Reproductive success
Videos
Reproductive success is an individual's production of offspring per breeding event or lifetime. This is not limited by the number of offspring produced by one individual, but also the reproductive suc
A sperm fertilizing an egg in sexual reproduction is one stage of reproductive success.
Parental investment
Videos
Parental investment, in evolutionary biology and evolutionary psychology, is any parental expenditure that benefits offspring. Parental investment may be performed by both males and females, females a
A female calliope hummingbird (Selasphorus calliope) feeding her chicks
A human mother feeding her child
A cellar spider (Pholcidae) defending spiderlings
King penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) and a chick