Russian orthography has been reformed officially and unofficially by changing the Russian alphabet and spelling rules over the course of the history of the Russian language. Several important reforms
In early Russian typewriters like this one, there was no key for the digit 1, so the dotted І was used instead. Following the Russian alphabet reform of 1918, a 1 key was added.
A blackboard with handwritten pre-revolutionary Russian
An old typewriter with the 'banned letters' removed
Early Soviet documents frequently mixed pre- and post-Revolution spelling
Cyrillic numerals
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Cyrillic numerals are a numeral system derived from the Cyrillic script, developed in the First Bulgarian Empire in the late 10th century. It was used in the First Bulgarian Empire and by South and Ea
Reforms of Russian orthography
…of several letters (Ѯ, Ѱ, Ѡ) and all diacritics and accents (with the exception of й) from secular usage and the use of Arabic numerals instead of Cyrillic numerals there appeared for the first time a visual distinction between Russian and Church Slavonic writing. With the strength of the historic tradition…
Tower clock with Cyrillic numerals at the Saint Jovan Bigorski Monastery, North Macedonia