1.
DBAG Class 423
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The Class 423 EMU is a light-weight articulated electric railcar for S-Bahn commuter networks in Germany. The train has similar dimensions to its predecessor, the Class 420 EMU, the 423 additionally has six doors in each carriage, which is down from eight on the 420. They are numbered from 423001 to 423462, both Munich and Frankfurt have ordered Class 423s for their S-Bahn systems since 1998, they were delivered between 1999 and 2004. A Class 423 unit consists of four cars that share three jacobs bogies and can only be separated at maintenance facilities, the inner two cars are designated as Class 433. A423 unit typically consists of the cars, where x is the units number,423 x 433 x 433423 e. g.423194 +433194 +433694 +423694. Different consists usually occur when the remains of destroyed units are combined to form one intact EMU
2.
DBAG Class 430
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The Class 430 EMU is an electric railcar for S-Bahn commuter networks in Germany, jointly developed by Bombardier and Alstom. The first trains are expected to be in service in 2012, in February 2009 it was announced that the 90 remaining Class 420 EMUs would be replaced by 83 newly developed Class 430 EMUs. This would be the first use of Class 430s in Germany, in May 2009, DB Regio ordered 83 trains, which are expected to be delivered between February and December 2012. DB has an option to order another 83 units, in December 2010, the option was increased from 83 to 166 units for the Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn. In October 2011, the Transport Committee of the Stuttgart Region decided to order 4 more Class 430s to cover additional services, in December 2009, the Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Ruhr announced that the Class 430 would be used, with deliveries to be completed by the end of 2012. This would give 116 vehicles total of both Class 422 and Class 430, in April 2011, it was announced that orders for additional vehicles had been canceled, due to the upcoming tender of lines S5 and S8. On those lines, the existing locomotive-hauled trains will be replaced by Class 422, in November 2011, the Rhein-Main-Verkehrsverbund announced that after the successful tender of the S-Bahn network, Class 430 would replace the current Class 420 at the 2014/2015 timetable change. This is part of the contract between the Verkehrsverbund and DB, in December 2011, DB and Bombardier announced that DB had ordered 90 vehicles. In early 2014, these trains will be used for testing and training purposes in the Frankfurt area, the walk-through multiple units of Class 430 are similar to those of the Class 422. They have a passenger area, and have gap bridging to prevent entry. The vehicles for Stuttgart are equipped with 16 surveillance cameras per train, glass shelves and they offer eight screens in each train which will currently only display information about the next station. If the supporting data is available, by 2013 they will also be able to display information about connections, the Class 430 has lower noise at startup than the Class 423 used in Stuttgart. It also has less energy consumption than the Class 420, each train will have a length of 68.3 metres -0.9 metres longer than the Class 423, but 1.1 metres shorter than the Class 422. The cab meets the EN15227 standard and is longer than that of the corresponding Class 423. The Class 430 is shorter than the class 422 because in the middle car and this was required because trains must fit alongside a 210 metres platform, with three units coupled together, the Class 430 will have a length of 204.9 metres. The trains have magnetic track brakes, the trains have more opening windows than the class 423, and larger information displays in the vestibules, similar to those on the Class 425. The information displays on the outside of the train are twice as big, the seats are in the standard DB colors, but with leather headrests. The seatbacks are ergonomically shaped and padded, the first trains will be made by the consortium of Alstom in Salzgitter and Bombardier in Hennigsdorf
3.
S-train
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The S-train is a type of hybrid urban-suburban rail serving a metropolitan region. Some of the larger S-train systems provide service similar to transit systems. There is no definition of an S-train system. S-trains are, where they exist, the most local type of railway stopping at all existing stations inside and they are slower than mainline railways but usually serve as fast crosstown services within the city. Most S-train systems are built on older local railways, or in some cases parallel to an existing dual track railway. Most use existing local mainline railway trackage, but a few branches can be purpose built S-train lines, S-trains typically use overhead lines or a third rail for traction power. In Hamburg the S-trains use both the methods, depending on which line is powered. Busy S-train corridors sometimes have sections of exclusive trackage of their own, a good example of this is the part of Berlins S-Bahn, which is regarded as a tourist attraction and has a special name, Berliner Stadtbahn. However, in more lightly used sections outside the city center, the S-trains stop at all stations, while other mainline trains only stop at the largest stations. S-trains are generally service the hinterland of a city, rather than connecting different cities. The S-Bahn Mitteldeutschland constitutes the main railway system for Leipzig but also connects to Halle. The Rostock S-Bahn is an example of a smaller S-Bahn system, many of the larger S-train systems also have central sections that individual suburban branches feed into, creating high frequency corridors. For instance, on weekdays, the section of the Copenhagen S-train has five services connecting to. Further out from the parts of a city the individual services branch off into lines with distances between stations can exceed 5 km, similar to commuter rail. This allows the S-train to serve a dual purpose, local transport within a city center. The rolling stock used in S-Trains reflect its hybrid purpose. The interior is designed for short journeys with provision for standing passengers but may have space allocated to larger. Integration with other local transport for ticketing, connectivity and easy interchange between lines or other system like metros is typical for S-trains
4.
Rapid transit
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Rapid transit, also known as heavy rail, metro, subway, tube, or underground, is a type of high-capacity public transport generally found in urban areas. The stations typically have high platforms, without steps inside the trains and they are typically integrated with other public transport and often operated by the same public transport authorities. However, some transit systems have at-grade intersections between a rapid transit line and a road or between two rapid transit lines. It is unchallenged in its ability to transport large numbers of people quickly over short distances with little use of land, variations of rapid transit include people movers, small-scale light metro, and the commuter rail hybrid S-Bahn. The worlds first rapid-transit system was the partially underground Metropolitan Railway which opened as a railway in 1863. In 1868, New York opened the elevated West Side and Yonkers Patent Railway, china has the largest number of rapid transit systems in the world. The worlds longest single-operator rapid transit system by length is the Shanghai Metro. The worlds largest single rapid transit service provider by both length of revenue track (665 miles and number of stations is the New York City Subway. The busiest rapid transit systems in the world by annual ridership are the Tokyo subway system, the Seoul Metropolitan Subway, the Moscow Metro, the Beijing Subway, Metro is the most common term for underground rapid transit systems used by non-native English speakers. One of these terms may apply to a system, even if a large part of the network runs at ground level. In Scotland, however, the Glasgow Subway underground rapid transit system is known as the Subway, in the US, underground mass transit systems are primarily known as subways, whereas the term metro is a shortened reference to a metropolitan area. In that vein, Chicagos commuter rail system, serving the area, is called Metra. Exceptions in naming rapid transit systems are Washington DCs subway system the Washington Metro, Los Angeles Metro Rail, and the Miami Metrorail, the opening of Londons steam-hauled Metropolitan Railway in 1863 marked the beginning of rapid transit. Initial experiences with steam engines, despite ventilation, were unpleasant, experiments with pneumatic railways failed in their extended adoption by cities. Electric traction was more efficient, faster and cleaner than steam, in 1890 the City & South London Railway was the first electric-traction rapid transit railway, which was also fully underground. Both railways were merged into London Underground. The 1893 Liverpool Overhead Railway was designed to use electric traction from the outset, budapest in Hungary and Glasgow, Chicago and New York all converted or purpose-designed and built electric rail services. Advancements in technology have allowed new automated services, hybrid solutions have also evolved, such as tram-train and premetro, which incorporate some of the features of rapid transit systems
5.
Commuter rail
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Trains operate following a schedule, at speeds varying from 50 to 200 km/h. Distance charges or zone pricing may be used and they primarily serve lower density suburban areas, and often share right-of-way with intercity or freight trains. Some services operate only during peak hours and others uses fewer departures during off peak hours, average speeds are high, often 50 km/h or higher. These higher speeds better serve the longer distances involved, some services include express services which skip some stations in order to run faster and separate longer distance riders from short-distance ones. The general range of commuter trains distance varies between 15 and 200 km, sometimes long distances can be explained by that the train runs between two or several cities. Distances between stations may vary, but are much longer than those of urban rail systems. In city centers the train either has a station or passes through the city centre with notably fewer station stops than those of urban rail systems. Toilets are often available on trains and in stations. Their ability to coexist with freight or intercity services in the same right-of-way can drastically reduce system construction costs, however, frequently they are built with dedicated tracks within that right-of-way to prevent delays, especially where service densities have converged in the inner parts of the network. Most such trains run on the standard gauge track. Some light rail systems may run on a narrower gauge, some countries, including Finland, India, Pakistan, Russia, Brazil and Sri Lanka, as well as San Francisco in the USA and Melbourne and Adelaide in Australia, use broad gauge track. The fact that the terminology is not standardised across countries further complicates matters, most S-bahns typically behave like commuter rail with most trackage not separated from other trains, and long lines with trains running between cities and suburbs rather than within a city. The distances between stations however, are usually short, in larger systems there is usually a high frequency metro-like central corridor in the city center where all the lines converge into. Typical examples of large city S-Bahns include Munich and Frankfurt, S-Bahns do also exist in some mid-size cities like Rostock and Magdeburg but behave more like typical commuter rail with lower frequencies and very little exclusive trackage. A similar network exists in Copenhagen called the S-tog, in Hamburg and Copenhagen, other, diesel driven trains, do continue where the S-Bahn ends. Regional rail usually provides rail services between towns and cities, rather than purely linking major population hubs in the way inter-city rail does, Regional rail operates outside major cities. Unlike Inter-city, it stops at most or all stations between cities and it provides a service between smaller communities along the line, and also connections with long-distance services at interchange stations located at junctions or at larger towns along the line. Alternative names are local train or stopping train, examples include the former BRs Regional Railways, Frances TER, Germanys DB Regio and South Koreas Tonggeun services
6.
Frankfurt Rhine-Main
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The polycentric region is named after its core city Frankfurt am Main and the two rivers Rhine and Main. Rhine-Main is a metropolitan region, but the economic size. Since the early 1970s the Frankfurt am Main metropolitan area is defined as an area encompassing the cities of Frankfurt and Offenbach and their directly neighboring districts. Only on a further, the metropolitan region also includes the cities and districts of Mainz. Eurostats Urban Audit splits the Frankfurt Rhine-Main region into four Larger Urban Zones and these zones do exclude a number of districts in the metropolitan area. The growth of the area is chiefly to be traced to the favorable communications, today however, the importance of industrial concerns has to a great extent been replaced by banking, trade and logistics. The Rhine-Ruhr is accessible via a trip on the Cologne–Frankfurt high-speed rail line. Frankfurt Airport is the busiest airport by traffic in Germany. Thereby, along with a railway connection, the area also serves as a major transportation hub. The Frankfurt/Rhine-Main metropolitan region is home to five universities and over 20 partly postgraduate colleges, the largest university is the Goethe University Frankfurt and the oldest is the University of Mainz, founded in 1477 AD
7.
Frankfurt
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The city is at the centre of the larger Frankfurt Rhine-Main Metropolitan Region, which has a population of 5.8 million and is Germanys second-largest metropolitan region after Rhine-Ruhr. Since the enlargement of the European Union in 2013, the centre of the EU is about 40 km to the east of Frankfurts CBD. Frankfurt is culturally and ethnically diverse, with half of the population. A quarter of the population are foreign nationals, including many expatriates, Frankfurt is an alpha world city and a global hub for commerce, culture, education, tourism and traffic. Its the site of many global and European headquarters, Frankfurt Airport is among the worlds busiest. Automotive, technology and research, services, consulting, media, Frankfurts DE-CIX is the worlds largest internet exchange point. Messe Frankfurt is one of the worlds largest trade fairs, major fairs include the Frankfurt Motor Show, the worlds largest motor show, the Music Fair, and the Frankfurt Book Fair, the worlds largest book fair. Frankfurt is home to educational institutions, including the Goethe University, the UAS, the FUMPA. Its renowned cultural venues include the concert hall Alte Oper, Europes largest English Theatre and many museums, Frankfurts skyline is shaped by some of Europes tallest skyscrapers. In sports, the city is known as the home of the top football club Eintracht Frankfurt, the basketball club Frankfurt Skyliners, the Frankfurt Marathon. Its the seat of German sport unions for Olympics, football, Frankfurt is the largest financial centre in continental Europe. It is home to the European Central Bank, Deutsche Bundesbank, Frankfurt Stock Exchange, the Frankfurt Stock Exchange is one of the worlds largest stock exchanges by market capitalization and accounts for more than 90 percent of the turnover in the German market. Frankfurt is considered a city as listed by the GaWC groups 2012 inventory. Among global cities it was ranked 10th by the Global Power City Index 2011, among financial centres it was ranked 8th by the International Financial Centers Development Index 2013 and 9th by the Global Financial Centres Index 2013. Its central location within Germany and Europe makes Frankfurt a major air, rail, Frankfurt Airport is one of the worlds busiest international airports by passenger traffic and the main hub for Germanys flag carrier Lufthansa. Frankfurter Kreuz, the Autobahn interchange close to the airport, is the most heavily used interchange in the EU, in 2011 human-resource-consulting firm Mercer ranked Frankfurt as seventh in its annual Quality of Living survey of cities around the world. According to The Economist cost-of-living survey, Frankfurt is Germanys most expensive city, Frankfurt has many high-rise buildings in the city centre, forming the Frankfurt skyline. It is one of the few cities in the European Union to have such a skyline and because of it Germans sometimes refer to Frankfurt as Mainhattan, the other well known and obvious nickname is Bankfurt
8.
Wiesbaden
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Wiesbaden is a city in central western Germany and the capital of the federal state of Hesse. In July 2016, it had about 288,000 inhabitants, the Wiesbaden urban area is home to approx. The city, together with nearby Frankfurt am Main, Darmstadt and Mainz, is part of the Frankfurt Rhine Main Region, Wiesbaden is one of the oldest spa towns in Europe. Its name translates to meadow baths, making reference to the hot springs and it is internationally famous for its architecture, climate, and its hot springs. At one time, Wiesbaden boasted 26 hot springs, fourteen of the springs are still flowing today. In 1970, the hosted the tenth Hessentag state festival. The city is considered the tenth richest in Germany with 113. 3% of gross domestic product, every citizen has an average annual buying power of €24,798. Wiesbaden is situated on the bank of the Rhine River, below the confluence of the Main. The city is across the Rhine from Mainz, the capital of the state of Rhineland-Palatinate. Frankfurt am Main is located about 38 kilometres east, to the north of the city are the Taunus Mountains, which trend in a northeasterly direction. The city center, the Stadtmitte, is located in the north-easternmost part of the Upper Rhine Valley at the spurs of the Taunus mountains, about 5 kilometres from the Rhine. The downtown is drained only by the valley of the Salzbach. The citys main line and the Mainz road follow this valley. Above the city center, the Salzbach is better known as the Rambach, the highest point of the Wiesbaden municipality is located northwest of the city center near the summit of the Hohe Wurzel, with an elevation of 608 metres above sea level. The lowest point is the entrance of Schierstein at 83 metres above sea level. The central square is at an elevation of 115 metres, Wiesbaden covers an area of 204 km2. It is 17.6 kilometres from north to south and 19.7 kilometres from west to east, in the north are vast forest areas, which cover 27. 4% of the urban area. In the west and east are vineyards and agricultural land, which cover 31. 1% of the area, of the municipalitys 79 kilometres -long border, the Rhine makes up 10.3 kilometres
9.
Mainz
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Mainz is the capital and largest city of the state of Rhineland-Palatinate in Germany. It was the capital of the Electorate of Mainz at the time of the Holy Roman Empire. The city is famous as the home of the invention of the printing press. Until the twentieth century, Mainz was usually referred to in English by its French name, Mainz is located on the 50th latitude, on the west bank of the river Rhine, opposite the confluence of the Main with the Rhine. The population in the early 2012 was 200,957, an additional 18,619 people maintain a primary residence elsewhere but have a home in Mainz. The city is part of the Rhein Metro area comprising 5.8 million people, Mainz can easily be reached from Frankfurt International Airport in 25 minutes by commuter railway. Mainzs history and economy are closely tied to its proximity to the Rhine river historically handling much of the regions waterborne cargo, todays huge container port hub allowing trimodal transport is located on the North Side of the town. The river also provides another positive effect, moderating Mainzs climate, after the last ice age, sand dunes were deposited in the Rhine valley at what was to become the western edge of the city. The Mainz Sand Dunes area is now a reserve with a unique landscape. When the Mainz legion camp was founded in 13/12 BC, the buildings near the Rhine River, historical sources and archaeological findings both prove the importance of the military and civilian Mogontiacum as a port city on the Rhine. The Roman stronghold or castrum Mogontiacum, the precursor to Mainz, was founded by the Roman general Drusus perhaps as early as 13/12 BC. As related by Suetonius the existence of Mogontiacum is well established by four years later, although the city is situated opposite the mouth of the Main river, the name of Mainz is not from Main, the similarity being perhaps due to diachronic analogy. Main is from Latin Menus, the name the Romans used for the river, linguistic analysis of the many forms that the name Mainz has taken on make it clear that it is a simplification of Mogontiacum. The name appears to be Celtic and ultimately it is, however, it had also become Roman and was selected by them with a special significance. Mogontiacum was an important military town throughout Roman times, probably due to its position at the confluence of the Main. The town of Mogontiacum grew up between the fort and the river, the castrum was the base of Legio XIIII Gemina and XVI Gallica, XXII Primigenia, IIII Macedonica, I Adiutrix, XXI Rapax, and XIIII Gemina, among others. Mainz was also a base of a Roman river fleet, the Classis Germanica, remains of Roman troop ships and a patrol boat from the late 4th century were discovered in 1982/86 and may now be viewed in the Museum für Antike Schifffahrt. A temple dedicated to Isis Panthea and Magna Mater was discovered in 2000 and is open to the public
10.
Offenbach am Main
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Offenbach am Main is a city in Hesse, Germany, located on the left bank of the river Main and part of the Frankfurt Rhein-Main urban area. Offenbach has a population of 126,934, in the 20th century the citys economy was dominated by the machine-building and leather industries, and it was also a major centre of the typography and design industries. Other important industries are the automobile and pharmaceutical industries, during the Second World War the city suffered heavily from bombing by the Allied Forces. More than half of the population have a non-German background, with Turks, former Yugoslavs, Arabs, Italians, Greeks. The inner town of Offenbach is quite large and has only a few suburbs, in the east the three incorporated, Bürgel, Bieber, and Rumpenheim. In the south are the newer suburbs Lauterborn and Rosenhöhe, Tempelsee, the office town Kaiserlei, the newest suburb is Mathildenviertel in the center near to the Main river. The first documented reference to a suburb of Offenbach appears in 770, in a document of the Holy Roman Emperor Otto II dating to 977 exists the first mention of the place of Offenbach. During the Middle Ages Offenbach passed through many hands and it was destroyed by fire in 1564 and rebuilt in 1578. A year later it was given to the Grand Duchy of Hesse-Darmstadt, always very close to the city centre of Frankfurt, Offenbach was a popular location for business. The town has its own trade fair, and many companies have opened facilities here because there are fewer restrictions, the town was more cosmopolitan than Frankfurt, famous people such as Goethe and Mozart visited it several times. The Rumpenheim Palace and its park were a destination for monarchs in the 19th century. The city was ruled by Grand Dukes of Hesse and by Rhine until the monarchy was abolished in 1918. During the Second World War a third of the city was destroyed by Allied bombing, with the new district Lauterborn the city was expanded to the south in the 1960s. On the border with Frankfurt, the office district Kaiserlei was built, Offenbach is a so-called ´Sozialer Brennpunkt because of unemployment, poverty, gang related crime and migration. Offenbach am Main is twinned with, Offenbach has a large non-German population, in 2016, foreign nationals made up 37% of the population. The largest communities are, in order, from Turkey, Greece, Romania, Poland. Until the end of the 17th century, Offenbach remained a town with less than a thousand habitants. With the coming into power of the earl Johann Philipp in 1685, the city began to develop, in the 19th century the city became industrialized and the population increased even tenfold
11.
Hanau
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Hanau is a town in the Main-Kinzig-Kreis, in Hesse, Germany. It is located 25 km east of Frankfurt am Main and its station is a major railway junction and it has a port on the river Main, making it an important transport centre. Hanau is known for being the birthplace of Jakob and Wilhelm Grimm, since the 16th century it was a centre of precious metal working with many goldsmiths. It is home to Heraeus, one of the largest family-owned companies in Germany, in 1963, the town hosted the third Hessentag state festival. Until 2005, Hanau was the centre of the Main-Kinzig-Kreis. The historic core of Hanau is situated within a semicircle of the river Kinzig which flows into the river Main just west of the town, after this change, Hanau for the first time also extended to the south bank of the Main river. The name is derived of Hagenowe which is an out of Haag. As a place of settlement Hanau was first mentioned in 1143, then it was the site of a castle which used the waters of the river Kinzig as a defense. The castle belonged to a family, calling themselves of Hanau since the 13th century. Starting from this castle a village developed and became a town in 1303, as a result of this history, the main church of Hanau stood outside its walls in the village of Kinzdorf. The villagers moved into the town, Kinzdorf became a village leaving only the church. Only in the 15th century was the status of the Hanau parish church transferred to the church of Mary Magdalene within the town walls, shortly after the first town walls were built at the beginning of the 14th century, the town outgrew this limit. These new fortifications enclosed three elements, The medieval castle, the town of Hanau and the Vorstadt. At the end of the 16th century, Count Philipp Ludwig II attracted Protestant refugees from the Netherlands and this was of high economic interest for him because these Walloons brought high-class trade, their knowledge of jewellery and other production of luxury items and therefore taxes to his county. Out of this tradition, goldsmiths are still trained in Hanau, Hanau also was the site of the first workshop to produce Faience within Germany. These new citizens were granted privileges and they formed their own community, church and it took more than 200 years to amalgamate both. The new town – larger than the old one – was protected by a very modern fortification in Baroque-style which proved a big asset only a few years later in the Thirty Years War. The town survived a siege in 1637 with only minor damage, in 1736 Johann Reinhard III of Hanau-Lichtenberg, the last of the Counts of Hanau, died
12.
Darmstadt
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Darmstadt is a city in the state of Hesse in Germany, located in the southern part of the Rhine-Main-Area. Darmstadt has a population around 150,000, the Darmstadt Larger Urban Zone has 430,993 inhabitants. Darmstadt holds the official title City of Science as it is a centre of scientific institutions, universities. The existence of the elements were also confirmed at GSI Centre for Heavy Ion Research, nihonium, flerovium, moscovium, livermorium. Darmstadt is also the seat of the worlds oldest pharmaceutical company, Merck, Darmstadt was formerly the capital of a sovereign country, the Grand Duchy of Hesse and its successor, the Peoples State of Hesse, a federal state of Germany. As the capital of an increasingly prosperous duchy, the city gained some international prominence, in the 20th century, industry, as well as large science and electronics sectors became increasingly important, and are still a major part of the citys economy. It is also home to the football club SV Darmstadt 98, Darmstadt, Indiana was named after Darmstadt and for the former Royal Family. The name Darmstadt first appears towards the end of the 11th century, the origins of the name are unknown. Dar-mund in Middle Low German is translated as Boggy Headlands, even locals often believe, incorrectly, that the name derives from the Darmbach. In fact, the received its current name much later, after the city. Darmstadt was chartered as a city by the Holy Roman Emperor Ludwig the Bavarian in 1330, the city, then called Darmstait, became a secondary residence for the counts, with a small castle established at the site of the current, much larger edifice. When the house of Katzenelnbogen became extinct in 1479, the city was passed to the Landgraviate of Hesse, the city grew in population during the 19th century from little over 10,000 to 72,000 inhabitants. A polytechnical school, which became a Technical University now known as TU Darmstadt, was established in 1877. In the beginning of the 20th century, Darmstadt was an important centre for the art movement of Jugendstil, annual architectural competitions led to the building of many architectural treasures of this period. Also during this period, in 1912 the chemist Anton Kollisch, working for the pharmaceutical company Merck, Darmstadts municipal area was extended in 1937 to include the neighbouring localities of Arheilgen and Eberstadt, and in 1938 the city was separated administratively from the surrounding district. Darmstadt was the first city in Germany to force Jewish shops to close in early 1933, the shops were only closed for one day, for endangering communal order and tranquility. In 1942, over 3,000 Jews from Darmstadt were first forced into a camp located in the Liebigschule. Darmstadt was first bombed on 30 July 1940, and 34 other air raids would follow before the wars end, the old city centre was largely destroyed in a British bombing raid on 11 September 1944
13.
Frankfurt City Tunnel
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The Frankfurt City Tunnel is standard gauge railway in Frankfurt and the core of the Rhine-Main S-Bahn. The line runs underground for its entire length, the first section was put into operation on 28 May 1978 to Hauptwache. The Main Railway service, was introduced shortly later, the line runs northeast for about 700 metres from the central station to Taunusanlage station, built on the site of the old city walls near the Alte Oper and the Deutsche Bank Twin Towers. The tunnel bends to the east and after 250 metres it joins Tunnel C of the Frankfurt U-Bahn, in 1983, the city tunnel was extended, largely in a cut and cover tunnel,600 metres to the east beneath the Zeil to Konstablerwache. This section is also a joint tunnel with the U-Bahn, the S-Bahn lines run between the U-Bahn lines, the tunnel has a train frequency of roughly 28 trains per hour in each direction, that is one train every two minutes. During the rush hour the frequency is one train every two minutes. The next major phase of construction followed in 1990 when the line was extended in a southeasterly direction, Ostendstraße station was built between the streets of Hanauer Landstrasse and Ostendstraße. 300 meters further south the route crosses the Main, the tunnel was built by digging a trench in the river bottom and sinking the tunnel tubes into it, half the river at a time. At the South station the S-Bahn connects with regional and main line services was built, trams, the second section, which was completed in 1992, branches off to the east on the Sachsenhausen side after the passage under the Main towards Muhlberg. Then the line comes to the prior for a few kilometres until the next station at Offenbach-Kaiserlei where the Offenbach City Tunnel begins. This underground section has three stations and ends at Offenbach Ost station, where the Rodgau line branches off. Between Konstablerwache and Ostendstraße stations the entrance for a tunnel branching towards Frankfurt East station was built for the proposed north Main branch of the S-Bahn to Hanau
14.
Rhein-Main-Verkehrsverbund
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The Rhein-Main-Verkehrsverbund is the transport network of the Frankfurt Metropolitan Area in Germany. Its head office is located in Hofheim im Taunus and it is currently the second largest transport network in terms of area covered and was the largest in the world at the time of its foundation in 1995. The RMV is a transportation association operated by 15 counties,11 independent cities and its area covers large parts of Southern Hesse, Central Hesse and parts of Eastern Hesse, as well as the city of Mainz in the Rhineland-Palatinate. The Frankfurter Verkehrsverbund, covering the Rhine-Main area, was incorporated into the RMV and it manages investment in and fares for the Frankfurt U-Bahn and the Rhein-Main S-Bahn. List of rail services of the Rhein-Main-Verkehrsverbund List of German transport associations Official website Official website
15.
DB Regio
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DB Regio AG is a subsidiary of Deutsche Bahn which operates short and medium distance commuter train services in Germany. Unlike its long-distance counterpart DB Fernverkehr, DB Regio does not operate trains on its own account, services are ordered and paid for by the Bundesländer or their Landkreise. Some states have awarded long-term contracts to DB Regio, ÖstgötaTrafiken has given DB Regio Sverige a contract to operate local trains for 10 years from December 12,2010. Since Deutsche Bahns purchase of Arriva in January 2010, DB Regios operations in the United Kingdom are now known as Arriva UK Trains
16.
Deutsche Bahn
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Deutsche Bahn AG is a German railway company. Headquartered in Berlin, it is a private company, with the Federal Republic of Germany being its single shareholder. It carries about two billion passengers each year, Deutsche Bahn came into existence in 1994 as the successor to the former state railways of Germany, the Deutsche Bundesbahn of West Germany and the Deutsche Reichsbahn of East Germany. It also gained ownership of railway assets in West Berlin held by the Verwaltung des ehemaligen Reichsbahnvermögens. There are three periods of development in this unified German railway, its formation, its early years. At its creation, Deutsche Bahn took over the abbreviation and logo DB from the West German state railway Deutsche Bundesbahn, erik Spiekermann designed the new corporate font DB Type. However, these plans have been put on hold, and the Bahntower leased for at least three more years, the second step of the Bahnreform was carried out in 1999. This new organisational scheme was introduced not least to implement European Community directive 91/440/EEC that demands access to railway systems free of discrimination. In December 2007, DB reorganised again, bringing all passenger services into its DB Bahn arm, logistics under DB Schenker and infrastructure, the DB is owned by the Federal Republic. By the Constitution, the Federal Republic is required to retain a majority of the infrastructure stocks, in 2008, it was agreed to partially private DB, with 25% of the business to be sold to the private sector. However the onset of the Financial crisis of 2007–08 saw this cancelled, in World war II the Deutsche Reichsbahn helped the Nazis to deport the Jews from Greece. As of 2016, the company currently lacks a management director, other members of the board include, Dr. The DB group is divided into five main groups, Arriva, DB Bahn, DB Dienstleistungen, DB Netze. These subsidiaries are companies in their own right, although most of them are 100% owned by DBAG, Deutsche Bahn placed a bid in May 2010 for the UK-based transport company Arriva. Arriva runs bus and rail companies in 12 European countries, the merger was approved by the European Commission in August 2010, subject to DB divesting Arriva services in Germany. The merger became effective on 27 August 2010, services in the UK formerly run as DB Regio are now operated by a new subdivision of the company, Arriva UK Trains. It operates the Arriva Trains Wales, Chiltern Railways, CrossCountry, Grand Central, on 1 April 2016 Arriva became the operator of the Northern rail franchise. It also holds a 50% shareholding in London Overground Rail Operations and has lodged an application to operate services under the Great North Western Railway brand, in November 2016, Arriva Rail London will commence operating the London Overground concession in its own right
17.
Frankfurt Hauptwache station
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Frankfurt Hauptwache station is a major train station in the city centre of Frankfurt, Germany. It is served by eight S-Bahn lines and six U-Bahn lines, the underground station is named after a baroque building which stands on a plaza above the station. The Hauptwache building was constructed in 1730 and was used as a prison, today the square surrounding the building is also called Hauptwache. Hauptwache station is situated at the end of Frankfurt’s main shopping street. Konstablerwache station is located at the end of the Zeil. In 1961 the Frankfurt city council agreed to build a U-Bahn network, construction began in 1963 on a line between the Nordweststadt and the city centre. The first section opened in 1968 from Nordweststadt to Hauptwache, which was the terminus of the line until 1973 and this line is now used by trains on lines U1–U3. In 1986 the east-west route C opened, which is used by trains on lines U6, Hauptwache was the terminus of the S-Bahn until 1983, when the line was extended to Konstablerwache, at the other end of the Zeil shopping street. In 1986 the tramline serving Hauptwache was closed
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Trams in Frankfurt am Main
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The Frankfurt am Main tramway network is a network of tramways forming a major part of the public transport system in Frankfurt am Main, a city in the federal state of Hesse, Germany. As of 2012, there were 10 tram lines, along with two lines and one heritage tourist tramline. The network was also integrated into the Frankfurt U-Bahn, with the systems sharing both street running and reserved track. In 2012, the network had 136 stations, and a route length of 67.25 kilometres. In the same year, the network carried 49.9 million passengers, the network is the oldest light rail system in the city, the first horse tram lines having started operations in 1872. It includes one of the first electric tramways in the world, for many decades in the mid-20th century, it was the firm policy that Frankfurts trams would eventually be phased out and replaced by buses and extensions of the U-Bahn. With the start of construction of the Frankfurt U-Bahn closures began in 1963 on the tram, underground and S-Bahn should replace the trams in the medium completely. The first metro line was opened in 1968, the second in 1974, any progress in the rail network led to the closure of tram lines in order to avoid inefficient parallel traffic. This led to increasing criticism of this concept, culminating in public protests, within a year, nearly 60,000 people signed for the preservation of the tram lines. Newspapers, radio and television devoted to the conflict, even personalities like Professor Bernhard Grzimek and the subsequent DGB regional chairman Dieter Hooge expressed public criticism of the concept. As a result of protests, the Regierungspräsidium Darmstadt rejected on 27 May 1986. The Frankfurt Mayor Wolfram Brück criticized this decision and threatened with the withdrawal of Frankfurt from the Frankfurter Verkehrsverbund, two days before the scheduled opening of the new subway route shifted bridge the opening of the underground indefinitely and banned all opening ceremonies. Only a few weeks later signaled the CDUs willingness to get the old town route bus No.11, in turn, the provincial government Hartmut Wierscher renounced the maintenance of three additional lines. The preservation of the old town route finally ushered in a point in urban transport policy. In the follow-up period the tram by Offenbach always more than was unwanted viewed, to monitor the speed limit of 7 km/h in the pedestrian area of Offenbach Marktplatz, a speed measuring system was set up specifically for the tram by Offenbach. It was finally closed on 1 June 1996 to Offenbach Marktplatz, but since the beginning of the 1990s, the direction of Frankfurts urban traffic policy has changed and its tramways have been renovated and expanded, with a new route, Line 18, opening in 2011. The future for the trams in Frankfurt are under discussion, and furthermore that on Reuterweg and Mainzer Landstraße two lanes in each directions are needed to cover the high amount of individual traffic and could not be dedicated as a tram line. In addition, researches resulted in the fact that a tram on this line would not be faster than the current bus service
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Frankfurt U-Bahn
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The Frankfurt U-Bahn, together with the Rhine-Main S-Bahn and the Frankfurt Straßenbahn, forms the backbone of the public transport system of Frankfurt, Hesse, Germany. Its name derives from the German term for underground, Untergrundbahn, since 1996, the U-Bahn has been owned and operated by Verkehrsgesellschaft Frankfurt, the public transport company of Frankfurt, and is part of the Rhein-Main-Verkehrsverbund transit association. The U-Bahn opened in 1968, and has expanded several times. It consists of three inner-city tunnels and above-ground lines in the suburbs, about 59% of the track length is underground. The network consists of 86 stations on nine lines, with a length of 64.85 kilometres. Eight of the nine lines travel through the city center, in 2012, the U-Bahn carried 117.3 million passengers, an average of approximately 321,000 passengers per day. Planning began in the 1950s to replace the overburdened streetcars with a more robust public transit system, the various local political parties put forward plans for a full U-Bahn, a streetcar system with an underground section downtown, and an elevated railway, respectively. The U-Bahn opened on 4 October 1968, with the route from Hauptwache to Nordweststadt. net
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Frankfurt Konstablerwache station
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Frankfurt am Main Konstablerwache station is a major train station and metro station at the Konstablerwache square in the city centre of Frankfurt am Main, Germany. It is served by eight S-Bahn lines, four U-Bahn lines, the name Konstablerwache refers to an armoury that was established in 1544 for the defence of Frankfurt, the term constable was then used in Frankfurt for a military rank in the artillery. Although this building was destroyed in 1886 the name has continued to be applied to the plaza. Konstablerwache station is situated at the end of Frankfurt’s main shopping street. Hauptwache station, the third busiest rapid transit station in Frankfurt, is located at the end of the Zeil. At the start of 20th century Konstablerwache was one of the key hubs of Frankfurt trams, the modern U-Bahn was built in the early 70s and line B1 was opened in 1974. In 1983 the S-Bahn was extended through the City Tunnel under the Zeil from Hauptwache to Konstablerwache, in 1986 the inaugurations of operations through the Zeil tunnels was completed when U-Bahn services commenced on lines U6 and U7. In 1978 tram operations were discontinued at Konstablerwache and ended in Große Friedberger street, in 1999, the first new tram line was opened since the construction of the U-Bahn began along Kurt Schumacher and Konrad Adenauer streets. The route is served by line 12, which returns to its old route. A new tram line that is being built to the estate of Frankfurter Bogen to the east of Preungesheim will connect with Konstablerwache. As in the case of Hauptwache station, Konstablerwache station has a distribution level. In addition to giving access to the platforms, it mainly as a shopping mall. Below this is a section of a road tunnel that was never completed. One floor below, on level C, is the station for U-Bahn lines U4. The western track is used by line U5 towards Frankfurt Hauptbahnhof, the eastern track is used by both line U5 towards Preungesheim and U4 towards Seckbach Landstraße. Underneath, on level D, are the aplatforms for the S-Bahn and U-Bahn lines U6, the S-Bahn and U-Bahn share the two island platforms to make interchange easier. The two outer tracks are used by the U-Bahn and the two tracks by the S-Bahn. In 2010 there was created by the French artist group CitéCréation and her subsidiary CreativeStadt in Potsdam a Trompe-lœil in the metro station, the artwork show different motifs from Lyon and Frankfurt am Main, which are connected by a fictitious transportation
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Frankfurt (Main) Hauptbahnhof
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Frankfurt Hauptbahnhof, often abbreviated as Frankfurt Hbf and sometimes translated as Frankfurt central station, is the busiest railway station in Frankfurt, Germany. The name affix Main comes from the full name, Frankfurt am Main. In terms of traffic, Frankfurt Hauptbahnhof is the busiest railway station in Germany. With about 450,000 passengers per day, the station is the second busiest railway station in Germany and those three stations were placed beside each other on the then Gallustor. This situation was considered due to rising passenger figures in the 19th century. At first, a large station with up to 34 platforms was considered. Post and baggage handlings had their own facilities, and the city council demanded the station to be moved further away from the city. The new station was placed about 1 km to the west of the first three stations, the platforms were covered by three iron-and-glass halls. The station was built by the contractor Philipp Holzmann with construction starting in 1883, the Central-Bahnhof Frankfurt was finally opened on 18 August 1888. Right on the evening of the day, a train ran over the buffer stop. Over the course of the few years, the area to the east of the new station. Until the completion of Leipzig Hauptbahnhof in 1915, Frankfurt station was the largest in Europe, as of today, the 24 platforms with 26 tracks on one level probably make it the worlds largest one-level railway hall. In 1924 two neoclassical halls were added on each side of the hall, increasing the number of platforms to 24. During World War II, the building was partly damaged, in 1956 the station was fully electrified. One year later, Europes then-largest signal box was commissioned, which, between 2002 and 2006, the roof construction, which is a listed building, was renovated. This involved the exchange of aged steel girders, reinstallation of windows that were replaced by panels after World War II, the operational part of the station is being remodeled as well, the old signal box has been recently replaced with an electronic signal box. This was vital to improve capacity of the station, the new signal box became operational in late 2005 and will allow faster speeds into the station after the remodelling of the tracks. The appearance of the station is divided into perron and vestibule, dominant in those parts built in 1888 are Neo-Renaissance features, the outer two halls, added in 1924 follow the style of neoclassicism
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S1 (Rhine-Main S-Bahn)
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The S1 service of the S-Bahn Rhein-Main system bearing the KBS number 645.1 is an important railway connection running east-west. It operates between the Hesse state capital Wiesbaden and the southern Offenbach rural district serving the densely populated area along the Main river. With a route length of over 70 km,30 stations, the average speed of travel is about 49.72 km/h and a station distance of about 2 km. Usually DBAG Class 423 railcars are used on this service and its predecessor class 420 is only used for shortened shuttle services. The about 31 km long route crosses the southern part of Wiesbaden, the Main-Taunus-Kreis, the service uses the existing double track route together with national, regional, and freight transportation. The Taunus Railway was opened in stages between 26 September 1839 and 19 May 1840 and has been used by S-Bahn services since 1978, between Farbwerke and Frankfurt-Griesheim this service shares the Main-Lahn line with freight and shunting operations. National and regional services use the parallel running Taunus railway in this section, the Main-Lahn railway was completed on 15 October 1877 and has been used by S-Bahn services since 1978. The city tunnel is an underground, pure S-Bahn route used by almost all services, the tunnel was opened in four stages in 1978,1983,1990 and 1992. In a short section between Mühlberg and Offenbach-Kaiserlei the South Main railway is used, the section from Mühlberg to Offenbach Ost through the Offenbach City Tunnel was opened in 1995. This line was opened in 1896 and has used since 2003 only by S-Bahn services. The S1 was one of the first six services of the Rhine-Main S-Bahn system, in a prior test operation it ran between Wiesbaden Central Station and Frankfurt Central Station. The service was then called R1 where the letter R stands for regional, after the opening of the Frankfurt Citytunnel the service was renamed to S1 and extended to the new Hauptwache underground station. Further extensions of the tunnel followed in 1983 and 1990 so that the Südbahnhof became the eastern terminal. In 1992 the eastern branch of the Citytunnel to the Mühlberg station was opened, with the opening of the Offenbach Citytunnel, the service was extended eastwards to the station Offenbach Ost. In 2003 the Rodgau railway was included, after two years of construction work this route was changed to S-Bahn operation. Since then the new terminal station is Rödermark-Ober-Roden
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Wiesbaden Hauptbahnhof
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Wiesbaden Hauptbahnhof is a railway station for the city of Wiesbaden, the state capital of the German state of Hesse. It is a station at the southern edge of the city centre and is used by more than 40,000 travelers each day. It is classified by Deutsche Bahn as a category 2 station, the current station replaced three stations in the city centre, which were next to each other near the fairground and the Wiesbaden Museum. These were, The Taunusbahnhof, built in 1840 for the Taunus Railway (Wiesbaden–Castel–Höchst–Frankfurt, the Rheinbahnhof, built in 1857 for the East Rhine railway. The Ludwigsbahnhof, built in 1879 for the Ländches Railway, the new station building became necessary to handle the growing number of passenger visiting the spa city at that time. It was built from 1904 to 1906 according to the plans of Fritz Klingholz in a flamboyant neo-baroque style that corresponded to a style of architecture adopted for spa towns. It was also intended to welcome Kaiser Wilhelm II on his visit to the spa every May, the first train ran into the new station on 15 November 1906 around 2,23 a. m. In the station building the relics of the images of crowned heads, with the faces removed. During the period up to the First World War the town developed towards the new station, on 25 September 1983, the Hauptbahnhof was affected by the closure of a line. Passenger services were discontinued between Wiesbaden and Bad Schwalbach on the Aar Valley Railway, one of the long-term consequences was the decommissioning and dismantling of station track 11 so that the station now has only 10 tracks. Wiesbaden Hauptbahnhof was extensively refurbished and modernised at a cost of €25 million between 2003 and 2004, a redesign of the forecourt, costing €1.5 million, was carried out between mid-2006 and March 2007. The modernisation should have completed with the opening of the high-speed line to Cologne. Next door is the Lilien-Carré shopping centre opened in March 2007 on the site of the main post office. As part of the stimulus package, the train shed roofs have been renovated at a cost of €35 million since late 2010. Wiesbaden Hauptbahnhof is connected to the Cologne-Frankfurt high-speed line by the approximately 13.0 km long Breckenheim–Wiesbaden line opened in 2002 and this line had been subjected to extensive analysis and discussions by 1990. Three options were investigated, an alignment of the route of the high-speed line through Wiesbaden station. This option was originally premised on the route of the line running generally along the bank of the Rhine. Possible station sites were tested in the Hainerberg district, near Wiesbaden Ost station, only in the case of Wiesbaden Ost was a link to the S-Bahn possible and in all three cases connections to public transport would have had to be changed
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Offenbach Ost station
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Offenbach Ost station is the second most important station after Offenbach Hauptbahnhof of Offenbach am Main in the German state of Hesse. Today it is served exclusively by the Rhine-Main S-Bahn, Offenbach Ost station was opened on 15 November 1873 on the Frankfurt-Hanau line. On 30 October 1896 the Rodgau Railway was opened, line S1 of the Rhine-Main S-Bahn has been operating on the Rodgau railway since 2003, not to Reinheim, but only as far as Rödermark-Ober-Roden station. Between Dieburg and Reinheim the line has been dismantled, on 23 May 1995, the Offenbach City Tunnel was opened. S-Bahn lines S1, line S2, line S8 and line S9 run through the tunnel to Wiesbaden Hauptbahnhof or Niedernhausen via Frankfurt Hauptbahnhof underground. Simultaneously with the opening of the S-Bahn tunnel, an S-Bahn line was opened parallel with the Frankfurt-Hanau line, since its opening that has been operated by services of S-Bahn lines S8 and S9 to Hanau. The station has three tracks that are used for S-Bahn services on lines S1, S2, S8. There is no platform on the line used by regional and long distance services on the south Main railway any more and its tracks. At the western end of the station, two run into the tunnel towards Frankfurt and one track runs to Offenbach Hauptbahnhof. This track was used regularly by line S2. At the eastern end of the station, the S-Bahn line branches at a junction towards Hanau. Between the branches there are sidings for parking S-Bahn trains, as trains from Frankfurt terminate at Offenbach Ost. The city of Offenbach has proposed that this station be renamed Offenbach Hauptbahnhof because it has better transport connections than the current Offenbach Hauptbahnhof, all S-Bahn services run at 30 minute intervals. In the peak hour, extras services are run so that each services runs at 15-minute intervals, in the peak hour lines S8 and S9 run on almost the same route, generally at 15 minute intervals. Line S8 runs only during the hour to Hanau. Line S1 services sometimes begin in Offenbach Ost and then just runs to Frankfurt-Höchst or Hochheim, prior to 14 June 2010, some S2 services ran from Offenbach Ost to Offenbach Hauptbahnhof because of lack of capacity in the Frankfurt S-Bahn tunnels. These now all run through the tunnels, Offenbach Ost Station is served by bus lines 102,103,106,107, V07, V17, V20 and the Frankfurt night bus line n61. These buses are operated by the Regionalverkehr Kurhessen and Offenbacher Verkehrs-Betriebe, die Eisenbahn in Offenbach und im Rodgau
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S2 (Rhine-Main S-Bahn)
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The S2 service of the S-Bahn Rhein-Main system bearing the KBS number 645.2 is a railway connection between the small Taunus town Niedernhausen and Dietzenbach. Usually DBAG Class 423 railcars are used on this service and its predecessor class 420 is only used for shortened shuttle services. The service uses the tracks of the Main-Lahn Railway between Niedernhausen and Frankfurt Central Station and this route is also used by regional trains in the section Niedernhausen–Frankfurt-Höchst. Between Frankfurt-Höchst and Central Station this service shares the Main-Lahn line with freight, national and regional services use the parallel running Taunus railway in this section. The Main-Lahn railway was completed on 15 October 1877 and has been used by S-Bahn services since 1978, the city tunnel is an underground, pure S-Bahn route used by almost all services. The tunnel was opened in four stages in 1978,1983,1990 and 1992, in a short section between Mühlberg and Offenbach-Kaiserlei the South Main railway is used. The section from Mühlberg to Offenbach Ost through the Offenbach City Tunnel was opened in 1995 and this line was opened in 1896 and has been used since 2003 only by S-Bahn services. This line was opened on 1 December 1898 and has used since 2003 only by S-Bahn services. The S2 was one of the first six services of the Rhine-Main S-Bahn system, in a prior test operation it ran between Niedernhausen and Frankfurt Central Station. The service was then called R2 where the letter R stands for regional, in 1975 the R2 was the systems first service employing the class 420 trainset. After the opening of the Frankfurt Citytunnel the service was renamed to S2, further extensions of the tunnel followed in 1983 and 1990 so that the Südbahnhof became the services eastern terminal. In 2002, Eppstein-Bremthal station was completed increasing the number of stations to 18, in 2003 the Offenbach Citytunnel and the Rodgau railway was included. After two years of work this route was changed to S-Bahn operation. Since then the new terminal station is Dietzenbach. In 2007 the new Frankfurt-Zeilsheim station was included to the S2 service, Niedernhausen – Dietzenbach Niedernhausen – Offenbach Ost Niedernhausen – Frankfurt Hbf Hofheim – Frankfurt Hbf Griesheim – Dietzenbach Offenbach Ost – Dietzenbach traffiQ Frankfurt – S2 timetable
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Niedernhausen station
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Niedernhausen station serves the municipality of Niedernhausen in the German state of Hesse. It is the most important station on the Main-Lahn Railway between the stations of Frankfurt-Höchst and Eschhofen in Limburg an der Lahn and it is the terminus of the Ländches Railway running from Niedernhausen to Wiesbaden Hauptbahnhof and of line S2 of the Rhine-Main S-Bahn from Frankfurt. Niedernhausen station was opened by the Hessian Ludwig Railway with the Main-Lahn Railway from Frankfurt to Limburg in 1877, the last section of the route between Frankfurt-Höchst and Idstein was opened on 15 October 1877. This completed the link between the Rhine-Main area and the Limburg Basin, as a railway junction station Niedernhausen received a roundhouse with a turntable, a water tower, a coal bunker and sidings for the operation of steam locomotives. The engine shed and water tower now have heritage protection, the first station building was built in 1880. It was replaced on 1 January 1906 by a new building. The station was instrumental in the revival of the small town, from the turn of the century, Niedernhausen became a health resort as its spa guests could now easily arrive by train. In 1913, with the construction of the track, the level crossing to the neighbouring community of Königshofen was replaced by a modern railway overbridge. In the Second World War, the station was the target of air attacks. The heaviest of them was on 22 February 1945, destroying the building, large parts of the railway tracks,30 locomotives. A new station building was built with an interlocking, the number of railway employees rose to 100 people. The shift of freight transport to trucks later led to the closure of services at the station. With the end of the steam era in October 1973. On 25 August 1975, the Rhine-Main S-Bahn commenced operations and Niedernhausen was the terminus of line R2, from 1978, it ran through the new Frankfurt S-Bahn tunnel from the Frankfurt Hauptbahnhof low level to Hauptwache. In 1983, the Frankfurt S-Bahn tunnel was extended from Hauptwache to Konstablerwache, the electrification of the line to Limburg was completed in 1988. Since 2004 the Ländches Railway has been operated by vectus Verkehrsgesellschaft, the central bus station of the municipality is in front of to the station building. During construction of the Cologne–Frankfurt high-speed line, a track ran temporarily from the station to the high-speed line and this temporary connection was used for track laying on the new line. It climbed gradients of up to 5.5 percent, einheit 231, Niedernhausen–Waldems-Wüstems - This line connects the community of Waldems to the S-Bahn
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Dietzenbach station
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Dietzenbach station is the terminus of the Offenbach-Bieber–Dietzenbach railway in the German state of Hesse. The station is now used exclusively by line S2 of the Rhine-Main S-Bahn, the entrance building is protected as a monument. The station is classified by Deutsche Bahn as a category 6 station, Dietzenbach station was established on 1 December 1898 together with the opening of the Offenbach-Bieber–Dietzenbach railway, a branch line of the Rodgau Railway. From the beginning all passenger services on the line started here, labourers and craftsmen used the line to commute to their jobs in Offenbach am Main and Frankfurt and local farmers benefited from having faster transportation to the markets of the major cities. Traffic to Dietzenbach flourished in the period after the Second World War, in 1959 there were still 25 daily trains to Offenbach, but in 1978 there were only five. On 18 June 1982, passenger services were closed to Dietzenbach, the tracks were retained and preserved. From the 2003/2004 timetable, introduced on 14 December 2003, the station, the station had been modified to give barrier-free access for the disabled. The station is now the point for trains to Niedernhausen via the Offenbach and Frankfurt city tunnels, Höchst. The station building is a building built in 1898 of brick with the roof sloping towards the platform. These are connected by a ridge line and have triangular gables. Connected to it is a freight shed with a covered ramp. The building is now privately owned, the station has a barrier-free home platform next to station building and the single-track line ends to the south at a buffer stop near Max-Planck-Strasse. The other tracks were dismantled during the reconstruction for the S-Bahn, the S-Bahn trains run every 30 minutes. During peak hours trains run at 15-minute intervals, the municipal bus line OF-57 runs from Dietzenbach station to Dietzenbach Mitte station, occasionally as far as Dietzenbach-Steinberg station. Since the beginning of operations there have been plans to extend the line past Dietzenbach, in 1906 and again after 1913 there was talk of an extension to Messel, but due to the First World War, these plans came to nothing. This project failed due to lack of profitability and so Dietzenbach remains the terminus of the line, landesamt für Denkmalpflege Hessen, ed. Eisenbahn in Hessen. Die Eisenbahn in Offenbach und im Rodgau
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S3 (Rhine-Main S-Bahn)
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The S3 service of the S-Bahn Rhein-Main system bearing the KBS number 645.3 The city tunnel is an underground, pure S-Bahn route used by almost all services. In a short section between Mühlberg and Offenbach-Kaiserlei the South Main railway is used, the S3 was one of the first six services of the Rhine-Main S-Bahn system. In a prior test operation it ran between Frankfurt-Höchst and Frankfurt Central Station, the service was then called R3 where the letter R stands for regional. After the opening of the Frankfurt Citytunnel the service was renamed to S3, further extensions of the tunnel followed in 1983 and 1990 so that the Südbahnhof became the services eastern terminal. Bad Soden – Darmstadt Hbf Frankfurt Hbf – Darmstadt Hbf Bad Soden – Langen traffiQ Frankfurt – S3/S4 timetable
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Bad Soden (Taunus) station
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Bad Soden station is the northern terminus of the Soden Railway in the German state of Hesse. It is also the terminus of the line S3 services of the Rhine-Main S-Bahn over the Limes Railway. The station is located in the centre of Bad Soden, the entrance building was built in 1847 and the middle part of the building dates from this time. The southern gable of the wing and the attached sheds were added in the second decade of the last century. The entrance building is listed as a monument under the Hessian Heritage Act, next to the platform, there was a long freight shed with its own sidings. These facilities have been removed in the last few years, the station was opened on 22 May 1847 as the terminus of the Soden Railway. This joined Soden with the nearest large town, Höchst, where it connected with the Taunus Railway from Frankfurt to Wiesbaden opened in 1839, the line and associated works were taken over by the Prussian state railways on 3 May 1872. The station was rebuilt in its present form with two tracks as part of the construction of the connection to the Rhine-Main S-Bahn in 1978. At the same time, the new Limes line was built for the S-Bahn from Bad Soden station to Niederhöchstadt via Schwalbach, line S3 services of the Rhine-Main S-Bahn run over the Limes line from Bad Soden to Darmstadt via Frankfurt Hauptbahnhof. Between 1979 and 1997, it reversed at Bad Soden. Since 1997, the Frankfurt-Königsteiner Eisenbahn has operated the Soden line, despite the fact that the line is electrified, it is operated, along with the Hessische Landesbahns other routes through the Taunus, by a diesel multiple unit. The bus stop at the station is served by bus routes 253,803,810,811,812 and 828. The line of the S3 between Niederhöchstadt and Bad Soden has only one track, which allows maximum services at 30-minute intervals, Bad Soden has considered building another platform in order to allow operations at 15-minute intervals. Landesamt für Denkmalpflege Hessen, ed. Eisenbahn in Hessen
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Frankfurt West station
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The station was opened as Bockenheim Station in 1849 during the construction of the Main-Weser Railway from Frankfurt to Kassel. The then independent city of Bockenheim was until 1866 in the territory of the Electorate of Hesse-Kassel, the station building was built in a relatively elaborate Renaissance Revival style to a design by Julius Eugen Ruhl. The first major change in the railways to affect Bockenheim station occurred in1888 with the opening of the new Frankfurt Central Station, in addition, a sweeping curve was built for the Main-Weser line’s northern approach to the new Central Station. The old ran from the old Main-Weser terminus to Am Hauptbahnhof along the current Kaiserstrasse, in 1913, the station was renamed Frankfurt West. The historic station building was destroyed in World War II, a modern functional building was built in 1961. During the building of the S-Bahn in the 1970s most of station was demolished and replaced by a simple building. The current station has two levels, the ground level is used by regional trains and S-Bahn S6 trains towards the city on platforms 3,4 and 5. The S-Bahn lines S3, S4 and S5 and S6 towards Friedberg use a one kilometre long elevated section with a two-track elevated station. The station is served by S-Bahn lines S3, S4, S5, landesamt für Denkmalpflege Hessen, ed. Eisenbahn in Hessen. Neue Bahnhöfe, die Empfangsgebäude der Deutschen Bundesbahn 1948–1973 (New stations, station buildings of the German Federal Railways from 1948 to 1973
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Langen (Hess) station
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Langen station is in the town of Langen in the German state of Hesse. It was opened in 1846 with the Main-Neckar Railway and is now served by the Rhine-Main S-Bahn, the station has two side platforms, an island platform and a through track without a platform. The station building and platform canopies are protected as monuments and it is classified by Deutsche Bahn as a category 4 station. The station was opened in 1846 as part of the Main-Neckar Railway, the first section of the line was opened between Langen, Darmstadt and Bensheim on 22 June 1846 and the section from Langen to Frankfurt followed on 16 July 1846. There was a redesign of the station as part of the construction of the S-Bahn line between Frankfurt and Darmstadt, which was opened on 2 June 1997. Since then, it has had three platforms, four tracks and a through track without a platform running towards Darmstadt. In 2012 the tracks were renewed in the station area, an 82 m² large Servicestore owned by Deutsche Bahn was established at the station in 2009, which is operated by a franchisee. The former ticket hall is closed, the station has 361 bicycle parking spaces,50 of which are in lockable boxes. The two-storey entrance building with a basement was built in 1846 on the side of the line towards the town. The building was designed with a neoclassical and symmetrical facade with seven portals under a gable facing the street, on the ground floor there are two pairs of arched windows on the sides with three arched doorways in the middle. This pattern is repeated upstairs, but using rectangular windows, the street frontage is further enhanced by an avant-corps under the gable. A hip roof over a wide frieze and dentils forms the upper part, the platform canopy in front of the entrance building is supported by lattice beams on thin columns with small capitals of cast iron. The two free-standing platform canopies also have cast-iron columns with capitals, which date from 1861 and they come from the Darmstadt Main-Neckar station, which was closed after World War I and are also protected as monuments. In addition, Rhine-Main S-Bahn services run to Darmstadt every half-hour and to Frankfurt every fifteen minutes, Langen bus station is served by bus routes OF71,72,99,661 and 663 towards Seligenstadt, Offenbach, Mörfelden and the town centre. Landesamt für Denkmalpflege Hessen, ed. Eisenbahn in Hessen
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Darmstadt Hauptbahnhof
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Darmstadt Hauptbahnhof is the main railway station in the German city Darmstadt. After Frankfurt Hbf and Wiesbaden Hbf, it is the third largest station in the state of Hesse with 35,000 passengers and 220 trains per day. Built in an art nouveau style, the station was finished 1912 as one of the major works of architect Friedrich Pützer. The station replaced two separate and increasingly inadequate stations located at the Steubenplatz, around a km closer to the city centre in the east, the space at both stations became very cramped as a result of the increase in traffic at the end of the 19th century. Beginning in 1901 four different designs were developed, focused primarily on a solving the problems of managing traffic, in 1905, the city and the Prussian-Hessian Railway division in Mainz finally agreed on a fifth draft. It stipulated that a new station would be built on a then green-field site about 800 metres west of the old stations. The greater distance from the city centre would be compensated by providing a connecting tram. The post office would have its own railway post office north of the building, connected by the Post Bridge, its own covered bridge, to trains at the mail. The Post Bridge was demolished in 1994, the tracks in the southern part of the station precinct were placed in a cutting so that the streets could be built over it. The same was true of the building, passengers enter the station building at street level, pass through the station on the same level. Parallel to this there was an overpass for luggage and the express freight service. The northern tracks of the precinct are on an embankment as the station site slopes down to the north. An architectural competition was announced for the construction of the station building, at the express request of Grand Duke Ernst Ludwig, the new station would be built by a modern master builder, not a style architect. Kaiser Wilhelm II refrained for diplomatic reasons from intervening on the issue, a total of 75 designs were submitted. Friedrich Pützer and Friedrich Klingholz each received a second prize, the contract was awarded in 1908 to Friedrich Pützer. It took him two years to complete his designs, into which he incorporated some good ideas from the designs of his competitors. Construction began in 1906 and was completed in 1912 at a total cost of 17 million marks, at that time, the experts made a fairly cautious judgements about the new building, it has some very efficient services, but no great ideas. Today the building is regarded as groundbreaking and it is protected as a monument, a water tower was built at the Dornheimer Weg bridge to supply the locomotives with water in 1910
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S4 (Rhine-Main S-Bahn)
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The S4 service of the S-Bahn Rhein-Main system bearing the KBS number 645.4 The city tunnel is an underground, pure S-Bahn route used by almost all services. In a short section between Mühlberg and Offenbach-Kaiserlei the South Main railway is used, the S4 was one of the first six services of the Rhine-Main S-Bahn system. In a prior test operation it ran between Kronberg and Frankfurt Central Station, the service was then called R4 where the letter R stands for regional. After the opening of the Frankfurt Citytunnel the service was renamed to S4, further extensions of the tunnel followed in 1983 and 1990 so that the Südbahnhof became the services eastern terminal. Kronberg – Langen Frankfurt Hbf – Langen Kronberg – Darmstadt Hbf traffiQ Frankfurt – S3/S4 timetable
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Kronberg im Taunus
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Kronberg im Taunus is a town in the Hochtaunuskreis district, Hesse, Germany and part of the Frankfurt Rhein-Main urban area. Before 1866, it was in the Duchy of Nassau, in year the whole Duchy was absorbed into Prussia. Kronberg lies at the foot of the Taunus, flanked in the north, a mineral water spring also rises in the town. Kronberg is especially known for its extremely expensive residential areas and it is therefore a very exclusive area to live and that is indicative of the higher than average incomes enjoyed by its population. The German magazine der Spiegel published a study showing that Kronberg had the most expensive areas in whole Germany. Kronberg consists of the three centres of Kronberg, Oberhöchstadt and Schönberg, when Kronberg Castle was built it was shared by the Knights of Askenburne, who owned a towered castle there. The Kronenstamm moved to Kronberg, giving themselves that name at the time, town rights were granted the small settlement on 25 April 1330 by Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor. As of 1367, the also had market rights as well as Blutgerichtsbarkeit, granted by Charles IV. Together with those from Hattstein Castle and Reifenberg Castle, the Knights of Kronberg from Frankfurt declared the so-called Kronberg Feud in 1389. The story is told in Kronberg that during the one of the knights of Kronberg was unhorsed. Peace was, however, quickly concluded and alliance sought with Kronberg, finally, in 1398, the Schießgesellen zu Cronenberg invited the Schießgesellen zue Franckenfurd unsern guten frunden to a Schießen umb eyn Cleynod. The letter bearing this message is said to be Germanys oldest surviving invitation to a shooting event, Hartmut fled, and Philip introduced the Reformation throughout Hesse. However, since Kronberg was an Imperial fief, Philip had to give the castle and these rights were affirmed by Hesse-Darmstadt in the 17th and 18th centuries, ensuring that Mainzs later attempts at a Counterreformation and the Simultanisierung would never enjoy success. In 1704, the last member of the family, Herr Johann Niclas von und zu Cronberg, died childless at Hohlenfels Castle, nowadays in Hahnstätten. Kronberg, along with the communities of Schönberg, Niederhöchstadt and Eschborn therefore passed to the Electorate of Mainz. It was under Mainzs rule that the nowadays so-called Dispute Church was built, since 1768, the building has served secular purposes. In the Austro-Prussian War of 1866, the Duke of Nassau sided with Austria, even artists, among them Anton Burger and Jakob Fürchtegott Dielmann, came to Kronberg and founded the Kronberg Painters Colony, which lasted into the 20th century. Some of the Kronberg painters works are on display in the museum at the Dispute Church, after the Second World War, Kronberg belonged to Groß-Hessen, and remains in Hesse today
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S5 (Rhine-Main S-Bahn)
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The S5 service of the S-Bahn Rhein-Main system bearing the KBS number 645.5 The Homburg Railway connects Frankfurt Central Station with Friedrichsdorf, via Bad Homburg. It was opened on 10 September 1860 and electrified on 26 September 1970, S-Bahn services commenced on the line on 25 September 1977. The city tunnel is an underground, pure S-Bahn route used by almost all services, in a short section between Mühlberg and Offenbach-Kaiserlei the South Main railway is used. The S5 was one of the first six services of the Rhine-Main S-Bahn system, in a prior test operation it ran between Friedrichsdorf and Frankfurt Central Station. The service was then called R5 where the letter R stands for regional, after the opening of the Frankfurt Citytunnel the service was renamed to S5 and extended to the new Hauptwache underground station. Further extensions of the tunnel followed in 1983 and 1990 so that the Südbahnhof became the eastern terminal. Friedrichsdorf – Frankfurt Süd Bad Homburg – Frankfurt Süd traffiQ Frankfurt – S5 timetable
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Friedrichsdorf station
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Friedrichsdorf station is in the centre of Friedrichsdorf on Bahnstraße. The station is classified by Deutsche Bahn as a category 4 station and it ran a single track from the Usinger Bahnhof in Bad Homburg via Seulberg to Friedrichsdorf and continued via Köppern into the Taunus. During its construction, Friedrichsdorf station was planned as a through station, already plans had been developed for another rail connection between Friedrichsdorf and the Main-Weser Railway. The Friedberg–Friedrichsdorf railway was not opened until 1901, initially there were two passenger tracks and a freight track at the station. To the south towards Seulberg, a bridge was built across the tracks. The station building is west of the tracks and it consists of a central building with two floors and two lateral extensions and is very similar to Usingen station. The line was carrying freight. Especially in freight operations, excess demand often caused delays, later, direct sidings were built to local firms. Rühl AG & Co. and the Tettauer glass works both had a siding, the main operation of the glass works was established in Friedrichsdorf in 1945, as the rail connection to its original plant in Tettau was cut by the establishment of the inner-German border. On 27 September 1970, electric services running on the line to Friedrichsdorf. In addition, seven years later a relay interlocking was built in Bad Homburg, controlling the area from Weißkirchen, the trains on the lines from Grävenwiesbach and Friedberg now mainly ended in Friedrichsdorf. In 1974, operations of an S-Bahn-like service as line R5 began on the line between Frankfurt Central Station and Friedrichsdorf with its inclusion in the Frankfurter Verkehrs- und Tarifverbund and this evolved in 1978 into the current line S5 of the Rhine-Main S-Bahn. In 1992, the line of the Usingen Railway from Friedrichsdorf to Grävenwiesbach was reactivated in 1993 as the “T-Bahn”, the trains now continued to Bad Homburg. Since the take-over of operations by the Rhein-Main-Verkehrsverbund, no Taunus Railway services now terminate in Friedrichsdorf, Friedrichsdorf station is now served by three lines, with two of them terminating there, the line to Friedberg and S-Bahn line S5, as the electrification of the line ends there. The other service on the Taunus Railway continues to Bad Homburg, new LCD information displays went into service in February 2008. There was still an office in the entrance building until 2005. The entrance building is privately owned but has not been used for some years, a vending machine was placed in a converted shipping container on the platform as a replacement for the ticket counter in the entrance building. In this Deutsche Bahn Servicepavillon tickets were sold along with drinks, snacks, at the beginning of 2008, it was closed without notice, but shortly afterwards it was re-opened by another operator
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Frankfurt South station
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Frankfurt Süd or Frankfurt Südbahnhof is one of three railway stations for long-distance train services in Frankfurt, Germany. Unlike Frankfurt Hauptbahnhof it is not a terminus but a through station and it is a stopping station for some long-distance routes and for regional traffic. It is also one of the major railway hubs in the city with S-Bahn and U-Bahn services. The station is located in the district of Sachsenhausen south of the Main, on Diesterwegplatz there is a market on Tuesdays and Fridays. A block west of the runs the Schweizer Straße, the main axis of Sachsenhausen. Immediately northeast of the forecourt, between Hedderichstraße and Textorstraße was the old Sachsenhausen Tram Depot, which was closed in 2003 and has since been gutted. It now contains a supermarket and an office of the Frankfurt city library. The southern exit from the leads to the Mörfelder Landstraße. The project was completed by the Prussian state railways on 15 December 1868, until the opening of the line south of the Main, trains from Bebra to Frankfurt had to use the North Main line and the Frankfurt City Link Line. On 15 November 1873 the new line south of the Main between Hanau and Frankfurt via Sachsenhausen and Offenbach was opened, including South Station and Offenbach Hauptbahnhof, the South Main line is still the most important rail link connecting Frankfurt with Leipzig, Berlin and Hamburg. The track formerly connecting it to the Main-Neckar Railway to the west was removed, in 1876 it was renamed Lokalbahnhof, the Frankfurt Lokalbahnhof S-Bahn station is named in its honour, although it is about 250 metres south of the old station, which closed in 1955. The current building was opened in 1914, in its simplified Art Nouveau style, it is similar to the Höchst station opened the same year. During the building of the U-Bahn station, almost the entire building was demolished. It now includes a community centre, the former steel train shed was demolished during the U-Bahn construction and not rebuilt. The following Regional-Express and Regionalbahn services stop at Frankfurt South station, Tram line 19 starts at South station. Numerous city and regional bus lines run from the station, especially to the southern region, some of these buses stop at the southern entrance on Mörfelder Landstraße
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S6 (Rhine-Main S-Bahn)
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The S6 service of the S-Bahn Rhein-Main system bearing the KBS number 645.6 The city tunnel is an underground, pure S-Bahn route used by almost all services. In a short section between Mühlberg and Offenbach-Kaiserlei the South Main railway is used, the S6 was one of the first six services of the Rhine-Main S-Bahn system. In a prior test operation it ran between Kronberg and Frankfurt Central Station, the service was then called R6 where the letter R stands for regional. After the opening of the Frankfurt Citytunnel the service was renamed to S6, further extensions of the tunnel followed in 1983 and 1990 so that Stresemannallee became the services eastern terminal. Friedberg – Frankfurt Süd Groß-Karben – Frankfurt Süd traffiQ Frankfurt – S6 timetable
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Friedberg station
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Friedberg station is the station of Friedberg, Germany, on the Main-Weser Railway. The first Friedberg station was opened on 10 May 1850 with the opening of the section of the Main-Weser Railway from Frankfurt am Main to Friedberg, on 9 November 1850 the next section to Butzbach was opened. The entire route of the Main-Weser line from Kassel to Frankfurt was opened for traffic 15 May 1852, the station was at the 165.4 kilometre mark and was designed as a through station. There is currently a garage on the site of the old station building. Additional lines were connected to the Main-Weser Railway in Friedberg, on 15 September 1881, the Friedberg–Hanau railway was fully opened, following the commencement of services to Heldenbergen-Windecken station on 1 December 1879. On 1 October 1897 the Friedberg–Mücke Railway opened, on 13 July 1901 the Friedberg–Friedrichsdorf–Bad Homburg line opened, this was part of a line from Bad Nauheim to Wiesbaden, also known as the Bäderbahn. Friedberg became a hub for passengers and freight, on 10 August 1913 the second Friedberger station was opened at the 165.9 kilometre mark, about 500 metres further south. On 28 May 1978 the station became the terminal of line S6 of the Rhine-Main S-Bahn, Friedberg station has two platforms next to the main station building and four island platforms, that is ten platform faces. One of the platforms is a bay platform used only for local trains to. The trains to Hanau depart from the easternmost platform, east of the platforms is a freight yard with another 12 tracks. Previously, the station handled a large amount of sugar beet traffic from the surrounding region. The freight yard is used now. The northern exit from the station led directly on to the Rosental Viaduct, the original buildings were built in a neoclassical style, the entrance building could have been designed by Julius Eugen Ruhl. The current station building and other buildings of the station are classed as cultural monuments under the Hessian Heritage Act. In the vestibule are original ceramic tiles and stained glass windows, north of the station building is a former royal reception building, which was constructed in 1897-98, south of the original station and later moved to the new station. Alfred Kerber & Wolfgang A. Keil
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Riedstadt-Goddelau station
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The station is classified by Deutsche Bahn as a category 4 station. It is served by local and S-Bahn trains, the station was opened on the 15 April 1869 under the name Goddelau-Erfelden. Then as now, it served two districts of Riedstadt, Goddelau and Erfelden, from there, the Worms-Rosengarten train ferry operated over the Rhine from 1870 to 1900, when it was replaced by a bridge across the Rhine. This was the first section of the Riedbahn, which runs through an area called the Hessische Ried, in November 1879, the branch line from Goddelau to Frankfurt was opened. In 1975, the railway between Darmstadt and Goddelau was closed due to lack of traffic and partly dismantled, all that remains of the line is a siding from Darmstadt to Weiterstadt-Riedbahn, where the line ends. Riedstadt lies on the network organised by the Rhein-Main-Verkehrsverbund, goddelau-Riedstadt station is served hourly by Regional-Express line RE70 en route from Mannheim via Biblis and Gernsheim to Frankfurt Central Station. Since 2002, the station has also served every 30 minutes on weekdays by Rhine-Main S-Bahn line S7. Bus routes 41,45 and K62 stop at the Goddelauer Bahnhof bus stop and these connect the station with the surrounding cities and towns, including along the disused section of the Ried Railway between Goddelau, Griesheim and Darmstadt. The station also has a stand and a park and ride car park
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S8 (Rhine-Main S-Bahn)
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The S8 service of the S-Bahn Rhein-Main system bearing the KBS number 645.8 The city tunnel is an underground, pure S-Bahn route used by almost all services. In a short section between Mühlberg and Offenbach-Kaiserlei a line parallel with the South Main railway is used, in 1972 the Frankfurt Airport loop, a new line to connect the recently built Terminal Mitte at the Frankfurt Airport to the Central Station and the Main railway, became operational. Two years later the R14 experimental service running between Wiesbaden Central Station and Frankfurt Central Station started, after the opening of the Frankfurt Citytunnel the service was renamed to S14 and extended to the new Hauptwache underground station. In 1980 the new shuttle service S15 running between the Airport station and Frankfurt Central Station started operation, further extensions of the tunnel followed in 1983 and 1990 so that the Südbahnhof became the S14s eastern terminal. In 1995 both services S14 and S15 were renamed to S8 and extended their operation to the east connecting the Central Station of Hanau, like the S1 the S8 now also used the eastern branch of the Frankfurt Citytunnel as well as the Offenbach Citytunnel. In 1990 two S14 trainsets collided near the Rüsselsheim station killing 17 and injuring 145 passengers, the conductor of the train bound for Frankfurt ignored the stop signal and crashed into an oncoming, fully occupied train
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Mainz Hauptbahnhof
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Mainz Hauptbahnhof, is a railway station for the city of Mainz in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate. It is used by about 80,000 travelers and visitors each day and is therefore by far the busiest station in Rhineland-Palatinate, the station was a trial area for a CCTV scheme using automated face recognition. The current station was built as a station from 1882 to 1884 according to the plans of Philipp Johann Berdellé as part of the expansion of the city after the Franco-Prussian War. Under the Rheinschifffahrtsakte of 1831, Mainz lost its right to impose a stapelrecht and thus its trading port, on 13 April 1840 the Taunus Railway between Frankfurt, Mainz-Kastel and Wiesbaden was opened and took transit traffic and tourism away from Mainz. On the other hand, Mainz was the largest city of the Grand Duchy of Hesse and was thus an attractive destination for the railway network. In Mainz, the local Hessian Ludwig Railway Company obtained concessions to railway lines from Mainz, beginning in 1845 with the Mainz–Ludwigshafen railway. The completion of the line was delayed due to the Revolutions of 1848 to 23 March 1853. The original Mainz station was built on land next to the Rhine outside the city wall between the Wood Tower, Fort Malakoff and todays Museum of Ancient Seafaring, and opened in August 1853, travelers had to cross the Rhine with their luggage on a train ferry. Therefore, in 1860 the building of a permanent railway bridge began, in 1871 the Alzey–Mainz line of the Hessian Ludwig Railway opened to Alzey via Gonsenheim. In the course of the 19th Century the number of passengers increased, as Mainz developed as the junction of lines to Darmstadt, Ludwigshafen, Aschaffenburg, Bingen. However, the terminal stations lay between the walls and the fortress and the Rhine bank, and this area did not permit an expansion of the railway facilities. Already in 1858 the Mainzer Zeitung newspaper reported plans for a relocation of the stations, the development of the town, extension and organization of the riverbank and railway development required a high measure of co-ordination in order to produce an acceptable outcome. In 1873, Chief architect Eduard Kreyßig, who had replaced the chief architect Laske in 1866. The approach lines had to be built in a curve to the west of the city to reach the proposed station site. In addition a tunnel under the citadel was necessary, the Mainz architect Philipp Johann Berdellé created the stations entrance building in bright Flonheim sandstone in Italian neo-Renaissance with baroque and neoclassical elements. A jutting central section is framed by two side wings with arcades, which end in risalits. The building was opened ceremoniously on 15 October 1884, Berdellé set the emphasis of the graphic decorations on the entrances of the central building. Allegorical representations refer to the function of the building and it shows scenes on the topic of departure and parting at the station and includes a heavy suit-case
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Frankfurt Airport regional station
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Frankfurt Airport regional station is an underground railway station at Frankfurt Airport in Frankfurt, Germany. It provides local S-Bahn and Regionalbahn services to the city and the Frankfurt/Rhine-Main Metropolitan Region, the station opened on March 14,1972 together with a new passenger terminal. At the time it was only the railway station serving an airport in Germany. In 1999, a train station opened at Frankfurt Airport which is primarily used by long-distance trains. Prior to the commissioning of the second train station this station was called just Frankfurt am Main Airport station. Both regional and long-distance trains ran from this station until 1999, the regional train station is located underneath Terminal 1, concourse B. It is designed as an underground station and has three platform tracks, of which tracks 2 and 3 are on either side of a central platform. The central platform is 410 m long and the platform is 210 m long. Vehicles with diesel traction may enter the station only when the level of their exhaust emissions are below set limits. Currently class 612 diesel multiple units operate hourly through the station on the Frankfurt Central Station–Saarbrücken Central Station route. A three-track underground station was already envisaged when a new and larger terminal was planned at Frankfurt Airport in the mid-1960s. In April 1969, Deutsche Bundesbahn and the airport operator FAG signed an agreement on connecting the airport to the rail network. The station was opened on March 14,1972 and it served initially as a station for regional trains, but its 410 m long central platform was ready from the beginning to handle also long-distance trains. Between 1982 and 1993 the station was used by the Lufthansa Airport Express, as part of the enhancement of the Intercity network in 1985, the station was served hourly by IC services. With the opening of the station on May 30,1999. Occasional long-distance trains still stopped at the station, since the long-distance station was closed overnight. Since the annual change in December 2010, the long-distance station is also open at night. Despite the high cost that would have been required for the reconstruction of the existing building, another proposal considered was to build an additional station in the existing building
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Hanau Hauptbahnhof
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Hanau Hauptbahnhof is a railway station at Hanau in the German state of Hesse, and is a major railway junction east of Frankfurt am Main. It was opened in 1867, but the current building was built in the late 1960s and it is located about 1.5 kilometres south-east of central Hanau. It is classified by Deutsche Bahn as a category 2 station and has train services, including Intercity Express, regional. Hanau Hbf station is a hub of the railway network that is served by six routes. The first station in Hanau was opened in 1848 as the terminus of the Frankfurt-Hanau Railway Company and its position was chosen to allow the building of a bridge over the Main to Steinheim as part of the south bank route to Frankfurt. At the same time Hanau depot was built at Heideäcker, an entrance building was built at Hanau Ost on the island between the line towards Fulda and the line to Aschaffenburg. Until the end of the Second World War, the station served a line of the Hanau Tramway. On 15 May 1927, the station was renamed from Hanau Ost station to Hanau Hauptbahnhof, the original station building was demolished in 1966 and replaced by a building north of the tracks with a spacious station forecourt. The original location as a station can still be recognised from the track numbering. The floor level of the level of the new station was determined by the location of the existing pedestrian underpass. Since the station was partly in a former river bed of the Main, there will always be problems with water penetration. The passenger accessible part of the building was transformed fundamentally in the early 1990s with the reorganisation of baggage. Hanau station is classified by Deutsche Bahn as a category 2 station and it is connected by Intercity-Express and Intercity services to cities in a large part of Germany and some cities outside Germany. Hanau station is served by several Regional-Express and Regionalbahn lines, since 1995 it has also been served by lines S8 and S9 of the Rhine-Main S-Bahn. There is also a bus station in the station forecourt. Neue Bahnhöfe – Die Empfangsgebäude der Deutschen Bundesbahn 1948 bis 1973
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Mainz-Kastel station
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Mainz-Kastel station is situated on the Frankfurt–Wiesbaden line in the German state of Hesse. It was opened as part of the Taunus Railway, which was opened in 1839/40, the station was opened as part of the last stage of construction of the line to Wiesbaden and was opened on 19 May 1840. Kastel station is served by the Regionalbahn service running between Neuwied and Frankfurt every hour. In the rush hour it will extend to a half-hourly service, the following lines of ESWE and MVG serve the station,6, 6A,9,28,54,55,56,57,68,91,99
Media related to S-Bahn Frankfurt at Wikimedia Commons
