Republicanism is a western political ideology that encompasses a range of ideas from civic virtue, political participation, harms of corruption, positives of mixed constitution, rule of law, and others. Historically, it emphasizes the idea of self-governance and ranges from the rule of a representative minority or aristocracy to popular sovereignty. It has had different definitions and interpretations which vary significantly based on historical context and methodological approach.
Sculpture of Aristotle
Sculpture of Cicero
Portrait of Niccolò Machiavelli
Portrait of Oliver Cromwell
The Western world, also known as the West, primarily refers to various nations and states in the regions of Australasia, Western Europe, and Northern America; with some debate as to whether those in Eastern Europe and Latin America also constitute the West. The Western world likewise is called the Occident in contrast to the Eastern world known as the Orient. The West is considered an evolving concept; made up of cultural, political, and economic synergy among diverse groups of people, and not a rigid region with fixed borders and members. Definitions of "Western world" vary according to context and perspectives.
Gold and garnet cloisonné (and mud), military fitting from the Staffordshire Hoard before cleaning
US Supreme Court (1932–1935) building, built in neoclassical style, an architectural style of the Western world
Plato, arguably the most influential figure in early Western philosophy, has influenced virtually all of subsequent Western and Middle Eastern philosophy and theology
Rise of the Germanic Frankish Empire before Charlemagne's coronation in Rome