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Reuven Rivlin

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His Excellency The Honourable
Reuven Rivlin
Reuven Rivlin as the president of Israel.jpg
10th President of Israel
Assumed office
24 July 2014
Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu
Preceded by Shimon Peres
Speaker of the Knesset
In office
10 March 2009 – 22 February 2013
Preceded by Dalia Itzik
Succeeded by Yuli-Yoel Edelstein
In office
28 February 2003 – 28 March 2006
Preceded by Avraham Burg
Succeeded by Dalia Itzik
Minister of Communications
In office
7 March 2001 – 28 February 2003
Prime Minister Ariel Sharon
Preceded by Binyamin Ben-Eliezer
Succeeded by Ariel Sharon
Personal details
Born (1939-09-09) 9 September 1939 (age 79)
Jerusalem, Mandatory Palestine
Political party Likud
Spouse(s) Nechama Rivlin
Children 4
Alma mater Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Signature
Presidential styles of
Reuven "Ruvi" Rivlin
Emblem of Israel dark blue full.svg
Reference style His Excellency, The Honorable
כבוד הנשיא‬
Spoken style Your Excellency, Honorable President
כבוד הנשיא‬
Alternative style Mr. President
אדוני הנשיא‬

Reuven "Ruvi" Rivlin (Hebrew: רְאוּבֵן "רוּבִי" רִיבְלִין‬, [ʁeʔuˈven ʁivˈlin] (About this sound listen); born 9 September 1939) is an Israeli politician and lawyer serving as the 10th and current President of Israel since 2014. He is a member of the Likud party. Rivlin was Minister of Communications from 2001 to 2003, and subsequently served as Speaker of the Knesset from 2003 to 2006, and again from 2009 to 2013. On 10 June 2014, he was elected President of Israel.[1]

Rivlin argues for a Greater Israel that would embrace all people and give the Palestinians of the West Bank and Gaza full Israeli citizenship.[2] He is also a strong supporter of minority rights, particularly for Arab Israelis.[3][4] He supports the one-state solution to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. Rivlin is fluent in Arabic.[5][6]

Early life

Reuven Rivlin was born in Jerusalem during the Mandate era to the Rivlin family, which has lived in Jerusalem since 1809. He is a descendant of students of the Vilna Gaon. His parents were Rachel "Ray" Rivlin and Yosef Yoel Rivlin, who created the first Hebrew edition of the Koran[7] and who was a candidate for third president of Israel.[8]

Rivlin attended Gymnasia Rehavia high school, and served in the Intelligence Corps of the Israel Defense Forces. During the Six-Day War, he fought with the Jerusalem Brigade and accompanied the Paratroopers Brigade as an intelligence officer. After military service, he studied law at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.[9]

Before entering politics, Rivlin served as legal advisor of the Beitar Jerusalem Sports Association, manager of the Beitar football team, and chairman of the association; member of the Jerusalem City Council; member of the El Al Board; Chairman of the Israel Institute for Occupational Safety and Hygiene; a board member of the Khan Theater, and board member of the Israel Museum.[9]

Political career

He was first elected to the 12th Knesset in 1988, and served as Likud chairman from 1988 to 1993. He lost his seat in the 1992 elections, but returned to the Knesset following the 1996 elections. Re-elected in 1999, he was appointed Minister of Communications in March 2001, serving until February 2003, when he was elected Knesset Speaker following the 2003 elections. During his term as Speaker, he was criticized for breaking the tradition of political neutrality of the post; he was one of Ariel Sharon's harshest critics regarding the disengagement plan, and had a public confrontation with Aharon Barak, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, concerning the court's authority to declare legislation illegal.[10]

Rivlin was re-elected in 2006 and 2009. He ran in the 2007 election for President as the Likud candidate. He withdrew after the first round of voting when it became clear that Kadima MK Shimon Peres had sufficiently broad support to inevitably win in a run-off.

On 30 March 2009, the Knesset elected Rivlin as Speaker with a majority of 90 votes out of 120.[11]

For his first official visit as Knesset Speaker, he chose the Arab-Israeli town of Umm al-Fahm, just south of the Galilee. He was accompanied by MKs Uri Orbach (The Jewish Home) and Afu Agbariyah (Hadash), a resident of the city.[12][13]

Since 1999, Rivlin has employed Rivka Ravitz, a Haredi woman, first as his bureau chief and campaign advisor, and, upon his election to President, as his chief of staff.[14] Ravitz is credited with managing Rivlin's successful campaigns for Knesset Speaker and President of Israel, and often accompanies him on his local appearances, as well as visits to foreign heads of state.[14][15]

President of Israel

Swearing-in ceremony of President Reuven Rivlin of Israel
President of Greece Prokopis Pavlopoulos and President of Israel Reuven Rivlin in March 2016

Rivlin was elected as the 10th President of Israel on 10 June 2014, receiving the support of 63 MKs in a runoff vote against MK Meir Sheetrit. In his bid to become President, he won support from both Arab legislators who appreciated his courtesy, and from right-wingers like Naftali Bennett and Danny Danon, who join him in a desire to make the West Bank a part of Israel proper.[16]

Rivlin was sworn in on 24 July 2014, succeeding Shimon Peres.[17] Upon his election as President, he immediately ceased being a member of the Israeli Parliament.

On March 25, 2015, Rivlin, in his role as President, officially chartered Benjamin Netanyahu with the assignment of forming a new government following elections the previous week. In his remarks during the ceremony, Rivlin noted that the first priority of the new government should be to mend the frayed relationship Israel's government has with the United States, and he expressed his disapproval of Netanyahu's election day exhortation that Arab voters were being bused to polling booths by NGOs and were voting "in droves". "One who is afraid of votes in a ballot box will eventually see stones thrown in the streets", said Rivlin.

Other critical issues he recommended the new government address included establishing greater stability to avoid early elections and "healing the wounds, mending the painful rifts, which have gaped open in the past years, and widened further in the course of this recent election".[18]

In July 2015, following Rivlin's condemnation of the firebombing of a Palestinian home by suspected Jewish extremists that resulted in the death of a Palestinian toddler, Rivlin received death threats. Rivlin labelled those who committed the violence as "terrorists", lamenting that his own people had "chosen the path of terror", and that Israel was lax in confronting Jewish religious terrorism and Jewish extremists.[19]

Views and opinions

Reuven Rivlin, with Michal Ansky, Naftali Bennett and Ofra Strauss at the Jasmine businesswomen's convention for promotion of small and medium-sized enterprises, Israel, 15 December 2014
Reuven Rivlin with Vladimir Putin during his official visit to Russia in March 2016
Rivlin with U.S. President Donald Trump, 22 May 2017
Reuven Rivlin with Angela Merkel during his official visit to Germany in September 2017

Although considered a nationalist and hawkish on the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, Rivlin is a supporter of minority rights, particularly those of the Arab-Israelis. As speaker of the Knesset, Rivlin made his first official visit to the Arab-Israeli city of Umm al-Fahm, often portrayed as a locus of anti-state and pro-Palestine sentiment and agitation.[20]

In June 2010, Rivlin ignored calls to remove Balad MK Haneen Zoabi for joining the Gaza flotilla. Rivlin's actions in defending the parliamentary rights of Zoabi were criticized by some, but others praised his courage in defending Israeli democracy.[21] The same year, a group of rabbis on government payroll called on Jewish Israelis to not rent apartments to non-Jews. Rivlin protested this declaration, saying, "In my opinion, their statement shames the Jewish people. If such a thing were said in relation to Jews anywhere on the globe, a hue and cry would be raised in Israel on the need to stand up against anti-Semitism."

When asked about conditions for African refugees in Israel Rivlin stated, "As a democrat and a Jew, I have a hard time with concentration camps, where people are warehoused."[22] In 2013, Rivlin slammed Beitar fans who chanted anti-Arab slogans when two Arab players were added to the team.[23] Rivlin told a gathering of academics: "Israeli society is sick, and it is our duty to treat this disease."[24]

In November 2014, Rivlin cancelled a scheduled performance of Amir Benayoun after the singer released an anti-Arab song.[25][26] In 2016, Rivlin forbid Balad MK Jamal Zahalka to enter the presidential residence ("Beit HaNassi"), after Zahalka and other MKs of Balad met with the families of Palestinians who were killed while attacking Israeli civilians.[27]

In 2000, Rivlin supported legislation that would make it illegal for women to wear prayer shawls. The law was not passed, but Rivlin's position on the issue led to estrangement with his American-Israeli feminist cousin, Lilly Rivlin.[28] In 2008, the Knesset choir sang the "Hatikva" at a welcoming ceremony without the female members of the choir. Rivlin admitted that as Knesset speaker, he was careful not to invite women to sing so as not to create a conflict with Orthodox Jews.[29]

Rivlin has voiced support for a version of a one-state solution, and remains a staunch supporter of Jewish settlement in the West Bank.[30] In 2010, he said that he "would rather accept Palestinians as Israeli citizens than divide Israel and the West Bank in a future two-state peace solution".[31]

Reuven Rivlin with actress Gal Gadot, Los Angeles, November 2017

According to Rivlin, Israel's fight is not with the Palestinian people or Islam, but against murderous terrorism.[32] He pointed out that Palestinians could not be expected to accept a two-state solution where "one state is an invincible superpower, and the other is sub-autonomous",[33] while declaring that, "West Bank settlements are as Israeli as Tel Aviv".[34] He told Liberian President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, "Israel is working and trying to bring an end to the tragedy with the Palestinians. We must respect the idea (of a Palestinian state) because they're here, and they must recognize the idea that the Jewish nation has returned to its homeland. These are difficult challenges when there is no trust between nations."[35]

Although not Orthodox himself, Rivlin has been critical of non-Orthodox movements in Judaism. In 1989, Rivlin referred to Reform Jews as "idol worshippers", and refused to call Reform Jewish rabbis by their title.[36][37] Prior to becoming President, he opposed granting equal status to Reform or Conservative Judaism.[38] In 2014, Rivlin said that if non-Orthodox conversion standards were adopted, Jewish status would be based on "a civic definition rather than a religious definition", echoing a Knesset speech he gave in 2006 when he declared: "I have no doubt, and my positions are known, that the status of Judaism according to halachah (Jewish law) is what has kept us going for 3,800 years."[39]

In November 2014, however, Rivlin welcomed at his residence over 50 Reform leaders on the Board of Governors of Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion and told them, "We are one family and the connection between all Jews, all over the world, is very important to the State of Israel."[40] In 2015, he did not allow a Conservative rabbi to officiate at a bar mitzvah service at his residence for disabled children who attended a program run by the Conservative movement,[41] but later hosted representatives of the Reform, Conservative, and Orthodox Jewish communities for a joint study session at the President's Residence.[42]

Rivlin once campaigned for Israel to recognize the Armenian Genocide.[43] In 2012, he said, "It is our moral duty to remember and remind of the tragedy that befell the Armenian people, who lost more than a million of its sons during the First World War, and we must not make this a political issue. I am aware of the sensitivity of this issue. But let us be clear: This is not an accusation of Turkey today or of the current Turkish government."[44] As president, he has been less vocal on this issue. Concerned about the negative reaction of Turkey if the president signed the petition, unnamed officials of the Foreign Ministry welcomed what they called Rivlin's "statesmanship".[45]

In February 2018, the Polish Prime Minister Mateusz Morawiecki stated that "there were Jewish perpetrators" of the Holocaust, "not only German perpetrators."[46] President Rivlin condemned his words: "Saying that our people collaborate with the Nazis is a new low...today, more than ever, we must work to educate the world, even some of the leaders, about that dark time."[47]

President Rivlin took part in the March of the Living in Poland on April 12, 2018. In the meeting with Polish President Andrzej Duda, he said: "There is no doubt that there were many Poles who fought the Nazi regime, but we cannot deny that Poland and Poles had a hand in the extermination."[48][49][50][51][52][53]

Personal life

He is married to Nechama Rivlin, and has four children.[54] Rivlin has been a vegetarian since the late 1960s.[55] Rivlin has been a supporter of the Beitar Jerusalem football club [56] since the age of seven, when he attended his first game.[54]

Controversy

According to the Jerusalem Post Rivlin gave a speech in 2017 that criticized Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's government's, saying he had witnessed a "continued effort to weaken the gatekeepers of Israeli democracy" and speaking also about the role of the judiciary in Israeli democracy:[57]

There is an abyss between the responsible and courageous attempt to define, after years, the relations between the legislative and judicial branches, to draw borders for judicial criticism, ask questions about appointments, aim for a more varied and representative group of judges – and the attempt to terrorize the [Supreme] Court, weaken it as an institution and invite the public to undermine its authority and rulings.

A few days after the speech graffiti in Bnei Brak appeared calling Rivlin a "Nazi apostate from Judaism". Police were called to investigate the incident.[57]

References

  1. ^ "ynet מבית"ר ירושלים לבית הנשיא: מי אתה רובי ריבלין? - חדשות". Ynet.co.il. 10 June 2014. Retrieved 2015-03-27. 
  2. ^ "Israel's democracy: Under siege too". Economist. 2010-06-17. Retrieved 2015-03-27. 
  3. ^ "Greek Patriarch praises Rivlin for defending minorities and condemning violence". Jerusalem Post. 2015-12-28. 
  4. ^ "Arab minority is invisible to Israeli Jews, president says". Times of Israel. 2015-02-08. 
  5. ^ Marsha B. Cohen (2014-06-10). "9 Facts About Israeli President Reuven Rivlin « LobeLog". Lobelog.com. Retrieved 2015-03-27. 
  6. ^ Fay, Greer (2014-10-27). "Rivlin hails Jordan's King Abdullah as 'brave' leader who wants peace". Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 2015-03-27. 
  7. ^ Marcus, Yoel (2014-06-11). "The noble history of the Rivlin clan". Haaretz. Retrieved 2015-03-27. 
  8. ^ "The Noble History of Reuven Rivlin's Family » Matzav.com - The Online Voice of Torah Jewry". Matzav.com. 2014-06-11. Retrieved 2015-03-27. 
  9. ^ a b "The 10th President of the State of Israel". president.gov.il. Retrieved 21 March 2018. 
  10. ^ "Knesset Speaker backs bill to overturn laws struck down by Israel's Supreme Court". Haaretz. 8 April 2012. Retrieved 11 June 2014. 
  11. ^ Somfalvi, Attila (March 31, 2009). "Netanyahu names Likud ministers". Ynet. 
  12. ^ Fendel, Hillel (April 19, 2009). "Likud and Jewish Home MKs Visit Umm el-Fahm". 
  13. ^ "Knesset speaker: Umm al-Fahm is an inseparable part of Israel". Haaretz. April 19, 2009. 
  14. ^ a b Frankfurter, Rechy (5 April 2017). "At the Side of the President: A conversation with Chief of Staff Rivka Ravitz". Ami Living: 134–149. 
  15. ^ Rot, Riki (24 September 2014). "חרדית ואם ל-11 ילדים: האישה שמאחורי הנשיא" [Haredi and Mother of 11 Children: The Woman Behind the President]. Israel HaYom (in Hebrew). Retrieved 22 July 2017. 
  16. ^ "Israel's One-State Reality". The New Yorker. 2014-11-17. Retrieved 2015-03-27. 
  17. ^ Arens, Moshe (2014-06-10). "Reuven Rivlin is elected Israel's 10th president - National - Israel News". Haaretz.com. Retrieved 2015-03-27. 
  18. ^ "Netanyahu Told to Mend Ties With Washington", The New York Times, 25 March 2015.
  19. ^ "Threats against Rivlin wish him fate similar to Sharon, Rabin", The Times of Israel, 1 August 2015.
  20. ^ Klein, Amy (2013-01-24). "The Rebranding of Umm al-Fahm". Hadassah Magazine. Retrieved 2015-03-27. 
  21. ^ "Under siege too". The Economist. Economist Group. 17 June 2010. Retrieved 1 July 2010. 
  22. ^ "Knesset Speaker: Racist rabbi's letter shames the Jewish people". Haaretz. Retrieved 2015-03-27. 
  23. ^ Beck, Jonathan (2013-01-27). "Knesset speaker Rivlin slams Beitar soccer fans' anti-Muslim racism". Times of Israel. Retrieved 2015-03-27. 
  24. ^ Sales, Ben (2014-10-23). "Israel's Rivlin seeks to cure 'disease' of racism". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. Retrieved 2017-03-20. 
  25. ^ "Reuven Rivlin Cancels Appearance by Israeli Singer After Anti-Arab Song". Forward. 2014-11-25. Retrieved 2015-03-27. 
  26. ^ Beck, Jonathan (2014-11-25). "President cancels singer's gig over 'racist' song". Times of Israel. Retrieved 2015-03-27. 
  27. ^ אייכנר, איתמר (24 February 2016). "נשאר בחוץ: ח"כ זחאלקה לא הוכנס לבית הנשיא". Retrieved 21 March 2018 – via Ynet. 
  28. ^ "After Vote, Spotlight Shifts to Reuven Rivlin". Forward. 2015-03-18. Retrieved 2015-03-27. 
  29. ^ "'Hatikva' belongs to women, too". Haaretz. Retrieved 2015-03-27. 
  30. ^ "Report: Hawkish new Israel president ready to meet Abbas". Maan News Agency. Retrieved 2015-03-27. 
  31. ^ Zrahiya, Zvi (2010). "Israel official: Accepting Palestinians into Israel better than two states". Haaretz. Retrieved 12 February 2011. 
  32. ^ "Reuven Rivlin sworn is as 10th president of Israel". news.biharprabha.com. IANS. 24 July 2014. Retrieved 24 July 2014. 
  33. ^ "Israeli politics: The left's Likudnik". The Economist. 29 August 2015. Retrieved 30 August 2015. 
  34. ^ "Rivlin: West Bank settlements are as Israeli as Tel Aviv". Jerusalem Post. 1 September 2015. 
  35. ^ Eichner, Itamar. "Africa's Golda Meir visits Israel." Ynetnews. 8 June 2016. 8 June 2016.
  36. ^ Sales, Ben (2014-06-02). "Reuven Rivlin, Israeli presidential front-runner, champions pluralism in politics but not Judaism | Jewish Telegraphic Agency". Jta.org. Retrieved 2015-03-27. 
  37. ^ "Reuven Rivlin Elected President of Israel". Jewishexponent.com. 2014-06-10. Retrieved 2015-03-27. 
  38. ^ Beck, Jonathan (2014-11-12). "Rivlin greets Reform Movement leaders as 'family'". Timesofisrael.com. Retrieved 2015-03-27. 
  39. ^ Reuven Rivlin, Israeli presidential front-runner, champions pluralism in politics but not Judaism Jewish Journal, 2 June 2014
  40. ^ "Reuven Rivlin Tells Reform Leaders 'We're One Family' –". Forward.com. 2014-11-12. Retrieved 2015-03-27. 
  41. ^ Rivlin invites non-Orthodox rabbis to his home in bid to mend rift Haaretz, 16 July 2015
  42. ^ [1] Times of Israel, 23 July 2015
  43. ^ "Knesset Speaker working to boost recognition of Armenian genocide". Haaretz.com. Retrieved 2015-03-27. 
  44. ^ "Rivlin: We Cannot Ignore the Armenian Genocide - Inside Israel - News - Arutz Sheva". Israelnationalnews.com. 2012-06-13. Retrieved 2015-03-27. 
  45. ^ Beck, Jonathan (2014-12-05). "Rivlin backtracks on Armenian genocide recognition". Timesofisrael.com. Retrieved 2015-03-27. 
  46. ^ "Benjamin Netanyahu attacks Polish PM for saying Jews were among perpetrators of the Holocaust". The Independent. 18 February 2018.
  47. ^ "Polish Embassy in Israel Vandalized After Polish PM's Controversial Remarks". VOA News. 18 February 2018. 
  48. ^ "President Rivlin meets with Polish President Duda of Poland in Krakow". mfa.gov.il. Retrieved 2018-04-13. 
  49. ^ Toi Staff. "Poles helped in Nazi extermination, Rivlin tells Polish counterpart". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 2018-04-13. 
  50. ^ Gary Willig. "Rivlin: Many Poles helped carry out Holocaust". Israel National News. Retrieved 2018-04-13. 
  51. ^ Ofer Aderet. "Israeli President to Polish Counterpart: We Cannot Deny That Poland and Poles Participated in Holocaust". Haaretz. Retrieved 2018-04-13. 
  52. ^ TPS. "Rivlin, Eisenkot Lead March of the Living Delegation at Auschwitz". The Jewish Link. Retrieved 2018-04-13. 
  53. ^ "Thousands attend March of the Living at Auschwitz". European Jewish Congress. Retrieved 2018-04-13. 
  54. ^ a b "Who is Ruby Rivlin, Israel's President Elect". Jewishpress.com. Retrieved 2015-03-27. 
  55. ^ "Knesset: Animals don't have legal rights". Haaretz. Retrieved 2015-03-27. 
  56. ^ "Israel's Presidential Elections: The Candidates - Inside Israel - News - Arutz Sheva". Israelnationalnews.com. Retrieved 2015-03-27. 
  57. ^ a b "Bnei Brak graffiti calls Rivlin 'Nazi apostate from Judaism' - Israel News - Jerusalem Post". Retrieved 2018-07-08. 

External links

Video clip about Reuven Rivlin
Political offices
Preceded by
Avraham Burg 		Speaker of the Knesset
2003–2006 		Succeeded by
Dalia Itzik
Preceded by
Dalia Itzik 		Speaker of the Knesset
2009–2013 		Succeeded by
Yuli-Yoel Edelstein
Preceded by
Shimon Peres 		President of Israel
2014–present 		Incumbent
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