at Wikimedia Commons
8.
City Island, Bronx
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City Island is a small island and a neighborhood approximately 1.5 miles long by 0.5 miles wide. At one time it was incorporated within the boundaries of Pelham, Westchester County, as of the 2010 census the island had a population of 4,362. Its land area is 1.023 km2, the island is part of Bronx Community Board 10. City Island is located at the western end of Long Island Sound, south of Pelham Bay. The body of water between City Island and the even smaller Hart Island to the east is known as City Island Harbor, the small island adjacent to the northeast is High Island. The Stepping Stones Light, marking the main shipping channel into New York, is off the tip of the island. It is part of the Pelham Islands, a group of islands belonging to Thomas Pell. Originally inhabited by the Siwanoy band of Lenape Indians, City Island later was settled by Europeans as part of property, prior to that, English settlers led by Anne Hutchinson settled in an area nearby on the river in 1642. After changing hands several times, in 1761 the Island, was bought by Benjamin Palmer of New York, up to this point the island had been inhabited by only a few homes and farms. It had a population of about 1000 people, who tended farms, Palmer had the vision of developing the island into a port, which could rival that of New York. He knew that ships heading north and south passed City Island using Long Island Sound as a safe inshore waterway and he envisioned shipyards, and stores that could cater to the ships. This patent, known as the Palmer Grant is unique to City Island, it has contested in courts since. Palmer also is responsible for changing the name from Minefers Island to City Island in anticipation of things to come. Palmers vision never fully materialized, however, as the timing just before the American Revolution halted all progress, the history of the island has been chronicled in Tales Of The Clamdiggers by Alice Payne, and in City Island and Orchard Beach by Catherine A. Scott. According to local tradition, anyone born on the island is known as a clamdigger. A City Island resident not born on the island is known as a musselsucker, most businesses are clustered along the central City Island Avenue. There are two supermarkets, a gas station, a pharmacy, a bank, a hardware store. The island is most famous for its numerous restaurants and antique stores
9.
Double act
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If the audience identifies primarily with one character, the other will often be referred to as a comic foil. The term feed comes from the way a man is wont to set up jokes. Despite the names given to the roles, the straight man need not be humorless. Where the straight man serves no personal comic purpose but acts as a device to make the comic look good and this is sometimes considered a derogatory term. Most often, however, the humor in a double act comes from the way the two personalities play off other, rather than from the individuals themselves. In many successful acts the roles are interchangeable, the template for the modern double act began in the British music halls and the American vaudeville scene of the late nineteenth century. Here, the man was a necessity, as he would repeat the lines of the comic. This was done simply because the audience would be noisy, soon the dynamic developed so that the straight man became a more integral part of the act, setting up jokes to which the comic could then deliver the punchline. At various stages, acts such as George Burns and Gracie Allen, Abbott and Costello, Flanagan and Allen, Gallagher and Shean, the dynamic continued to develop, with Abbott and Costello using a modern and recognizable formula in routines such as Whos On First. In the 1930s and Flanagan and Allen using cross talking, by the 1920s, double acts were beginning to attract worldwide fame more readily through the silent era. However, because of the restrictions, the comedy was not derived from cross talk or clever verbal exchanges but through slapstick routines. The first double act to gain fame through film was Laurel. Before meeting, the pair had never worked together on stage, though both had worked in vaudeville—Stan Laurel with Charlie Chaplin as part of Fred Karnos Army and Oliver Hardy as a singer. Laurel could loosely be described as the comic, though the pair were one of the first not to fit the mold in the way that many double acts do, the pair first worked together as a double act in the 1927 film Duck Soup. The first Laurel and Hardy film was called Putting Pants on Philip though their characters had not yet been established. The first film both appeared in was Lucky Dog in 1917. Indeed, they were one of the few silent acts who made a successful transition to spoken word pictures in the 1930s. The year 1940 saw the release of Laurel and Hardys Saps at Sea, their film for long-term producer
10.
Robert Alda
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Robert Alda was an American theatrical and film actor and father of actors Alan and Antony Alda. A talented singer and dancer, Alda was featured in a number of Broadway productions before moving to Italy during the early 1960s. He appeared in many European films over the two decades, occasionally returning to the U. S. for film appearances such as The Girl Who Knew Too Much. He graduated from Stuyvesant High School in New York in 1930 and he began as a singer and dancer in vaudeville after winning a talent contest, and moved on to burlesque. Alda is known for portraying George Gershwin in the biopic Rhapsody in Blue as well as the talent agent in the Douglas Sirk classic Imitation of Life. He was very successful on Broadway, starring in Guys and Dolls, for which he won a Tony Award and he was also the host of the short-lived DuMont TV version of the game show Whats Your Bid. Aldas first wife, and mother of actor Alan Alda, Joan Browne, was a homemaker and former beauty pageant winner, Alda was married to his second wife, Flora Marino, an Italian actress whom he met in Rome, until his death. Alda made two guest appearances with his son Alan on M*A*S*H, in the episodes The Consultant and Lend a Hand, the latter episode also featured Antony Alda, his younger son by his second wife. Alda appeared in an episode of The Feather and Father Gang in 1977, Alda died on May 3,1986, aged 72, after a long illness following a stroke. The Front Page My Daughter, Your Son What Makes Sammy Run
11.
Farce
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In theatre, a farce is a comedy that aims at entertaining the audience through situations that are highly exaggerated, extravagant, and thus improbable. Farce is also characterized by humor, the use of deliberate absurdity or nonsense. Farces have been written for the stage and film, furthermore, a farce is also often set in one particular location, where all events occur. M. C. P. C. David Croft & Jeremy Lloyd, Allo Allo, ken Friedman, Claptrap Andrew Norriss and Richard Fegen, Chance in a Million Miles Tredinnick, Laugh. Alan Ayckbourn, A Small Family Business Miles Tredinnick, It’s Now Or Never, tom Kempinski, Sex Please, Were Italian. Ray Cooney, Funny Money Robin Hawdon, Perfect Wedding Steven Moffat, Coupling Miles Tredinnick, La Farce de maître Pierre Pathelin The Liar Molière, Tartuffe Molière, The Miser Labiche, La Cagnotte and other plays. These plays are performed as comic relief during the long, serious Noh plays, following stage shows of Umer Shareef are extremely popular. Archer Chowder The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy The Marvelous Misadventures of Flapjack Scooby-Doo, IMDB list of film and television farces Farce films at Allmovie
12.
Pearl Harbor
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Pearl Harbor is a lagoon harbor on the island of Oahu, Hawaii, west of Honolulu. Much of the harbor and surrounding lands is a United States Navy deep-water naval base and it is also the headquarters of the United States Pacific Fleet. The U. S. government first obtained exclusive use of the inlet, the attack on Pearl Harbor by the Empire of Japan on December 7,1941, was the immediate cause of the United States entry into World War II. Pearl Harbor was originally a shallow embayment called Wai Momi or Puʻuloa by the Hawaiians. Puʻuloa was regarded as the home of the goddess, Kaʻahupahau. Making due allowance for legendary amplification, the estuary already had an outlet for its waters where the present gap is, during the early 19th century, Pearl Harbor was not used for large ships due to its shallow entrance. The interest of United States in the Hawaiian Islands grew as a result of its whaling, shipping and trading activity in the Pacific. As early as 1820, an Agent of the United States for Commerce and these commercial ties to the American continent were accompanied by the work of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions. American missionaries and their families became a part of the Hawaiian political body. Throughout the 1820s and 1830s, many American warships visited Honolulu, in most cases, the commanding officers carried letters from the U. S. Government giving advice on governmental affairs and of the relations of the island nation with foreign powers. In 1841, the newspaper Polynesian, printed in Honolulu, advocated that the U. S. establish a base in Hawaii for protection of American citizens engaged in the whaling industry. The British Hawaiian Minister of Foreign Affairs Robert Crichton Wyllie, remarked in 1840 that and my opinion is that the tide of events rushes on to annexation to the United States. In 1865, the North Pacific Squadron was formed to embrace the western coast, lackawanna in the following year was assigned to cruise among the islands, a locality of great and increasing interest and importance. This vessel surveyed the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands toward Japan, as a result, the United States claimed Midway Island. The Secretary of the Navy was able to write in his report of 1868. This increased activity caused the permanent assignment of at least one warship to Hawaiian waters and it also praised Midway Island as possessing a harbor surpassing Honolulus. In the following year, Congress approved an appropriation of $50,000 on March 1,1869, after 1868, when the Commander of the Pacific Fleet visited the islands to look after American interests, naval officers played an important role in internal affairs. They served as arbitrators in disputes, negotiators of trade agreements and defenders of law
13.
Attack on Pearl Harbor
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The attack, also known as the Battle of Pearl Harbor, led to the United States entry into World War II. The Japanese military leadership referred to the attack as the Hawaii Operation and Operation AI, Japan intended the attack as a preventive action to keep the U. S. Pacific Fleet from interfering with military actions they planned in Southeast Asia against overseas territories of the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and the United States. Over the next seven hours there were coordinated Japanese attacks on the U. S. -held Philippines, Guam and Wake Island and on the British Empire in Malaya, Singapore, the attack commenced at 7,48 a. m. The base was attacked by 353 Imperial Japanese fighter planes, bombers, all eight U. S. Navy battleships were damaged, with four sunk. All but the USS Arizona were later raised, and six were returned to service, the Japanese also sank or damaged three cruisers, three destroyers, an anti-aircraft training ship, and one minelayer. 188 U. S. aircraft were destroyed,2,403 Americans were killed and 1,178 others were wounded. Important base installations such as the station, shipyard, maintenance. Japanese losses were light,29 aircraft and five midget submarines lost, one Japanese sailor, Kazuo Sakamaki, was captured. The surprise attack came as a shock to the American people. The following day, December 8, the United States declared war on Japan, the U. S. responded with a declaration of war against Germany and Italy. Domestic support for non-interventionism, which had been fading since the Fall of France in 1940, Roosevelt to proclaim December 7,1941, a date which will live in infamy. Because the attack happened without a declaration of war and without explicit warning, over the next decade, Japan continued to expand into China, leading to all-out war between those countries in 1937. Japan spent considerable effort trying to isolate China and achieve sufficient resource independence to attain victory on the mainland, from December 1937, events such as the Japanese attack on USS Panay, the Allison incident, and the Nanking Massacre swung public opinion in the West sharply against Japan. Fearing Japanese expansion, the United States, the United Kingdom, in 1940, Japan invaded French Indochina in an effort to control supplies reaching China. The United States halted shipments of airplanes, parts, machine tools, and aviation gasoline to Japan, an invasion of the Philippines was also considered necessary by Japanese war planners. War Plan Orange had envisioned defending the Philippines with a 40 and this was opposed by Douglas MacArthur, who felt that he would need a force ten times that size, and was never implemented. By 1941, U. S. planners anticipated abandonment of the Philippines at the outbreak of war and orders to that effect were given in late 1941 to Admiral Thomas Hart, commander of the Asiatic Fleet
14.
Uta Hagen
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Uta Thyra Hagen was a German American actress and theatre practitioner. She originated the role of Martha in the 1962 Broadway premiere of Whos Afraid of Virginia Woolf. by Edward Albee. Because Hagen was on the Hollywood blacklist, in part because of her association with Paul Robeson, her film opportunities dwindled and she twice won the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play and received a Special Tony Award for Lifetime Achievement in 1999. Her most substantial contributions to theatre pedagogy were a series of exercises that built on the work of Konstantin Stanislavski. She was elected to the American Theatre Hall of Fame in 1981, born in Göttingen, Germany, daughter of Thyra A. and Oskar Frank Leonard Hagen, Hagen and her family emigrated to the United States in 1924, when her father received a position at Cornell University. She was raised in Madison, Wisconsin and she appeared in productions of the University of Wisconsin High School and in summer stock productions of the Wisconsin Players. She studied acting briefly at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in 1936, after spending one semester at the University of Wisconsin, where her father was the head of the department of art history, she left for New York City in 1937. Her first professional role was as Ophelia opposite Eva Le Gallienne in the role of Hamlet in Dennis. Hagen was cast, early on, as Ophelia by the actress-manager Eva Le Gallienne, from there, Hagen went on to play the leading ingenue role of Nina in a Broadway production of Anton Chekhovs The Seagull which featured Alfred Lunt and Lynn Fontanne. It was 1938, Hagen was just 18 and this experience left an indelible mark on the young actress, as she later reflected, My next job was Nina in The Seagull, with the Lunts, on Broadway. They were an influence on my life. She admired their passion for the theatre, and their discipline and it was a 24-hour-a-day affair, and I never forgot it—never. The New York Times critic Brooks Atkinson hailed her Nina as grace and she took over the role of Blanche DuBois in A Streetcar Named Desire for the national tour, which was directed not by Elia Kazan who had directed the Broadway production but by Harold Clurman. Hagen had had an experience when she first worked with Clurman in 1947. She played Blanche opposite at least four different Stanley Kowalskis, including Anthony Quinn, through interviews with her and contemporary criticism, the report is that Hagens Blanche refocused the audiences sympathies with Blanche rather than with Stanley. Primarily noted for roles, Hagen won her first Tony Award in 1951 for her performance as the self-sacrificing wife Georgie in Clifford Odets The Country Girl. She won again in 1963 for originating the role of the I-wear-the-pants-in-this-family-because-somebodys-got-to Martha in Edward Albees Whos Afraid of Virginia Woolf, in 1981 she was elected to the American Theatre Hall of Fame and in 1999 received a Special Lifetime Achievement Tony Award. Although she appeared in movies, because of the Hollywood blacklist she had more limited output in film and on television
15.
Fiorello H. LaGuardia
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Fiorello Henry La Guardia was an American politician. He is best known for being the 99th Mayor of New York City for three terms from 1934 to 1945 as a Republican, previously he had been elected to Congress in 1916 and 1918, and again from 1922 through 1930. Irascible, energetic, and charismatic, he craved publicity and is acclaimed as one of the greatest mayors in American history, only five feet, two inches tall, he was called the Little Flower. La Guardia, a Republican who appealed across party lines, was popular in New York during the 1930s. As a New Dealer, he supported President Franklin D. Roosevelt, a Democrat, La Guardia revitalized New York City and restored public faith in City Hall. La Guardia was a leader who verged on authoritarianism but whose reform politics were carefully tailored to address the sentiments of his diverse constituency. He succeeded with the support of a sympathetic president and he secured his place in history as a tough-minded reform mayor who helped clean out corruption, bring in gifted experts, and fix upon the city a broad sense of responsibility for its own citizens. His administration engaged new groups that had kept out of the political system, gave New York its modern infrastructure. La Guardia was born in Greenwich Village in New York City and it was in Trieste that Achille La Guardia met and married Irene. Fiorello La Guardia was raised an Episcopalian and practiced that religion all his life and his middle name Enrico was anglicized to Henry when he was a child. He moved to Arizona with his family, where his father had a position at Fort Whipple in the U. S. Army. La Guardia attended public schools and high school in Prescott, Arizona, after his father was discharged from his bandmaster position in 1898, Fiorello lived in Trieste. He graduated from the Dwight School, a school on the Upper West Side of New York City. La Guardia joined the State Department and served in U. S. consulates in Budapest, Trieste and he returned to the United States to continue his education at New York University. From 1907 to 1910, he worked as an interpreter for the U. S. Bureau of Immigration at the Ellis Island immigration station. He graduated from New York University School of Law in 1910, was admitted to the bar the same year and his first wife was Thea Almerigotti, an Istrian immigrant, whom he married on March 8,1919. In June 1920 they had a daughter, Fioretta Thea, who died May 9,1921 and his first wife died of tuberculosis on November 29,1921, at the age of 26. In 1929 he married Marie Fisher who had been his secretary while in Congress, La Guardia became Deputy Attorney General of New York in January 1915
16.
United States Army Air Forces
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Each of these forces had a commanding general who reported directly to the Army Chief of Staff. S. Army to control its own installations and support personnel, the peak size of the AAF during the Second World War was over 2.4 million men and women in service and nearly 80,000 aircraft by 1944, and 783 domestic bases in December 1943. By V-E Day, the Army Air Forces had 1.25 million men stationed overseas, in its expansion and conduct of the war, the AAF became more than just an arm of the greater organization. By the end of World War II, the Army Air Forces had become virtually an independent service and this contrast between theory and fact is. fundamental to an understanding of the AAF. Gen. Billy Mitchell that led to his later court-martial, a strategy stressing precision bombing of industrial targets by heavily armed, long-range bombers emerged, formulated by the men who would become its leaders. Since 1920, control of units had resided with commanders of the corps areas. Both were created in 1933 when a conflict with Cuba seemed possible following a coup détat. Activation of GHQ Air Force represented a compromise between strategic airpower advocates and ground force commanders who demanded that the Air Corps mission remain tied to that of the land forces. GHQ Air Force organized combat groups administratively into a force of three wings deployed to the Atlantic, Pacific, and Gulf coasts but was small in comparison to European air forces. Corps area commanders continued to control over airfields and administration of personnel. The expected activation of Army General Headquarters prompted Army Chief of Staff George C. Marshall to request a study from Chief of the Air Corps Maj. Gen. Henry H. Arnold resulting on 5 October 1940 in a proposal for creation of an air staff, unification of the air arm under one commander, and equality with the ground and supply forces. Marshall implemented a compromise that the Air Corps found entirely inadequate, naming Arnold as acting Deputy Chief of Staff for Air but rejecting all organizational points of his proposal. GHQ Air Force instead was assigned to the control of Army General Headquarters, although the latter was a training and not an operational component, when it was activated in November 1940. A division of the GHQ Air Force into four air defense districts on 19 October 1940 was concurrent with the creation of air forces to defend Hawaii. The air districts were converted in March 1941 into numbered air forces with an organization of 54 groups. Marshall had come to the view that the air forces needed a simpler system, Arnold and Marshall agreed that the AAF would enjoy a general autonomy within the War Department until the end of the war, while its commanders would cease lobbying for independence. Marshall, a proponent of airpower, left understood that the Air Force would likely achieve its independence following the war
17.
Mario Lanza
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Mario Lanza was an American tenor of Italian ancestry, actor and Hollywood film star of the late 1940s and the 1950s. Lanza began studying to be a singer at the age of 16. After appearing at the Hollywood Bowl in 1947, Lanza signed a film contract with Louis B. Mayer, the head of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer who saw his performance and was impressed by his singing, prior to that, the adult Lanza had sung only two performances of an opera. The following year, however, he sang the role of Pinkerton in Puccinis Madama Butterfly in New Orleans and his film début for MGM was in That Midnight Kiss with Kathryn Grayson and Ethel Barrymore. The following year, in The Toast of New Orleans, his popular song Be My Love became his first million-selling hit. In 1951, he played the role of tenor Enrico Caruso, his idol, in the biopic The Great Caruso, the Great Caruso was the top-grossing film that year. The title song of his film, Because Youre Mine, was his final million-selling hit song. The song went on to receive an Academy Award nomination for Best Original Song, Hollywood columnist Hedda Hopper writes that his smile, which was as big as his voice, was matched with the habits of a tiger cub, impossible to housebreak. She adds that he was the last of the great romantic performers and he made three more films before dying of an apparent pulmonary embolism at the age of 38. At the time of his death in 1959 he was still the most famous tenor in the world, author Eleonora Kimmel concludes that Lanza blazed like a meteor whose light lasts a brief moment in time. Born Alfred Arnold Cocozza in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, he was exposed to classical singing at an age by his Abruzzese-Molisan Italian parents. His mother, Maria Lanza, was from Tocco da Casauria and his father, Antonio Cocozza, was from Filignano, a province of Isernia in the region of Molise. By age 16, his talent had become apparent. In 1942, Koussevitzky provided young Cocozza with a student scholarship to the Berkshire Music Center at Tanglewood. Reportedly, Koussevitzky would later tell him, Yours is a such as is heard once in a hundred years. This was when Cocozza adopted the stage name Mario Lanza, for its similarity to his mother’s maiden name, Herbert Graf subsequently wrote in Opera News, A real find of the season was Mario Lanza He would have no difficulty one day being asked to join the Metropolitan Opera. In an interview shortly before her own death in 2008, González recalled that Lanza was very correct, likeable and his budding operatic career was interrupted by World War II, when he was assigned to Special Services in the U. S. Army Air Corps
18.
John Forsythe
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John Forsythe was an American stage, film/television actor, producer, narrator, drama teacher and philanthropist whose career spanned six decades. He also appeared as a guest on talk and variety shows. Forsythes 60-year acting career began in films in 1943 and he signed up with Warner Bros. at age 25 as a minor contract player, but he later starred in films like The Captive City. He co-starred opposite Loretta Young in It Happens Every Thursday, Edmund Gwenn and Shirley MacLaine in The Trouble With Harry, and Olivia De Havilland in The Ambassadors Daughter. The eldest of three children, Forsythe was born as John, or Jacob, Lincoln Freund on January 29,1918, in Penns Grove, New Jersey, to Blanche Materson and Samuel Jeremiah Freund. Blanche was born in Pennsylvania, to David Hyat Blohm, a Russian Jewish immigrant, and to Mary S. Materson, Samuel was a stockbroker born in New York to Polish Jewish immigrants. He was raised in Brooklyn, New York, where his father worked as a Wall Street businessman during the Great Depression of the 1930s. He graduated from Abraham Lincoln High School in Brooklyn at the age of 16, in 1936 at the age of 18, he took a job as the public address announcer for Brooklyn Dodgers games at Ebbets Field, confirming a childhood love of baseball. Despite showing initial reluctance, Forsythe began a career at the suggestion of his father. He met actress Parker Worthington McCormick, and the couple married in 1939, they had a son, Dall, as a bit player for Warner Brothers, Forsythe successfully appeared in several small parts. As a result he was given a role in Destination Tokyo. Also in 1943, Forsythe met Julie Warren, initially a theatre companion, Warren became Forsythes second wife and in the early 1950s the marriage produced two daughters – Page and Brooke. In 1947, Forsythe joined the class of the soon-to-be prestigious Actors Studio. During this time he appeared on Broadway in Mister Roberts and The Teahouse of the August Moon, in 1955 Alfred Hitchcock cast Forsythe in the movie The Trouble with Harry, with Shirley MacLaine in her first movie appearance, for which she won a Golden Globe. Throughout the 1950s, Forsythe successfully appeared in the new medium and worked regularly on all the networks, for example, during this period, he appeared on the popular anthology Alfred Hitchcock Presents in an episode titled Premonition opposite Cloris Leachman. Forsythe also starred in an episode of the CBS Western anthology series Zane Grey Theatre titled Decision at Wilsons Creek, the Forsythe Oak remains in place today, located on a private estate on the former Upper Iverson. The show was a ratings hit and moved to NBC the following season. On various episodes Forsythe worked with such up-and-coming actresses as Mary Tyler Moore, Barbara Eden, Donna Douglas, Sally Kellerman, Sue Ane Langdon, during the 1961 season, Bachelor Father was cancelled that season due to declining ratings
19.
Karl Malden
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Karl Malden was an American actor. Malden was also President of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts, Karl Malden, the eldest of three sons, was born Mladen Sekulovich in Chicago, Illinois on March 22,1912, he was born on his mothers 20th birthday and was raised in Gary, Indiana. His Bosnian Serb father, Petar Sekulović, worked in the mills and as a milkman. The Sekulovich familys roots trace back to Podosoje near Bileća, Bosnia, Malden only spoke Serbian until he was in kindergarten and was fluent in the language until his death. Maldens father had a passion for music, and organized a choir, as a teenager, Malden joined the Karageorge Choir at Saint Sava Serbian Orthodox Church. His father then produced Serbian plays at his church and taught acting, a young Malden took part in many of these plays, which included a version of Jack and the Beanstalk but mostly centered on the communitys Serbian heritage. In high school, he was a student and the star of the basketball team. He participated in the department and was narrowly elected senior class president. Among other roles, he played Pooh-Bah in The Mikado, from 1931 until 1934, he worked in the steel mills, as had his father. He changed his name from Mladen Sekulovich to Karl Malden at age 22 and he anglicized his first name by swapping its letters l and a and used it as his last and taking his grandfathers first name as his own. This was because the first theatre company he was in wanted him to shorten his name for its marquee. He thought that they wanted to him and were using his name as an excuse, although that was not the case. Malden often found ways to say Sekulovich in films and television shows in which he appeared, for example, as General Omar Bradley in Patton, as his troops slog their way through enemy fire in Sicily, Malden says Hand me that helmet, Sekulovich to another soldier. In Dead Ringer, as a detective in the squad room, Malden tells another detective, Sekulovich. In Fear Strikes Out, Malden, playing Jimmy Piersalls father John, in Birdman of Alcatraz, as a prison warden touring the cell block, Malden recites a list of inmates names, including Sekulovich. In On the Waterfront, in which Malden plays the priest, among the names of the officers of Local 374 called out in the scene is Mladen Sekulovich. Perhaps the most notable usage of his name, however, was in the television series The Streets of San Francisco. In September 1934, Malden decided to leave his home in Gary, Indiana, to pursue formal training at the Goodman School
20.
Lee J. Cobb
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Lee J. Cobb was an American actor. He is best known for his performances in 12 Angry Men, On the Waterfront and he also played the role of Willy Loman in the original Broadway production of Arthur Millers 1949 play Death of a Salesman under the direction of Elia Kazan. On television, Cobb co starred in the first four seasons of the Western series The Virginian and he typically played arrogant, intimidating, and abrasive characters, but often had roles as respectable figures such as judges and police officers. Cobb was born Leo Jacoby in New York City, to a Jewish family of Russian and Romanian extraction and he grew up in the Bronx, New York, on Wilkins Avenue, near Crotona Park. His parents were Benjamin Jacob, a compositor for a foreign-language newspaper, Cobb studied at New York University before making his film debut in The Vanishing Shadow. He joined the Manhattan-based Group Theatre in 1935, Cobb performed summer stock with the Group Theatre in 1936, when they summered at Pine Brook Country Club in Nichols, Connecticut. During World War II, Cobb served in the First Motion Picture Unit of the United States Army Air Forces, Cobb entered films in the 1930s, successfully playing middle-aged and even older men while he was still a youth. He was cast as the Kralahome in the 1946 nonmusical film Anna and he also played the sympathetic doctor in The Song of Bernadette and appeared as James Coburns supervisor in the spy spoofs In Like Flint and Our Man Flint. He reprised his role of Willy Loman in the 1966 CBS television adaptation of Death of a Salesman, which included Gene Wilder, James Farentino, Bernie Kopell, Cobb was nominated for an Emmy Award for the performance. Mildred Dunnock, who had costarred in both the stage version and the 1951 film version, again repeated her role as Linda. In 1957, he appeared in Sidney Lumets 12 Angry Men as the abrasive Juror #3. In 1959, on CBS DuPont Show of the Month, he starred in the roles of Miguel de Cervantes and Don Quixote in the play I, Don Quixote. Cobb also appeared as Wyoming ranch owner Judge Henry Garth in the first four seasons of the long-running NBC Western television series The Virginian and his costars were James Drury, Doug McClure, Roberta Shore, Gary Clarke, Randy Boone, Clu Gulager, and Diane Roter. In 1968, his performance as King Lear with Stacy Keach as Edmund, René Auberjonois as the Fool, one of his final film roles was that of police detective Lt. Kinderman in the 1973 horror film The Exorcist. He appeared alongside British actor Kenneth Griffiths in an ABC television documentary on the American Revolution called Suddenly an Eagle, Cobb was accused of being a Communist in 1951 testimony before the House Un-American Activities Committee by Larry Parks, himself a former Communist Party member. Later, Cobb explained why he named names, saying, When the facilities of the government of the United States are drawn on an individual it can be terrifying, the blacklist is just the opening gambit—being deprived of work. But not being able to move without being tailed is something else, after a certain point it grows to implied as well as articulated threats, and people succumb. My wife did, and she was institutionalized, the HUAC did a deal with me
21.
Darryl F. Zanuck
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Darryl Francis Zanuck was an American film producer and studio executive, he earlier contributed stories for films starting in the silent era. He played a part in the Hollywood studio system as one of its longest survivors. He earned three Academy Awards as producer for Best Picture during his tenure, but was responsible for many more, Zanuck was born in Wahoo, Nebraska, the son of Louise and Frank Zanuck, who owned and operated a hotel in Wahoo. Zanuck was of part Swiss descent and was raised a Protestant, at age six, Zanuck and his mother moved to Los Angeles, where the better climate could improve her poor health. At age eight, he found his first movie job as an extra, in 1918, despite being sixteen, he deceived a recruiter, joined the United States Army, and served in France with the Nebraska National Guard. Upon returning to the US, he worked in many jobs while seeking work as a writer. He found work producing movie plots, and sold his first story in 1922 to William Russell and he moved into management in 1929, and became head of production in 1931. In 1933, Zanuck left Warners over a dispute with studio head Jack L. Warner. A few days later, he partnered with Joseph Schenck to form 20th Century Pictures, Inc. with financial help from Josephs brother Nicholas Schenck, mayer, President and Studio head of Loews, Inc and its subsidiary Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, along with William Goetz and Raymond Griffith. 20th Century released its material through United Artists, after a dispute with United Artists over stock ownership, Schenck and Zanuck negotiated and bought out the bankrupt Fox studios in 1935 to form Twentieth Century-Fox Film Corporation. Zanuck was Vice President of Production of this new studio and took an approach, closely involving himself in scripts. When the U. S. who was chauffeured by limousine to Long Island each morning from a luxury Manhattan hotel. Appalled by such privileged cosseting, Zanuck stormed down to Washington, D. C. and into the War Department, demanding a riskier assignment from Chief of Staff and he even persuaded Lord Mountbatten to allow him along on a secret coastal raid across the Channel to occupied France. The daring nighttime attack on a German radar site was a success, navy even before the U. S. entered the war, and he was horrified to discover himself drafted into Zanucks Africa unit. Cant I ever get away from you, I bet if I die and go to heaven, youll be waiting for me under a sign reading Produced by Darryl F. Zanuck. Unlike Col. Warner, most colonels from the studio system—Col, Frank Capra, Col. Anatole Litvak, Col. Hal Roach—were actually doing their cinematic jobs, often, like Zanuck, under enemy fire. Nonetheless, when Col. Zanuck was named in this investigation in 1944, whatever the reason, despite having published his own first-person account of his wartime adventures he resigned. Zanuck returned to Twentieth Century-Fox in 1944 and he avoided the studio and instead read books at home, surrounded by his growing family, and caught up on all the films he had missed while overseas in his private screening room
22.
Winged Victory (film)
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Winged Victory is a 1944 American drama film directed by George Cukor, a joint effort of 20th Century Fox and the U. S. Army Air Forces. Based upon the play of the name by Moss Hart, who also wrote the screenplay. The film version of Winged Victory used many of the Broadway cast who were brought to Hollywood, Frankie Davis, Allan Ross and Pinky Scariano join the U. S. Army Air Forces with hopes of becoming pilots. In training, they befriend Irving Miller and Bobby Grills, the five friends go through the training process to become pilots, facing success, failure, and tragedy. Allan, newly married, finds wife Dorothy plans to go with him to aviation school, Frankie, whose hometown bride Jane is living with Dorothy near the camp, watches with concern as some of the other cadets receive wash-out tickets. Pinky washes out when he has fails his eye test, but is classified a gunner, Frankie, Allan and their friends, Irving and Bobby are assigned to pilot training. During the cadets first night flight, Frankie crashes, the group of friends, now one more short, are devastated. Allan volunteers to give tragic news to Jane, who is expecting their first child, the next assignment is to join the fighting in the South Pacific, but, before leaving, they see their wives in San Francisco. Trying to keep their assignment secret, their wives guess their husbands are going to go into combat, at their South Pacific base in New Guinea, the exhausted crew of the Winged Victory, join the other crews in a Christmas celebration. In the midst of the festivities, an air raid siren sounds, during the fight, a tire on the Winged Victory is damaged during combat, and Pinky is wounded. After the aircraft makes a rough but safe landing at the base, back at the base, Allan learns that his wife has given birth to a son. Before taking off to rejoin the air battle, he writes a letter to his son, explaining the importance of his mission, Winged Victory entered principal photography on June 15,1944 and wrapped production on September 25,1944. The United States Army Air Forces provided 14 technical advisors to the production company, the advisors were able to provide information on training, graduation exercises and even combat experience. Included in the group of pilots was a chaplain and flight surgeon, the aircraft seen in Winged Victory include 27 Consolidated B-24J Liberator bombers featured in the combat scenes and 55 Vultee BT-13A Valiant as well as numerous Cessna AT-17 Bobcat trainers. A number of Curtiss P-40N Warhawk fighters were also seen, Winged Victory was critically reviewed by Bosley Crowther in The New York Times. And, as it looked yesterday at the Roxy, where it opened amid a rout of brass and pomp, Winged Victory at the Internet Movie Database Winged Victory at the TCM Movie Database
23.
George Cukor
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George Dewey Cukor was an American film director. He mainly concentrated on comedies and literary adaptations and his career flourished at RKO when David O. Selznick, the studios Head of Production, assigned Cukor to direct several of RKOs major films, including What Price Hollywood. A Bill of Divorcement, Our Betters, and Little Women, when Selznick moved to MGM in 1933, Cukor followed and directed Dinner at Eight and David Copperfield for Selznick and Romeo and Juliet and Camille for Irving Thalberg. He was replaced as the director of Gone with the Wind, but he went on to direct The Philadelphia Story, Gaslight, Adams Rib, Born Yesterday, A Star Is Born, Bhowani Junction and he continued to work into the 1980s. Cukor was born on the Lower East Side of Manhattan in New York City, the child and only son of Hungarian Jewish immigrants Viktor, an assistant district attorney. His parents selected his middle name in honor of Spanish–American War hero George Dewey, as a result, he was ambivalent about his faith and dismissive of old world traditions from childhood, and as an adult he embraced Anglophilia to remove himself even further from his roots. As a teenager, Cukor frequently was taken to the New York Hippodrome by his uncle, infatuated with theatre, he often cut classes at DeWitt Clinton High School to attend afternoon matinees. During his senior year, he worked as a supernumerary with the Metropolitan Opera, earning 50¢ per appearance, following his graduation in 1917, Cukor was expected to follow in his fathers footsteps and pursue a career in law. He halfheartedly enrolled in the City College of New York, where he entered the Students Army Training Corps in October 1918 and his military experience was limited, Germany surrendered in early November, and Cukors duty ended after only two months. In 1925 he formed the C. F. and Z, Production Company with Walter Folmer and John Zwicki, which gave him his first opportunity to direct. Following their first season, he made his Broadway directorial debut with Antonia by Hungarian playwright Melchior Lengyel, then returned to Rochester, lasting only one season with the company was Bette Davis. Cukor later recalled, Her talent was apparent, but she did buck at direction and she had her own ideas, and though she only did bits and ingenue roles, she didnt hesitate to express them. For the next decades, Davis claimed she was fired. For the next few years, Cukor alternated between Rochester in the months and Broadway in the winter. His direction of a 1926 stage adaptation of The Great Gatsby by Owen Davis brought him to the attention of the New York critics. Writing in the Brooklyn Eagle, drama critic Arthur Pollock called it a piece of work by a director not nearly so well known as he should be. Cukor directed six more Broadway productions before departing for Hollywood in 1929, when Hollywood began to recruit New York theater talent for sound films, Cukor immediately answered the call. In December 1928, Paramount Pictures signed him to a contract that reimbursed him for his airfare and he arrived in Hollywood in February 1929, and his first assignment was to coach the cast of River of Romance to speak with an acceptable Southern accent
24.
European Theatre of World War II
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The Allied forces fought the Axis powers on two major fronts as well as in the adjoining Mediterranean and Middle East Theatre. Germany was humiliated in front of the world and had to pay very large war reparations, many Germans blamed their countrys post-war economic collapse and hyperinflation on the treatys conditions. After Hitler took Germany out of the League of Nations, Mussolini of Fascist Italy and Hitler formed the Rome-Berlin axis, later, Empire of Japan, under the government of Hideki Tojo, would also join as an Axis power. Japan and Germany had already signed the Anti-Comintern Pact in 1939, other smaller powers also later joined the Axis throughout the war. On September 17, the Soviet forces joined the invasion of Poland, the Polish government evacuated the country for Romania. Poland fell within five weeks, with its last large operational units surrendering on October 5 after the Battle of Kock, as the Polish September Campaign ended, Hitler offered to Britain and France peace on the basis of recognition of German European continental dominance. On October 12, the United Kingdom formally refused, despite the quick campaign in the east, along the Franco-German frontier the war settled into a quiet period. This relatively non-confrontational and mostly non-fighting period between the major powers lasted until May 10,1940, and was known as the Phoney War, several other countries, however, were drawn into the conflict at this time. By September 28,1939, the three Baltic Republics felt they had no choice but to permit Soviet bases and troops on their territory, the Baltic Republics were occupied by the Soviet army in June 1940, and finally annexed to the Soviet Union in August 1940. The Soviet Union wanted to annex Finland and offered an agreement, but Finland rejected it. In the Moscow Peace Treaty of March 12,1940, Finland ceded 10% of her territory, the Finns were embittered over having lost more land in the peace than on the battlefields, and over the perceived lack of world sympathy. Meanwhile, in western Scandinavia, Germany invaded Denmark and Norway in April 1940, sweden was able to remain neutral. Most Allied forces were in Flanders, anticipating a re-run of the World War I Schlieffen Plan, as a result of this, and also the superior German communications and tactics, the Battle of France was shorter than virtually all pre-war Allied thought could have conceived. It lasted six weeks, including the Luftwaffe bombing of Paris June 3, on June 10 Italy declared war on both France and the United Kingdom, but did not gain any significant success in this campaign. French government fled Paris, and soon, France surrendered on June 22, many French soldiers, as well as those of other occupied countries, escaped to Britain. The General de Gaulle proclaimed himself the leader of Free France. Following the unexpected victory, Hitler promoted 12 generals to the rank of field marshal during the 1940 Field Marshal Ceremony. Later, on April 24,1941, the USSR gave full recognition to the Vichy government situated in the non-occupied zone in France
25.
Mickey Rooney
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Mickey Rooney was an American actor, vaudevillian, comedian and radio personality. In a career spanning nine decades and continuing until shortly before his death, a versatile performer, he became a celebrated character actor later in his career. Laurence Olivier once said he considered Rooney the best there has ever been, clarence Brown, who directed him in two of his earliest dramatic roles, National Velvet and The Human Comedy, said he was the closest thing to a genius I ever worked with. Rooney first performed in vaudeville as a child and made his debut at the age of six. At thirteen he played Puck in the play and later the 1935 film adaptation of A Midsummer Nights Dream, critic David Thomson hailed his performance as one of cinemas most arresting pieces of magic. In 1938, he co-starred in Boys Town, at nineteen he was the first teenager to be nominated for an Oscar for his leading role in Babes in Arms, and he was awarded a special Academy Juvenile Award in 1939. At the peak of his career between the ages of 15 and 25, he made films, which made him one of MGMs most consistently successful actors. Rooney was the top box office attraction from 1939 to 1941, and one of the actors of that era. Drafted into the Army during World War II, he served two years entertaining over two million troops on stage and radio and was awarded a Bronze Star for performing in combat zones. Returning from the war in 1945, he was too old for juvenile roles but too short to be a movie star. Nevertheless, Rooneys popularity was renewed with well-received supporting roles in such as Requiem for a Heavyweight, Its a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World. In the early 1980s, he returned to Broadway in Sugar Babies, Rooney made hundreds of appearances on TV, including dramas, variety programs, and talk shows, and won an Emmy in 1964, with another Emmy plus a Golden Globe for his role in Bill. At his death, Vanity Fair called him the original Hollywood train wreck and he struggled with alcohol and pill addiction and married eight times, the first time to Ava Gardner. Despite earning millions during his career, he had to file for bankruptcy in 1962 due to mismanagement of his finances. Shortly before his death in 2014 at age 93, he alleged mistreatment by some members and testified before Congress about what he alleged was physical abuse. By the end of his life, his millions in earnings had dwindled to an estate that was valued at only $18,000 and he died owing medical bills and back taxes, and contributions were solicited from the public. His mother was a chorus girl and a burlesque performer. When Rooney was born, they were appearing in a Brooklyn production of A Gaiety Girl, Rooney later recounted in his memoirs that he began performing at the age of 17 months as part of his parents routine, wearing a specially tailored tuxedo
26.
Big band
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A big band is a type of musical ensemble associated with playing jazz music and which became popular during the Swing Era from the early 1930s until the late 1940s. Big Bands evolved with the times and continue to this day, a big band typically consists of approximately 12 to 25 musicians and contains saxophones, trumpets, trombones, and a rhythm section. The terms jazz band, jazz ensemble, stage band, jazz orchestra and this does not, however, mean that each one of these names is technically correct for naming a big band specifically. The music is traditionally called charts, improvised solos may be played only when called for by the arranger. There are two periods in the history of popular bands. Beginning in the mid-1920s, big bands, then consisting of 10–25 pieces. At that time they played a form of jazz that involved very little improvisation, which included a string section with violins. A few bands also had violas and cellos, usually one or two along with them, the dance form of jazz was characterized by a sweet and romantic melody. Orchestras tended to stick to the melody as it was written and vocals would be sung, many of these artists changed styles or retired after the introduction of swing music. Although unashamedly commercial, these bands often featured front-rank jazz musicians - for example Paul Whiteman employed Bix Beiderbecke, there were also all-girl bands such as Helen Lewis and Her All-Girl Jazz Syncopators. Towards the end of the 1920s, a new form of Big Band emerged which was more authentically jazz and this form of music never gained the popularity of the sweet dance form of jazz. The few recordings made in form of jazz were labelled race records and were intended for a limited urban audience. Few white musicians were familiar with music, Johnny Mercer. The three major centres in this development were New York City, Chicago and Kansas City, some big ensembles, like the Joe King Oliver outfit played a kind of half arranged, half improvised jazz, often relying on head arrangements. Other great bands, like the one of Luis Russell became a vehicle for star instrumentalists, there the whole arrangement had to promote all the possibilities of the star, although they often contained very good musicians, like Henry Red Allen, J. C. Earl Hines became the star of Chicago with his Grand Terrace Cafe band, meanwhile, in Kansas City and across the Southwest, an earthier, bluesier style was developed by such bandleaders as Benny Moten and, later, by Jay McShann and Jesse Stone. Radio was a factor in gaining notice and fame for Benny Goodman. Soon, others challenged him, and the battles of the bands became a staple at theater performances featuring many groups on one bill
27.
CBS
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CBS is an American commercial broadcast television network that is a flagship property of CBS Corporation. The company is headquartered at the CBS Building in New York City with major facilities and operations in New York City. CBS is sometimes referred to as the Eye Network, in reference to the iconic logo. It has also called the Tiffany Network, alluding to the perceived high quality of CBS programming during the tenure of William S. Paley. It can also refer to some of CBSs first demonstrations of color television, the network has its origins in United Independent Broadcasters Inc. a collection of 16 radio stations that was purchased by Paley in 1928 and renamed the Columbia Broadcasting System. Under Paleys guidance, CBS would first become one of the largest radio networks in the United States, in 1974, CBS dropped its former full name and became known simply as CBS, Inc. In 2000, CBS came under the control of Viacom, which was formed as a spin-off of CBS in 1971, CBS Corporation is controlled by Sumner Redstone through National Amusements, which also controls the current Viacom. The television network has more than 240 owned-and-operated and affiliated stations throughout the United States. The origins of CBS date back to January 27,1927, Columbia Phonographic went on the air on September 18,1927, with a presentation by the Howard Barlow Orchestra from flagship station WOR in Newark, New Jersey, and fifteen affiliates. Operational costs were steep, particularly the payments to AT&T for use of its land lines, in early 1928 Judson sold the network to brothers Isaac and Leon Levy, owners of the networks Philadelphia affiliate WCAU, and their partner Jerome Louchenheim. With the record out of the picture, Paley quickly streamlined the corporate name to Columbia Broadcasting System. He believed in the power of advertising since his familys La Palina cigars had doubled their sales after young William convinced his elders to advertise on radio. By September 1928, Paley bought out the Louchenheim share of CBS, during Louchenheims brief regime, Columbia paid $410,000 to A. H. Grebes Atlantic Broadcasting Company for a small Brooklyn station, WABC, which would become the networks flagship station. WABC was quickly upgraded, and the relocated to 860 kHz. The physical plant was relocated also – to Steinway Hall on West 57th Street in Manhattan, by the turn of 1929, the network could boast to sponsors of having 47 affiliates. Paley moved right away to put his network on a financial footing. In the fall of 1928, he entered talks with Adolph Zukor of Paramount Pictures. The deal came to fruition in September 1929, Paramount acquired 49% of CBS in return for a block of its stock worth $3.8 million at the time
28.
Marlon Brando
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Marlon Brando, Jr. was an American actor, film director and activist. He is credited with bringing realism to film acting and he helped to popularize the Stanislavski system of acting, studying with Stella Adler in the 1940s. Julius Caesar, The Wild One, Reflections in a Golden Eye, Last Tango in Paris, Brando was also an activist for many causes, notably the Civil Rights Movement and various Native American movements. Brando received Academy Award nominations for playing Emiliano Zapata in Viva Zapata, Mark Antony in Joseph L. Mankiewiczs 1953 film adaptation of Shakespeares Julius Caesar, and Air Force Major Lloyd Gruver in Sayonara, an adaption of James Micheners 1954 novel. Brando was included in a list of Top Ten Money Making Stars three times in the 1950s, coming in at number 10 in 1954, number 6 in 1955, the 1960s proved to be a fallow decade for Brando. The Godfather was then one of the most commercially successful films of all time, Brando took a four-year hiatus before appearing in The Missouri Breaks. After this, he was content with being a highly paid actor in cameo roles, such as in Superman and The Formula. According to the Guinness Book of World Records, Brando was paid a record $3.7 million and 11. 75% of the profits for 13 days work on Superman. Brando was ranked by the American Film Institute as the fourth-greatest movie star among male movie stars whose screen debuts occurred in or before 1950. He was one of three professional actors, along with Charlie Chaplin and Marilyn Monroe, named in 1999 by Time magazine as one of its 100 Most Important People of the Century. He died of respiratory failure on July 1,2004, at age 80, Brando was born on April 3,1924, in Omaha, Nebraska, to Marlon Brando, Sr. a pesticide and chemical feed manufacturer, and Dorothy Julia. Brando had two sisters, Jocelyn Brando and Frances. His ancestry included German, Dutch, English, and Irish and his patrilineal immigrant ancestor, Johann Wilhelm Brandau, arrived in New York in the early 1700s from the Palatinate in Germany. Brando was raised a Christian Scientist, however, she was an alcoholic and often had to be brought home from Chicago bars by her husband. In his autobiography, Songs My Mother Taught Me, Brando expressed sadness when writing about his mother, dodie and Brandos father eventually joined Alcoholics Anonymous. Brando harbored far more enmity for his father, stating, I was his namesake and he enjoyed telling me I couldnt do anything right. He had a habit of telling me I would never amount to anything, Brandos parents moved to Evanston, Illinois, when his fathers work took him to Chicago, but separated when Brando was 11 years old. His mother took the three children to Santa Ana, California, where they lived with her mother, in 1937, Brandos parents reconciled and moved together to Libertyville, Illinois, a small town north of Chicago
29.
United States Air Force
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The United States Air Force is the aerial warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the seven American uniformed services. Initially part of the United States Army, the USAF was formed as a branch of the military on 18 September 1947 under the National Security Act of 1947. It is the most recent branch of the U. S. military to be formed, the U. S. Air Force is a military service organized within the Department of the Air Force, one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense. The Air Force is headed by the civilian Secretary of the Air Force, who reports to the Secretary of Defense, the U. S. Air Force provides air support for surface forces and aids in the recovery of troops in the field. As of 2015, the service more than 5,137 military aircraft,406 ICBMs and 63 military satellites. It has a $161 billion budget with 313,242 active duty personnel,141,197 civilian employees,69,200 Air Force Reserve personnel, and 105,500 Air National Guard personnel. According to the National Security Act of 1947, which created the USAF and it shall be organized, trained, and equipped primarily for prompt and sustained offensive and defensive air operations. The stated mission of the USAF today is to fly, fight, and win in air, space and we will provide compelling air, space, and cyber capabilities for use by the combatant commanders. We will excel as stewards of all Air Force resources in service to the American people, while providing precise and reliable Global Vigilance, Reach and it should be emphasized that the core functions, by themselves, are not doctrinal constructs. The purpose of Nuclear Deterrence Operations is to operate, maintain, in the event deterrence fails, the US should be able to appropriately respond with nuclear options. Dissuading others from acquiring or proliferating WMD, and the means to deliver them, moreover, different deterrence strategies are required to deter various adversaries, whether they are a nation state, or non-state/transnational actor. Nuclear strike is the ability of forces to rapidly and accurately strike targets which the enemy holds dear in a devastating manner. Should deterrence fail, the President may authorize a precise, tailored response to terminate the conflict at the lowest possible level, post-conflict, regeneration of a credible nuclear deterrent capability will deter further aggression. Finally, the Air Force regularly exercises and evaluates all aspects of operations to ensure high levels of performance. Nuclear surety ensures the safety, security and effectiveness of nuclear operations, the Air Force, in conjunction with other entities within the Departments of Defense or Energy, achieves a high standard of protection through a stringent nuclear surety program. The Air Force continues to pursue safe, secure and effective nuclear weapons consistent with operational requirements, adversaries, allies, and the American people must be highly confident of the Air Forces ability to secure nuclear weapons from accidents, theft, loss, and accidental or unauthorized use. This day-to-day commitment to precise and reliable nuclear operations is the cornerstone of the credibility of the NDO mission, positive nuclear command, control, communications, effective nuclear weapons security, and robust combat support are essential to the overall NDO function. OCA is the method of countering air and missile threats, since it attempts to defeat the enemy closer to its source
30.
Kobe
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Kobe is the sixth-largest city in Japan and is the capital city of Hyōgo Prefecture. It is located on the side of the main island of Honshū, on the north shore of Osaka Bay. With a population around 1.5 million, the city is part of the Keihanshin metropolitan area along with Osaka, the earliest written records regarding the region come from the Nihon Shoki, which describes the founding of the Ikuta Shrine by Empress Jingū in AD201. For most of its history, the area was never a political entity, even during the Tokugawa period. Kobe did not exist in its current form until its founding in 1889 and its name comes from kanbe, an archaic title for supporters of the citys Ikuta Shrine. Kobe became one of Japans 17 designated cities in 1956, Kobe was one of the cities to open for trade with the West following the 1853 end of the policy of seclusion and has since been known as a cosmopolitan port city. While the 1995 Great Hanshin earthquake diminished much of Kobes prominence as a port city, the city is the point of origin and namesake of Kobe beef, as well as the site of one of Japans most famous hot spring resorts, Arima Onsen. Media related to History of Kobe at Wikimedia Commons Tools found in western Kobe demonstrate the area was populated at least from the Jōmon period. The natural geography of the area, particularly of Wada Cape in Hyōgo-ku, led to the development of a port, some of the earliest written documents mentioning the region include the Nihon Shoki, which describes the founding of the Ikuta Shrine by Empress Jingū in AD201. During the Nara and Heian periods, the port was known by the name Ōwada Anchorage and was one of the ports from which imperial embassies to China were dispatched. The city was briefly the capital of Japan in 1180, when Taira no Kiyomori moved his grandson Emperor Antoku to Fukuhara in present-day Hyōgo-ku, the Emperor returned to Kyoto after about five months. Shortly thereafter in 1184, the Taira fortress in Hyōgo-ku and the nearby Ikuta Shrine became the sites of the Genpei War battle of Ichi-no-Tani between the Taira and Minamoto clans, the Minamoto prevailed, pushing the Taira further. As the port grew during the Kamakura period, it became an important hub for trade with China, in the 13th century, the city came to be known by the name Hyōgo Port. During this time, Hyōgo Port, along with northern Osaka and it was not until the abolition of the han system in 1871 and the establishment of the current prefecture system that the area became politically distinct. Hyōgo Port was opened to trade by the government of the Bakufu at the same time as Osaka on January 1,1868, just before the advent of the Boshin War. The region has since been identified with the West and many residences from the period remain in Kobes Kitano area. Kobe, as it is today, was founded on April 1,1889. The history of the city is tied to that of the Ikuta Shrine, and the name Kobe derives from kamube
31.
Korean War
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The Korean War began when North Korea invaded South Korea. The United Nations, with the United States as the principal force, China came to the aid of North Korea, and the Soviet Union gave some assistance. Korea was ruled by Japan from 1910 until the days of World War II. In August 1945, the Soviet Union declared war on Japan, as a result of an agreement with the United States, U. S. forces subsequently moved into the south. By 1948, as a product of the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States, Korea was split into two regions, with separate governments, both governments claimed to be the legitimate government of all of Korea, and neither side accepted the border as permanent. The conflict escalated into open warfare when North Korean forces—supported by the Soviet Union, on that day, the United Nations Security Council recognized this North Korean act as invasion and called for an immediate ceasefire. On 27 June, the Security Council adopted S/RES/83, Complaint of aggression upon the Republic of Korea and decided the formation, twenty-one countries of the United Nations eventually contributed to the UN force, with the United States providing 88% of the UNs military personnel. After the first two months of war, South Korean forces were on the point of defeat, forced back to the Pusan Perimeter, in September 1950, an amphibious UN counter-offensive was launched at Inchon, and cut off many North Korean troops. Those who escaped envelopment and capture were rapidly forced back north all the way to the border with China at the Yalu River, at this point, in October 1950, Chinese forces crossed the Yalu and entered the war. Chinese intervention triggered a retreat of UN forces which continued until mid-1951, after these reversals of fortune, which saw Seoul change hands four times, the last two years of fighting became a war of attrition, with the front line close to the 38th parallel. The war in the air, however, was never a stalemate, North Korea was subject to a massive bombing campaign. Jet fighters confronted each other in combat for the first time in history. The fighting ended on 27 July 1953, when an armistice was signed, the agreement created the Korean Demilitarized Zone to separate North and South Korea, and allowed the return of prisoners. However, no treaty has been signed, and the two Koreas are technically still at war. Periodic clashes, many of which are deadly, continue to the present, in the U. S. the war was initially described by President Harry S. Truman as a police action as it was an undeclared military action, conducted under the auspices of the United Nations. In South Korea, the war is referred to as 625 or the 6–2–5 Upheaval. In North Korea, the war is referred to as the Fatherland Liberation War or alternatively the Chosǒn War. In China, the war is called the War to Resist U. S
32.
Miyoshi Umeki
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Miyoshi Umeki was a Japanese American actress and standards singer. She was a shin Issei, or post-1945 immigrant from Japan and she was a Tony Award and Golden Globe nominated actress and the first only Asian woman to win an Academy Award for acting. Born in Otaru, Hokkaido, she was the youngest of nine children and her father owned an iron factory. After World War II, Umeki began her career as a singer in Japan. Her early influences were traditional Kabuki theater and American pop music, later, in one of her appearances on The Merv Griffin Show, she treated viewers to her impression of singer Billy Eckstine, one of her American favorites growing up. She recorded for RCA Victor Japan from 1950–1954 and appeared in the film Seishun Jazu Musume and she recorded mostly American jazz standards, which she sang partially in Japanese and partially in English, or solely in either language. Some of the songs she sang during this period were It Isnt Fair, Sentimental Me, My Foolish Heart, With A Song In My Heart, Again, Vaya Con Dios, That Doggie in the Window. and Ill Walk Alone. She moved to the United States in 1955 and after appearing on the Arthur Godfrey Talent Scouts, she signed with the Mercury Records label and released several singles and her appearances on the Godfrey program brought her to the attention of director Joshua Logan, who cast her in Sayonara. Umeki won an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role in Sayonara and she was the first Asian performer to win an Academy Award for acting. In 1958, she appeared twice on the NBC variety show, in 1958, she was nominated for a Tony Award for Best Leading Actress in a Musical for her performance in the Broadway premiere production of the musical Flower Drum Song, where she played Mei-Li. The show ran for two years, a Time magazine cover story said that the warmth of her art works a kind of tranquil magic. Umeki went on to appear in the adaptation of the musical. She was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Flower Drum Song, although a guest on many television variety shows, she appeared in only four more motion pictures through 1962, including the film version of Flower Drum Song. The others were Cry for Happy, The Horizontal Lieutenant and A Girl Named Tamiko, from 1969–1972 she appeared in The Courtship of Eddies Father as Mrs. Livingston, the housekeeper, for which she was again nominated for a Golden Globe Award. She retired from acting following the end of the series and her first marriage, to television director Frederick Winfield Wynn Opie in 1958, ended in divorce in 1967. The couple had one son — Michael H. Opie, born in 1964 and she married Randall Hood in 1968, and her sons name was changed to Michael Randall Hood. The couple operated a Los Angeles-based business renting editing equipment to film studios, according to her son, Umeki lived in Sherman Oaks for a number of years before moving to Licking, Missouri, to be near her son and his family, which included two grandchildren. She died at the age of 78 from cancer complications, Again Manhattan Moon With A Song In My Heart Ill Walk Alone My Babys Coming Home Silent Night Im Walking Behind You That Doggie in the Window
33.
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress
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The Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It is given in honor of an actress who has delivered a performance in a supporting role while working within the film industry. At the 9th Academy Awards ceremony held in 1937, Gale Sondergaard was the first winner of award for her role in Anthony Adverse. Initially, winners in both supporting acting categories were awarded instead of statuettes. Beginning with the 16th ceremony held in 1944, however, winners received full-sized statuettes, currently, nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the actors branch of AMPAS, winners are selected by a plurality vote from the entire eligible voting members of the Academy. Since its inception, the award has given to 78 actresses. Dianne Wiest and Shelley Winters have received the most awards in this category with two awards each, despite winning no awards, Thelma Ritter was nominated on six occasions, more than any other actress. As of the 2017 ceremony, Viola Davis is the most recent winner in category for her role as Rose Maxson in Fences. In the following table, the years are listed as per Academy convention, and generally correspond to the year of release in Los Angeles County. Toronto, Ontario, Canada, University of Toronto Press, inside Oscar, The Unofficial History of the Academy Awards. New York, United States, Ballantine Books, oscars. org Oscar. com The Academy Awards Database
34.
Hatari!
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Hatari. is a 1962 American action/adventure romantic drama film directed by Howard Hawks and starring John Wayne. It portrays a group of professional game catchers in Africa, the film includes dramatic wildlife chases and the scenic backdrop of Mount Meru, a dormant volcano. Hatari. was shot in Technicolor and filmed on location in northern Tanganyika, Hatari. is the story of a group of adventurers in East Africa, engaged in the exciting and lucrative but dangerous business of catching wild animals for delivery to zoos around the world. As Momella Game Ltd. they operate from a compound near the town of Arusha and their method is to chase the selected animal across the plains with a truck, driven by Pockets. Sean stands in the bed of the truck with a noose on a long pole. A smaller, faster herding car, driven by Kurt, swings outside, once the animal is snagged, Luis, an expert roper, catches its legs and secures it. The animal is moved into a travel crate and carried on a third truck. The captured animals are held in pens in the compound, tended by native workers, in the opening sequence, the team chases a rhinoceros, but it attacks the herding car and severely gores the Indian, who has to be transported to the Arusha hospital. While they are waiting to hear about the Indians condition, a young Frenchman approaches Sean about taking the Indians job and this offends Kurt, who knocks the Frenchman down. Then Dr. Sanderson says the Indian may die without a transfusion of rare type AB Negative blood, however, the Frenchman has that blood type. He agrees to donate his blood for the transfusion, the group returns to the compound after celebrating the Indians survival. Sean is surprised to find a woman sleeping in his bed. The next morning, she introduces herself as Anna Maria DAlessandro, Sean is annoyed, but under the contract with the zoo they must accommodate her. Dallas quickly makes friends with the others, especially Pockets and she rides along on the groups catching runs, snapping pictures. Dallas is immediately attracted to Sean, and he to her, Pockets explains that a few years earlier, Sean was engaged to a woman who came to the compound, hated Seans life there, and abruptly left him. Ever since, he distrusts women, especially those to whom he is attracted, the young Frenchman comes to the compound and, after proving himself a crack shot, is hired to replace the Indian for the rest of the catching season. His name is Charles Maurey, but Sean dubs him Chips and his job is to ride with Kurt in the herding car, carrying a rifle in case an animal attacks. The Indian returns, and urges Sean to forego catching any rhinos this season, a nice Belgian kid was killed in an earlier rhino chase, as was Brandys father, now the Indian was nearly killed
35.
John Wayne
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Marion Mitchell Morrison, known professionally as John Wayne and nicknamed Duke, was an American actor and filmmaker. An Academy Award-winner for True Grit, Wayne was among the top box office draws for three decades, born in Winterset, Iowa, Wayne grew up in Southern California. He found work at film studios when he lost his football scholarship to the University of Southern California as a result of a bodysurfing accident. Initially working for the Fox Film Corporation, he appeared mostly in bit parts. His first leading role came in Raoul Walshs The Big Trail, Waynes career took off in 1939, with John Fords Stagecoach making him an instant star. He went on to star in 142 pictures, biographer Ronald Davis said, John Wayne personified for millions the nations frontier heritage. Eighty-three of his movies were Westerns, and in them he played cowboys, cavalrymen and he is also remembered for his roles in The Quiet Man, Rio Bravo, and The Longest Day. In his final performance, he starred as an aging gunfighter battling cancer in The Shootist. He appeared with many important Hollywood stars of his era, Wayne was born Marion Robert Morrison on May 26,1907 at 224 South Second Street in Winterset, Iowa. The local paper, Winterset Madisonian, reported on page 4 of the edition of May 30,1907 that Wayne weighed 13 pounds at birth and his middle name was soon changed from Robert to Mitchell when his parents decided to name their next son Robert. Waynes father, Clyde Leonard Morrison, was the son of American Civil War veteran Marion Mitchell Morrison, Waynes mother, the former Mary Molly Alberta Brown, was from Lancaster County, Nebraska. Waynes ancestry included English, Irish, Scots-Irish, and Scottish, Waynes family moved to Palmdale, California, and then in 1916 to Glendale, California, where his father worked as a pharmacist. A local fireman at the station on his route to school in Glendale started calling him Little Duke because he never went anywhere without his huge Airedale Terrier and he preferred Duke to Marion, and the nickname stuck. Wayne attended Wilson Middle School in Glendale, as a teen, he worked in an ice cream shop for a man who shod horses for Hollywood studios. He was also active as a member of the Order of DeMolay and he played football for the 1924 league champion Glendale High School team. Wayne applied to the U. S. Naval Academy, and he instead attended the University of Southern California, majoring in pre-law. He was a member of the Trojan Knights and Sigma Chi fraternities, Wayne also played on the USC football team under coach Howard Jones. A broken collarbone injury curtailed his career, Wayne later noted that he was too terrified of Jones reaction to reveal the actual cause of his injury
36.
Five Weeks in a Balloon (film)
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Five Weeks in a Balloon is a 1962 adventure film loosely based on the novel of the same name by Jules Verne filmed in CinemaScope. It was produced and directed by Irwin Allen, his last feature film in the 1960s before moving to producing science fiction television series. Although set in Africa, it was filmed in California, balloonist Don Piccard acted as the films technical advisor. For visual effects, a model of the balloon was used as well as a full-sized unicorn gondola hung from a crane, the Jupiter, a manned balloon with a unicorn-shaped gondola, falls from the sky during its maiden flight. Passenger Sir Henry Vining and his treasurer scream in horror, however, Professor Fergusson, the balloons inventor remains calm, as he planned on giving a dramatic demonstration showing the balloons controls. On his signal, pilot Jacques, ascends the balloon using a gauge that ensures no loss of gas or ballast. Traumatized by their near-disaster, Sir Henry, head of the Royal Geographic Society and his treasurer refuse to fund Jupiters exploration of east Africa, and walk out on the professor after landing. American publisher Cornelius Randolph comes to the rescue, he back the venture if his star reporter and nephew, Donald OShay. Unbeknownst to the professor, who is told by Randolph that OShea is a young man. On the day Fergusson intends to set sail for Africa, he learns that his expedition is halted, at the British Parliament, the prime minister commissions Fergusson to defeat a convoy of slave traders heading toward uncharted land near the Volta River in West Africa. The slavers aim to stake their claim within six weeks and take over the territory, Fergusson calculates he needs only five weeks to cross Africa by air and plant the British flag at the river. The Prime Minister recommends that he take OShay along as a witness to the planting of their flag. However, he did not calculate the Queen sending along Sir Henry, while Fergusson meets with the British Consul in Zanzibar, Jacques spots OShay helping to free slave girl Makia, fighting off traders and disrupting her sale. When local authorities order them to return her to her owner, angry merchants mob them, but the group is reunited, and the balloon takes off just in time. Landing in a jungle, they learn Makia stowed away to join them, the following day, the balloon sets down in the Arab city of Hezak, causing a panic. A Muslim priest proclaims that OShay is the Moon God and the balloon is the moon and they dine with the Sultan in his palace. There, Ahmed, a slave trader enters, offering for sale a kidnapped American teacher, the moon emerges from the horizon, showing the Sultan they are not gods, but mortals. The crew flee to their ship, taking the American, as it launches, Ahmed clambers in, becoming their comic foil
37.
The Longest Day (film)
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The Longest Day is a 1962 epic war film based on Cornelius Ryans book The Longest Day, about the D-Day landings at Normandy on June 6,1944, during World War II. The film was produced by Darryl F. Zanuck, who paid author Ryan $175,000 for the film rights, the screenplay was by Ryan, with additional material written by Romain Gary, James Jones, David Pursall and Jack Seddon. It was directed by Ken Annakin, Andrew Marton, and Bernhard Wicki, many of these actors played roles that were essentially cameo appearances. The film employed several Axis and Allied military consultants who had been actual participants on D-Day, many had their roles re-enacted in the film. These included, Günther Blumentritt, James M. Gavin, Frederick Morgan, John Howard, Lord Lovat, Philippe Kieffer, Pierre Koenig, Max Pemsel, Werner Pluskat, Josef Pips Priller and Lucie Rommel. A colorized version of film was released on VHS in 1994. The movie is filmed in the style of a docudrama, the film pays particular attention to the decision by Gen. Numerous scenes document the early hours of 6 June when Allied airborne troops were sent in to take key locations inland from the beaches. The French resistance is also shown reacting to the news that an invasion has started, the film concludes with a montage showing various Allied units consolidating their beachheads before they advance inland to reach Germany by crossing France. French producer Raoul Lévy signed a deal with Simon & Schuster to purchase the rights to Cornelius Ryans novel The Longest Day,6 June 1944 D-Day on March 23,1960. After finishing The Truth, Lévy set up a deal with the Associated British Picture Corporation, Ryan would receive $100,000, plus $35,000 to write the adaptations screenplay. Lévy intended to start production in March 1961, filming at Elstree Studios, but the project went into a halt once ABPC could not get the $6 million budget Lévy expected. Eventually former 20th Century Fox mogul Darryl F. Zanuck learned about the book while producing The Big Gamble, Ryan was brought in to write the script, but had conflicts with Zanuck as soon as the two met. Williams was forced to act as a mediator, he would deliver Ryans script pages to Zanuck, while Ryan developed the script, Zanuck also brought in other writers for cleanups, including James Jones and Romain Gary. Zanuck also realized that with eight scenes, shooting would be accomplished more expediently if multiple directors. He contracted with German directors Gerd Oswald and Bernhard Wicki, the British Ken Annakin, zanucks son Richard D. Zanuck was reluctant about the project, particularly the high budget. During the filming of the landings at Omaha Beach, the extras appearing as American soldiers did not want to jump off the craft into the water because they thought it would be too cold. Robert Mitchum, who played Gen. Norman Cota, became disgusted with their trepidation and he jumped in first, at which point the extras followed his example. The Rupert paradummies used in the film were far more elaborate and lifelike than those used in the decoy parachute drop
38.
Harlow (Paramount film)
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Harlow is a 1965 American biographical film directed by Gordon Douglas about the life of film star Jean Harlow. It stars Carroll Baker in the role, and Raf Vallone, Red Buttons, Angela Lansbury, Peter Lawford, Martin Balsam. It was released by Paramount Pictures, shortly after another film with the same title, although the film failed commercially, it was successful in launching the hit song, Girl Talk by Neal Hefti. The film opens with Harlow as an extra and bit actress dealing with her greedy stepfather Marino. With the help of Arthur Landau, she rises to fame and she then marries Paul Bern, an absentee husband who kills himself some time after the marriage. His death, combined with the stress of her career leads Harlow on an odyssey of failed relationships and alcoholism, many actresses were reported to play Harlow in different biopics, Cleo Moore for Columbia and Jayne Mansfield for Fox, but both of these projects fell through. In 1962, it was released that Marilyn Monroe would play Harlow in a lavish biopic as a part of her new contract with Fox. However, after Monroes death, the project was sold to Paramount who cast Carroll Baker in the title role. Based in part on Harlow, An Intimate Biography, writer Irving Shulmans pulp biography, Paramounts Harlow is a look at Harlows life. The widescreen Technicolor film, produced by Joseph E. Levine, was made on a $2.5 million budget, on September 28,2010, Olive Films released Harlow on Region 1 DVD in the United States. List of American films of 1965 Harlow at the Internet Movie Database Harlow at the TCM Movie Database Harlow at AllMovie
39.
The Poseidon Adventure (1972 film)
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The Poseidon Adventure is a 1972 American disaster film directed by Ronald Neame, produced by Irwin Allen, and based on Paul Gallicos novel of the same name. It features an ensemble cast, including five Academy Award winners, Gene Hackman, Ernest Borgnine, Jack Albertson, Shelley Winters, parts of the movie were filmed aboard the RMS Queen Mary. The plot centers on the SS Poseidon, a luxury liner on her final voyage from New York City to Athens before being sent to the scrapyard. On New Years Eve, she is overturned by a rogue wave, passengers and crew are trapped inside, and a rebellious preacher attempts to lead a small group of survivors to safety. It is in the vein of other all-star disaster films of the early-mid 1970s such as Airport, Earthquake, by the end of 1974, it was regarded as a widely successful film. The film won two Academy Awards, a Golden Globe Award, a British Academy Film Award, and a Motion Picture Sound Editors Award, a 1979 sequel, Beyond the Poseidon Adventure, was also based on a novel by Gallico, but was a commercial and critical failure. The S. S. Poseidon, an ocean liner slated for retirement and scrapping, makes her way across the North Atlantic Ocean, the Reverend Frank Scott, a minister believing God helps those who help themselves, delivers a sermon. Detective Lt. Mike Rogo and wife Linda, a former prostitute. Susan and younger brother Robin are traveling to meet their parents, Robin is interested in how the ship works and frequently visits the engine room. Retired Jewish hardware store owner Manny Rosen and wife Belle are going to Israel to meet their two-year-old grandson for the first time, haberdasher James Martin is a love-shy, health-conscious bachelor. The ships singer, Nonnie Parry, rehearses for the New Years Day celebration with her band and that evening, passengers gather in the dining room to celebrate. Harrison is called to the bridge in response to a report of an undersea earthquake and he receives word from the lookout that a huge wave is approaching from the direction of Crete, at 60 knots. He issues a mayday signal and commands a hard left turn. The wave hits the ship and she capsizes, in the dining room, survivors take stock of their predicament. Acres, a waiter, is trapped at the galley door now high above. Scott surmises that the route will be found upwards, at the outer hull. Robin tells him the hull near the shaft is only one inch thick. The Rosens, the Rogos, Susan, Robin, Acres, Nonnie, Scott unsuccessfully tries convincing more passengers to join them
40.
They Shoot Horses, Don't They? (film)
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They Shoot Horses, Dont They. is a 1969 American drama film directed by Sydney Pollack. The screenplay by James Poe and Robert E. Thompson is based on the 1935 novel of the name by Horace McCoy. It focuses on a group of characters desperate to win a Depression-era dance marathon. It stars Jane Fonda, Michael Sarrazin, Susannah York, Bruce Dern, Bonnie Bedelia, Fonda, Young and York won awards for their performances. Robert Syverton, who dreamed of being a great film director. In his youth, he saw a horse break its leg, after which it was shot and he is recruited by MC Rocky as a substitute partner for a cynical malcontent named Gloria, when her original partner is disqualified because of an ominous cough. Early in the marathon the weaker pairs are eliminated quickly, while Rocky observes the vulnerabilities of the contestants and exploits them for the audiences amusement. Frayed nerves are exacerbated by the theft of one of Alices dresses, in retaliation, she takes Joel as her partner, but when he receives a job offer and departs, she aligns herself with Harry. Harry has a heart attack during one of the races. Harry dies as Gloria drags him, Alice, who witnesses his death, has a breakdown and is taken away. Lacking partners, Robert and Gloria again pair up, Rocky suggests the couple marry during the marathon, a publicity stunt guaranteed to earn them some cash, in the form of gifts from supporters such as Mrs. Laydon. When Gloria refuses, he reveals the contest is not what it appears, expenses will be deducted from the prize money, leaving the winner with close to nothing. Shocked by the revelation, the couple out of the competition. The two leave the hall and stand on the pier, overlooking the ocean. Gloria confesses how empty she is inside and tells Robert that she wants to kill herself, desperate, she asks Robert, Help me. He obliges, and shoots her in the head, questioned by the police as to the motive for his action, Robert responds, They shoot horses, dont they. The marathon continues with its few remaining couples, including James, the eventual winners are not revealed. Laydon In the early 1950s, Norman Lloyd and Charlie Chaplin were looking for a project on which to collaborate, with Lloyd as director and Chaplin as producer
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When Time Ran Out
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It was directed by James Goldstone. When Time Ran Out. was a flop and Allens last theatrically released picture and is often regarded as the final 1970s era Disaster film. Despite critical and commercial disappointment, the film was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Costume Design, Kay is in love with Hank Anderson, an oil rigger whose scientists are warning him that a nearby active volcano is about to erupt. Shelbys partner, Bob Spangler, assures guests at the hotel that the threat of the volcano is a total exaggeration, Spangler is married to Shelbys goddaughter Nikki, but is cheating on her with Iolani, an executive with Shelbys hotel. Iolani is engaged to Brian, the general manager. Unbeknownst to all except Spangler, who chooses not to reveal the secret, Brian is his illegitimate younger half-brother, guests at the hotel include a bonds smuggler, Francis Fendly, who is being tailed by a New York City private investigator, Tom Conti. Also on hand are Rene and Rose Valdez, who are retired circus tightrope walkers, Hanks oil-rig workers include Tiny Baker, who has a wager going with cockfighting rival Sam with a prized rooster that has just been delivered to him. Sam and his wife Mona own a local bar, Hank and Kay go for a picnic on the beach to discuss their relationship. During their time together, the volcano erupts and most of the population are wiped out. Tiny and all of Hanks workers are killed in town when a wave crashes onto them. Sam takes Mona and two of his girls, Delores and Marsha, and escapes by car, while Hank and Kay rescue Nikki, the only survivors are those at Shelbys hotel, overlooking a disaster that will surely come straight for them, as the volcano is spewing fireballs. A fireball lands at the hotel - Conti is blinded in the explosion, some of the hotel guests panic and try to escape by stealing the helicopter, but it soon crashes, killing all those inside. Hank insists that everyone must evacuate the hotel and journey to a side of the island to await rescue. Spangler convinces the majority of the guests to stay, including mistress Iolani, Shelby bids a farewell to Nikki, who insists on staying with her husband. After one final attempt to persuade others to them, Hank and Kay leave the hotel along with Shelby, Brian, Rene and Rose, Fendly and Conti, Sam, Mona. At the hotel, Nikki stumbles upon her husbands affair with Iolani, trucks carrying survivors manage to travel as far as a mountainside gorge. Everyone must cross the gorge on foot, Conti is guided by Fendly, and the two become friends. From there, the party comes upon a rickety bridge over a river of molten lava
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Paul Newman
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Paul Leonard Newman was an American actor. Newmans other films include The Hustler, Cool Hand Luke, Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid as Butch Cassidy, The Sting, and The Verdict. Despite being colorblind, Newman won several championships as a driver in Sports Car Club of America road racing. He was a co-founder of Newmans Own, a company from which he donated all post-tax profits. As of 2016, these donations have totaled over US$460 million and he was also a co-founder of Safe Water Network, a nonprofit that develops sustainable drinking water solutions for those in need. In 1988, Newman founded the SeriousFun Childrens Network, a family of summer camps. Newman was born in Shaker Heights, Ohio, the son of Theresa and Arthur Sigmund Newman. Newmans father was Jewish, and was the son of Simon Newman and Hannah Cohn, immigrants from Hungary, Newman had no religion as an adult, but described himself as a Jew, saying its more of a challenge. Newmans mother worked in his fathers store, while raising Paul and his brother, Arthur. Newman showed an early interest in the theater, his first role was at the age of seven, playing the court jester in a school production of Robin Hood. At age 10, Newman performed at the Cleveland Play House in a production of Saint George and the Dragon, graduating from Shaker Heights High School in 1943, he briefly attended Ohio University in Athens, Ohio, where he was initiated into the Phi Kappa Tau fraternity. Newman served in the United States Navy in World War II in the Pacific theater, initially, he enrolled in the Navy V-12 pilot training program at Yale University, but was dropped when his colorblindness was discovered. Boot camp followed, with training as a radioman and rear gunner, qualifying in torpedo bombers in 1944, Aviation Radioman Third Class Newman was sent to Barbers Point, Hawaii. He later flew as a gunner in an Avenger torpedo bomber. As a radioman-gunner, his unit was assigned to the USS Bunker Hill along with other replacements shortly before the Battle of Okinawa in the spring of 1945, the pilot of his aircraft had an ear infection which kept their plane grounded. The rest of their squadron flew to the Bunker Hill, days later, a kamikaze attack on the vessel killed a number of service members, including the other members of his unit. After the war, Newman completed his Bachelor of Arts in drama and economics at Kenyon College in Gambier, shortly after earning his degree, he joined several summer stock companies, most notably the Belfry Players in Wisconsin and the Woodstock Players in Illinois. He toured with them for three months and developed his talents as a part of Woodstock Players and he later attended the Yale School of Drama for one year, before moving to New York City to study under Lee Strasberg at the Actors Studio
