Ill Communication is the fourth studio album by American hip hop group Beastie Boys. It was released on May 1994 by Grand Royal Records. Co-produced by Beastie Boys and Mario C. the album is among the band's most varied releases, drawing from hip hop, punk rock and funk. As with their prior release Check Your Head, this album continues the band's trend away from sampling and towards live instruments, it features musical contributions from Money Mark, Eric Bobo and Amery "AWOL" Smith and vocal contributions from Q-Tip and Biz Markie. The Beastie Boys were influenced by Miles Davis' jazz rock albums Agharta and On the Corner while recording Ill Communication. Ill Communication became the band's second number-one album on the US Billboard 200 albums chart and their second triple platinum album; the album was supported by the single "Sabotage", accompanied by a music video directed by Spike Jonze that parodied 1970s cop shows. The album's first single "Sabotage" was first laid down by all of the Beastie Boys playing instrumental parts at Tin Pan Alley Studios in New York, the whole driven by Adam Yauch's fuzzed and twangy bass.

With the working title of "Chris Rock", the track sat unused for a year. After angrily confronting paparazzi at the Florida funeral of friend and actor River Phoenix in November 1993, Ad-Rock went to the home of producer Mario Caldato Jr. and rapped out his anger, recording the results on Caldato's 8-track tape machine, mixing the vocal with the earlier instrumental parts."Sabotage" was released on January 28, 1994. The album's second single "Get It Together" was released on March 17, 1994; the album's third single "Sure Shot" was released on May 31, 1994 and features a sample from jazz flautist Jeremy Steig's "Howlin' For Judy", thereby providing the main instrumental part of the song. The album's fourth single "Root Down" was released in 1995. Beastie Boys' Michael Diamond and Adam Yauch collaborated with Gibran Evans, son of the artist and designer Jim Evans of T. A. Z. to create the album packaging. The cover photo they chose was taken by photographer Bruce Davidson in 1964 at a Los Angeles drive-in diner called Tiny Naylor’s.

Davidson had been on assignment for Esquire, though the magazine didn't publish the photos. Although Davidson hadn't heard the Beastie Boys and didn't understand their music – he recalled thinking it sounded like a "secret language" when they sent him a demo tape – he agreed they could use his photo. Jim Evans designed the hand-drawn typeface for Ill Communication, it was used throughout the promotion of the album; the album booklet features the artwork "Gaia" by Alex Grey. Rolling Stone included Ill Communication in their "Essential Recordings of the 90's". Spin ranked it number 19 in Spin's list of the "20 Best Albums Of'94". Q included it in Q Magazine's "90 Best Albums Of The 1990s"; the Village Voice ranked it number 15 in the Village Voice's 1994 Jazz & Pop Critics Poll. Mojo ranked it number 54 in Mojo's "100 Modern Classics". NME ranked it number three in their list of the "Top 50 Albums Of 1994" and it placed 13th in The Wire's annual critics' poll. Guitar World included Ill Communication in the "Superunknown: 50 Iconic Albums That Defined 1994" list.

The album was included in the book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die. All tracks are written by Beastie Boys except. Beastie Boys – producers Adam "Ad-Rock" Horovitz – vocals, guitar Michael "Mike D" Diamond – vocals, drums Adam "MCA" Yauch – vocals, electric bass, string bass John Klemmer – sample source Eugene Gore – violin on "Eugene's Lament" Eric "Bobo" Correa – percussion, drums on "Ricky's Theme" Amery Smith – drums "Keyboard Money Mark" Nishita – keyboards, organ Q-Tip – vocals on "Get It Together" Biz Markie – vocals on "Do It" Mario Caldato, Jr. – producer List of Billboard 200 number-one albums of 1994 Works cited Reynolds, Simon. Bring the Noise: 20 Years of Writing About Hip Rock and Hip Hop. Soft Skull Press. ISBN 1-59376-460-X

Dr. Kamal Badr is a Lebanese-American physician and scientist, Professor of Medicine and Chair of the Department of Internal Medicine at the American University of Beirut from July 2000 to late 2006, he was named Founding Dean of the Lebanese American University’s new medical school, a position he held until September 1, 2010. He returned to the American University of Beirut in October 2010, where he is Associate Dean for Medical Education. Dr. Badr received his MD from the American University of Beirut in 1980 and completed residency training at the AUB-Medical Center followed by a 4-year fellowship in nephrology at the Brigham and Women’s and Children’s Hospitals, Harvard Medical School, he joined the faculty at Vanderbilt University as Assistant and Associate Professor, Emory University as Professor of Medicine, nephrology section chief at the Atlanta VA Hospital, Director of the Center for Glomerulonephritis. He chaired the Department of Internal Medicine at the American University of Beirut from July 2000 until December 2006, when he was named Founding Dean of the new medical school at Lebanese American University.

In 2010, he returned to AUB as Professor of Medicine, Associate Dean for Medical Education, Director of the Vascular Medicine Program. He was elected to the American Society for Clinical Investigation in 1991, the Association of American Physicians in 2001, the Lebanese Academy of Sciences in 2009, the Royal College of Physicians, London in 2019, he is a member of Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Medical Society. Dr. Badr received NIH and other grant support from 1986 to 2000, his main interests are in renal microcirculatory physiology, the biology of inflammation and vascular disease. His research on glomerulonephritis and the regulation of inflammation has resulted in over 140 original publications in leading international journals, several discovery patents, more than 30 chapters in Nephrology textbooks and several editions of Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine. Dr. Badr has trained and mentored students, post-graduate trainees, junior faculty members, he has lectured around the world and received awards and honors, including an Honorary Professorship at University College and Adjunct Professorship at Johns Hopkins University

’Arrana is a Palestinian village in the Jenin Governorate, located 4 kilometers Northeast of Jenin, in the northern West Bank. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, the village had a population of 2,144 inhabitants in mid-year 2006, it has been suggested that this was Aaruna in the list of places conquered by Thutmose III. Ceramics from the Byzantine era have been found here. Arranah, like the rest of Palestine, was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in 1517, in the census of 1596, the village appeared as'Arrana, located in the nahiya of Sara in the liwa of Lajjun, it had a population of all Muslim. They paid a fixed tax rate of 25 % on agricultural products, including wheat, summer crops, olive trees and beehives, in addition to occasional revenues. In 1838, it was noted as a village in the Jenin district. In 1870, Victor Guérin noted it on a small hilltop. In 1882, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine described Arraneh as: "A small village, principally of mud, with a few stone houses, standing in the plain, surrounded by olive-yards.

It is supplied with water from cisterns. A kubbeh exists about 1/4 mile north of the village." In the 1922 census of Palestine, conducted by the British Mandate authorities, the village had a population of 216 Muslims, increasing in the 1931 census to 267 Muslims, in 46 households. In 1944/5 statistics the population was 320, all Muslim, with a total of 7,866 dunams of land, according to an official land and population survey. Of this, 13 dunams were used for plantations and irrigable land, 6,460 dunams for cereals, while 10 dunams were built-up land. After the 1948 Arab–Israeli War and the 1949 Armistice Agreements, Arranah came under Jordanian rule; the Jordanian census of 1961 found 539 inhabitants. After the Six-Day War in 1967, Arranah has been under Israeli occupation. Welcome To'Arrana Arrana, Welcome to Palestine Survey of Western Palestine, Map 9: IAA, Wikimedia commons

Bryn Powell is a Wales international rugby league footballer who played professionally for Hunslet Hawks, Salford City Reds, Featherstone Rovers, Dewsbury Rams in National League One. Powell's preferred position was as a wing. Powell started his professional career at Hunslet Hawks. In 2004, Powell played two Super League games for Salford City Reds. After one season at Featherstone Rovers, he moved to Dewsbury Rams. Bryn Powell made his début for Featherstone Rovers on Sunday 13 February 2005, he played his last match for Featherstone Rovers, in his second spell, during the 2011 season. Powell represented Wales at international level, was capped six times between 2004 and 2006, he was named in the Wales squad to face England at the Keepmoat Stadium prior to England's departure for the 2008 Rugby League World Cup, but had to withdraw. Dewsbury Rams profile

Watsonieae is the second largest tribe in the subfamily Crocoideae and named after the best-known genus in it — Watsonia. The members in this group are distributed in Africa in its southern parts, they sometimes have the typical sword-shaped leaves of the family Iridaceae, but sometimes, like in Lapeirousia pyramidalis or Lapeirousia divaricata, they are specific. The rootstock is a corm; the blooms sometimes have scent. They have six tepals which sometimes has small differences; the ovary is 3-locular. Most of these plants are not among the popular ornamental flowers. Watsonia is used with this purpose, but the other genera are not well known. However, they have many ornamental traits. Genera: Cyanixia Lapeirousia Micranthus Pillansia Savannosiphon Thereianthus Watsonia Zygotritonia