Retail Loss Prevention is a set of practices employed by retail companies to preserve profit. Profit preservation is any business activity designed to reduce preventable losses. A preventable loss is any business cost caused by deliberate or inadvertent human actions, colloquially known as "shrinkage". Deliberate human actions that cause loss to a retail company can be theft, vandalism, abuse, or misconduct. Inadvertent human actions attributable to loss are poorly executed business processes, where employees fail to follow existing policies or procedures – or cases in which business policies and procedures are lacking. Loss prevention is found within the retail sector but can be found within other business environments. Since retail loss prevention is geared towards the elimination of preventable loss and the bulk of preventable loss in retail is caused by deliberate human activity, traditional approaches to retail loss prevention have been through visible security measures matched with technology such as CCTV and electronic sensor barriers.

Most companies take this traditional approach by either having their own in-house loss prevention team or using external security agencies. Charles A. Sennewald and John H. Christman state, "Four elements are necessary for a successful loss prevention plan: 1) Total support from top management, 2) A positive employee attitude, 3) Maximum use of all available resources, 4) A system which establishes both responsibility and accountability for loss prevention through evaluations that are consistent and progressive." Periodically retail business inventories all of the merchandise in the store. Items that are unaccounted for compared to what the inventory system believes the store should have are losses or "shrink". Shrink is caused by operational errors, internal theft, external theft. Retail loss prevention is responsible for identifying these causes and following up with training, investigating, responding to and resolving them. According to the 2018 National Retail Federal National Retail Security Survey, the average Shrink % for US Retailers is 1.33%.

Average global shrink rates as table by region, ranging from a high of 1.85% in the US to a low of 1.75% in Asia Pacific. Region Shrinkage, 2018-2018 USA 1.85% Europe 1.83% Latin America 1.81% Asia Pacific 1.75% Global 1.82% Operational errors are inadvertent human errors. Operational errors occur when associates do not follow existing business best practices and policies or a company lacks the proper best practices and policies to ensure work is performed with minimal human error. Operational errors occur due to a lack of proper training for associates. External theft is when customers intentionally cause shrink by fraud, or vandalism. 80% of customers who steal merchandise are opportunists and do not walk into the store with the intent to steal. They find that one thing they did not expect to find, cannot afford to pay for it, will steal it if they have the opportunity. Others are desperate who will steal essentials for their family, but only if they have the opportunity. A few steal because they like the adrenaline rush and will steal, regardless of how much money they have if they have the opportunity.

The remainder are "boosters" who are thieves for a living, walk in with the full intent to steal and sell their goods for a profit, on their own, or to a "fence" that sells stolen merchandise. The vast majority of thieves have one thing in common, they will steal only if they have the opportunity. So theft prevention is easy. Constant and great customer service will eliminate most opportunity to steal. However, there are those who are not as deterred. Prevention techniques used are customer service, Electronic Article Surveillance with inventory control devices, uniformed or plain-clothed security or loss prevention personnel, surveillance systems, dummy cameras, locked display cases, etc. Retail loss prevention uses several prevention techniques because, like most things, there is no one answer for everything. Once all prevention measures are in place, resolving external theft in many companies includes apprehending shoplifters. State laws vary and allow business owners or representatives of the company to detain shoplifters with "reasonable force" for a "reasonable amount of time" until law enforcement arrives.

Several companies have designated trained individuals who are allowed to detain shoplifters according to company policy. Modern retail loss prevention teams use surveillance techniques with camera systems or on the sales floor or a combination. Working in teams has its advantages since one person can man the cameras while the rest of the team observes on the sales floor as individual shoppers in disguise or male and female loss prevention agents posing as a couple. Policy from company to company varies, but are the same. There are specific elements that Loss Prevention must observe before detaining a shoplifter; some of the typical elements are: Observe the subject enter the store or department Observe the subject select merchandise Observe the subject conceal merchandise Know what the subject selected and where it was concealed Maintain unbroken observation of the subjectIn some companies, entering a restroom or fitting room is broken surveillance and elements must start over. Observe the subject pass all points of sale.

In some states, the point of sale may be the line of the front door. One must observe the subject exit the store. If any of the elements used by the company are not observed, Loss Prevention may not detain the subject according to company policy; the use of force or detain the shoplifter varies from

The Academy of Country Music Awards known as the ACM Awards, were first held in 1966, honoring the industry's accomplishments during the previous year. It was the first country music awards program held by a major organization; the Academy's signature "hat" trophy was first created in 1968. The awards were first televised in 1972 on ABC. In 1979, the Academy joined with Dick Clark Productions to produce the show. Dick Clark and Al Schwartz served as producers. Under their guidance, the show moved to NBC and to CBS, where it remains today. In 2003, the awards show left Los Angeles and moved to Las Vegas at the Mandalay Bay Events Center through 2005; the Academy adopted a sleeker, modern version of the "hat" trophy in 2003, now made by the New York City firm Society Awards. In 2004, the organization implemented online awards voting for its professional members, becoming the first televised awards show to do so. Entertainer of the Year was a fan-voted award for eight years, until 2016, when the ACM announced its decision to abandon Internet-voting for it and the three new-artist categories.

The show was moved to the MGM Grand Garden Arena in Las Vegas from 2006 through 2014 before relocating to AT&T Stadium in Arlington, Texas, in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex in 2015 to celebrate its 50th anniversary. The 2015 show broke the Guinness record for Most Attended Awards Show, with 70,252; the show returned to the MGM Grand Garden Arena in 2016 moved to the new T-Mobile Arena in 2017. In 2018, the ACM Awards returned to the MGM Grand Garden Arena, it was announced on February 20, 2019, that the show would be held again at the MGM Grand Garden Area with the return of Reba McEntire as the hostess for her 16th time. Voting members of the Academy of Country Music elect the nominees. In 2016, after an eight-year experiment intended to improve consumer engagement, the ACM announced its decision of abandon fan-voting for Entertainer of the Year and its three new-artist categories, thanks to the cost of participation and several rifts that had developed among artists; the program was controversial from the start and included the web ballot stuffing encouragement infamous among awards of the same type presented in other ceremonies.

Kenny Chesney, after winning the first fan vote for entertainer in 2008, criticized the process backstage, complaining that instead of acknowledging artists' hard work, the vote had devolved into a marketing contest that rewarded people for "seeing how hard you can push people's buttons on the Internet." The winner, for example, of entertainer will now be voted on by the same people who select the male or female vocalist winner. The most prestigious awards are for "Artist of the Decade" and "Entertainer of the Year." There are a number of other awards to recognize male and female vocalists, videos and musicians. The awards are presented in April or May and recognize achievement for the previous year. Source: 2010s: Jason Aldean 2000s: George Strait 1990s: Garth Brooks 1980s: Alabama 1970s: Loretta Lynn 1960s: Marty Robbins The Triple-Crown Award is an elite honor, presented to only eight country artists in the history of the Academy of Country Music Awards; the honor distinguishes the achievement of an artist, duo or group upon receiving the New Artist, Male/Female Vocalist and Entertainer of the Year awards.

Among the recipients, Carrie Underwood received it at the ACM Awards, while Jason Aldean at the Annual ACM Honors. The following list shows the seven artists that have won the award and the first year winning each of the categories required. Country Music Association Country Music Hall of Fame Grand Ole Opry Academy of Country Music – Official Website

Daniel Schöpf is an Austrian footballer who last played for SSV Jahn Regensburg. Schöpf began his youth career with Austria Wien, having advanced through the club's youth system made his debut for the second team as a substitute in a 2–1 win against FC Lustenau in Regional League East on 1 August 2008, he subsequently joined FC Lustenau in 2010, he left to join Altach a year later. He spent two years in the First League with Altach before joining Wiener Neustadt in the summer of 2013. In summer 2015, he transferred to SSV Jahn Regensburg, his contract with Regensburg ended in 2017. Schöpf has represented Austria at both under-21 level. Ahead of the 2018–19 season, Schöpf joined Floridsdorfer AC, he left the club at the end of the season

Transua Department is a department of Gontougo Region in Zanzan District, Ivory Coast. In 2014, its population was 83,478 and its seat is the settlement of Transua; the sub-prefectures of the department are Assuéfry, Kouassia-Niaguini, Transua. Transua Department was created in 2009 as a second-level subdivision via a split-off from Tanda Department. At its creation, it was part of Zanzan Region. In 2011, districts were introduced as new first-level subdivisions of Ivory Coast. At the same time, regions were reorganised and became second-level subdivisions and all departments were converted into third-level subdivisions. At this time, Transua Department became part of Gontougo Region in Zanzan District

Francesco Grandolfo is an Italian professional football player, playing for Italian Serie C side Sambenedettese as a forward. A Bari youth system trainee, he made his debut in Serie A on 7 May 2011 in an away fixture against Palermo. In his third appearance of the season, the last day of the season, he scored a hat-trick against Bologna in a match that finished 4–0 to Bari. With this feat, he became the first Bari player to score a hat-trick in an away game in Serie A for the club. During the summer, he was loaned out to Chievo on deadline day. After spending the whole season playing with the Primavera under-19 team, Grandolfo made his first team debut on 22 May 2011, in a game against Bologna when he came on as a substitute, he made only one other appearance that season and so finished the season with two appearances and zero goals. As a consequence, Chievo decided not to retain him after his loan expired and so he returned to Bari, who were now in Serie B. In the first half of the 2012–13 Serie B season, Grandolfo made six appearances for Bari, but form evaded him and he was unable to score in any of those games.

Due to lack of minutes at Bari, he went on loan to third division club Tritium where he made thirteen appearances and scored one goal, but once again, this spell proved unsuccessful. He once again returned to Bari at the completion of his loan spell at Tritium but was once again sent out on loan, this time to another third division side, for the entire 2013–14 season. At Savona his performance did not improve either, as he played only a total fourteen games with a spare goal, was released for free by Bari at the end of the season. On 5 September 2014, it was announced Grandolfo had signed a contract with Serie D amateurs Correggese, with whom he had training during the whole pre-season. On 12 July 2015, Grandolfo signed a 2-years contract with the Lega Pro side Fidelis Andria. In August 2016, Grandolfo signed for Serie C club Bassano, he successively joined newly-promoted Serie C club Virtus Verona for the 2018–19 season. On 10 July 2019 he signed a one-year contract with second-year extension option with Vis Pesaro.

On 9 January 2020 he moved to another Serie C club Sambenedettese. Francesco Grandolfo at TuttoCalciatori.net Francesco Grandolfo at Soccerway

The Horse Lava Tube System is a series of lava tubes within Deschutes County, Oregon, of the United States. The system starts within the Deschutes National Forest on the northern flank of Newberry Volcano and heads north into and near the city of Bend; the system continues north again to Redmond at the Redmond Caves and into the Redmond Canyon, where the last known segment is known to exist. The lava flow that created the Horse system is referred to as the Horse Cave lobe and it filled the ancient channel of the Deschutes River which at that time flowed around the east side of Pilot Butte; the Horse Cave lobe is a part of the basalt of Lava Top Butte which consists of the Arnold Lava Tube System, the Badlands rootless shield, the Lava Top butte basalt. All have a geologic age around 80,000 years old; the system got its name from Ronald Greeley of NASA who named it during his study of lava tubes for the Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries. He based it on the first well known cave in the system: Horse Cave.

Horse Cave was discovered in the early 1900s by a group of cowboys who, while tracking down some of their lost cattle, found the cave. In the process, the cowboys spooked a few horses who were taking shelter just inside the cave entrance. However, the first known caves in the area may have been the Redmond Caves. During the 1870s an old stage road passed by their area. Undoubtedly, many of the caves in the system were known to prehistoric Native Americans, as attributed by archeological artifacts found within. In modern times, the caves of the system have been affected in different ways; some caves are held, while others are under the jurisdiction of the city of Bend. The city of Bend holds 7 caves on their property, one of, the Oregon Moonbase; the Oregon Moonbase was a lunar base analogue site and took place in Youngs Cave circa 1990. The Department of State Lands holds 8 caves within their jurisdiction. In Redmond, the Bureau of Land Management, in conjunction with the city of Redmond, manages 5 caves.

The Deschutes National Forest holds the spatter cone caves. With so many land owners, the caves see different impacts; some examples would be: some have been filled in and paved over, a couple have been incorporated into parts of private homes, still others are seeing increased amounts of vandalism and defacement. The major threat to the caves of the Horse system is development; the expanding city of Bend threatens their existence as the city's Urban Growth Boundary envelops the caves. Once in the hands of private developers, the caves' continued presence cannot be guaranteed. In an effort to work with private owners and state regulators, the Oregon High Desert Grotto has worked to help ensure their survival. In 1995, the Grotto participated in a cave restoration project of the Horse Caves, they removed garbage from the caves only to learn that two years an equal amount of garbage had been redeposited back into the caves. So, in 1997 the Grotto did two additional cleanups in conjunction with Z21 News, Off the Map Caving Society, Youth Challenge Program of the Oregon National Guard, students from Bend and Mountain View high schools, the owner of the cave.

The collaboration was able to achieve the removal of garbage and the scrubbing of graffiti from the walls. In 2006 to 2007 members of the Grotto worked in conjunction with the Department of State Lands; the Grotto drafted maps of the 8 caves on the State's land. They consulted in the management of the caves as well as the bats known to use the sites. In 2008, the Grotto received a participation award from State leaders for their volunteer work with the state. There are 122 known caves in the system, varying from the small spatter cone and rootless vent caves, to the large and multi-lateral lava tubes. Length of the total traversable passage within the system is in excess of 22,000 feet. Only a few caves within the system are known to the public because the majority lie on private property. Over time, the popularity of the caves wax and wane, but a few seem to always remain in the local press; these include: The Horse Caves, The Redmond Caves, Stevens Cave, Lewis Farm Cave no. 1, Youngs Cave. The spatter cone caves are located at the vent for the Horse system.

Characterized by small and short surface tubes or blister cavities. Most of the spatter cone caves are within a foot or two of the surface, lie in or adjacent to the spatter cones of the vent area. There are 40 of these small spatter cone caves in the vent area. A small collection of caves similar to the spatter cone caves are located just north of the spatter cone area, they are called rootless vent caves because they are not sitting directly on the vent such as the spatter cone caves are. Their morphology is otherwise identical to the spatter cone caves; the rootless vent caves are separated from the spatter cone caves by a younger lava flow associated with Klawhop Butte. There are about 19 rootless vent caves in the Horse system; the major caves of the Horse system are lava tubes. About 63 lava tubes are presently known; some are short at about 20 feet in length, while the longest has three paralleling passages and totals 4,000 feet in length. More exist as some may not have natural entrances, some may have had entrances that have been filled in over the last 100 years.

A few other caves exist in the system. These are surface tubes, though a couple are shelters or talus caves. Redmond Caves Arnold Lava Tube System Oregon High Desert Grotto Oregon High Desert Grotto