1.
Star Trek: The Original Series
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Star Trek is an American science fiction television series created by Gene Roddenberry that follows the adventures of the starship USS Enterprise and its crew. It later acquired the retronym of Star Trek, The Original Series to distinguish the show within the franchise that it began. The show is set in the Milky Way galaxy, roughly during the 2260s, the ship and crew are led by Captain James T. Kirk, first officer and science officer Spock, and chief medical officer Leonard McCoy. Shatners voice-over introduction during each episodes opening credits stated the purpose, Space. These are the voyages of the starship Enterprise and its five-year mission, to explore strange new worlds, to seek out new life and new civilizations, to boldly go where no man has gone before. The series was produced from September 1966 to December 1967 by Norway Productions and Desilu Productions, Star Trek aired on NBC from September 8,1966 to June 3,1969 and was actually seen first on September 6,1966, on Canadas CTV network. Star Treks Nielsen ratings while on NBC were low, and the network cancelled it after three seasons and 79 episodes. Several years later, the became a bona fide hit in broadcast syndication, remaining so throughout the 1970s, achieving cult classic status. The series contains significant elements of Space Western, as described by Gene Roddenberry, on March 11,1964, Gene Roddenberry, a long-time fan of science fiction, drafted a short treatment for a science-fiction television series that he called Star Trek. This was to be set on board a large interstellar spaceship S. S. Yorktown in the 23rd century, whose crew was dedicated to exploring a small portion of our galaxy. Some of the influences on his idea that Roddenberry noted included A. E. van Vogts tales of the spaceship Space Beagle, Eric Frank Russells Marathon series of stories, and the film Forbidden Planet. Roddenberry also drew heavily from C. S. Foresters Horatio Hornblower novels that depict a sea captain who exercises broad discretionary authority on distant sea missions of noble purpose. Roddenberry often humorously referred to Captain Kirk as Horatio Hornblower in Space, Roddenberry had extensive experience in writing for series about the Old West that had been popular television fare earlier in the 1960s and the 1950s. Armed with this background, the first draft deliberately characterizes the new show as Wagon Train to the stars. Like the familiar Wagon Train, each episode was to be an adventure story, set within the overarching structure of a continuing journey. With the notable exception of Star Trek, Deep Space Nine, all future television, in Roddenberrys original concept, the protagonist was Captain Robert April of the starship S. S. Yorktown. This character was developed into Captain Christopher Pike, first portrayed by Jeffrey Hunter, in April 1964, Roddenberry presented the Star Trek draft to Desilu Productions, a leading independent television production company. He met with Herb Solow, Desilus Director of Production, Solow saw promise in the idea and signed a three-year program-development contract with Roddenberry
2.
NBC
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The National Broadcasting Company is an American commercial broadcast television network that is the flagship property of NBCUniversal, a subsidiary of Comcast. The network is part of the Big Three television networks, founded in 1926 by the Radio Corporation of America, NBC is the oldest major broadcast network in the United States. Following the acquisition by GE, Bob Wright served as executive officer of NBC, remaining in that position until his retirement in 2007. In 2003, French media company Vivendi merged its entertainment assets with GE, Comcast purchased a controlling interest in the company in 2011, and acquired General Electrics remaining stake in 2013. Following the Comcast merger, Zucker left NBC Universal and was replaced as CEO by Comcast executive Steve Burke, during a period of early broadcast business consolidation, radio manufacturer Radio Corporation of America acquired New York City radio station WEAF from American Telephone & Telegraph. Westinghouse, a shareholder in RCA, had an outlet in Newark, New Jersey pioneer station WJZ. This station was transferred from Westinghouse to RCA in 1923, WEAF acted as a laboratory for AT&Ts manufacturing and supply outlet Western Electric, whose products included transmitters and antennas. The Bell System, AT&Ts telephone utility, was developing technologies to transmit voice- and music-grade audio over short and long distances, the 1922 creation of WEAF offered a research-and-development center for those activities. WEAF maintained a schedule of radio programs, including some of the first commercially sponsored programs. In an early example of chain or networking broadcasting, the station linked with Outlet Company-owned WJAR in Providence, Rhode Island, AT&T refused outside companies access to its high-quality phone lines. The early effort fared poorly, since the telegraph lines were susceptible to atmospheric. In 1925, AT&T decided that WEAF and its network were incompatible with the companys primary goal of providing a telephone service. AT&T offered to sell the station to RCA in a deal that included the right to lease AT&Ts phone lines for network transmission, the divisions ownership was split among RCA, its founding corporate parent General Electric and Westinghouse. NBC officially started broadcasting on November 15,1926, WEAF and WJZ, the flagships of the two earlier networks, were operated side-by-side for about a year as part of the new NBC. On April 5,1927, NBC expanded to the West Coast with the launch of the NBC Orange Network and this was followed by the debut of the NBC Gold Network, also known as the Pacific Gold Network, on October 18,1931. The Orange Network carried Red Network programming, and the Gold Network carried programming from the Blue Network, initially, the Orange Network recreated Eastern Red Network programming for West Coast stations at KPO in San Francisco. The Orange Network name was removed from use in 1936, at the same time, the Gold Network became part of the Blue Network. In the 1930s, NBC also developed a network for shortwave radio stations, in 1927, NBC moved its operations to 711 Fifth Avenue in Manhattan, occupying the upper floors of a building designed by architect Floyd Brown
3.
Star Trek: Deep Space Nine
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Star Trek, Deep Space Nine is a science fiction television series set in the Star Trek universe in the Milky Way galaxy, in the years 2369–2375. In contrast to other Star Trek TV shows, it takes place on a space station instead of a starship, so as not to have two series with starships in the same time period. The show is noted for its characters, original and complex plots, and religious themes. It often showcased darker themes, less physical exploration of space, and, in later seasons, DS9 premiered in 1993 and ran for seven seasons until 1999. The series was created by Rick Berman and Michael Piller at the request of Brandon Tartikoff, as overall head of Star Trek production, Berman served as executive producer for the seriess entire run. Piller initially served as executive producer and showrunner, but left the series in 1995 to manage Star Trek Voyager. Writer Ira Steven Behr was promoted by Berman to replace Piller as showrunner, in addition to Berman, Piller, and Behr, key writers included Robert Hewitt Wolfe, Ronald D. Moore, Peter Allan Fields, Bradley Thompson, David Weddle, Hans Beimler and René Echevarria. DS9 began while Star Trek, The Next Generation was still on the air, the stations first appearance in TNG was during the sixth-season episode Birthright. In addition, two Next Generation characters, Miles OBrien and Worf, became members of DS9. The station also appeared in the Star Trek, Voyager pilot episode, each DS9 episode began with the same opening sequence. A small comet is traveling through deep space, leaving an icy trail. As shuttle craft are seen moving about, the ends with the wormhole seen opening. DS9 centers on the formerly Cardassian space station Terok Nor, the station is renamed Deep Space Nine, and a Starfleet crew is assigned to manage it. Deep Space Nine and Bajor quickly become a center for exploration, interstellar trade, political maneuvering, Deep Space Nine becomes a key military base for the Federation in the Dominion War, and is assigned the starship USS Defiant to aid in its protection. While its predecessors tended to restore the status quo ante at the end of episode, allowing out-of-order viewing, DS9 contains story arcs that span episodes. One installment often builds upon earlier ones, with several cliffhanger endings, Michael Piller considered this one of the seriess best qualities, allowing repercussions of past episodes to influence future events and forcing characters to learn that actions have consequences. This trend was especially noticeable toward the finale, by which time the show was intentionally scripted as a serial. Unlike Star Trek, The Next Generation, interpersonal conflicts were prominently featured in DS9, in Pillers words, People who come from different places—honorable, noble people—will naturally have conflicts
4.
Star Trek (film)
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Star Trek is a 2009 American science fiction adventure film directed by J. J. Abrams, written by Roberto Orci and Alex Kurtzman and distributed by Paramount Pictures. Kirk and Spock aboard USS Enterprise as they combat Nero, a Romulan from their future who threatens the United Federation of Planets, the story takes place in an alternate reality because of time travel by both Nero and the original Spock. The alternate timeline was created in an attempt to free the film, the idea for a prequel film which would follow the Star Trek characters during their time in Starfleet Academy was discussed by series creator Gene Roddenberry in 1968. After the separation between Viacom and CBS Corporation, former Paramount president Gail Berman convinced CBS to allow Paramount to produce a feature film, Orci and Kurtzman, both fans of the Star Trek series, were approached to write the film and Abrams was approached to direct it. Kurtzman and Orci used inspiration from novels and graduate school dissertations as well as the series itself, principal photography commenced on November 7,2007 and ended on March 27,2008. The film was shot in locations around California and Utah. Abrams wanted to avoid using bluescreen and greenscreen, opting to use sets, heavy secrecy surrounded the films production and was under the fake working title Corporate Headquarters. Industrial Light & Magic used digital ships for the film, as opposed to the films in the franchise. Production for the film concluded by the end of 2008 and it was released in the United States and Canada on May 8,2009, to critical acclaim. Critics praised the development as well as the storyline in the film. Star Trek became a box office success, grossing over $385.7 million worldwide against its budget of $150 million. The DVD and Blu-ray for the film were released on October 19,2010, the film is followed by two sequels, Star Trek Into Darkness and Star Trek Beyond with a fourth having been announced. In the 23rd century, the Federation starship USS Kelvin is investigating a storm in space. A Romulan ship, Narada, emerges from the storm and attacks Kelvin, naradas first officer, Ayel, demands that Kelvins Captain Robau come aboard to negotiate a truce. Robau is questioned about the current stardate and an Ambassador Spock, naradas commander, Nero, kills him, and resumes attacking Kelvin. George Kirk, Kelvins first officer, orders the ships personnel, including his pregnant wife Winona, Kirk sacrifices his life to ensure Winonas survival as she gives birth to James T. Kirk. Seventeen years later on the planet Vulcan, a young Spock is accepted to join the Vulcan Science Academy, realizing that the Academy views his human mother Amanda as a disadvantage, he joins Starfleet instead. On Earth, Kirk becomes a reckless but intelligent young adult, three years later, Commander Spock accuses Kirk of cheating during the Kobayashi Maru simulation
5.
South Park
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South Park is an American adult animated sitcom created by Trey Parker and Matt Stone and developed by Brian Graden for the television network, Comedy Central. The show revolves around four boys—Stan Marsh, Kyle Broflovski, Eric Cartman, Parker and Stone developed the show from The Spirit of Christmas, two consecutive animated shorts created in 1992 and 1995. The latter became one of the first Internet viral videos, ultimately leading to South Parks production and it debuted in August 1997 with great success, consistently earning the highest ratings of any basic cable program. Subsequent ratings have varied but it remains one of Comedy Centrals highest rated shows, the pilot episode was produced using cutout animation, leading to all subsequent episodes produced with computer animation that emulated the technique ever since. Parker and Stone perform most of the acting for the shows male characters. Since 2000, each episode is written and produced during the week preceding its broadcast, with Parker serving as the primary writer. There have been a total of 277 episodes over the course of the shows 20 seasons, South Park has received numerous accolades, including five Primetime Emmy Awards, a Peabody Award, and numerous inclusions in various publications lists of greatest television shows. In 2013, TV Guide ranked South Park the tenth Greatest TV Cartoon of All Time, the show follows the exploits of four boys, Stan Marsh, Kyle Broflovski, Eric Cartman and Kenny McCormick. The boys live in the small town of South Park. Stan is portrayed as the everyman of the group, as the website describes him as an average. Kyle is the lone Jew among the group, and his portrayal in this role is often dealt satirically, Stan is modeled after Parker, while Kyle is modeled after Stone. They are best friends, and their friendship, symbolically intended to reflect Parker, Eric Cartman is loud, obnoxious, and amoral, often portrayed as an antagonist. His anti-Semitic attitude has resulted in a rivalry with Kyle. Kenny, who comes from a family, wears his parka hood so tightly that it covers most of his face. During the shows first five seasons, Kenny would die in every episode before returning in the next with little-to-none. He was written out of the sixth season in 2002. Since then, Kennys death has been used by the shows creators. During the shows first 58 episodes, the boys were in the third grade, in the season four episode 4th Grade, they entered the fourth grade, but have remained ever since
6.
The City on the Edge of Forever
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The City on the Edge of Forever is the 28th episode of the American science fiction television series Star Trek, and the penultimate episode of the first season. It was first broadcast in the United States on NBC on April 6,1967, set in the 23rd century, the series follows the adventures of Captain James T. Kirk and his crew aboard the Starfleet starship USS Enterprise, in this episode, after Doctor Leonard McCoy travels back in time and changes history, Kirk and Spock follow him to correct the timeline. In doing so, Kirk falls in love with Edith Keeler, the writing of this episode took over ten months, from the initial pitch by Harlan Ellison to the final re-write by Gene Roddenberry. Steven W. Carabatsos and D. C, Fontana, both story editors on the show, undertook re-writes of the teleplay, and changes have also been attributed to producer Gene L. Coon. The episode went over budget by more than $50,000, mistakes were made in the set design with an instruction for runes misconstrued as a request for ruins. With Matt Jefferies ill, Rolland Brooks designed the set and the Guardian of Forever, to the surprise of Jefferies on his return. The City on the Edge of Forever placed second in the ratings, with Nielsen ratings showing 11.64 million viewers watching the first half hour and a 28.4 percent audience share for the remainder. The episode received critical acclaim and has been frequently stated to be the best episode of the entire franchise, with it fondly received by cast, crew. Elements such as the ending were highlighted by several reviewers. It won several awards, including the Writers Guild of America Award for Best Episodic Drama on Television, despite claims by Roddenberry, it did not win a Nebula Award. The Guardian of Forever later re-appeared in the Star Trek, The Animated Series episode Yesteryear and it has been included in a variety of Star Trek novels, comic books and video games. The City on the Edge of Forever was one of the first instances of hell being used as profanity on television. Chief Medical Officer Leonard McCoy is treating an injured Lt. Hikaru Sulu when the Enterprise is rocked by a distortion, delusional, he flees from the bridge to the transporter room, beaming himself down to a nearby planet. Kirk leads a party to look for McCoy, and they come across an ancient glowing stone ring. The Guardian of Forever explains that it is a doorway to any time, while Spock is recording historic images from the portal, McCoy escapes through it, into the past. The landing party suddenly loses contact with the Enterprise and is informed by the Guardian that the past has been altered, the ship—along with the entire Federation—no longer exists. The Guardian permits Kirk and Spock to follow McCoy in an effort to repair the timeline and they arrive in New York City during the 1930s Great Depression
7.
Galaxy Quest
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Galaxy Quest is a 1999 American comedy science fiction film directed by Dean Parisot and written by David Howard and Robert Gordon. Mark Johnson and Charles Newirth produced the film for DreamWorks Pictures, enrico Colantoni stars as the leader of an alien race who ask the actors for help, believing the shows adventures were real. The films supporting cast features Robin Sachs as the warlord Sarris, justin Long makes his feature film debut as an obsessed fan of the television show. The film received praise and reached cult status through the years, becoming popular with Star Trek fans, staff. The film was included in Readers Digests list of The Top 100+ Funniest Movies of All Time, the former cast of the once-popular television space-adventure series Galaxy Quest spend most of their days attending fan conventions and promotional stunts. During one event, Nesmith is approached by Mathesar and others calling themselves Thermians and request his assistance, after Nesmith spends the night drinking heavily, the Thermians arrive to pick up a hungover Nesmith in the limo he had requested. Unaware that they are truly octopoidal aliens, using technology to appear human, aboard their ship in deep space, Nesmith goes through the motions of commanding the ship and asks to be returned home. When they send him back to Earth via a transporter, Nesmith realizes that it is all real and he races to meet his cast, accidentally bumping into Brandon and misplacing a Thermian communicator Mathasar gave him with Brandons fan-made replica. Nesmith eagerly relates his experience to the crew, who think he is drunk again and they are all transported to a perfect reproduction of the NSEA Protector in deep space, and are shocked by the reality of the situation. Mathesar begs the crew to command the Protector, as Nesmiths previous actions have enraged Sarris, while they were able to recreate the ship from the broadcast episodes, the Thermians have no idea how to pilot it. The crew hesitantly take the controls, and despite their ineptitude, after the second encounter with Sarris ship, they barely evade his attack by flying through a minefield, severely damaging the ship. The humans take a shuttle to a planet to find a replacement beryllium sphere as a new power source. They manage to secure the sphere after a run-in with the alien species on the planet. Once back aboard the Protector, they find that Sarris and his soldiers have captured the ship, Sarris interrogates the humans, discovering they are only actors, and recognizes that the Thermians have no concept of fiction, believing the show to have been real. Sarris sets the Protector to self-destruct and departs, leaving a few soldiers to guard the humans. Nesmith and DeMarco then set off into the bowels of the ship to stop the sequence, using help from Brandon. Having finally accepted their roles on the ship and gained confidence in themselves, Nesmith and his crew use the minefield as a weapon against Sarris ship and they prepare to head to Earth when Sarris, who has transported over at the last moment, starts killing the crew. A desperate Nesmith activates the Omega 13, which reverses time far enough for him to knock out Sarris and they near a wormhole to return the humans home via the command module, and Nesmith assures Mathesar he has the ability to command the Protector along with the other Thermians
8.
Buffy the Vampire Slayer
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The series premiered on March 10,1997, on The WB and concluded on May 20,2003, on UPN. The series narrative follows Buffy Summers, the latest in a line of women known as Vampire Slayers. In the story, Slayers are called to battle against vampires, demons, like previous Slayers, Buffy is aided by a Watcher, who guides, teaches, and trains her. Unlike her predecessors, Buffy surrounds herself with a circle of friends who become known as the Scooby Gang. The series received critical and popular acclaim, frequently being listed as one of the greatest TV shows of all time, although such ratings are lower than successful shows on the big four networks, they were a success for the relatively new and smaller WB Television Network. Buffys success has led to hundreds of products, including novels, comics. The series has received attention in fandom, parody, and academia, Buffy Summers is the Slayer, one in a long line of young women chosen by fate to battle evil forces. Buffy receives guidance from her Watcher, Rupert Giles, Giles, rarely referred to by his first name, is a member of the Watchers Council, whose job is to train and guide the Slayers. Giles researches the supernatural creatures that Buffy must face, offers insights into their origins and advice on how to defeat them, Buffy is also helped by friends she meets at Sunnydale High, Willow Rosenberg and Xander Harris. Willow is originally a wallflower who excels at academics, providing a contrast to Buffys outgoing personality and they share the social isolation that comes with being different, and especially from being exceptional young women. As the series progresses, Willow becomes a more assertive character and a powerful witch, in contrast, Xander, with no supernatural skills but very athletic, provides comic relief and a grounded perspective. It is Xander who often provides the heart to the series, Buffy and Willow are the only characters who appear in all 144 episodes, Xander is missing in only one. The cast of characters grew over the course of the series, Buffy first arrives in Sunnydale with her mother, Joyce Summers, who functions as an anchor of normality in the Summers lives even after she learns of Buffys role in the supernatural world. Buffys younger sister Dawn Summers is introduced in season five, a vampire with a soul, Angel, is Buffys love interest throughout the first three seasons. He leaves Buffy as he believes he isnt good enough for her and he goes on to make amends for his sins and to search for redemption in his own spin-off, Angel. He makes several guest appearances in the seasons, including the last episode. At Sunnydale High, Buffy meets several other students besides Willow and Xander willing to join her fight for good, Cordelia Chase, the archetypal shallow cheerleader, reluctantly becomes involved. Daniel Oz Osbourne, a student, rock guitarist and werewolf
9.
Lost (TV series)
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Lost is an American television drama series that originally aired on the American Broadcasting Company from September 22,2004, to May 23,2010, over six seasons, comprising a total of 121 episodes. Lost is a series containing elements of science fiction and the supernatural. It follows the survivors of the crash of a passenger jet. The story is told in a serialized manner. Episodes typically feature a storyline set on the island, augmented by flashback or flashforward sequences which provide additional insight into the involved character. Lost was created by Jeffrey Lieber, J. J. Abrams and Damon Lindelof, who share story-writing credits for the pilot episode, which Abrams directed. Throughout the shows run, Lindelof and Carlton Cuse served as showrunners and head writers, working together with a large number of other executive producers and writers. Due to its ensemble cast and the cost of filming primarily on location in Oahu, Hawaii. Having achieved both wide acclaim and commercial success throughout its run, Lost has been consistently ranked by critics as one of the greatest television dramas of all time. The first season garnered an average of 16 million viewers per episode on ABC. During its sixth and final season, the show averaged over 11 million U. S. viewers per episode, users of IMDb. com Pro gave Lost the highest average ranking for any television series during the first ten years of that websites operation. Season 1 begins with the aftermath of a crash, which leaves the surviving passengers of Oceanic Airlines Flight 815 on what seems to be an uninhabited tropical island. Jack Shephard, a doctor, becomes their leader and their survival is threatened by a number of mysterious entities, including polar bears, an unseen creature that roams the jungle, and the islands malevolent inhabitants known as The Others. They encounter a French woman named Danielle Rousseau, who was shipwrecked on the island 16 years before the story and is desperate for news of a daughter named Alex. They also find a metal hatch buried in the ground. While two survivors, Locke and Boone, try to force the hatch open, four others, Michael, Jin, Walt, meanwhile, flashbacks centered on individual survivors detail their lives prior to the plane crash. Season 2 follows the conflict between the survivors and the Others and continues the theme of the clash between faith and science, while resolving old mysteries and posing new ones. The four survivors in the raft are ambushed by the Others, the survivors are forced to return to the island, where they find the tail-section survivors
10.
American Broadcasting Company
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The network is headquartered on Columbus Avenue and West 66th Street in Manhattan, New York City. There are additional offices and production facilities elsewhere in New York City, as well as in Los Angeles and Burbank. Since 2007, when ABC Radio was sold to Citadel Broadcasting, ABC originally launched on October 12,1943, as a radio network, separated from and serving as the successor to the NBC Blue Network, which had been purchased by Edward J. Noble. It extended its operations to television in 1948, following in the footsteps of established broadcast networks CBS, in the mid-1950s, ABC merged with United Paramount Theatres, a chain of movie theaters that formerly operated as a subsidiary of Paramount Pictures. Leonard Goldenson, who had been the head of UPT, made the new television network profitable by helping develop, in 1996, most of Capital Cities/ABCs assets were purchased by The Walt Disney Company. The television network has eight owned-and-operated and over 232 affiliated television stations throughout the United States, most Canadians have access to at least one U. S. ABC News provides news and features content for radio stations owned by Citadel Broadcasting. In the 1930s, radio in the United States was dominated by three companies, the Columbia Broadcasting System, the Mutual Broadcasting System and the National Broadcasting Company. The last was owned by electronics manufacturer Radio Corporation of America, in 1938, the FCC began a series of investigations into the practices of radio networks and published its report on the broadcasting of network radio programs in 1940. The report recommended that RCA give up control of either NBC Red or NBC Blue, at that time, the NBC Red Network was the principal radio network in the United States and, according to the FCC, RCA was using NBC Blue to eliminate any hint of competition. Once Mutuals appeals against the FCC were rejected, RCA decided to sell NBC Blue in 1941, the newly separated NBC Red and NBC Blue divided their respective corporate assets. Investment firm Dillon, Read & Co. offered $7.5 million to purchase the network, Edward John Noble, the owner of Life Savers candy, drugstore chain Rexall and New York City radio station WMCA, purchased the network for $8 million. Due to FCC ownership rules, the transaction, which was to include the purchase of three RCA stations by Noble, would require him to resell his station with the FCCs approval, the Commission authorized the transaction on October 12,1943. Soon afterward, the Blue Network was purchased by the new company Noble founded, Noble subsequently acquired the rights to the American Broadcasting Company name from George B. Meanwhile, in August 1944, the West Coast division of the Blue Network, both stations were then managed by Don Searle, the vice-president of the Blue Networks West Coast division. The ABC Radio Network created its audience slowly, the network also became known for such suspenseful dramas as Sherlock Holmes, Gang Busters and Counterspy, as well as several mid-afternoon youth-oriented programs. S. From Nazi Germany after its conquest, to pre-record its programming, while its radio network was undergoing reconstruction, ABC found it difficult to avoid falling behind on the new medium of television. To ensure a space, in 1947, ABC submitted five applications for television station licenses, the ABC television network made its debut on April 19,1948, with WFIL-TV in Philadelphia becoming its first primary affiliate
11.
Hugo "Hurley" Reyes
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Hugo Hurley Reyes is a fictional character on the ABC television series Lost played by Jorge Garcia. For most of the run, Hurley served as the shows comic relief, but occasionally. He takes over as the Islands protector from Jack Shephard then takes Benjamin Linus as his adviser, the same way Jacob took Richard Alpert. His storylines mostly involved his mental illness, his belief that his lottery win is a curse to those around him, his relationship to The Numbers, Hurley is involved in an accident in which a deck collapses as he steps onto it, killing two people. Even though there were too many people on the prior to his arrival. He sinks into a state, so his mother enters him into a psychiatric institution. There he creates an imaginary friend called Dave, and meets Leonard Simms, Hurleys condition eventually improves, he leaves the institution and he resumes his job at a fast-food restaurant. He uses the numbers 4,8,15,16,23 and 42 in the lottery, Hurley begins experiencing constant bad luck, and as his net worth increases, so does his bad luck. Hurley suspects the numbers he used to win the lottery are cursed and he tells Hurley the man who could explain the mystery of the numbers, Sam Toomey, lives in Australia. Before Hurley can travel to Australia, his returns to the family. He convinces Hurley to go to a psychic to cure his curse, once in Australia, Hurley visits Sam Toomeys wife, who reveals that Sam was driven to suicide to escape his constant bad luck. Halfway through the flight, the plane hits turbulence, splits in mid-air. During the chaos post-crash, Hurley looks after Claire, a pregnant woman, at the request of Jack, a doctor. Hurley helps the group ration the food and water from the plane, in a brief scene that made the character. Hurley moves into the caves with some of the other survivors, when Claire claims to have been attacked one night, Hurley creates a census and discovers that Ethan, a fellow survivor, was never on the flight. When Hurley looks at the maps that Sayid recovered from Rousseau and he treks into the jungle in search of Rousseau, with Jack, Sayid and Charlie in pursuit. After being separated from the rest of the group, Hurley eventually encounters Rousseau, who reveals that the numbers brought her to the island and that night, during a heart-to-heart, he tells Charlie about his wealth. Charlie does not take him seriously, and storms off, one morning, Rousseau arrives on the beach and warns the camp that the Others are coming
12.
Otis D. Wright II
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Otis Dalino Wright II is a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Central District of California. Born in Tuskegee, Alabama, Wright received a Bachelor of Arts degree from California State University at Los Angeles in 1976 and he was in the United States Marine Corps from 1963 to 1966, remaining in the United States Marine Corps Reserve until 1969. He was a deputy sheriff in the Los Angeles County Sheriffs Department from 1969 to 1980 and he was a deputy attorney general in the Office of the Attorney General, California Department of Justice from 1980 to 1983. He was in practice in Los Angeles, California from 1983 to 2005. On October 28,2005, California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger announced that he would be appointing Wright to serve as a judge on the Los Angeles County Superior Court. Wright was nominated to the United States District Court for the Central District of California by President George W. Bush on January 9,2007 and he was confirmed by the United States Senate on March 15,2007, and received his commission on April 16,2007. Otis D. Wright II at the Biographical Directory of Federal Judges, a public domain publication of the Federal Judicial Center
13.
Prenda Law
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The firm ostensibly dissolved itself in July 2013 shortly after the adverse ruling, while in 2014, ABA Journal-Law News described the Prenda Law saga as entering legal folklore. As a result, the firm and its principals were fined, the matter was referred to the United States Attorney for Central California. The firm would then offer to settle the case for a little below the cost of a legal defense. Cases with robust defendants and non-profitable cases were dropped, in December 2016, Steele and Hansmeier were arrested by Federal authorities and charged with 18 counts of running a multimillion-dollar extortion scheme between 2011 and 2014. Steele subsequently pled guilty to one count of money laundering and one count of fraud in March 2017. That is, the recipient would be stigmatized and identified to the public as someone who had illegally downloaded specific pornography titles on the internet, and been sued in court for doing so. The letters then offered to make the case go away silently for a fee—$4,000 was the price of silence offered to some. S, District Judge Otis D. Wright II called an extortion payment. Alan Cooper claimed in his 2013 testimony, that an attorney ruled to be one of Prendas principals had stated to him that his goal was $10,000 a day, to have a mailing of these letters. Hat he would just send out a letter stating that if they didnt send a check for a certain amount, signatures and representatives purported to be of clients, were ruled to be falsified, with at least one identity stolen and one purported representative excluded from court. In a 2013 Minnesota review of five closed cases, none of the used to show standing were ruled to be credible. The rewards reaped by what Wright called the porno-trolling collective ran into the millions, Steele told Forbes magazine that his firm had filed over 350 lawsuits against more than 20,000 people, resulting in a little less than $15 million in settlements. In November 2012, Morgan Pietz was engaged as defense attorney against a case brought by Ingenuity 13 and he stated that, in the course of case preparation, he noticed various anomalies within Prendas past litigation. The case was dismissed as a fraud on the court. Pietz described these as the first thing started to wonder about, Brett Gibbs had also been one of the Prenda attorneys named in the Sunlust hearing. Prenda in response tried and failed to get the judge removed and also to sue Cooper for defamation, Hansmeier eventually testified of one Prenda plaintiff company, that its business was buying copyrights in order to litigate against their downloaders, and that it had never paid any tax. Prenda also sought to end the case by requesting dismissal, which was also declined, on February 7,2013 the court instead ordered plaintiffs attorney Brett Gibbs to attend a hearing, in order to answer questions concerning the firms conduct in the case. This may include a fine, incarceration, or other sanctions. As well as the plaintiffs and Gibbs as their attorney, Steele, Hansmeier and his brother, Duffy, Lutz, and Cooper were also among those ordered by the court to attend
14.
Duckman
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Duckman, Private Dick/Family Man is an American adult animated sitcom that aired on the USA Network from March 5,1994 through September 6,1997. It was created and developed by Everett Peck, the sitcom is based on characters created by Peck in his Dark Horse comic. Klasky Csupo animated the series and produced it along with Reno & Osborn Productions for Paramount Network Television and it marks Klasky Csupos second adult-oriented television series after The Simpsons. Years later after Duckman, Peck went on to create Squirrel Boy for Cartoon Network, the series centers on Eric T. Duckman, a lascivious, widowed, self-hating, grouchy anthropomorphic duck who lives with his family in Los Angeles and works as a private detective. The tagline of the show, seen in the credits, is Private Dick/Family Man. In the final episode, four couples got married – the last three in a joint ceremony, the kids, Fluffy and Uranus, and a number of characters from previous episodes are shown to be in attendance. As the ceremonies draw to a close, though, Beatrice appears, when Duckman asks how she can still be alive, Beatrice indicates Cornfed always knew. The last line of the series is Cornfed saying, I can explain, the show then ends with To be continued. Im hoping to leave it to my heirs, for the day when Duckman is revived by future generations. Ah, the Spandex suits theyll wear, the hovercrafts theyll fly, on August 13th,2015, writer Michael Markowitz revealed after 18 years what the resolution to the cliffhanger was going to be. In the United Kingdom it aired on Sky 1 and in Canada it is a program on MTV2. The initial showrunners were Peck, Reno and Osborn, and the show was produced in association with Paramount Network Television, the animation was produced by Klasky Csupo. In later years, the running duties went to David Misch. Creator and executive producer Everett Peck was with the show for its entire run, producer Gene Laufenberg was with the show for most of its run. Scott Wilk and Todd Yvega created original music for the series, the first season also featured excerpts from Frank Zappas published catalog. The players goal is to help Duckman get rid of the impostor, originally intended for release in the United States, the game was completed and ready for distribution when the publisher, Playmates Interactive Entertainment, declared bankruptcy. Eventually, the rights were bought at auction by FunSoft, the game had localized text added to replace the English and it was released in Germany, in January 2008, TVShowsonDVD. com reported that Duckman would be coming to region 1 DVD. Details followed in May, when it was announced that the first release in the series would be the first two seasons,22 combined episodes on three discs, on September 16,2008
15.
Forlorn hope
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A forlorn hope is a band of soldiers or other combatants chosen to take the leading part in a military operation, such as an assault on a defended position, where the risk of casualties is high. Such a band is known as the enfants perdus. The term comes from the Dutch verloren hoop, literally lost troop, the Dutch word hoop usually means hope but is in this context cognate to the English word heap. The term was used in military contexts to denote a troop formation, the Dutch word hoop is not cognate with English hope, this is an example of false folk etymology. The mistranslation of verloren hoop as forlorn hope is a quaint misunderstanding using the nearest-sounding English words and this false etymology is further entrenched by the fact that in Dutch the word hoop is a homograph meaning hope as well as heap, though the two senses have different etymologies. The men of the Verlorene Haufen carried long double-handed swords, with which they had to hew their way through the massive pike formations opposing them and they also had to withstand the first wave of attacks when defending a breastwork. As a field sign, the Verlorene Haufen carried a red Blutfahne, in consequence, despite the grave risks involved for all concerned, there was often serious competition for the opportunity to lead such an assault and to display conspicuous valor. Banzai charge Battle of Sari Bair Second Battle of Fort Wagner Cannon fodder Frontal assault Kamikaze Penal military unit Shock troops Suicide attack Suicide mission
16.
Greenshirts (G.I. Joe)
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Greenshirts are the generic-looking soldiers from the cartoon G. I. Due to the look of each G. I. Joe member, it became a problem for Sunbow animators to render the G. I, Joe Team, especially for all-out battle scenes. The solution was to create generic G. I and this also addressed a problem not brought up in the comics, Cobra would outnumber the Joes. The appearance of the Greenshirts are based upon the G. I, Joe team member Grunt, the Joe Teams infantry squad leader. The name Greenshirts came to use within canon with the release of new G. I, Joe comics from Devils Due Productions. In this continuity, the Greenshirts were soldiers used as troops for the main G. I. The Greenshirts were broken into three different types, infantry, navy and air force, some of them have been given personalities and play slightly bigger roles, even gaining Joe code-names and more prominent roles. Greenshirts are introduced in the issue of the series. There is Tony Beuke, F. B. I. agent, shipwreck meets Chief Petty Officer David Adcox. Paige Adams shows off her shooting skills, crawford defeats Gung-Ho in a sparring session. Greenshirts and veteran Joes are sent on an assault on the Florida Everglades Dreadnoks base. Many die, including one who sacrifices himself to save Stalker from a H. I. S. S, several Greenshirts are featured in issue #4 of the Real American Hero series. They are part of a military force defending the White House from advancing Cobra forces. Many Greenshirts die in the battle, though Cobra suffers more losses and are forced to retreat, one Greenshirt in particular is featured in issue #9. When Storm Shadow infiltrates a Joe facility in an attempt to slay General Hawk, he takes a Greenshirt. The Greenshirt tells the other Joes to do what they have to do but is ordered to be silent, Storm Shadow literally throws him around, then uses his uniform as a double-distraction escape. General Hawk, Beachhead and the Greenshirt survive, five Greenshirts play a prominent role in the Devils Due G. I
17.
Sacrificial lamb
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A sacrificial lamb is a metaphorical reference to a person or animal sacrificed for the common good. The term is derived from the traditions of Abrahamic religion where a lamb is a valued possession. In politics, a sacrificial lamb candidate is a chosen to contest an election despite the fact that he or she has little chance of victory. The political party thus appoints the person as a sort of sacrifice to the stronger opponent, for instance, Alan Keyes or Geraldine A. Ferraro. In 2004, Howard Mills was considered a sacrificial lamb candidate for the U. S. Senate from New York against Chuck Schumer. Very often, the lamb is a family member, partner, or old buddy of the protagonist, with whom he or she has an assumed intimacy. The term is almost always used critically, with the implication that the character was used transparently as a plot device, an example of this in early literature is Macaria in Heracleidae by Euripides. A more modern example is Anthony Edwards character, Goose, in Top Gun, when escorting cattle across a river suspected of having piranhas, farmers will sometimes sacrifice a sick or injured cow downstream before letting the herd enter the water
18.
Redshirt Blues
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Redshirt Blues is a 2001 fan film that was made by fans of original Star Trek. It was written, directed and produced by David O. Rogers and it satirizes the use of redshirts on the television series as well as the show itself, its fans, and popular culture. The disillusioned and disgruntled redshirt Crewman Averson is stuck on patrol on a planet when he meets optimistic Crewman Leeds. Eventually, the two encounter an alien resembling a floating orb, while Averson hides, Leeds is stuck admiring its beauty and is killed. Averson tries to contact the Enterprise with his communicator, which he finds is broken and replaces it with that of Leeds, Redshirt Blues was first shown in the 2000 Boston Film Festival, which The Boston Phoenix reporter Mike Miliard reviewed as a great Star Trek parody. Entertainment Weekly reviews it as a riff on the hapless Starfleet crewmen whose uniforms invariably mark them for untimely deaths. Overall, Wook Kim rated the Exposure episode as B, official website Redshirt Blues at the Internet Movie Database Redshirt Blues on YouTube
19.
Redshirts (novel)
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Redshirts is a science fiction novel by John Scalzi. The book was published by Tor Books in June 2012, the audiobook of the novel is narrated by Wil Wheaton. The book won the 2013 Hugo Award for Best Novel and Locus Award for Best Science Fiction Novel. After several close calls, Dahl meets Jenkins, a member who offers a different theory, their reality. As the writers create the plot, their free will temporarily ceases in order to progress “the Narrative” of the show, the Ensigns kidnap a senior officer and proceed to travel to the past with the mission of convincing them to stop the show. Once there, they meet their actor doubles and realize that they are exact parallels, down to their scars, even their imagined backstories became integral events of the Ensigns’ lives. Because the producer’s son appeared on the show as an extra, one of the members is effectively his identical twin. Dahl and the Ensigns return to the future and live out the new revised plot created by the head writer, while saving the ship, Dahl sacrifices himself to save a senior officer for the sake of the narrative. The final vignette shows an actress, who played an extra on the show. She memorializes her lost “sister” on a beach and meets the writer of the show. The novel portrays the tropes of redshirt and black box, depicted by John Scalzi as the ingredients of weak scenarios. Forbes magazine praised the novel saying You don’t have to be a hardcore sci-fi fan to enjoy Redshirts, and the beauty of the book is that it works on multiple levels. If you’re looking for a breezy, fun read for the beach, if you want to go down a level and read it as a surreal meditation on character and genre like Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead, this is your book. The book is being developed into a TV limited series on FX
20.
International Standard Book Number
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The International Standard Book Number is a unique numeric commercial book identifier. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an e-book, a paperback and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, the method of assigning an ISBN is nation-based and varies from country to country, often depending on how large the publishing industry is within a country. The initial ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 based upon the 9-digit Standard Book Numbering created in 1966, the 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108. Occasionally, a book may appear without a printed ISBN if it is printed privately or the author does not follow the usual ISBN procedure, however, this can be rectified later. Another identifier, the International Standard Serial Number, identifies periodical publications such as magazines, the ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 in the United Kingdom by David Whitaker and in 1968 in the US by Emery Koltay. The 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108, the United Kingdom continued to use the 9-digit SBN code until 1974. The ISO on-line facility only refers back to 1978, an SBN may be converted to an ISBN by prefixing the digit 0. For example, the edition of Mr. J. G. Reeder Returns, published by Hodder in 1965, has SBN340013818 -340 indicating the publisher,01381 their serial number. This can be converted to ISBN 0-340-01381-8, the check digit does not need to be re-calculated, since 1 January 2007, ISBNs have contained 13 digits, a format that is compatible with Bookland European Article Number EAN-13s. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an ebook, a paperback, and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, a 13-digit ISBN can be separated into its parts, and when this is done it is customary to separate the parts with hyphens or spaces. Separating the parts of a 10-digit ISBN is also done with either hyphens or spaces, figuring out how to correctly separate a given ISBN number is complicated, because most of the parts do not use a fixed number of digits. ISBN issuance is country-specific, in that ISBNs are issued by the ISBN registration agency that is responsible for country or territory regardless of the publication language. Some ISBN registration agencies are based in national libraries or within ministries of culture, in other cases, the ISBN registration service is provided by organisations such as bibliographic data providers that are not government funded. In Canada, ISBNs are issued at no cost with the purpose of encouraging Canadian culture. In the United Kingdom, United States, and some countries, where the service is provided by non-government-funded organisations. Australia, ISBNs are issued by the library services agency Thorpe-Bowker
21.
Keith DeCandido
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DeCandido was born in the Bronx in New York City, the son of Robert L. DeCandido and GraceAnne Andreassi DeCandido. He claims to have been a Star Trek fan even before his birth, as his parents were fans of Star Trek, while attending Fordham University, DeCandido worked as an editor and writer of one of the college newspapers, called simply the paper. After graduation, DeCandido worked as editor at several publishing companies, along with John Drew, in the 1990s he co-produced a public-access television cable TV show in Manhattan about science fiction called The Chronic Rift, which he also co-hosted. Other worlds of DeCandidos own creation include the Bram Gold Chronicles, in 2009, DeCandido was named Grandmaster by the International Association of Media Tie-In Writers. Gorkon - A Good Day to Die, ISBN 0-7434-5714-5 I. K. S. K. S, -- collected in Alien Spotlight Volume 2, ISBN 1-60010-612-9, alongside Q, Romulans, Tribbles, and Cardassians. The Unhappy Ones in Seven Deadly Sins Captains Log, Jellico -- collected in Captains Log, ISBN 1-60010-887-3, alongside Sulu, Pike, the Klingon Art of War, ISBN 1-4767-5739-9 S. C. E. A. A. DeCandido, set in the universe as Dragon Precinct Seven-Mile Race in Without a License. DeCandido, a tale of Cassie Zukav, weirdness magnet Wild Bill Got Shot in Without a License, DeCandido Behold a White Tricycle in Without a License, The Fantastic Worlds of Keith R. A. DeCandido Back in El Paso My Life Will Be Worthless in The X-Files, DeCandido at the Comic Book DB Interview World of Warcraft, Cycle of Hatred/StarCraft Ghost, Nova pocketbooks Interview with Keith R. A. DeCandido, SpaceWesterns. com,2007 The Chronic Rifts Homepage Keith R. A. DeCandido at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database
22.
Ira Steven Behr
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He was the executive producer and showrunner on Crash and executive producer on Syfys Alphas. Behr is currently a writer and co-executive producer on Outlander, born to a Jewish family, Behr studied at Lehman College in New York City. After graduating, Behr moved to Los Angeles to pursue a screenwriting career, behrs first writing job was on the dramatic series Bret Maverick. Behr left The Next Generation after a year, but two later, he rejoined Star Trek as a supervising producer on the new series Star Trek. At the start of the season, Behr was promoted to co-executive producer. The following year, co-creator Michael Piller left to produce the next Star Trek series, Star Trek, Voyager and Behr replaced him as showrunner, as showrunner, Behr reported to head executive producer and franchise chief Rick Berman. Behr went on to write a total of 53 episodes of Deep Space Nine, as executive producer, Behr was largely responsible for the story arc of the show, from Bajoran politics to the Dominion War. This prolonged and complex story was a departure from the traditional Star Trek episodic format, Behr also had a significant role in the development of the Ferengi alien race during his work on Deep Space Nine. But it was not until Deep Space Nine, which included a Ferengi character in its regular cast, Behr was involved with most of the early Ferengi-related episodes, and introduced the concept of the Ferengi Rules of Acquisition and wrote most of the rules which appeared on the show. These rules were published as The Ferengi Rules of Acquisition. Along with fellow Deep Space Nine producer Robert Hewitt Wolfe, Behr also co-wrote Legends of the Ferengi, vegas In February 2009, Behr was named head writer for the Starz TV series Crash as it heads into Season 2, which aired in the fall of 2009. Lead actor Dennis Hopper died in May 2010 and the series did not continue, the programs lead actor is David Strathairn of Good Night, and Good Luck fame. Behr oversaw the remaining 10 episodes of the 11 episode first season order, since 2014 Behr has served as writer and co-executive producer on Outlander
23.
Star Trek
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Star Trek is an American science fiction media franchise based on the television series created by Gene Roddenberry. The first television series, simply called Star Trek and now referred to as The Original Series, debuted in 1966 and it followed the interstellar adventures of Captain James T. Kirk and his crew aboard the starship USS Enterprise, an exploration vessel. The Star Trek canon of the franchise include The Original Series, a series, four spin-off television series, its film franchise. In creating Star Trek, Roddenberry was inspired by the Horatio Hornblower novels, the satirical book Gullivers Travels and these adventures continued in the short-lived Star Trek, The Animated Series and six feature films. The adventures of The Next Generation crew continued in four feature films. In 2009, the franchise underwent a reboot set in an alternate timeline, or Kelvin Timeline. This film featured a new cast portraying younger versions of the crew from the show, their adventures were continued in the sequel film. The thirteenth film feature and sequel, Star Trek Beyond, was released to coincide with the franchises 50th anniversary, a new Star Trek TV series, titled Star Trek, Discovery, will premiere in May 2017 on the digital platform CBS All Access. Star Trek has been a phenomenon for decades. Fans of the franchise are called Trekkies or Trekkers, the franchise spans a wide range of spin-offs including games, figurines, novels, toys, and comics. Star Trek had an attraction in Las Vegas that opened in 1998. At least two museum exhibits of props travel the world, the series has its own full-fledged constructed language, Klingon. Several parodies have been made of Star Trek, in addition, viewers have produced several fan productions. As of July 2016, the franchise had generated $10 billion in revenue, Star Trek is noted for its cultural influence beyond works of science fiction. The franchise is also noted for its civil rights stances. The Original Series included one of televisions first multiracial casts, Star Trek references can be found throughout popular culture from movies such as the submarine thriller Crimson Tide to the animated series South Park. As early as 1964, Gene Roddenberry drafted a proposal for the series that would become Star Trek
24.
Wiki
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A wiki is a website that provides collaborative modification of its content and structure directly from the web browser. In a typical wiki, text is written using a markup language. A wiki is run using wiki software, otherwise known as a wiki engine, there are dozens of different wiki engines in use, both standalone and part of other software, such as bug tracking systems. Some wiki engines are open source, whereas others are proprietary, some permit control over different functions, for example, editing rights may permit changing, adding or removing material. Others may permit access without enforcing access control, other rules may also be imposed to organize content. Wikipedia is not a wiki but rather a collection of hundreds of wikis. There are at least tens of thousands of other wikis in use, both public and private, including functioning as knowledge management resources, notetaking tools, community websites. The English-language Wikipedia has the largest collection of articles, as of September 2016, ward Cunningham, the developer of the first wiki software, WikiWikiWeb, originally described it as the simplest online database that could possibly work. Wiki is a Hawaiian word meaning quick, Wiki promotes meaningful topic associations between different pages by making page link creation intuitively easy and showing whether an intended target page exists or not. A wiki is not a carefully crafted site created by experts and professional writers, instead, it seeks to involve the typical visitor/user in an ongoing process of creation and collaboration that constantly changes the website landscape. A wiki enables communities of editors and contributors to write documents collaboratively, all that people require to contribute is a computer, Internet access, a web browser and a basic understanding of a simple markup language. A single page in a website is referred to as a wiki page, while the entire collection of pages. A wiki is essentially a database for creating, browsing, a wiki allows non-linear, evolving, complex and networked text, while also allowing for editor argument, debate and interaction regarding the content and formatting. A defining characteristic of wiki technology is the ease with which pages can be created and updated, generally, there is no review by a moderator or gatekeeper before modifications are accepted and thus lead to changes on the website. Many wikis are open to alteration by the public without requiring registration of user accounts. Many edits can be made in real-time and appear almost instantly online, however, this feature facilitates abuse of the system. Private wiki servers require user authentication to edit pages, and sometimes even to read them, maged N. Kamel Boulos, Cito Maramba and Steve Wheeler write that the open wikis produce a process of Social Darwinism. Unfit sentences and sections are ruthlessly culled, edited and replaced if they are not considered fit, while such openness may invite vandalism and the posting of untrue information, this same openness also makes it possible to rapidly correct or restore a quality wiki page
25.
Hero
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The concept of the hero was first founded in classical literature. It is the main or revered character in heroic epic poetry celebrated through ancient legends of a people, often striving for military conquest and living by a continually flawed personal honor code. The definition of a hero has changed throughout time, and the Merriam Webster dictionary defines a hero as a person who is admired for great or brave acts or fine qualities. The word hero comes from the Greek ἥρως, hero, warrior, before the decipherment of Linear B the original form of the word was assumed to be *ἥρωϝ-, hērōw-, R. S. P. Beekes has proposed a Pre-Greek origin. According to the American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, the Indo-European root is *ser meaning to protect, according to Eric Partridge in Origins, the Greek word Hērōs is akin to the Latin seruāre, meaning to safeguard. Partridge concludes, The basic sense of both Hera and hero would therefore be protector, the word hero is used in English to refer either explicitly to male heroes or as a gender neutral form. The use of the male form hero as a gender neutral substantive is a modern advent, see also Gender neutrality in English. A classical hero is considered to be a warrior who lives and dies in the pursuit of honor, each classical heros life focuses on fighting, which occurs in war or during an epic quest. Classical heroes are commonly semi-divine and extraordinarily gifted, like Achilles, or, alternatively, are like Beowulf, evolving into heroic characters through their perilous circumstances. While these heroes are incredibly resourceful and skilled, they are often foolhardy, court disaster, risk their followers lives for trivial matters, during classical times, people regarded heroes with the highest esteem and utmost importance, explaining their prominence within epic literature. Hector was a Trojan prince and the greatest fighter for Troy in the Trojan War, Hector acted as leader of the Trojans and their allies in the defense of Troy, killing 31,000 Greek fighters, offers Hyginus. Hector was known not only for his courage but also for his noble, indeed, Homer places Hector as peace-loving, thoughtful as well as bold, a good son, husband and father, and without darker motives. However, his familial values conflict greatly with his aspirations in The Iliad. Hector is ultimately betrayed by the gods when Athena appears disguised as his ally Deiphobus and convinces him to take on Achilles, Achilles was a Greek Hero who was considered the most formidable military fighter in the entire Trojan War and the central character of The Iliad. He was the child of Thetis and Peleus, making him a demi-god and he wielded superhuman strength on the battlefield and was blessed with a close relationship to the Gods. Achilles famously refuses to fight after his dishonoring at the hands of Agamemnon, Achilles was known for uncontrollable rage that defined many of his bloodthirsty actions, such as defiling Hectors corpse by dragging it around the city of Troy. Achilles plays a role in The Iliad brought about by constant de-humanization throughout the epic. Heroes in myth often had close but conflicted relationships with the gods, thus Heracless name means the glory of Hera, even though he was tormented all his life by Hera, the Queen of the Gods
26.
Action hero
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The archetypal action hero or heroine is the protagonist of an action film or other entertainment which portrays action and adventure. Other media in which such heroes appear include swashbuckler films, Westerns on television, old-time radio, adventure novels, dime novels, pulp magazines, anandalok Best Action Hero Award Osgerby, Bill, Anna Gough-Yates, and Marianne Wells. Action TV, Tough-Guys, Smooth Operators and Foxy Chicks, female action heroes photo gallery - The Boston Globe The Lost Action Hero - The Washington Post
27.
Superhero
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A female superhero is sometimes called a superheroine. Fiction centered on characters, especially in American comic books since the 1930s, is known as superhero fiction. By most definitions, characters do not require actual supernatural or superhuman powers or phenomena to be deemed superheroes, some superheroes use their powers to counter daily crime while also combating threats against humanity from supervillains, who are their criminal counterparts. Often at least one of these supervillains will be the superheros archenemy, some long-running superheroes such as Iron Man, Captain America, Superman, Wonder Woman, Batman, and Spider-Man have a rogues gallery of many villains. The word superhero dates to at least 1917, antecedents of the archetype include such folkloric heroes as Robin Hood, who adventured in distinctive clothing. The 1903 play The Scarlet Pimpernel and its spinoffs popularized the idea of a masked avenger, during the 1940s there were many superheroes, and only a few of these were female. The Flash, Green Lantern and Blue Beetle debuted in this era, most of the other female costumed crime-fighters during this era lacked superpowers. The most iconic comic book superheroine, who debuted during the Golden Age, is Wonder Woman, inspired by the Amazons of Greek mythology, she was created by psychologist William Moulton Marston, with help and inspiration from his wife Elizabeth and their mutual lover Olive Byrne. Wonder Womans first appearance was in All Star Comics #8, published by All-American Publications, in 1952, Osamu Tezukas manga Tetsuwan Atom was published. The series focused upon a robot boy built by a scientist to replace his deceased son, the 1950s saw the Silver Age of Comics. During this era DC introduced the likes of Batwoman in 1956, Supergirl, Miss Arrowette,1958 saw the debut of superhero Moonlight Mask on Japanese television. In 1963, Astro Boy was adapted into a highly influential anime television series, Phantom Agents in 1964 focused on ninjas working for the Japanese government and would be the foundation for Sentai-type series. Another important event was the debut of Mazinger Z by Go Nagai, Go Nagai also wrote the manga Cutey Honey in 1973, although the Magical Girl genre already existed, Nagais manga introduced Transformation sequences that would become a staple of Magical Girl media. The dark Skull Man manga would later get a television adaptation, the protagonist was redesigned resemble a grasshopper, becoming the renowned first masked hero of the Kamen Rider series. Kamen Rider is a motorcycle riding hero in an insect-like costume, both major publishers began introducing new superheroines with a more distinct feminist theme as part of their origin stories or character development. Examples include Big Barda, Power Girl, and the Huntress by DC comics, and from Marvel, the second Black Widow, Shanna the She-Devil, and The Cat. In 1975 Shotaro Ishinomoris Himitsu Sentai Gorenger debuted on what is now TV Asahi, it brought the concepts of multi-colored teams, in 1978, Toei adapted Spider-Man into a live-action series. In subsequent decades, popular characters like Dazzler, She-Hulk, Elektra, Catwoman, Witchblade, Spider-Girl, Batgirl, volume 4 of the X-Men comic book series featured an all-female team as part of the Marvel NOW. branding initiative in 2013
28.
Byronic hero
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The Byronic hero is a variant of the Romantic hero as a type of character, named after the English Romantic poet Lord Byron. Although there are traits and characteristics that exemplify the type, both Byrons own persona as well as characters from his writings are considered to provide defining features, the Byronic hero first appears in Byrons semi-autobiographical epic narrative poem Childe Harolds Pilgrimage. The actual circumstances of his death from disease in Greece were unglamourous in the extreme, in his period as the talk of London, Byron was characterized by Lady Caroline Lamb, later a lover of his, as being mad, bad, and dangerous to know. Admiration of Byron continued to be fervent in the following his death. Notable fans included Alfred Lord Tennyson and he was fourteen at the time of Byrons death, and so grieved at the poets passing he carved the words Byron is dead on a rock near his home in Somerby, declaring the world had darkened for him. However, the admiration of Byron as a character led some fans to emulate characteristics of the Byronic hero, foremost was Wilfrid Scawen Blunt, who took the Byron cult to remarkable extremes. Byrons influence is manifest in many authors and artists of the Romantic movement, Lord Byron was the model for the title character of Glenarvon by Byrons erstwhile lover Lady Caroline Lamb, and for Lord Ruthven in The Vampyre by Byrons personal physician, Polidori. In later Victorian literature, the Byronic character only seemed to survive as a solitary figure, however, Dickens representation of the character is more complex than that. Steerforth in David Copperfield manifests the concept of the fallen angel aspect of the Byronic hero, his violent temper and seduction of Emily should turn the reader and he still retains a fascination, as David admits in the aftermath of discovering what Steerforth has done to Emily. He may have done wrong, but David cannot bring himself to hate him, steerforths occasional outbreaks of remorse reveal a tortured character, echoing a Byronic remorse. Harvey concludes that Steerforth is a blend of both villain and hero, and exploration of both sides of the Byronic character. Scholars have also drawn parallels between the Byronic hero and the solipsist heroes of Russian literature, the first stages of Pushkins poetic novel Eugene Onegin appeared twelve years after Byrons Childe Harolds Pilgrimage, and Byron was of obvious influence. The Byronic hero is also featured in contemporary novels. Dark and brooding in expression, of a cold and cynical veneer, above all enigmatic, there are also suggestions of the potential of a Byronic heroine in Byron’s works. Charles J. Clancy claims that Aurora Raby in Don Juan possesses many of the typical of a Byronic hero. Described as “silent, lone” in the poem, her life has indeed been an isolated one - she has been orphaned from birth and she validates Thorslev’s assertion that Byronic heroes are “invariably solitaries”. Yet, like her counterpart, she evokes an interest from those around her. Again, this is not dissimilar to the description of the fascination that Byron himself encountered wherever he went and her apparent mournful nature is also reminiscent of the regretful mien of the Byronic hero
29.
Folk hero
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This presence in the popular consciousness is evidenced by its historical frequency in folk songs, folk tales and other folklore, and its modern trope status in literature, art and films. Although some folk heroes are historical figures, many are not. The lives of heroes are generally fictional, their characteristics. One major category of folk hero is the defender of the people against the oppression or corruption of the established power structure. Members of this category of folk hero often, but not necessarily, robbed dozens of banks, escaped from jail multiple times. Before being boiled in oil, he saved his infant son at the cost of his own life, jack Mary Ann – a folk hero from the Wrexham area of north Wales whose fictionalised exploits continue to circulate in local folklore. James Morrow Walsh - Canada, a mountie who turned Sitting Bull, burned as a heretic she became a martyr, folk hero, and eventually a saint. She is now one of the saints of France. Miyamoto Musashi – Japan, a swordsman, soldier, philosopher and author Miloš Obilić – Serbia. Redmond OHanlon – Irish, rapparee of the 17th century Pemulwuy - Australia, sarutobi Sasuke – Japan, incredibly acrobatic spy said to have been raised by monkeys and trained in the Ninja heartland of Iga and Koga provinces during the golden age of the Ninja. Preventing bloodshed between the First Nation peoples and the peoples of Canada. Cúchulainn - Ireland, folk legend and the pre-eminent hero of Ulaid in the Ulster Cycle Fionn mac Cumhaill - Ireland, warrior, primary figure in the Oisin cycle. Homer - Credited author of The Iliad and The Odyssey, el Santo - Real life Mexican wrestler, with heavy fictionalised adventures in movies and comic books Culture hero Seal, Graham
