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History
Reforms of Russian orthography
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Russian orthography has been reformed officially and unofficially by changing the Russian alphabet over the course of the history of the Russian language. Several important reforms happened in the 18th–20th centuries.
In early Russian typewriters like this one, there was no key for the digit 1, so the dotted І was used instead. Following the Russian alphabet reform
In early Russian typewriters like this one, there was no key for the digit 1, so the dotted І was used instead. Following the Russian alphabet reform of 1918, a 1 key was added.
A blackboard with handwritten pre-revolutionary Russian
A blackboard with handwritten pre-revolutionary Russian
An old typewriter with the 'banned letters' removed
An old typewriter with the 'banned letters' removed
Early Soviet documents frequently mixed pre- and post-Revolution spelling
Early Soviet documents frequently mixed pre- and post-Revolution spelling
Russian alphabet
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The Russian alphabet is the script used to write the Russian language. It comes from the Cyrillic script, which was devised in the 9th century for the first Slavic literary language, Old Slavonic. Initially an old variant of the Bulgarian alphabet, it became used in the Kievan Rusʹ since the 10th century to write what would become the modern Russian language.
Historical evolution of the Russian Cyrillic alphabet, until the 19th century
Historical evolution of the Russian Cyrillic alphabet, until the 19th century
(Motti, 1890)
(Motti, 1890)