Restoration and Regeneration in Switzerland
The periods of Restoration and Regeneration in Swiss history lasted from 1814 to 1847. "Restoration" is the period of 1814 to 1830, the restoration of the Ancien Régime (federalism), reverting the changes imposed by Napoleon Bonaparte on the centralist Helvetic Republic from 1798 and the partial reversion to the old system with the Act of Mediation of 1803. "Regeneration" is the period of 1830 to 1848, when in the wake of the July Revolution the "restored" Ancien Régime was countered by the liberal movement. In the Protestant cantons, the rural population enforced liberal cantonal constitutions, partly in armed marches on the cities. This resulted in a conservative backlash in the Catholic cantons in the 1830s, raising the conflict to the point of civil war by 1847.
Konkordatsbatzen (with the Swiss cross on the reverse) minted in Berne (1826)
Charles Pictet de Rochemont
The Ustertag meets near Zurich on 22 November 1830.
The Züriputsch: clashes on Zürich Paradeplatz
Since 1848 the Swiss Confederation has been a federal republic of relatively autonomous cantons, some of which have a history of
federation that goes back more than 700 years, putting them among the world's oldest surviving republics.
Divico and Julius Caesar after the Battle of Bibracte
The Battle of Laupen (1339) between Swiss forces and an army of the Dukes of Savoy (Diebold Schilling the Elder, 1480s).
Leonhard Euler (1707–83), one of the most prominent scientists in the Age of Enlightenment
Gotthard line in 1882