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Respiratory system
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The respiratory system is a biological system consisting of specific organs and structures used for gas exchange in animals and plants.
Fig. 1. Respiratory system
Fig. 1. Respiratory system
Fig. 2. The lower respiratory tract, or "Respiratory Tree" Trachea Mainstem bronchus Lobar bronchus Segmental bronchus Bronchiole Alveolar duct Alveol
Fig. 2. The lower respiratory tract, or "Respiratory Tree" Trachea Mainstem bronchus Lobar bronchus Segmental bronchus Bronchiole Alveolar duct Alveolus
Fig. 4 The effect of the muscles of inhalation in expanding the rib cage. The particular action illustrated here is called the pump handle movement of
Fig. 4 The effect of the muscles of inhalation in expanding the rib cage. The particular action illustrated here is called the pump handle movement of the rib cage.
Fig. 7 The muscles of breathing at rest: inhalation on the left, exhalation on the right. Contracting muscles are shown in red; relaxed muscles in blu
Fig. 7 The muscles of breathing at rest: inhalation on the left, exhalation on the right. Contracting muscles are shown in red; relaxed muscles in blue. Contraction of the diaphragm generally contributes the most to the expansion of the chest cavity (light blue). However, at the same time, the intercostal muscles pull the ribs upwards (their effect is indicated by arrows) also causing the rib cage to expand during inhalation (see diagram on other side of the page). The relaxation of all these muscles during exhalation causes the rib cage and abdomen (light green) to elastically return to their resting positions. Compare with Fig. 6, the MRI video of the chest movements during the breathing cycle.
Lung
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The lungs are the primary organs of the respiratory system in many animals, including humans. In mammals and most other tetrapods, two lungs are located near the backbone on either side of the heart.
Respiratory system
…specific organs and structures used for gas exchange in animals and plants. In land animals, the respiratory surface is internalized as linings of the lungs. Gas exchange in the lungs occurs in millions of small air sacs. In mammals and reptiles, these are called alveoli, and in birds, they are known as…
The human lungs flank the heart and great vessels in the chest cavity.
The human lungs flank the heart and great vessels in the chest cavity.
Chest CT (axial lung window)
Chest CT (axial lung window)
Chest CT (coronal lung window)
Chest CT (coronal lung window)
Cross-sectional detail of the lung
Cross-sectional detail of the lung