1.
Rock music
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It has its roots in 1940s and 1950s rock and roll, itself heavily influenced by blues, rhythm and blues and country music. Rock music also drew strongly on a number of genres such as electric blues and folk. Musically, rock has centered on the guitar, usually as part of a rock group with electric bass guitar. Typically, rock is song-based music usually with a 4/4 time signature using a verse-chorus form, like pop music, lyrics often stress romantic love but also address a wide variety of other themes that are frequently social or political in emphasis. Punk was an influence into the 1980s on the subsequent development of subgenres, including new wave, post-punk. From the 1990s alternative rock began to rock music and break through into the mainstream in the form of grunge, Britpop. Similarly, 1970s punk culture spawned the visually distinctive goth and emo subcultures and this trio of instruments has often been complemented by the inclusion of other instruments, particularly keyboards such as the piano, Hammond organ and synthesizers. The basic rock instrumentation was adapted from the blues band instrumentation. A group of musicians performing rock music is termed a rock band or rock group, Rock music is traditionally built on a foundation of simple unsyncopated rhythms in a 4/4 meter, with a repetitive snare drum back beat on beats two and four. Melodies are often derived from older musical modes, including the Dorian and Mixolydian, harmonies range from the common triad to parallel fourths and fifths and dissonant harmonic progressions. Critics have stressed the eclecticism and stylistic diversity of rock, because of its complex history and tendency to borrow from other musical and cultural forms, it has been argued that it is impossible to bind rock music to a rigidly delineated musical definition. These themes were inherited from a variety of sources, including the Tin Pan Alley pop tradition, folk music and rhythm, as a result, it has been seen as articulating the concerns of this group in both style and lyrics. Christgau, writing in 1972, said in spite of some exceptions, rock and roll usually implies an identification of male sexuality, according to Simon Frith rock was something more than pop, something more than rock and roll. Rock musicians combined an emphasis on skill and technique with the concept of art as artistic expression, original. The foundations of music are in rock and roll, which originated in the United States during the late 1940s and early 1950s. Its immediate origins lay in a melding of various musical genres of the time, including rhythm and blues and gospel music, with country. In 1951, Cleveland, Ohio disc jockey Alan Freed began playing rhythm and blues music for a multi-racial audience, debate surrounds which record should be considered the first rock and roll record. Other artists with rock and roll hits included Chuck Berry, Bo Diddley, Fats Domino, Little Richard, Jerry Lee Lewis
2.
Houston
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Houston is the most populous city in the state of Texas and the fourth-most populous city in the United States. With a census-estimated 2014 population of 2.239 million within an area of 667 square miles, it also is the largest city in the southern United States and the seat of Harris County. Located in Southeast Texas near the Gulf of Mexico, it is the city of Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land. Houston was founded on August 28,1836, near the banks of Buffalo Bayou and incorporated as a city on June 5,1837. The city was named after former General Sam Houston, who was president of the Republic of Texas and had commanded, the burgeoning port and railroad industry, combined with oil discovery in 1901, has induced continual surges in the citys population. Houstons economy has an industrial base in energy, manufacturing, aeronautics. Leading in health care sectors and building equipment, Houston has more Fortune 500 headquarters within its city limits than any city except for New York City. The Port of Houston ranks first in the United States in international waterborne tonnage handled, the city has a population from various ethnic and religious backgrounds and a large and growing international community. Houston is the most diverse city in Texas and has described as the most diverse in the United States. It is home to cultural institutions and exhibits, which attract more than 7 million visitors a year to the Museum District. Houston has a visual and performing arts scene in the Theater District. In August 1836, two real estate entrepreneurs from New York, Augustus Chapman Allen and John Kirby Allen, purchased 6,642 acres of land along Buffalo Bayou with the intent of founding a city. The Allen brothers decided to name the city after Sam Houston, the general at the Battle of San Jacinto. The great majority of slaves in Texas came with their owners from the slave states. Sizable numbers, however, came through the slave trade. New Orleans was the center of trade in the Deep South. Thousands of enslaved African Americans lived near the city before the Civil War, many of them near the city worked on sugar and cotton plantations, while most of those in the city limits had domestic and artisan jobs. Houston was granted incorporation on June 5,1837, with James S. Holman becoming its first mayor, in the same year, Houston became the county seat of Harrisburg County and the temporary capital of the Republic of Texas
3.
Jean-Michel Jarre
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Jean-Michel Jarre is a French composer, performer, and record producer. He is a pioneer in the electronic, ambient, and new-age genres, and known as an organiser of outdoor spectacles of his music featuring lights, laser displays, Jarre was raised in Lyon by his mother and grandparents, and trained on the piano. From an early age, he was introduced to a variety of art forms, including those of street performers, jazz musicians, and the artist Pierre Soulages. He played guitar in a band, but his style was perhaps most heavily influenced by Pierre Schaeffer. His first mainstream success was the 1976 album Oxygène, recorded in a makeshift studio at his home, the album sold an estimated 12 million copies. More albums were to follow, but his 1979 concert served as a blueprint for his performances around the world. Several of his albums have been released to coincide with large-scale outdoor events, as of 2004, Jarre had sold an estimated 80 million albums. He was the first Western musician officially invited to perform in the Peoples Republic of China, Jean-Michel Jarre was born in Lyon on 24 August 1948, to France Pejot, a French Resistance member and concentration camp survivor, and composer Maurice Jarre. When Jarre was five, his parents split up and his moved to America. He did not see his father again until reaching the age of 18, for the first eight years of his life, Jarre spent six months each year at his maternal grandparents flat on the Cours de Verdun, in the Perrache district of Lyon. Jarres grandfather was a player, engineer and inventor, designing an early audio mixer used at Radio Lyon. He also gave Jean-Michel his first record player, from his vantage point high above the pavement, the young French boy was able to watch street performers at work, an experience he later cited as proving influential on his art. Jarre struggled with classical studies, although he later changed teachers. A more general interest in musical instruments was sparked by his discovery at the Saint-Ouen flea market and these early jazz experiences suggested to him that music may be descriptive, without lyrics. He was also influenced by the work of French artist Pierre Soulages, Soulages paintings used multiple textured layers, and Jarre realised that for the first time in music, you could act as a painter with frequencies and sounds. I also saw the last concert by the great Arabic singer Om Khalsoum and she is the goddess, the Maria Callas of the Orient. Then I heard Georgia on My Mind by Ray Charles, and I realised that music can talk to your tummy, I was so impressed by the organic sensuality coming from Ray Charless music – there was no intellectual process and it was great. As a young man Jarre earned money by selling his paintings, exhibiting some of his works at the Lyon Gallery – LŒil écoute, and by playing in a band called Mystère IV
4.
Downtown Houston
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Downtown Houston is Houstons central business district, containing the headquarters of many prominent companies. There is a network of pedestrian tunnels and skywalks connecting the buildings of the district. The tunnel system is home to restaurants, shops and services. What is now Downtown made up almost all of the City of Houston until expansions of the city limits in the early 20th century, Downtown Houston was the original founding point of the city. After the Texas Revolution, two New York real estate promoters, John Kirby Allen and Augustus Chapman Allen, purchased 6,642 acres of land from Thomas F. L, parrot and his wife, Elizabeth, for $9,428. The Allen brothers first landed in the area where the White Oak Bayou and Buffalo Bayou meet, gail Borden, Jr. a city planner, laid out wide streets for the town. The city was granted incorporation by the Texas legislature on June 5,1837, Houston was the temporary capital of Texas. In 1840, the town was divided into four wards, each with different functions in the community, by 1906 what is now Downtown was divided among six wards. The wards are no longer political divisions, but their names are used to refer to certain areas. Houston became a choice, as only the most powerful storms were able to reach the city. The second came a year later with the 1901 discovery of oil at spindletop, shipping and oil industries began flocking to east Texas, many settling in Houston. From that point forward the area grew substantially, as many skyscrapers were constructed, in the 1980s, however, economic recession canceled some projects and caused others to be scaled back, such as the Bank of the Southwest Tower. Ralph Bivins of the Houston Chronicle wrote that Fox said that area was a neighborhood of Victorian-era homes. Bivins said that the construction of Union Station, which occurred around 1910, hotels opened in the area to service travelers. Afterwards, according to Bivins, the area began a downward slide toward the skid row of the 1990s. Passenger trains stopped going to Union Station in 1974, the construction of Interstate 45 in the 1950s separated portions of the historic Third Ward from the rest of the Third Ward and brought those portions into Downtown. Beginning in the 1960s the development of the 610 Loop caused the focus of the Houston area to move away from Downtown Houston, in the mid-1980s, the bank savings and loan crisis forced many tenants in Downtown Houston buildings to retrench, and some tenants went out of business. Barna said that this development further caused Downtown Houston to decline, the Gulf Hotel fire occurred in 1943
5.
Rendez-Vous (Jean-Michel Jarre album)
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Rendez-vous is the eighth studio album by electronic musician and composer Jean-Michel Jarre released on Disques Dreyfus, licensed to Polydor, in April 1986. It sold some three million worldwide and remains Jarres longest-running chart album in both the U. S. and UK, with a 20-week run in the U. S. The album art of the album was created by long-time collaborator Michel Granger, the track was dedicated to McNair and the other astronauts on board Challenger. On the album the saxophone part is played by saxophonist Pierre Gossez, the album reached #9 in the UK charts and #52 in the U. S. charts. The album was nominated for Grammy Award for Best New Age Album in 1987, in April 1986, Jarre performed the large-scale outdoor concert Rendez-vous Houston in Houston, Texas, celebrating the 150th anniversary of the founding of Texas. The show attracted a then-world-record live audience of 1.3 million people, the concert was originally to have included a video projection of Ron McNairs performance, recorded in space. Jean-Michel returned to the stage in October for another concert, the Rendez-Vous Lyon, early editions of the album from 1986 had the tracks for Second and Fifth Rendez-Vous split up into separate parts, and slightly different timings for Fourth and Last Rendez-Vous
6.
Guinness World Records
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The book itself holds a world record, as the best-selling copyrighted book of all time. As of the 2017 edition, it is now in its 63rd year of publication, the international franchise has extended beyond print to include television series and museums. On 10 November 1951, Sir Hugh Beaver, then the director of the Guinness Breweries, went on a shooting party in the North Slob, by the River Slaney in County Wexford. After missing a shot at a golden plover, he involved in an argument over which was the fastest game bird in Europe. That evening at Castlebridge House, he realised that it was impossible to confirm in reference books whether or not the golden plover was Europes fastest game bird. Beaver knew that there must be numerous other questions debated nightly in pubs throughout Ireland and abroad and he realised then that a book supplying the answers to this sort of question might prove successful. Beavers idea became reality when Guinness employee Christopher Chataway recommended University friends Norris and Ross McWhirter, the twin brothers were commissioned to compile what became The Guinness Book of Records in August 1954. A thousand copies were printed and given away, after the founding of The Guinness Book of Records at 107 Fleet Street, the first 198-page edition was bound on 27 August 1955 and went to the top of the British best seller lists by Christmas. The following year, it launched in the US, and sold 70,000 copies, since then, Guinness World Records has become a household name and the global leader in world records. Because the book became a hit, many further editions were printed, eventually settling into a pattern of one revision a year, published in September/October. The McWhirters continued to compile it for many years, Ross McWhirter was assassinated by the Provisional Irish Republican Army in 1975. Following Ross assassination, the feature in the show where questions about records posed by children were answered was called Norris on the Spot, Guinness Superlatives Limited was formed in 1954 to publish the first book. Sterling Publishing owned the rights to the Guinness book in the US for decades, and, under their management, the group was owned by Guinness PLC and subsequently Diageo until 2001, when it was purchased by Gullane Entertainment. Gullane was itself purchased by HIT Entertainment in 2002, with offices in New York City and Tokyo, Guinness World Records global headquarters remain in London, while its museum attractions are based at Ripley headquarters in Orlando, Florida, US. Recent editions have focused on record feats by person competitors, many records also relate to the youngest person who achieved something, such as the youngest person to visit all nations of the world, being Maurizio Giuliano. Each edition contains a selection of the records from the Guinness database, as well as new records. The majority of records are no longer listed in the book or on the website. For those unable to wait the 4–6 weeks for a reply, the Guinness Book of Records is the worlds most sold copyrighted book, earning it an entry within its own pages
7.
Space Shuttle Challenger disaster
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The spacecraft disintegrated over the Atlantic Ocean, off the coast of Cape Canaveral, Florida, at 11,39 EST. Disintegration of the vehicle began after an O-ring seal in its solid rocket booster failed at liftoff. The O-ring was not designed to fly under unusually cold conditions as in this launch and this led to the separation of the right-hand SRBs aft field joint attachment and the structural failure of the external tank. Aerodynamic forces broke up the orbiter, the crew compartment and many other vehicle fragments were eventually recovered from the ocean floor after a lengthy search and recovery operation. The exact timing of the death of the crew is unknown, the shuttle had no escape system, and the impact of the crew compartment with the ocean surface was too violent to be survivable. The Rogers Commission found NASAs organizational culture and decision-making processes had been key contributing factors to the accident, NASA managers had known since 1977 that contractor Morton Thiokols design of the SRBs contained a potentially catastrophic flaw in the O-rings, but they had failed to address this problem properly. Approximately 17 percent of Americans witnessed the launch live because of the presence of Payload Specialist Christa McAuliffe, media coverage of the accident was extensive, one study reported that 85 percent of Americans surveyed had heard the news within an hour of the accident. The Challenger disaster has been used as a study in many discussions of engineering safety. Each of the Space Shuttles two Solid Rocket Boosters was constructed of seven sections, six of which were joined in pairs at the factory. For each flight, the four resulting segments were then assembled in the Vehicle Assembly Building at Kennedy Space Center, the factory joints were sealed with asbestos-silica insulation applied over the joint, while each field joint was sealed with two rubber O-rings. During the Space Shuttle design process, a McDonnell Douglas report in September 1971 discussed the safety record of solid rockets, while a safe abort was possible after most types of failures, one was especially dangerous, a burnthrough by hot gases of the rockets casing. The report stated that if burnthrough occurs adjacent to tank or orbiter, timely sensing may not be feasible and abort not possible, Morton Thiokol was the contractor responsible for the construction and maintenance of the shuttles SRBs. This phenomenon, known as joint rotation, caused a drop in air pressure. This made it possible for combustion gases to erode the O-rings, in the event of widespread erosion, a flame path could develop, causing the joint to burst—which would have destroyed the booster and the shuttle. Evidence of serious O-ring erosion was present as early as the space shuttle mission, STS-2. Contrary to NASA regulations, the Marshall Center did not report this problem to senior management at NASA, by 1985, Marshall and Thiokol realized that they had a potentially catastrophic problem on their hands. They began the process of redesigning the joint with three inches of steel around the tang. This tang would grip the inner face of the joint and prevent it from rotating and they did not call for a halt to shuttle flights until the joints could be redesigned, but rather treated the problem as an acceptable flight risk
8.
Ronald McNair
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Ronald Erwin McNair was an American physicist and NASA astronaut. McNair died during the launch of the Space Shuttle Challenger on mission STS-51-L and he is survived by his wife Cheryl and two children. Born October 21,1950, in Lake City, South Carolina, his parents were Pearl M. and he had two brothers, Carl S. and Eric A. McNair. In the summer of 1959, he refused to leave the segregated Lake City Public Library without being allowed to check out his books, after the police and his mother were called, he was allowed to borrow books from the library, which is now named after him. A childrens book, Rons Big Mission, offers an account of this event. McNair graduated as valedictorian of Carver High School in 1967, in 1971, he received a Bachelor of Science degree in Engineering Physics, magna cum laude, from North Carolina A&T State University in Greensboro, North Carolina. McNair was a member of Omega Psi Phi Fraternity and he received three honorary doctorates, a score of fellowships and commendations and achieved a black belt in karate. After graduation from MIT, he became a staff physicist at the Hughes Research Lab in Malibu, McNair was a member of the Baháí Faith. In 1978, McNair was selected as one of applicants from a pool of ten thousand for the NASA astronaut program. He flew on STS-41-B aboard Challenger from 3–11 February 1984, as a mission specialist becoming the second African American, before his last fateful space mission he had worked with the composer Jean Michel Jarre on a piece of music for Jarres then-upcoming album Rendez-Vous. It was intended that he would record his solo on board the Challenger. However, the recording was never made as the flight ended in disaster, the last of the Rendez-Vous pieces, had the additional name Rons Piece. Ron McNair was supposed to take part in the concert through a live feed, McNair was posthumously awarded the Congressional Space Medal of Honor in 2004, along with all crew members lost in the Challenger and Columbia accidents. A variety of places, people and programs have been renamed in honor of McNair. The crater McNair on the Moon is named in his honor, the McNair Building at MIT, his alma mater, houses the Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research. High was renamed the R. McNair Jr, Ronald McNair Boulevard in Lake City, South Carolina, is named in his honor and lies near other streets named for astronauts who perished in the Challenger crash. On January 29,2011, the Lake City, South Carolina, when Ronald McNair was nine, the police and his mother were called because he wished to check out books from this library, which served only white patrons before he arrived. He said, Ill wait, to the lady and sat on the counter until the police and his mother arrived, which the lady behind the counter reluctantly did
9.
Saxophone
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The saxophone is a family of woodwind instruments. Saxophones are usually made of brass and played with a single-reed mouthpiece similar to that of the clarinet, the saxophone family was invented by the Belgian instrument maker Adolphe Sax in 1840. He patented the saxophone on June 28,1846, in two groups of seven instruments each, each series consisted of instruments of various sizes in alternating transposition. The series pitched in B♭ and E♭, designed for bands, have proved extremely popular. The saxophone is used in music, military bands, marching bands. The saxophone was developed in 1846 by Adolphe Sax, a Belgian instrument maker, flautist, born in Dinant and originally based in Brussels, he moved to Paris in 1842 to establish his musical instrument business. Prior to his work on the saxophone, he had several improvements to the bass clarinet by improving its keywork and acoustics. Sax was also a maker of the ophicleide, a large conical brass instrument in the bass register with keys similar to a woodwind instrument. His experience with two instruments allowed him to develop the skills and technologies needed to make the first saxophones. As an outgrowth of his work improving the bass clarinet, Sax began developing an instrument with the projection of a brass instrument and he wanted it to overblow at the octave, unlike the clarinet, which rises in pitch by a twelfth when overblown. An instrument that overblows at the octave has identical fingering for both registers, Sax created an instrument with a single-reed mouthpiece like a clarinet, conical brass body like an ophicleide, and some acoustic properties of both the horn and the clarinet. Having constructed saxophones in several sizes in the early 1840s, Sax applied for, and received, the patent encompassed 14 versions of the fundamental design, split into two categories of seven instruments each, and ranging from sopranino to contrabass. Although the instruments transposed at either F or C have been considered orchestral, the C soprano saxophone was the only instrument to sound at concert pitch. Saxs patent expired in 1866, thereafter, numerous saxophonists and instrument manufacturers implemented their own improvements to the design, the first substantial modification was by a French manufacturer who extended the bell slightly and added an extra key to extend the range downwards by one semitone to B♭. It is suspected that Sax himself may have attempted this modification and this extension is now commonplace in almost all modern designs, along with other minor changes such as added keys for alternate fingerings. Using alternate fingerings allows a player to play faster and more easily, a player may also use alternate fingerings to bend the pitch. Some of the alternate fingerings are good for trilling, scales, a substantial advancement in saxophone keywork was the development of a method by which the left thumb operates both tone holes with a single octave key, which is now universal on modern saxophones. This enables a chromatic scale to be played two octaves simply by playing the diatonic scale combined with alternately raising and lowering this one digit
10.
Kirk Whalum
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Kirk Whalum is an American smooth jazz saxophonist and songwriter. He toured with Whitney Houston for more than seven years and soloed in her single I Will Always Love You, the best-selling single by a female artist in music history. He was also featured on many Luther Vandross albums, most often playing on the covers of older pop and R&B standards like Anyone Who Had a Heart, I. Whalum has recorded a series of well received albums and film soundtracks. Kirk’s musical accomplishments have brought him a total of 12 Grammy nominations and he won his first Grammy award in 2011 for Best Gospel Song alongside lifelong friend and gifted writer, Jerry Peters. Kirk Whalum was born in Memphis, Tennessee and he attended Melrose High School and Texas Southern University where he was a member of the World Famous Ocean of Soul Marching Band. He told John H. Johnsons magazine Ebony Man in a 1994 profile, The music I like to play and write encompasses the four elements I grew up with, Memphis R&B, gospel, rock, the emphasis, though, is on melody, period. In 1986, he performed at Jean Michel Jarres giant concerts Rendez-Vous Houston, Whalum has worked on a number of film scores, including those for The Prince of Tides, Boyz n the Hood, The Bodyguard, Grand Canyon, and Cousins. In 2005 Whalum recorded the Babyface Songbook with R&B icon Babyfaces best songs of the past 15 years, including Exhale, Ill Make Love to You, When Can I See You, Whalum also contributed to the 2008 documentary film Miss HIV. On June 20,2014, Whalum was the inaugural Jazz Legend honoree of the National Museum of African American Music in Nashville, Tennessee
11.
Houston Grand Opera
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Houston Grand Opera, located in Houston, Texas, was founded in 1955 by German-born impresario Walter Herbert and Houstonians Elva Lobit, Edward Bing, and Charles Cockrell. HGOs inaugural season featured two performances of two operas, Salome and Madame Butterfly, david Gockley succeeded Walter Herbert as general director in 1972 and remained in the post until accepting the general directorship at San Francisco Opera in 2005. He began his tenure there in 2006, Gockley was succeeded at Houston Grand Opera by Anthony Freud, previously the general director at Welsh National Opera. Summers serves as artistic and music director and Leech serves as managing director, oversight of the HGO Association is provided by a board of directors, a body of trustees also supports the organization. The company now presents six to eight productions per season and has a budget of $24 million. Houston Grand Opera performances are held in the Wortham Theater Center and their combined capacity is more than 3,300. Under Gockley’s leadership, the company began regularly commissioning and producing new works—almost exclusively from American composers—and the company continues to do so, HGO has also staged seven American premieres. The Houston Grand Opera Studio, co-founded by Gockley and composer Carlisle Floyd in 1977, was one of the earliest comprehensive young artist training programs in the United States. It provides advanced training and professional opportunities to outstanding young artists, Houston Grand Opera is supported by an active auxiliary organization, the Houston Grand Opera Guild, established in October 1955. The company has received a Tony Award, two Grammy Awards, and two Emmy Awards—the only opera company in the world to win all three honors, the Houston Grand Opera Orchestra, with more than 45 core members, plays all Houston Grand Opera performances. Patrick Summers has been the director since 1998. No music director was appointed during the Walter Herbert years until 1971, later music directors/principal conductors include Chris Nance, John DeMain, and Vyekoslav Šutej. The Houston Grand Opera Chorus has been led since 1988 by Chorus Master Richard Bado, an alumnus of HGO’s young artist training program, the HGO Studio primarily trains young singers and pianist/coaches but has also trained aspiring conductors in a residency program of up to three years. The HGO Young Artists Vocal Academy, established in 2011 and administered by the HGO Studio, is an intensive program for undergraduate vocal music students. Participants selected for the program receive training that includes daily voice lessons and coachings as well as classes in characterization, movement, diction, HGOco offers training to high school seniors. In 2007, HGO established HGOco, a designed to create partnerships between the company and the community. The libretto was created from the words of some of the residents. In 2009, HGOco received the Leading Lights Diversity Award in Arts, Song cycles have also been created in cooperation with workers in the Houston Ship Channel, Houstons veterans community, and the Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo
12.
NASA
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President Dwight D. Eisenhower established NASA in 1958 with a distinctly civilian orientation encouraging peaceful applications in space science. The National Aeronautics and Space Act was passed on July 29,1958, disestablishing NASAs predecessor, the new agency became operational on October 1,1958. Since that time, most US space exploration efforts have led by NASA, including the Apollo Moon landing missions, the Skylab space station. Currently, NASA is supporting the International Space Station and is overseeing the development of the Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle, the agency is also responsible for the Launch Services Program which provides oversight of launch operations and countdown management for unmanned NASA launches. NASA shares data with various national and international such as from the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite. Since 2011, NASA has been criticized for low cost efficiency, from 1946, the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics had been experimenting with rocket planes such as the supersonic Bell X-1. In the early 1950s, there was challenge to launch a satellite for the International Geophysical Year. An effort for this was the American Project Vanguard, after the Soviet launch of the worlds first artificial satellite on October 4,1957, the attention of the United States turned toward its own fledgling space efforts. This led to an agreement that a new federal agency based on NACA was needed to conduct all non-military activity in space. The Advanced Research Projects Agency was created in February 1958 to develop technology for military application. On July 29,1958, Eisenhower signed the National Aeronautics and Space Act, a NASA seal was approved by President Eisenhower in 1959. Elements of the Army Ballistic Missile Agency and the United States Naval Research Laboratory were incorporated into NASA, earlier research efforts within the US Air Force and many of ARPAs early space programs were also transferred to NASA. In December 1958, NASA gained control of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, NASA has conducted many manned and unmanned spaceflight programs throughout its history. Some missions include both manned and unmanned aspects, such as the Galileo probe, which was deployed by astronauts in Earth orbit before being sent unmanned to Jupiter, the experimental rocket-powered aircraft programs started by NACA were extended by NASA as support for manned spaceflight. This was followed by a space capsule program, and in turn by a two-man capsule program. This goal was met in 1969 by the Apollo program, however, reduction of the perceived threat and changing political priorities almost immediately caused the termination of most of these plans. NASA turned its attention to an Apollo-derived temporary space laboratory, to date, NASA has launched a total of 166 manned space missions on rockets, and thirteen X-15 rocket flights above the USAF definition of spaceflight altitude,260,000 feet. The X-15 was an NACA experimental rocket-powered hypersonic research aircraft, developed in conjunction with the US Air Force, the design featured a slender fuselage with fairings along the side containing fuel and early computerized control systems
13.
Bruce McCandless II
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Bruce McCandless II, is an American former naval officer and aviator, electrical engineer, and former NASA astronaut. During the first of his two Space Shuttle missions he made the first ever untethered free flight using the Manned Maneuvering Unit in 1984, McCandless was born June 8,1937, in Boston, Massachusetts. A third generation U. S. Navy officer, McCandless is the son of Bruce McCandless and he graduated from Woodrow Wilson Senior High School, Long Beach, California, in 1954. With his father having been awarded the Medal of Honor, McCandless was assured of being appointed to a military academy. In 1958 he received a Bachelor of Science degree from the United States Naval Academy, in 1987 he received a Master of Business Administration degree from the University of Houston–Clear Lake. McCandless graduated second in a class of 899 from the U. S. Naval Academy, along with John McCain, subsequently, he received flight training from the Naval Air Training Command at NAS Pensacola, Florida, and NAS Kingsville, Texas. In March 1960 he was designated a Naval Aviator and proceeded to Naval Air Station Key West, Florida, for weapons system, between December 1960 and February 1964 he was assigned to Fighter Squadron 102, flying the Skyray and the F-4B Phantom II. He saw duty aboard USS Forrestal and USS Enterprise, including the participation in the Cuban Missile Crisis. He logged more than 5,200 hours flying time, including 5,000 hours in jet aircraft, McCandless was selected as the youngest member of NASA Astronaut Group 5 in April 1966. According to space historian Matthew Hersch, McCandless and Group 5 colleague Don Lind were effectively treated and he was a CAPCOM on Apollo 11 during the first lunar EVA before joining the astronaut support crew for the Apollo 14 mission, on which he doubled as a CAPCOM. He again served as a CAPCOM on Skylab 3 and Skylab 4 and he was responsible for crew inputs to the development of hardware and procedures for the Inertial Upper Stage, Space Telescope, the Solar Maximum Repair Mission, and the Space Station Program. McCandless logged over 312 hours in space, including four hours of MMU flight time and he flew as a Mission Specialist on STS-41-B and STS-31. Challenger launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on February 3,1984, the flight deployed two communications satellites, and flight-tested rendezvous sensors and computer programs for the first time. This mission marked the first checkout of the Manned Maneuvering Unit, McCandless made the first untethered free flight on each of the two MMUs carried on board, thereby becoming the first person ever to make an untethered spacewalk. After eight days in orbit, Challenger made the first landing on the runway at Kennedy Space Center on February 11,1984. On this five-day Discovery flight, launched on April 24,1990 from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida, Discovery landed at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on April 29,1990. U. S. Naval Academy Alumni Association U. S. Prather Award National Aeronautic Association Collier Trophy Smithsonian Institution National Air, Astronaut Hall of Fame He was awarded a patent for the design of a tool tethering system that is currently used during Shuttle spacewalks. McCandless was married to Bernice Doyle McCandless for 53 years, and his recreational interests include electronics, photography, scuba diving, and flying
14.
Federal Bureau of Investigation
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The Federal Bureau of Investigation is the domestic intelligence and security service of the United States, which simultaneously serves as the nations prime federal law enforcement agency. Operating under the jurisdiction of the U. S. Department of Justice, Intelligence Community and reports to both the Attorney General and the Director of National Intelligence. A leading U. S. counterterrorism, counterintelligence, and criminal investigative organization, although many of the FBIs functions are unique, its activities in support of national security are comparable to those of the British MI5 and the Russian FSB. At an FBI field office, a senior-level FBI officer concurrently serves as the representative of the Director of National Intelligence. Despite its domestic focus, the FBI also maintains a significant international footprint and these overseas offices exist primarily for the purpose of coordination with foreign security services and do not usually conduct unilateral operations in the host countries. The FBI can and does at times carry out secret activities overseas, just as the CIA has a domestic function. The FBI was established in 1908 as the Bureau of Investigation and its name was changed to the Federal Bureau of Investigation in 1935. The FBI headquarters is the J. Edgar Hoover Building, located in Washington, in the fiscal year 2012, the Bureaus total budget was approximately $8.12 billion. In 1896, the National Bureau of Criminal Identification was founded, the 1901 assassination of President William McKinley created an urgent perception that America was under threat from anarchists. The Departments of Justice and Labor had been keeping records on anarchists for years, the Justice Department had been tasked with the regulation of interstate commerce since 1887, though it lacked the staff to do so. It had made little effort to relieve its staff shortage until the breakage of the Oregon land fraud scandal at approximately the turn of the 20th Century, President Roosevelt instructed Attorney General Charles Bonaparte to organize an autonomous investigative service that would report only to the Attorney General. Bonaparte reached out to other agencies, including the Secret Service, for personnel, on May 27,1908, the Congress forbade this use of Treasury employees by the Justice Department, citing fears that the new agency would serve as a secret police department. Again at Roosevelts urging, Bonaparte moved to organize a formal Bureau of Investigation, the Bureau of Investigation was created on July 26,1908, after the Congress had adjourned for the summer. Attorney General Bonaparte, using Department of Justice expense funds, hired thirty-four people, including veterans of the Secret Service. Its first Chief was Stanley Finch, Bonaparte notified the Congress of these actions in December 1908. The bureaus first official task was visiting and making surveys of the houses of prostitution in preparation for enforcing the White Slave Traffic Act, or Mann Act, in 1932, the bureau was renamed the United States Bureau of Investigation. The following year it was linked to the Bureau of Prohibition, in the same year, its name was officially changed from the Division of Investigation to the present-day Federal Bureau of Investigation, or FBI. J. Edgar Hoover served as Director from 1924 to 1972, a combined 48 years with the BOI, DOI, Hoover was substantially involved in most major cases and projects that the FBI handled during his tenure
15.
Muammar Gaddafi
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Muammar Mohammed Abu Minyar Gaddafi, commonly known as Colonel Gaddafi, was a Libyan revolutionary, politician, and political theorist. He governed Libya as Revolutionary Chairman of the Libyan Arab Republic from 1969 to 1977 and he was initially ideologically committed to Arab nationalism and Arab socialism, but he came to rule according to his own Third International Theory. Gaddafi was born near Sirte to an impoverished Bedouin family and he became an Arab nationalist while at school in Sabha, later enrolling in the Royal Military Academy, Benghazi. Within the military he founded a cell which, in a 1969 coup. Now in power, Gaddafi converted Libya into a republic governed by his Revolutionary Command Council, an Islamic modernist, he introduced sharia as the basis for the legal system and promoted Islamic socialism. In 1973, he initiated a Popular Revolution with the formation of General Peoples Committees, purported to be a system of direct democracy and he outlined his Third International Theory that year, publishing these ideas in The Green Book. In 1977, Gaddafi transformed Libya into a new socialist state called the Jamahiriya, officially he adopted a symbolic role in governance but remained head of both the military and the Revolutionary Committees responsible for policing and suppressing dissent. A particularly hostile relationship developed with the United States, United Kingdom, from 1999, Gaddafi rejected Arab socialism and encouraged economic privatisation, rapprochement with Western nations, and Pan-Africanism, he was Chairperson of the African Union from 2009–10. Amid the 2011 Arab Spring, protests against widespread corruption and unemployment broke out in eastern Libya, the situation descended into civil war, in which NATO intervened militarily on the side of the anti-Gaddafist National Transitional Council. The government was overthrown and Gaddafi, who had retreated to Sirte, was captured and killed by NTC militants, a highly divisive figure, Gaddafi dominated Libyas politics for four decades and was the subject of a pervasive cult of personality. Muammar Mohammed Abu Minyar Gaddafi was born in a tent near Qasr Abu Hadi and his family came from a small, relatively un-influential tribal group called the Qadhadhfa, who were Arabized Berber in heritage. His mother was named Aisha, and his father, Mohammad Abdul Salam bin Hamed bin Mohammad, was known as Abu Meniar, nomadic Bedouins, they were illiterate and kept no birth records. His parents only surviving son, he had three older sisters, Gaddafis upbringing in Bedouin culture influenced his personal tastes for the rest of his life, he preferred the desert over the city and would retreat there to meditate. According to later claims, Gaddafis paternal grandfather, Abdessalam Bouminyar, was killed by the Italian Army during the Italian invasion of 1911, at World War IIs end in 1945, Libya was occupied by British and French forces. Although Britain and France intended on dividing the nation between their empires, the General Assembly of the United Nations declared that the country be granted political independence. In 1951, the UN created the United Kingdom of Libya, a state under the leadership of a pro-Western monarch, Idris. Gaddafis earliest education was of a nature, imparted by a local Islamic teacher. Subsequently moving to nearby Sirte to attend school, he progressed through six grades in four years
16.
Houston Fire Department
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City of Houston Fire Department is the agency that provides fire protection and emergency medical services for the city of Houston, Texas, United States, the fourth largest city in the United States. HFD is responsible for preserving life and property for a population of more than 2 million in an area totaling 617 square miles, the department is the largest fire department in the state of Texas. The administrative offices of HFD are located on the 7th floor of Continental Center II in the Cullen Center in Downtown Houston and they were previously located at the City of Houston Fire Department Logistical Center & Maintenance Depot. The Houston Fire Department got its start in 1838 with one known as Protection Company No.1. By 1859, the department had grown to three stations. After 57 years of service, Houston converted the department over to all paid members, on May 31,2013, the Southwest Inn fire broke out in an Indian restaurant in Southwest Houston before spreading to an adjoining hotel. The fire claimed the biggest casualty loss for the Houston Fire Department since its inception, four firefighters were killed and 13 others were injured while fighting the five-alarm fire at the Southwest Inn. Iron Bill Dowling, who lost his legs and damaged his brain in the fire, died in Colorado on March 7,2017, after a short hospitalization for pneumonia and cellulitis, attributed to his injuries. After the spreading of a fire in Spring Branch, Houston, Texas. Nearly 200 firefighters were dispatched to the site several hours. As of May 2016, the cause of the fire remains unknown. Below is a listing of all stations and their apparatus
17.
Laser harp
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A laser harp is an electronic musical user interface and laser lighting display. It projects several laser beams—and a musician plays these by blocking them to produce sounds-reminiscent of a harp, the laser harp has been popularized by Jean Michel Jarre, and has been a high profile feature of almost all his concerts since 1981. British electronic musician Little Boots has used an instrument in concerts. The British electro jazz band 1201-Alarm feature a laser harp as an aspect of their live show. Laser harps have appeared in a number of designs and this style of laser harp is generally built using a single laser, splitting its beam into an array of beams in parallel or fan arrangement. Playing the actual sound is handled by connecting the laser harp to a synthesizer, sampler or computer. This frameless design is more elaborate than the style, relying on reflecting the light back to a single photodiode. The fan of laser beams is actually a single beam scanned into a fan pattern, by matching the timing of the reflected beam, the instrument can determine which beam the player is blocking and sound the corresponding note. In these designs, each laser can be controlled to simulate playback of prerecorded notes. The advantage of a dedicated sensor mechanism is that the instrument can be self-contained, as opposed to requiring a computer to control it with input from an ILDA interface, the PC-based approach, however, offers more flexibility and can be constructed with mostly off-the-shelf hardware. Unframed laser harps benefit from the use of lasers, as they facilitate easier detection by the sensor system. As the sensor is exposed to all ambient light, it can be swamped by stage lighting behind the artist if the sensitivity is too high, to avoid this, the system can use ambient light sensors to reject ambient light. Furthermore, the gloves protect the skin from potentially hazardous laser radiation. In 2005 the first free full color ILDA laser harp Genesis controller idea and project was born on laserist board, the last sensor designed rejects ambient light and can measure the hand height in the beams. It offers the possibility to play on the sound like the pitch, filters, free software allows the musician to create patches, playlists, color presets like rainbow, visual effects, midi channel and virtual harp to test. The last functions added to model are the automatic learning of the song by playing it on a keyboard. In 2008 Maurizio Carelli, an Italian software and electronic engineer, had the idea of a new portable red/green laser harp and this device features a configurable full octave with green beams for any diatonic note and red ones for any chromatic note for full Diatonic and Chromatic scale. In this way any musician can play a laser harp
18.
High School for the Performing and Visual Arts
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High School for the Performing and Visual Arts is a secondary school located at 4001 Stanford Street in the Montrose district of Houston, Texas. The school is a part of the Houston Independent School District, the school educates grades nine through twelve. The school is divided into six departments, instrumental music, vocal music, dance, theater, visual arts, Visual Arts was formed by the merging of what were formerly separate art and media departments. Students are required to enroll in the school only one art area. Applicants can audition for more than one department and may be accepted for multiple departments, students who fail classes are placed on art area probation which makes them ineligible to participate in art area activities. If a student repeatedly fails his or her art area or academics he will most likely be removed from the school. HSPVA was placed as the top school in the Greater Houston Area by Children at Risks 2009 annual ranking of high schools, since 2003, HSPVA has had eight students named US Presidential Scholars in the Arts by the US Department of Education as selected by the National YoungArts Foundation. HSPVA does not automatically take in students from the surrounding neighborhood, there are six art areas, vocal music, instrumental music, dance, theatre, visual art, and creative writing. There are subdivisions within some of these art areas, instrumental Music breaks down into band, orchestra, jazz, mariachi, and piano. Theatre breaks down into musical theatre, acting, and technical theatre, a creative writing department was added in the 2011-2012 school year, raising questions about HSPVAs size and whether the current building will be able to house a new department. The HISD Office of Board Services had, by January 1971 and those letters advocated for the creation of an arts magnet school. The motion to establish this school was passed unanimously by the HISD school board during a period when it was divided ideologically. HSPVA was not the first magnet school in the U. S. but it was technically the first magnet school in Houston, HISD chose Ruth Denney as the schools founding director. The district asked Denney to choose between three sites, W. D. Cleveland Elementary School, Montrose Elementary School. After touring them, Denney selected the temple building and in May 1971 the final plans for HSPVA were presented to the school board, the school moved to 4001 Stanford Street, the site of the former Montrose Elementary School, in 1982. In the 1990s, there was a proposal to move HSPVA to the Bob R, casey Federal Building in Downtown Houston. Plans existed for a new HSPVA building to be located near the Gregory-Lincoln Education Center in Houstons Freedmens Town Historical District in the Fourth Ward, the new building would have included a 2000+ seat state-of-the-art theater, updated facilities and possibly a recording studio. Construction was temporarily delayed due to the discovery of a possible American Civil War-era cemetery, in June 2007, the project page for the building displayed CANCELLED
19.
Houston Boychoir
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The Houston Boychoir is a nonprofit, independent vocal training and music education organization in Greater Houston Texas. Established in 1962 as The Singing Boys of Houston by the Houston Independent School District, HBC has performed before audiences at the Texas Music Educators Association annual conference and at Carnegie Hall, performing the Mass of the Children conducted by the composer John Rutter. The musical repertoire is varied and draws on literature from all styles, languages, Singing members in all three groups wear uniforms when performing. The Preparatory Choirs formal attire consists of a button-down, light blue, long sleeve shirt, gray pants, a belt with a gold buckle. The members of the Chamber Choir distinguish themselves by wearing a blue blazer with a white shirt. The Alumni Choirs uniform is the same as the Chamber Choir except that the Alumni Choir gets to choose their own ties, december 2010 marked the 48th year of the Houston Heritage Societys Candlelight Evening, event in which the boy choir has participated since its inauguration. Another annual event is known as the Winter Concert which takes place at the First Presbyterian Church of Houston on 5300 Main Street, in May 16,2011, at the Moores Opera House, the Houston Boychoir performed for the 48th consecutive year their Spring Concert. The choir performed as a special guest with the Houston Bach Society in April 2011 The Houston Boychoir has sung the Star Spangled Banner at several Astros games and they have also done the same at a few Rocket and Dynamo games. The Heritage Society at Sam Houston Park, I Houston Choral Site on HBC
20.
International Standard Serial Number
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An International Standard Serial Number is an eight-digit serial number used to uniquely identify a serial publication. The ISSN is especially helpful in distinguishing between serials with the same title, ISSN are used in ordering, cataloging, interlibrary loans, and other practices in connection with serial literature. The ISSN system was first drafted as an International Organization for Standardization international standard in 1971, ISO subcommittee TC 46/SC9 is responsible for maintaining the standard. When a serial with the content is published in more than one media type. For example, many serials are published both in print and electronic media, the ISSN system refers to these types as print ISSN and electronic ISSN, respectively. The format of the ISSN is an eight digit code, divided by a hyphen into two four-digit numbers, as an integer number, it can be represented by the first seven digits. The last code digit, which may be 0-9 or an X, is a check digit. Formally, the form of the ISSN code can be expressed as follows, NNNN-NNNC where N is in the set, a digit character. The ISSN of the journal Hearing Research, for example, is 0378-5955, where the final 5 is the check digit, for calculations, an upper case X in the check digit position indicates a check digit of 10. To confirm the check digit, calculate the sum of all eight digits of the ISSN multiplied by its position in the number, the modulus 11 of the sum must be 0. There is an online ISSN checker that can validate an ISSN, ISSN codes are assigned by a network of ISSN National Centres, usually located at national libraries and coordinated by the ISSN International Centre based in Paris. The International Centre is an organization created in 1974 through an agreement between UNESCO and the French government. The International Centre maintains a database of all ISSNs assigned worldwide, at the end of 2016, the ISSN Register contained records for 1,943,572 items. ISSN and ISBN codes are similar in concept, where ISBNs are assigned to individual books, an ISBN might be assigned for particular issues of a serial, in addition to the ISSN code for the serial as a whole. An ISSN, unlike the ISBN code, is an identifier associated with a serial title. For this reason a new ISSN is assigned to a serial each time it undergoes a major title change, separate ISSNs are needed for serials in different media. Thus, the print and electronic versions of a serial need separate ISSNs. Also, a CD-ROM version and a web version of a serial require different ISSNs since two different media are involved, however, the same ISSN can be used for different file formats of the same online serial
21.
Houston Chronicle
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The Houston Chronicle is the largest daily newspaper in Houston, Texas, United States. As of April 2016, it is the third-largest newspaper by Sunday circulation in the United States, with its 1995 buy-out of long-time rival the Houston Post, the Chronicle became Houstons primary newspaper. The Houston Chronicle is the largest daily paper owned and operated by the Hearst Corporation, the paper employs nearly 2,000 people, including approximately 300 journalists, editors, and photographers. The Chronicle has bureaus in Washington, D. C. and it reports that its web site averages 125 million page views per month. The publication serves as the newspaper of record of the Houston area, previously headquartered in the Houston Chronicle Building at 801 Texas Avenue, Downtown Houston, the Houston Chronicle is now located at 4747 Southwest Freeway. From its inception, the practices and policies of the Houston Chronicle were shaped by strong-willed personalities who were the publishers, the history of the newspaper can be best understood when divided into the eras of these individuals. The Houston Chronicle was founded in 1901 by a reporter for the now-defunct Houston Post. The Chronicles first edition was published on October 14,1901, at the end of its first month in operation, the Chronicle had a circulation of 4,378 — roughly one tenth of the population of Houston at the time. Within the first year of operation, the paper purchased and consolidated the Daily Herald, in 1908, Foster asked Jesse H. Jones agreed, and the resulting Chronicle Building was one of the finest in the South. Under Foster, the circulation grew from about 7,000 in 1901 to 75,000 on weekdays and 85,000 on Sundays by 1926. Foster continued to write columns under the pen name Mefo, and he sold the rest of his interest to Jesse H. Jones on June 26,1926 and promptly retired. In 1911, City Editor George Kepple started Goodfellows, on a Christmas Eve in 1911, Kepple passed a hat among the Chronicles reporters to collect money to buy toys for a shoe-shine boy. Goodfellows continues today through donations made by the newspaper and its readers and it has grown into a city-wide program that provides needy children between the ages of two and ten with toys during the winter holidays. In 2003, Goodfellows distributed almost 250,000 toys to more than 100,000 needy children in the Greater Houston area, in 1926, Jesse H. Jones became the sole owner of the paper. He had approached Foster about selling, and Foster had answered and he replied, On real estate and everything about 200,000 dollars. I then said to him that I would give him 300,000 dollars in cash, having in mind that this would pay his debts, I considered the offer substantially more than the Chronicle was worth at the time. No sooner had I finished stating my proposition than he said, I will take it, in 1937, Jesse H. Jones transferred ownership of the paper to the newly established Houston Endowment Inc. Jones retained the title of publisher until his death in 1956. As such, it eschewed controversial political topics, such as integration or the impacts of economic growth on life in the city
22.
Deserted Palace
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Deserted Palace is the first studio album by French electronic musician and composer Jean-Michel Jarre, released on Sam Fox Records in 1972. It is Jarres very first full-length album release under his own name, released four years before his breakthrough album and it was an album of library music, intended for use in television programmes, adverts, films, and so forth. It has not been subsequently re-released, although it is available as a bootleg. On 30 May 2011, several tracks from album were officially released on the Essentials & Rarities compilation album. All tracks written by Jean-Michel Jarre, jean Michel Jarre – ARP, EMS Synthi AKS, VCS3 synthesizer, Farfisa organ, Percussion
23.
Zoolook
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Zoolook is the seventh studio album by French electronic musician and composer Jean Michel Jarre, released on the Disques Dreyfus label in 1984. It makes extensive use of recording techniques and sampling. Much of the music is built up from singing and speech in 25 different languages, along with synthesizers, the album spawned two singles, the title track and Zoolookologie. Both were released in remixed forms as both 7 and 12 singles, the latter including extended remixes by François Kevorkian. A further extended version of Zoolook, produced by Razormaid. has also been released. After the initial release, subsequent ones for Polydor and Dreyfus in 1985 included these remixed 7 versions as the canonical album tracks. However, when Jarres catalogue was remastered and re-released by Sonys Epic label in the mid-1990s, the track Diva is also slightly shorter on the second release. At the time of its release NME said, Strangely simplistic, in a retrospective review, Allmusic described the album as interesting throughout. The 1985 Polydor/Disques Dreyfus issues contain remixes of Zoolook and Zoolookologie, the original track listing was re-instated for the Epic/Disques Dreyfus 1997 remasters
24.
Revolutions (Jean-Michel Jarre album)
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Revolutions is the ninth studio album by electronic musician and composer Jean-Michel Jarre, first released in August 1988. The album spans several genres, including industrial, Arabian inspired, light guitar pop. The album reached number #2 in the UK charts, Jarres best chart position since Oxygène, the Destination Docklands concert in London coincided with the release of the album. There are two versions of the album, each containing a different version of the track Revolutions, on the original release, the introduction to the tune is played on a Turkish flute, whereas the later reissue of the album uses an Arabian string orchestra for the introduction. This version also has a different vocal accompaniment, as sung by an Arabian vocalist, Revolutions contains reworked samples of an unpublished composition by Turk Kudsi Erguner, which Jarre had acquired from ethnologist Xavier Bellenger. Erguner took his case to court and won a modest indemnity, Jarre removed the Ney part from new releases of the record and from live performances. The song London Kid was a collaboration with Hank Marvin, Hank was living in Perth, Australia at the time and he and Jean-Michel composed the song with each other over the phone. As noted in the notes, the track September is named after and dedicated to South African ANC activist Dulcie September
25.
En attendant Cousteau
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En attendant Cousteau is the tenth studio album by French electronic musician and composer Jean-Michel Jarre, released on Disques Dreyfus, licensed to Polydor, in 11 June 1990. The album was dedicated to Jacques-Yves Cousteau and was released on his 80th birthday 11 June 1990, allmusic described the album as groundbreaking stuff, due to its extreme stylistic differences from his other albums. The album reached Number 14 in the UK charts, the original plan was to release the album edit of the track as a promo CD single, but those plans were abandoned. On vinyl and cassette tape the title track was edited to only 22 minutes due to the lack of space on the formats. Early promos for the album had the track named Cousteau on the Beach. The last track En Attendant Cousteau was also used in the soundtrack to a documentary entitled Palawan, all tracks composed by Jean Michel Jarre
26.
Chronologie
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Chronologie is the eleventh studio album by French electronic musician and composer Jean-Michel Jarre, and was released on Disques Dreyfus in 1993. It is inspired by Stephen Hawkings book A Brief History of Time, Chronologie Part 4 and Chronologie Part 5 started out as a composition for the Swiss watch company Swatch. The sound of Chronologie was based on a new wave of dance music that had been developing since the late 1980s. Like Jarres previous album Waiting for Cousteau, Chronologie charted at Number 11 in the UK charts, the album cover art was created by long-time collaborator Michel Granger. All tracks by Jean Michel Jarre
27.
Interior Music
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Interior Music is a promotional album by French electronic musician and composer Jean-Michel Jarre, and released in as a special release for Bang & Olufsen in 2001. The album consists of two long-form pieces, the first, Bonjour Hello, is an audio collage of sounds with voices saying short sentences in French, English and Danish. The second piece, Whispers of Life, is a version of the first. Although the CD packaging states these are excerpts from a new album, there is a limited supply of 1000 copies for this album. All tracks written by Jean-Michel Jarre
28.
Sessions 2000
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Sessions 2000 is the fourteenth studio album by French electronic musician and composer Jean-Michel Jarre, released on Disques Dreyfus and distributed by Sony Music in 2002. It was released in the U. S. in early 2003, the album was partly created so he could be free from his contract with Sony Music and FDM. Therefore, it is not so commercially minded, the style is ambient, lounge, chill-out and jazz and the recordings are made from jam sessions along with Francis Rimbert. Some synthesizer workstations, most notably the Korg Triton and the Roland XP-80, were heavily used, some of the sounds in this album were used earlier on Interior Music released in 2001. The CD does not come with an actual booklet, the album cover is just printed on cardboard, with the track listing and credits on the back side. All tracks written by Jean-Michel Jarre, Sessions 2000 at Discogs Sessions 2000 at JarreUK Sessions 2000 at Jarrography
29.
Geometry of Love
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Geometry of Love is the fifteenth studio album by French electronic musician and composer Jean-Michel Jarre, released by Warner Music in October 2003. This album has more in common with the preceding Sessions 2000 album than releases prior, the music was to be lounge music, played in the background or in the chill-out area of a club. The album was commissioned by Jean-Roch, as a soundtrack for his VIP Room nightclub in France, the CD was initially meant to come out in only 2000 copies. However, it was released as a generally available CD. It has now discontinued and copies of it are not being pressed anymore. The album cover is a pixelated and turned counter-clockwise photo of the pubis of Isabelle Adjani, the track Velvet Road is a remake of the unreleased composition Children of Space created by Jarre for the Rendez-Vous in Space concert in Okinawa, in 2001. Some of the sounds in Geometry of Love were used earlier on Interior Music released in 2001, several tracks from Geometry of Love were included on Jarres 2006 compilation release Sublime Mix. All tracks written by Jean-Michel Jarre, notes Geometry of Love at Discogs Geometry of Love at JarreUK Geometry of Love at Jarrography
30.
Electronica 1: The Time Machine
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Electronica 1, The Time Machine is the seventeenth studio album by French electronic musician and composer Jean-Michel Jarre, released on 16 October 2015 by Columbia Records. Jarre announced on 20 April 2015 Conquistador as result of his collaboration with French techno producer Gesaffelstein. On 15 May 2015, a collaboration, this time with French electronic band M83 titled Glory was announced. A third collaboration, this time with German electronic band Tangerine Dream was announced on 22 June 2015, the collaborations were teased over a period of months in 2015 before the album itself was announced by Jarre on 10 July 2015, under its project name E-project. It is to be his first release of music since his 2007 album Téo & Téa. Pre-orders of the album were announced, as well as two limited edition box sets, on 28 August 2015, details of the album and the title Electronica 1, The Time Machine were announced, together with the Little Boots track If. A trailer accompanying the announcement has Jean-Michel Jarre talking about the concept of this album, a second volume was released in May 2016. At the outset, I had no idea how this project would evolve, the E-project started in 2011 with his collaboration with David Lynch. The album was nominated for the 59th Annual Grammy Awards in the Best Dance/Electronic Album category, the spectrogram of the track Continuous Mix contains several hidden secrets. User audiolab at forum rt22. mybb3. ru revealed phrases Ancient astronauts, Always trust your vision, Jarres portrait, after that, Jan Szulew decrypted the bit sequence unveiling two 32-bit binary strings which represent floating point numbers of WGS84 coordinates. The coordinates point to the center of the Obelisk of Luxor on Place de la Concorde, Jean-Michel Jarre reveals more details of E-Project album on Resident Advisor
31.
Les Concerts en Chine
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Les Concerts en Chine is a live album by Jean Michel Jarre, recorded in 1981 and released in 1982 on Disques Dreyfus. The album is a balance of previously released tracks by Jarre, new compositions inspired by Chinese culture, the album consists mainly of live material, plus ambient sound recordings and one new studio track Souvenir of China. Other new compositions recorded live include Nuit à Shanghai, Harpe Laser, Arpégiateur, the album was originally released as a double-disc LP, then as a double-disc CD. There was also a CD release in two volumes, with the cover color changed to blue and yellow. In 1997, a one-disc remastered CD was released, made possible by reducing the running time to 78,17 by reducing the gaps. The remastering was done by Scott Hull at Masterdisk to the 96 kHz,24 bit standard, one of the albums original tracks – Arpégiateur – was used in the soundtrack of the film 9½ Weeks as well as in several mid-1980s episodes of the American soap opera Santa Barbara. Opening track The Overture is the first movement of Magnetic Fields Part 1 slowed down, the album reached #6 in the UK charts and #1 in Portugal. Li Meng, Mr. Wang Zhi - collaborating artists on Fishing Junks at Sunset Album details on Discogs. com
32.
Hong Kong (album)
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Hong Kong is a live album by Jean Michel Jarre, and released in 1994 on Disques Dreyfus, licensed to Polydor. Also, Fishing Junks at Sunset was recorded from the Hong Kong concert rehearsals, magnetic Fields 2 comes from the encore at Barcelona 1993, which appears on the VHS tape released of this concert. Band In The Rain is also from the Barcelona show, countdown –1,37 Chronologie 2 –6,37 Chronologie 3 –5,46 How Old Are You. –1,17 Équinoxe 4 –4,46 Souvenir of China –4,43 Quest-ce-que lamour, –0,52 Chronologie 6 –5,10 Chronologie 8 –4,49 Where Are You Going. –1,17 Equinoxe 4 –4,46 Souvenir of China –4,43 Quest-ce-que lamour, –0,52 Chronologie 6 –5,10 Chronologie 8 –4,49 Where Are You Going
33.
La Cage (song)
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La Cage is the 1971 debut single by French electronic musician and composer Jean Michel Jarre under his own name. Although produced in 1969, Jarre was unable to find a label that was willing to release the single due to its experimental sounds. After a few rejections, he found Pathé Marconi willing to release it in 1971, Pathé Marconi destroyed the remaining stock. However, the tape of La Cage was preserved. The single can also be found on the Rarities I bootleg compilation in 1994, Jarre himself had lost his copy during a move and no longer owned it until a fan presented him with a copy as a gift. Both songs were released on the 2011 compilation album Essentials & Rarities, all tracks written by Jean-Michel Jarre
