1.
White House Correspondents' Association
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The White House Correspondents Association is an organization of journalists who cover the White House and the President of the United States. The WHCA operates independently of the White House, among the more notable issues handled by the WHCA are the credentialing process, access to the President and physical conditions in the White House press briefing rooms. Its most high-profile activity is the annual White House Correspondents Dinner, brady Press Briefing Room in the West Wing of the White House. The WHCAs annual dinner, begun in 1921, has become a Washington, D. C. tradition and is attended by the president. Fifteen presidents have attended at least one WHCA dinner, beginning with Calvin Coolidge in 1924, the dinner is traditionally held on the evening of the last Saturday in April at the Washington Hilton. Until 1962, the dinner was open only to men, even though WHCAs membership included women, at the urging of Helen Thomas, President John F. Kennedy refused to attend the dinner unless the ban on women was dropped. Prior to World War II, the annual dinner featured singing between courses, a movie, and an hour-long, post-dinner show with big-name performers. Since 1983, however, the speaker has usually been a comedian, with the dinner taking on the form of a roast of the president. The dinner is a benefit for gifted students in college journalism programs. Many annual dinners were cancelled or downsized due to deaths or political crises, in 1981, Ronald Reagan did not attend because he was recuperating after the attempted assassination on his life the previous month. The WHCD has been criticized as an example of the coziness between the White House press corps and the administration. The dinner typically includes a skit, either live or videotaped, by the president in which he mocks himself. The press corps, in turn, hobnobs with administration officials, increasing scrutiny by bloggers has contributed to added public focus on this friendliness. After the 2007 dinner, New York Times columnist Frank Rich implied that the Times will no longer participate in the dinners, in recent years, the dinners have drawn increasing public attention, and the guest list grows more Hollywood. This has led to an atmosphere of coming to the event only to see and this usually takes place at pre-dinner receptions and post-dinner parties hosted by various media organizations, which are often a bigger draw and can be more exclusive than the dinners themselves. Awarded for outstanding examples of deadline reporting, awarded for excellence on a story of national or regional significance. Gridiron Club List of dining events National Press Club Parliamentary Press Gallery Radio and Television Correspondents Association Alfred E
2.
Bridgeport, Connecticut
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Bridgeport is a seaport city in the U. S. state of Connecticut. It is the largest city in the state and is located in Fairfield County at the mouth of the Pequonnock River on Long Island Sound, Bridgeport had a population of 144,229 during the 2010 Census, making it also the 5th-most populous in New England. It is bordered by the towns of Trumbull to the north, Fairfield to the west, the Greater Bridgeport area is the 48th-largest urban area in the United States and forms part of the Greater New York City Area. Bridgeport was inhabited by the Paugussett Indian tribe at the time of its English colonization, the English farming community became a center of trade, shipbuilding, and whaling. The town incorporated itself to subsidize the Housatonic Railroad and rapidly industrialized following its connection to the New York, manufacturing was the mainstay of the local economy until the 1970s. Industrial restructuring and suburbanization caused the loss of jobs and affluent residents, leaving Bridgeport struggling with problems of poverty. In the 21st century, conversion of office and factory buildings to residential use, the showman P. T. Barnum was a resident of the city and served as the towns mayor in the late 19th century. Barnum built four houses in Bridgeport, and housed his circus in town during winter, the first Subway restaurant opened in the North End section of the city in 1965. The Frisbie Pie Company was located here, and Bridgeport is credited as the birthplace of the Frisbee, the first documented English settlement within the present city limits of Bridgeport took place in 1644, centered at Black Rock Harbor along North Avenue and between Park and Briarwood Avenues. The place was called Pequonnock, after a band of the Paugussett, one of their sacred sites was Golden Hill, which overlooked the harbor and was the location of natural springs and their planting fields. The Golden Hill Indians were granted a reservation here by the Colony of Connecticut in 1639 that survived until 1802, a village called Newfield began to coalesce around the corner of State and Water Streets in the 1760s. The area officially known as Stratfield in 1695 or 1701 due to its location between the already existing towns of Stratford and Fairfield. During the American Revolution, Newfield Harbor was a center of privateering, Newfield initially expanded around the coasting trade with Boston, New York, and Baltimore and the international trade with the West Indies. The commercial activity of the village was clustered around the wharves on the west bank of the Pequonnock, in 1800, the village became the Borough of Bridgeport, the first so incorporated in the state. It was named for the Newfield or Lottery Bridge across the Pequonnock, Bridgeport Bank was established in 1806. In 1821, the township of Bridgeport became independent of Stratford, the West India trade died down around 1840, but by that time the Bridgeport Steamship Company and Bridgeport Whaling Company had been incorporated and the Housatonic Railroad chartered. The HRRC ran upstate along the Housatonic Valley, connecting with Massachusettss Berkshire Railroad at the state line, Bridgeport was chartered as Connecticuts fifth city in 1836 in order to enable the town council to secure funding to provide to the HRRC and ensure that it would terminate in Bridgeport. The Naugatuck Railroad—connecting Bridgeport to Waterbury and Winsted along the Naugatuck—was chartered in 1845, the same year, the New York and New Haven Railroad began operation, connecting Bridgeport to New York and the other towns along the north shore of the Long Island Sound
3.
Stand-up comedy
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Stand-up comedy is a comic style in which a comedian performs in front of a live audience, usually speaking directly to them. The performer is known as a comic, stand-up comic, stand-up comedian. In stand-up comedy, the comedian usually recites a grouping of humorous stories, jokes and one-liners typically called a monologue, routine, some stand-up comedians use props, music, or magic tricks to enhance their acts. Stand-up comedy is often performed in clubs, bars and pubs, nightclubs. Outside of live performance, stand-up is often distributed commercially via television, DVD, CD, in stand-up comedy, the feedback of the audience is instant and crucial for the comedians act. Audiences expect a stand-up comic to provide a stream of laughs. Will Ferrell has called stand-up comedy hard, lonely and vicious, a stand-up comedy show may involve only one comedian, or feature a headline or a showcase format. This is followed by one or two middle or featured acts, who perform 15- to 20-minute sets, followed by a headliner who performs for longer, a showcase format may still feature an MC. Bringer shows are another opportunity for amateur performers, the performer must bring a specified number of paying guests in order to get stage time. The guests usually have to pay a charge and there is often a minimum number of drinks that must be ordered. These shows usually have a showcase format and this type of show gives comedians better exposure than open mics because there is usually better audience turnout and industry professionals sometimes go to watch. Different comedy clubs have different requirements for their bringer shows, gotham Comedy Club in New York City, for example, usually has ten-person bringers, while Broadway Comedy Club in New York City usually has six-person bringers. As the name implies, stand-up comedians usually perform their material while standing, stand-up comedy has its origin in classic Parrhesia in 400 BC used for cynics and epicureans in order to tell the reality without censorship. Stand-up comedy in the United Kingdom began in the halls of the 18th and 19th centuries. The heavy censorship regime of the Lord Chamberlains Office required all comedians to submit their acts for censorship, the act would be returned with unacceptable sections underlined in blue pencil. The comedian was then obliged not to deviate from the act in its edited form, the rise of the post-war comedians coincided with the rise of television and radio, and the traditional music hall circuit suffered greatly as a result. By the 1970s, music hall entertainment was virtually dead, alternative circuits had evolved, such as working mens clubs. The alternative comedy scene began to evolve
4.
Film
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A film, also called a movie, motion picture, theatrical film or photoplay, is a series of still images which, when shown on a screen, creates the illusion of moving images due to the phi phenomenon. This optical illusion causes the audience to perceive continuous motion between separate objects viewed rapidly in succession, the process of filmmaking is both an art and an industry. The word cinema, short for cinematography, is used to refer to the industry of films. Films were originally recorded onto plastic film through a photochemical process, the adoption of CGI-based special effects led to the use of digital intermediates. Most contemporary films are now fully digital through the process of production, distribution. Films recorded in a form traditionally included an analogous optical soundtrack. It runs along a portion of the film exclusively reserved for it and is not projected, Films are cultural artifacts created by specific cultures. They reflect those cultures, and, in turn, affect them, Film is considered to be an important art form, a source of popular entertainment, and a powerful medium for educating—or indoctrinating—citizens. The visual basis of film gives it a power of communication. Some films have become popular worldwide attractions by using dubbing or subtitles to translate the dialog into the language of the viewer, some have criticized the film industrys glorification of violence and its potentially negative treatment of women. The individual images that make up a film are called frames, the perception of motion is due to a psychological effect called phi phenomenon. The name film originates from the fact that film has historically been the medium for recording and displaying motion pictures. Many other terms exist for a motion picture, including picture, picture show, moving picture, photoplay. The most common term in the United States is movie, while in Europe film is preferred. Terms for the field, in general, include the big screen, the screen, the movies, and cinema. In early years, the sheet was sometimes used instead of screen. Preceding film in origin by thousands of years, early plays and dances had elements common to film, scripts, sets, costumes, production, direction, actors, audiences, storyboards, much terminology later used in film theory and criticism apply, such as mise en scène. Owing to the lack of any technology for doing so, the moving images, the magic lantern, probably created by Christiaan Huygens in the 1650s, could be used to project animation, which was achieved by various types of mechanical slides
5.
Television
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Television or TV is a telecommunication medium used for transmitting moving images in monochrome, or in color, and in two or three dimensions and sound. The term can refer to a set, a television program. Television is a medium for entertainment, education, news, politics, gossip. Television became available in experimental forms in the late 1920s. After World War II, a form of black-and-white TV broadcasting became popular in the United States and Britain, and television sets became commonplace in homes, businesses. During the 1950s, television was the medium for influencing public opinion. In the mid-1960s, color broadcasting was introduced in the US, for many reasons, the storage of television and video programming now occurs on the cloud. At the end of the first decade of the 2000s, digital television transmissions greatly increased in popularity, another development was the move from standard-definition television to high-definition television, which provides a resolution that is substantially higher. HDTV may be transmitted in various formats, 1080p, 1080i, in 2013, 79% of the worlds households owned a television set. Most TV sets sold in the 2000s were flat-panel, mainly LEDs, major manufacturers announced the discontinuation of CRT, DLP, plasma, and even fluorescent-backlit LCDs by the mid-2010s. In the near future, LEDs are gradually expected to be replaced by OLEDs, also, major manufacturers have announced that they will increasingly produce smart TVs in the mid-2010s. Smart TVs with integrated Internet and Web 2.0 functions became the dominant form of television by the late 2010s, Television signals were initially distributed only as terrestrial television using high-powered radio-frequency transmitters to broadcast the signal to individual television receivers. Alternatively television signals are distributed by cable or optical fiber, satellite systems and. Until the early 2000s, these were transmitted as analog signals, a standard television set is composed of multiple internal electronic circuits, including a tuner for receiving and decoding broadcast signals. A visual display device which lacks a tuner is correctly called a video monitor rather than a television, the word television comes from Ancient Greek τῆλε, meaning far, and Latin visio, meaning sight. The Anglicised version of the term is first attested in 1907 and it was. formed in English or borrowed from French télévision. In the 19th century and early 20th century, other. proposals for the name of a technology for sending pictures over distance were telephote. The abbreviation TV is from 1948, the use of the term to mean a television set dates from 1941
6.
Book
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A book is a set of written, printed, illustrated, or blank sheets, made of paper, parchment, or other materials, fastened together to hinge at one side, with text and/or images printed in ink. A single sheet within a book is a leaf, and each side of a leaf is a page, a set of text-filled or illustrated pages produced in electronic format for reading on a computer screen, smartphone or e-reader device is known as an electronic book, or e-book. The term books may refer the body of works of literature. In library and information science, a book is called a monograph, to distinguish it from serial periodicals such as magazines, journals, in novels and sometimes other types of books, a book may be divided into several large sections, also called books. An avid reader or collector of books or a lover is a bibliophile or colloquially. A shop where books are bought and sold is a bookshop or bookstore, Books are also sold in some department stores, drugstores and newspaper vendors. Books can also be borrowed from libraries, google has estimated that as of 2010, approximately 130,000,000 distinct titles had been published. In some wealthier nations, printed books are giving way to the usage of electronic or e-books, the word book comes from Old English bōc, which in turn comes from the Germanic root *bōk-, cognate to beech. Similarly, in Slavic languages буква is cognate with beech, in Russian and in Serbian and Macedonian, the word букварь or буквар refers specifically to a primary school textbook that helps young children master the techniques of reading and writing. It is thus conjectured that the earliest Indo-European writings may have been carved on beech wood, similarly, the Latin word codex, meaning a book in the modern sense, originally meant block of wood. When writing systems were created in ancient civilizations, a variety of objects, such as stone, clay, tree bark, metal sheets, the study of such inscriptions forms a major part of history. The study of inscriptions is known as epigraphy, the Ancient Egyptians would often write on papyrus, a plant grown along the Nile River. At first the words were not separated from other and there was no punctuation. Texts were written right to left, left to right. The technical term for that last type of writing is boustrophedon, a tablet might be defined as a physically robust writing medium, suitable for casual transport and writing. See also stylus, the instrument used to write on a tablet, clay tablets were flattened and mostly dry pieces of clay that could be easily carried, and impressed with a stylus. They were used as a medium, especially for writing in cuneiform, throughout the Bronze Age. Tablets were used by traders to record sales of such as bushels of grain
7.
Radio
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When radio waves strike an electrical conductor, the oscillating fields induce an alternating current in the conductor. The information in the waves can be extracted and transformed back into its original form, Radio systems need a transmitter to modulate some property of the energy produced to impress a signal on it, for example using amplitude modulation or angle modulation. Radio systems also need an antenna to convert electric currents into radio waves, an antenna can be used for both transmitting and receiving. The electrical resonance of tuned circuits in radios allow individual stations to be selected, the electromagnetic wave is intercepted by a tuned receiving antenna. Radio frequencies occupy the range from a 3 kHz to 300 GHz, a radio communication system sends signals by radio. The term radio is derived from the Latin word radius, meaning spoke of a wheel, beam of light, however, this invention would not be widely adopted. The switch to radio in place of wireless took place slowly and unevenly in the English-speaking world, the United States Navy would also play a role. Although its translation of the 1906 Berlin Convention used the terms wireless telegraph and wireless telegram, the term started to become preferred by the general public in the 1920s with the introduction of broadcasting. Radio systems used for communication have the following elements, with more than 100 years of development, each process is implemented by a wide range of methods, specialised for different communications purposes. Each system contains a transmitter, This consists of a source of electrical energy, the transmitter contains a system to modulate some property of the energy produced to impress a signal on it. This modulation might be as simple as turning the energy on and off, or altering more subtle such as amplitude, frequency, phase. Amplitude modulation of a carrier wave works by varying the strength of the signal in proportion to the information being sent. For example, changes in the strength can be used to reflect the sounds to be reproduced by a speaker. It was the used for the first audio radio transmissions. Frequency modulation varies the frequency of the carrier, the instantaneous frequency of the carrier is directly proportional to the instantaneous value of the input signal. FM has the capture effect whereby a receiver only receives the strongest signal, Digital data can be sent by shifting the carriers frequency among a set of discrete values, a technique known as frequency-shift keying. FM is commonly used at Very high frequency radio frequencies for high-fidelity broadcasts of music, analog TV sound is also broadcast using FM. Angle modulation alters the phase of the carrier wave to transmit a signal
8.
Deadpan
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Deadpan or dry humor/wit describes the act of deliberately displaying a lack of or no emotion, commonly as a form of comedic delivery to contrast with the ridiculousness of the subject matter. The delivery is meant to be blunt, sarcastic, laconic, the term deadpan first emerged as an adjective or adverb in the 1920s, as a compound word combining dead and pan. The oldest usage recorded by the Oxford English Dictionary comes from The New York Times, the usage of deadpan as a verb is recorded at least as far back as 1942. Early in his days, Buster Keaton developed his deadpan expression. Keaton realized that audiences responded better to his stony expression than when he smiled, many popular American sitcoms use deadpan expressions to deliver dry humor, including Curb Your Enthusiasm, Arrested Development, and My Name Is Earl. More recent examples are Andre Braugher as Captain Raymond Holt from the TV show Brooklyn Nine-Nine, Jennette McCurdy as Sam Puckett in iCarly, another example is the often-philosophical comedy of Steven Wright. Dry humor is often confused with highbrow or egghead humor, because the humor in dry humor does not exist in the words or delivery, instead, the listener must look for humor in the contradiction between words, delivery and context. Failure to include the context or to identify the contradiction results in the finding the dry humor unfunny. However, the term deadpan itself actually refers only to the method of delivery, other deadpan comedians, Deadpan can vary in subtlety. Obvious deadpan uses a high amount of contrast either with characters or situations and it may also take the role of mirror to characters who are unaware of their folly. More subtle deadpan can test the limits of the audience. Blank expression Dark humor Minimisation Throwaway line
9.
Culture of the United States
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The culture of the United States of America is primarily a mix of various European, Native American, African, Asian, and Polynesian cultures. It also has its own social and cultural characteristics, such as dialect, music, arts, social habits, cuisine, the United States of America is an ethnically and racially diverse country as a result of large-scale migration from many countries throughout its history. Its chief early European influences came from English settlers of colonial America during British rule, due to colonial ties with Britain that spread the English language, British culture, legal system and other cultural inheritances, had a formative influence. Other important influences came from parts of Europe, especially Germany. Original elements also play a role, such as Jeffersonian democracy. American culture includes both conservative and liberal elements, scientific and religious competitiveness, political structures, risk taking and free expression, materialist, despite certain consistent ideological principles, American culture has a variety of expressions due to its geographical scale and demographic diversity. The flexibility of U. S. culture and its symbolic nature lead some researchers to categorize American culture as a mythic identity. Many American cultural elements, especially from popular culture, have spread across the globe through modern mass media, the United States has traditionally been thought of as a melting pot. However, beginning in the 1960s and continuing on in the present day, the trends towards cultural diversity, pluralism. Due to the extent of American culture, there are many integrated, the percentage of non-religious people is the highest in the northeastern state of Vermont at 34%, compared to the Bible Belt state of Alabama, where it is 6%. Strong cultural differences have a history in the U. S. with the southern slave society in the antebellum period serving as a prime example. David Hackett Fischer theorizes that the United States is made up today of four regional cultures. According to Fischer, the foundation of American culture was formed from four mass migrations from four different regions of the British Isles by four distinct socio-religious groups. New Englands earliest settlement period occurred between 1629 and 1640 when Puritans, mostly from East Anglia in England, settled there, the next mass migration was of southern English cavaliers and their working class English domestic servants to the Chesapeake Bay region between 1640 and 1675. This facilitated the development of the Southern American culture, then, thousands of English and Welsh Quakers, led by William Penn, settled in the Delaware Valley followed by large numbers of German Lutherans. S. From the mid-Atlantic states to the Pacific Coast, finally, Scotch-Irish, English and Scottish settlers from the borderlands of Britain and Ireland migrated to Appalachia between 1717 and 1775. They formed the culture of the Upland South, which has since spread west to such areas as West Texas. Fischer suggests that the U. S. today is not a country with one General American culture and he asserts that the country is composed of just regional cultures, and that understanding that helps one to understand many things about modern American life
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News
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News is information about current events. Common topics for news reports include war, government, politics, education, health, the environment, economy, business, government proclamations, concerning royal ceremonies, laws, taxes, public health, criminals, have been dubbed news since ancient times. Humans exhibit a nearly universal desire to learn and share news, technological and social developments, often driven by government communication and espionage networks, have increased the speed with which news can spread, as well as influenced its content. The genre of news as we know it today is closely associated with the newspaper, the English word news developed in the 14th century as a special use of the plural form of new. In Middle English, the equivalent word was newes, like the French nouvelles, jessica Garretson Finch is credited with coining the phrase current events while teaching at Barnard College in the 1890s. As its name implies, “news” typically connotes the presentation of new information, the newness of news gives it an uncertain quality which distinguishes it from the more careful investigations of history or other scholarly disciplines. News conspicuously describes the world in the present or immediate past, to make the news, an ongoing process must have some “peg”, an event in time which anchors it to the present moment. Relatedly, news often addresses aspects of reality which seem unusual, deviant, hence the famous dictum that “Dog Bites Man” is not news, but “Man Bites Dog” is. Another corollary of the newness of news is that, as new technology enable new media to disseminate news more quickly, according to some theoretical and understandings, news is whatever the news industry sells. Journalism, broadly understood along the lines, is the act or occupation of collecting and providing news. From a commercial perspective, news is simply one input, along with paper necessary to prepare a product for distribution. A news agency supplies this resource “wholesale” and publishers enhance it for retail, most purveyors of news value impartiality, neutrality, and objectivity, despite the inherent difficulty of reporting without political bias. Perception of these values has changed greatly over time as sensationalized tabloid journalism has risen in popularity, News is also sometimes said to portray the truth, but this relationship is elusive and qualified. Paradoxically, another property commonly attributed to news is sensationalism, the focus on. Thus news is not unrelated to gossip, the human practice of sharing information about other humans of mutual interest. A common sensational topic is violence, hence another news dictum, “if it bleeds, newsworthiness is defined as a subject having sufficient relevance to the public or a special audience to warrant press attention or coverage. In some countries and at points in history, what news media. Many news values seem to be common across cultures, people seem to be interested in news to the extent which it has a big impact, describes conflicts, happens nearby, involves well-known people, and deviates from the norms of everyday happenings
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Mass media
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The mass media is a diversified collection of media technologies that reach a large audience via mass communication. The technologies through which communication takes place include a variety of outlets. Broadcast media transmit information electronically, via such media as film, radio, recorded music, digital media comprises both Internet and mobile mass communication. Internet media comprise such services as email, social sites, websites. Print media transmit information via physical objects, such as books, comics, magazines, newspapers, event organizing and public speaking can also be considered forms of mass media. The organizations that control these technologies, such as studios, publishing companies. In the late 20th century, mass media could be classified into eight mass media industries, books, the Internet, magazines, movies, newspapers, radio, recordings, and television. The explosion of digital technology in the late 20th and early 21st centuries made prominent the question. For example, it is whether to include cell phones, computer games. In the 2000s, a called the seven mass media became popular. For example, the Internet includes blogs, podcasts, web sites, the sixth and seventh media, Internet and mobile phones, are often referred to collectively as digital media, and the fourth and fifth, radio and TV, as broadcast media. Some argue that video games have developed into a mass form of media. While a telephone is a communication device, mass media communicates to a large group. In addition, the telephone has transformed into a phone which is equipped with Internet access. A question arises whether this makes cell phones a mass medium or simply a device used to access a mass medium. There is currently a system by which marketers and advertisers are able to tap into satellites and this transmission of mass advertising to millions of people is another form of mass communication. Video games may also be evolving into a mass medium, video games provide a common gaming experience to millions of users across the globe and convey the same messages and ideologies to all their users. Users sometimes share the experience with one another by playing online, excluding the Internet however, it is questionable whether players of video games are sharing a common experience when they play the game individually
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John Munch
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John Munch is a fictional character played by actor Richard Belzer. Munch first appeared on the American crime drama television series Homicide, a regular through the entire run of the series from 1993-1999, Munch is a cynical detective in the Baltimore Police Departments Homicide unit, and a firm believer in conspiracy theories. He is originally partnered with Det, Munch is based on Jay Landsman, a central figure in David Simons true crime book Homicide, A Year on the Killing Streets. On the cancellation of Homicide in 1999, Belzer was offered a role as Munch on the Law & Order spin off, Law & Order. He appeared in the first fifteen seasons of series from 1999-2014. On SVU, Munch becomes a detective in the New York Police Departments Special Victims Unit, and is first partnered with Brian Cassidy, followed by Monique Jeffries. In the ninth season premiere, Munch is promoted to the rank of Sergeant, in season 14, Munch is temporarily reassigned to the Cold Case Unit, after solving a decade-old child abduction case in the episode Manhattan Vigil. He returns to the squad in Secrets Exhumed, in which he brings back a 1980s rape-homicide cold case for the squad to investigate. In the season 15 episode, Internal Affairs, SVU Captain Donald Cragen informs Detective Olivia Benson that Munch has submitted his retirement papers, stating that a recent case had hit him hard. In the following episode, Wonderland Story, Cragen and the squad throw Munch a retirement party, where past and present colleagues and family members celebrate his career. At the conclusion of the episode, Munch returns to the precinct to gather his belongings, Munch has returned, post retirement, to help his colleagues in the fifteenth-season finale Spring Awakening and the seventeenth-season episode Fashionable Crimes. The character of Munch has appeared in a total of nine series on five networks since the debut in 1993. Apart from Homicide and SVU, however, Belzers performances as Munch were guest appearances or crossovers rather than regular or recurring appearances, Munchs return to help his friends in the SVU seventeenth-season episode Fashionable Crimes marks the 23rd season that the character has appeared on television in any capacity. A storyline in the book involving Browns cracking a very difficult hit-and-run homicide was included almost verbatim in the shows pilot, Levinson asked Belzer to take some time to reread and practice the material, then come back and read it again. During his second reading, Levinson said Belzer was still terrible, Munch appeared as a regular character in every season, and in almost every episode, of Homicide. After Homicide, Life on the Street concluded its season in May 1999. Munch joined the BPDs homicide unit in 1983, during the fourth-season premiere of Homicide, Life on the Street, he signed up to take a promotion exam in hopes of becoming a sergeant, but a comedy of errors prevented him from showing up for it. In the first episode of the season of Law & Order, Special Victims Unit, it is revealed that he passed the NYPD sergeants exam, having taken it on a bar bet
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Homicide: Life on the Street
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Homicide, Life on the Street is an American police procedural television series chronicling the work of a fictional version of the Baltimore Police Departments Homicide Unit. It ran for seven seasons on NBC from 1993 to 1999, and was succeeded by Homicide, The Movie, the series was originally based on David Simons book Homicide, A Year on the Killing Streets. Many of the characters and stories used throughout the show were based on events depicted in the book, while Homicide featured an ensemble cast, Andre Braugher emerged as a breakout star through his portrayal of Detective Frank Pembleton. The show won Television Critics Association Awards for Outstanding Achievement in Drama in 1996,1997 and it also became the first drama ever to win three Peabody Awards for drama in 1993,1995, and 1997. It received recognition from the Primetime Emmy Awards, Satellite Awards, Image Awards, Viewers for Quality Television, GLAAD Media Awards, in 1997, the episode Prison Riot was ranked No.32 on TV Guides 100 Greatest Episodes of All Time. In 2007, it was listed as one of Time magazines Best TV Shows of All-TIME, in 1996, TV Guide named the series The Best Show Youre Not Watching. The show placed #46 on Entertainment Weeklys New TV Classics list, in 2013, TV Guide ranked it #55 on its list of the 60 Best Series of All Time. Simon, who became a consultant and producer with the series, while detectives are typically portrayed as noble characters who care deeply about their victims, Simon believed real detectives regarded violence as a normal aspect of their jobs. Levinson approached screenwriter Paul Attanasio with the material, and Homicide became Attanasios first foray into television writing, Levinson was indifferent to the change, asserting that viewers would probably casually refer to the series as Homicide in either case. The opening theme music was composed by Baltimore native Lynn F. Kowal, Homicides purpose was to provide its viewers with a no-nonsense, police procedural-type glimpse into the lives of a squad of inner-city detectives. In its attempt to do so, Homicide developed a trademark feel, for example, the series was filmed with hand-held 16 mm cameras almost entirely on-location in Baltimore. It also regularly used music montages, jump cut editing, the episodes were also noted for interweaving as many as three or four storylines in a single episode. NBC executives often asked the writers to focus on a homicide case rather than multiple ones. Despite premiering in the coveted post-Super Bowl time slot, the show opened to lackluster ratings, Homicide consistently ranked behind ABCs 20/20 and CBSs Nash Bridges in the Nielsen ratings. Despite the poor ratings, reviews were strong from the beginning of the series. Commentators were especially impressed with the number of strong, complex, well-developed and non-stereotypical African American characters like Pembleton, Lewis. The police department scenes were shot at the historic City Recreation Pier in the Fells Point neighborhood in Baltimore, nevertheless, in its attempt to improve Homicides ratings, NBC often insisted on changes, both cosmetic and thematic. For example, by the beginning of the season, talented
14.
Law & Order: Special Victims Unit
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Law & Order, Special Victims Unit is an American police procedural, legal, crime drama television series set in New York City, where it is also primarily produced. In the style of the original Law & Order, episodes are often ripped from the headlines or loosely based on crimes that have received media attention. Created and produced by Dick Wolf, the series premiered on NBC on September 20,1999, the show began its 18th season on September 21,2016, and has aired 404 original episodes as of April 5,2017. As the series progressed, additional supporting characters were added as allies of the detectives in the New York County Manhattan District Attorneys office, certain episodes will go into detail about detectives personal lives and how they may or may not tie into the crimes dealt with during the show. Typical episodes follow the detectives and their colleagues as they investigate and prosecute sexually based offenses, on February 1,2016, the series was renewed for an eighteenth season. The season premiered on Wednesday, September 21,2016 at 9 p. m. on NBC, the crime inspired Dick Wolf to write the story for the season one episode of Law & Order titled Kiss the Girls and Make Them Die. Even after writing the episode, however, the continued to haunt Wolf. The original title of the show was Sex Crimes, reflecting the nature of the crimes depicted on the show. Initially there was concern among the producers that, should Sex Crimes fail, additionally, Ted Kotcheff wanted to create a new series that was not dependent upon the original series for success. Wolf felt, however, that it was important and commercially desirable to have Law & Order in the title, the first episode, Payback, premiered on NBC on September 20,1999. Executive producer Neal Baer left Law & Order, SVU as show-runner at the end of twelve, after eleven years on the show. Baer was replaced by former Law & Order, Criminal Intent executive producer/showrunner Warren Leight, in March 2015 it was announced that Warren Leight signed a three-year deal with Sony Pictures Television, that will allow him to work on SVU one more season, its seventeenth. Leight joined the show in season thirteen and it was announced on March 10,2016 that original Law & Order veteran producer Rick Eid would take Leights place as showrunner/executive producer starting in season 18. Creator Dick Wolf commented to The Hollywood Reporter, Im extremely pleased that Rick had decided to rejoin the family and hope that he will be here for years to come. Many exterior scenes of Law & Order, Special Victims Unit are filmed on location in New York City, Wolfs home town, as the NYPD encounters varied law enforcement challenges on a daily basis, the backdrop provides the writers a supply of ideal locations from which to choose. When searching for a place to film the interiors of the show, the show moved into the studio space at Chelsea Piers that had been occupied by the original Law & Order series until its cancellation in May 2010. Fort Lee, New Jersey served as the location for Detective Elliot Stablers residence in Queens. The show originally aired on Monday nights at 9,00 p. m. ET for the first nine episodes, from September 20 through November 29,1999
15.
NBC
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The National Broadcasting Company is an American commercial broadcast television network that is the flagship property of NBCUniversal, a subsidiary of Comcast. The network is part of the Big Three television networks, founded in 1926 by the Radio Corporation of America, NBC is the oldest major broadcast network in the United States. Following the acquisition by GE, Bob Wright served as executive officer of NBC, remaining in that position until his retirement in 2007. In 2003, French media company Vivendi merged its entertainment assets with GE, Comcast purchased a controlling interest in the company in 2011, and acquired General Electrics remaining stake in 2013. Following the Comcast merger, Zucker left NBC Universal and was replaced as CEO by Comcast executive Steve Burke, during a period of early broadcast business consolidation, radio manufacturer Radio Corporation of America acquired New York City radio station WEAF from American Telephone & Telegraph. Westinghouse, a shareholder in RCA, had an outlet in Newark, New Jersey pioneer station WJZ. This station was transferred from Westinghouse to RCA in 1923, WEAF acted as a laboratory for AT&Ts manufacturing and supply outlet Western Electric, whose products included transmitters and antennas. The Bell System, AT&Ts telephone utility, was developing technologies to transmit voice- and music-grade audio over short and long distances, the 1922 creation of WEAF offered a research-and-development center for those activities. WEAF maintained a schedule of radio programs, including some of the first commercially sponsored programs. In an early example of chain or networking broadcasting, the station linked with Outlet Company-owned WJAR in Providence, Rhode Island, AT&T refused outside companies access to its high-quality phone lines. The early effort fared poorly, since the telegraph lines were susceptible to atmospheric. In 1925, AT&T decided that WEAF and its network were incompatible with the companys primary goal of providing a telephone service. AT&T offered to sell the station to RCA in a deal that included the right to lease AT&Ts phone lines for network transmission, the divisions ownership was split among RCA, its founding corporate parent General Electric and Westinghouse. NBC officially started broadcasting on November 15,1926, WEAF and WJZ, the flagships of the two earlier networks, were operated side-by-side for about a year as part of the new NBC. On April 5,1927, NBC expanded to the West Coast with the launch of the NBC Orange Network and this was followed by the debut of the NBC Gold Network, also known as the Pacific Gold Network, on October 18,1931. The Orange Network carried Red Network programming, and the Gold Network carried programming from the Blue Network, initially, the Orange Network recreated Eastern Red Network programming for West Coast stations at KPO in San Francisco. The Orange Network name was removed from use in 1936, at the same time, the Gold Network became part of the Blue Network. In the 1930s, NBC also developed a network for shortwave radio stations, in 1927, NBC moved its operations to 711 Fifth Avenue in Manhattan, occupying the upper floors of a building designed by architect Floyd Brown
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Child abuse
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Child abuse or child maltreatment is physical, sexual, or psychological mistreatment or neglect of a child or children, especially by a parent or other caregiver. Different jurisdictions have developed their own definitions of what constitutes child abuse for the purposes of removing a child from his/her family and/or prosecuting a criminal charge, definitions of what constitutes child abuse vary among professionals, and between social and cultural groups, as well as across time. The terms abuse and maltreatment are often used interchangeably in the literature, Child maltreatment can also be an umbrella term covering all forms of child abuse and child neglect. Defining child maltreatment depends on prevailing cultural values as they relate to children, child development, in general, abuse refers to acts of commission while neglect refers to acts of omission. Child maltreatment includes both acts of commission and acts of omission on the part of parents or caregivers that cause actual or threatened harm to a child. Delayed effects of abuse and neglect, especially emotional neglect. The World Health Organization distinguishes four types of maltreatment, physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional and psychological abuse. Among professionals and the public, people often do not agree on what behaviors constitute physical abuse of a child. Physical abuse often does not occur in isolation, but as part of a constellation of behaviors including authoritarian control, anxiety-provoking behavior, and this includes hitting, beating, kicking, shaking, biting, strangling, scalding, burning, poisoning and suffocating. Much physical violence against children in the home is inflicted with the object of punishing, joan Durrant and Ron Ensom write that most physical abuse is physical punishment in intent, form, and effect. Overlapping definitions of abuse and physical punishment of children highlight a subtle or non-existent distinction between abuse and punishment. Multiple injuries or fractures at different stages of healing can raise suspicion of abuse, physical abuse in childhood has also been linked to homelessness in adulthood. Child sexual abuse is a form of abuse in which an adult or older adolescent abuses a child for sexual stimulation. Sexual abuse refers to the participation of a child in an act aimed toward the physical gratification or the financial profit of the person committing the act. Selling the sexual services of children may be viewed and treated as child abuse rather than simple incarceration, Children who are the victims are also at an increased risk of sexually transmitted infections due to their immature immune systems and a high potential for mucosal tears during forced sexual contact. In the United States, approximately 15% to 25% of women, in over one-third of cases, the perpetrator is also a minor. In 2014, the APA stated that, Childhood psychological abuse as harmful as sexual or physical abuse, nearly 3 million U. S. children experience some form of maltreatment annually. Psychological maltreatment is the most challenging and prevalent form of child abuse, victims of emotional abuse may react by distancing themselves from the abuser, internalizing the abusive words, or fighting back by insulting the abuser
17.
Connecticut Post
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The Connecticut Post is a daily newspaper located in Bridgeport, Connecticut. It serves Fairfield County and the Lower Naugatuck Valley, the newspaper is owned and operated by the Hearst Communications, a multinational corporate media conglomerate with $4 billion in revenues. The Connecticut Post also gained revenue by offering classified advertising for job hunters with very minimal regulation and other separate listings for products, the paper competes directly with the Register in Stratford, Milford, and portions of the Lower Naugatuck Valley. The most recent editor, James H. Smith, departed abruptly on June 26,2008, no reason was given to staff, but Smith later attributed his departure to mutual agreement. Smith had attempted to take the newspaper in a different direction, stressing slice-of-life style features and enterprise, in recent years he has avoided layoffs despite economic pressures, opting instead to offer buyouts and drastically cut the freelance budget. Consequently, while the Post does provide solid coverage of Bridgeport, the newspaper was formerly the morning Bridgeport Telegram and evening Bridgeport Post before consolidating into a morning publication. The Bridgeport Telegram ran from at least 1908 to 1929 and again from 1938 to 1990, the Post was formerly owned by Thomson Corporation, a national newspaper chain. In 2000, Thomson agreed to sell the Post for $205 million to MediaNews Group, based in Denver, Colorado, on August 8,2008 the Hearst Corporation acquired the Connecticut Post and www. ConnPost. com, including seven non-daily newspapers, from MediaNews Group, Inc. In 2010, the Connecticut Post launched a complete re-design which included a new font, some significant stories the Post has broken include former Bridgeport Mayor Joseph Ganims bribery scandal and former Bridgeport Mayor John Fabrizis admission of using cocaine. In 2008, under Smiths leadership, the Connecticut Post received its first Newspaper of the Year Award from the New England Newspaper Association. Comedian and actor Richard Belzer, a Bridgeport native, was a paperboy and later a reporter for the Post. Connecticut Post Official mobile website Hearst Corporation History of the Connecticut Post
18.
Dean College
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Dean College is a private college located in Franklin, Massachusetts. It grants associate degrees in twenty majors and bachelor degrees in thirteen majors, Dean College was founded by Dr. Oliver Dean as a co-educational academy in 1865. Dr. Dean was a benefactor of the academy and donated approximately nine acres of land for the site of the school. After the groundbreaking ceremony held earlier in the year, the first class at Dean Academy began on October 1,1866, the students held class in the local Universalist Church. Dean Hall, the building of Dean Academy, was not finished until 1868. During the summer of 1872, Dean Hall was completely destroyed by fire, on June 7,1874, the newly rebuilt Dean Hall was rededicated. The school mascot is a bulldog named Boomer, notable alumni include Richard Belzer who was kicked out of Dean College when it was known as Dean Junior College. The founders of CVS Pharmacy, Sid Goldstein and Stanley Goldstein, the College has announced plans for a new 120 bed residence hall building to be completed in December 2012. The new residence hall will be used to house upperclassmen, Dean College offers thirteen bachelors degrees and twenty associate degrees. Dean also offers a study program to serve students of all ages who wish to pursue their education on a part-time basis. Part-time students may earn one of five certificates. The school provides mentoring, tutoring and other personalized learning services for students diverse learning styles. The teams are known as the Bulldogs, green, executive chairman of the Accenture consulting firm
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Franklin, Massachusetts
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The Town of Franklin is a city in Norfolk County, Massachusetts, United States. Franklin is one of fourteen Massachusetts municipalities that have applied for, as of 2012, the citys population was 33,092. It is home to the countrys first library, with its first books donated by Benjamin Franklin and it also contains the largest Catholic parish in the Boston Archdiocese, St. Marys Catholic church, with some 15,000 members. Franklin was first settled by Europeans in 1660 and officially incorporated during the American Revolution, the town was formed from the western part of the town of Wrentham on February 16,1778, its designated name at incorporation was to be Exeter. However, the citizens chose to be called Franklin in honor of the statesman Benjamin Franklin. It was hoped that Benjamin Franklin would donate a bell for a steeple in the town. On November 20,1790, it was decided that the volumes would be lent to the residents of Franklin for free via its library, the Ray Memorial Library building was dedicated in 1904. The town is home to the birthplace of Americas father of public education. The town is home to what may have been the nations oldest continuously operational one-room school house. The Red Brick School was started in 1792, its building constructed in 1833, St. Marys Catholic Church, located in central Franklin and built by Matthew Sullivan, is the largest Catholic parish in the Boston Archdiocese with some 15,000 members. The town of Franklin is located in Norfolk County, Franklin is located at 42°5′N 71°24′W. According to the U. S. Census Bureau the town has an area of 27.0 square miles. Most of Franklin lies within the Charles River watershed, principal streams include Mine, Shepards, Miller, Uncas, Dix and Miscoe Brooks. Much of the marshland along Mine Brook has been protected by the Natural Valley Storage Project of the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers. The extreme southwest corner of Franklin is part of the Blackstone River watershed, the town has an impounded series of lakes known as the Franklin Reservoir, which is not used as a public drinking water supply. The lakes are now protected open space donated to the town by the late Ernest DelCarte, Beaver Pond also is a municipal recreation area and includes an artificial turf playing and recreation field, and playground. In the summer, it is a spot for swimming and fishing. The beach is used for volleyball games
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Census
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A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population. It is a regularly occurring and official count of a particular population, the term is used mostly in connection with national population and housing censuses, other common censuses include agriculture, business, and traffic censuses. United Nations recommendations also cover census topics to be collected, official definitions, classifications, the word is of Latin origin, during the Roman Republic, the census was a list that kept track of all adult males fit for military service. Current administrative data systems allow for other approaches to enumeration with the level of detail but raise concerns about privacy. A census can be contrasted with sampling in which information is obtained only from a subset of a population, typically main population estimates are updated by such intercensal estimates. Modern census data are used for research, business marketing, and planning. Census counts are necessary to adjust samples to be representative of a population by weighting them as is common in opinion polling, similarly, stratification requires knowledge of the relative sizes of different population strata which can be derived from census enumerations. In some countries, the census provides the official used to apportion the number of elected representatives to regions. In many cases, a carefully chosen random sample can provide accurate information than attempts to get a population census. A census is often construed as the opposite of a sample as its intent is to count everyone in a rather than a fraction. However, population censuses rely on a frame to count the population. This is the way to be sure that everyone has been included as otherwise those not responding would not be followed up on. The fundamental premise of a census is that the population is not known, the use of a sampling frame is counterintuitive as it suggests that the population size is already known. However, a census is also used to collect data on the individuals in the nation. This process of sampling marks the difference between historical census, which was a house to house process or the product of a decree. The sampling frame used by census is almost always an address register, thus it is not known if there is anyone resident or how many people there are in each household. Depending on the mode of enumeration, a form is sent to the householder, as a preliminary to the dispatch of forms, census workers will check any address problems on the ground. While it may seem straightforward to use the postal service file for this purpose, a particular problem is what are termed communal establishments which category includes student residences, religious orders, homes for the elderly, people in prisons etc
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New York City
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The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over an area of about 302.6 square miles. Located at the tip of the state of New York. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has described as the cultural and financial capital of the world. Situated on one of the worlds largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, the five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. In 2013, the MSA produced a gross metropolitan product of nearly US$1.39 trillion, in 2012, the CSA generated a GMP of over US$1.55 trillion. NYCs MSA and CSA GDP are higher than all but 11 and 12 countries, New York City traces its origin to its 1624 founding in Lower Manhattan as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the countrys largest city since 1790, the Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a symbol of the United States and its democracy. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. Several sources have ranked New York the most photographed city in the world, the names of many of the citys bridges, tapered skyscrapers, and parks are known around the world. Manhattans real estate market is among the most expensive in the world, Manhattans Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere, with multiple signature Chinatowns developing across the city. Providing continuous 24/7 service, the New York City Subway is one of the most extensive metro systems worldwide, with 472 stations in operation. Over 120 colleges and universities are located in New York City, including Columbia University, New York University, and Rockefeller University, during the Wisconsinan glaciation, the New York City region was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet over 1,000 feet in depth. The ice sheet scraped away large amounts of soil, leaving the bedrock that serves as the foundation for much of New York City today. Later on, movement of the ice sheet would contribute to the separation of what are now Long Island and Staten Island. The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown and he claimed the area for France and named it Nouvelle Angoulême. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he returned to Spain in August and he proceeded to sail up what the Dutch would name the North River, named first by Hudson as the Mauritius after Maurice, Prince of Orange
22.
The Improv
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The Improv is a comedy club franchise. Originally, it was a single venue founded in 1963 by Budd Friedman, a second location was opened in 1974 at 8162 Melrose Avenue in the Fairfax District of Los Angeles, California. In 1979 Mark Lonow became a partner and with Budd Friedman ran the Melrose club. Other locations have opened since then, such as in Tampa, Florida, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, Atlantic City, levity Entertainment Group is the largest shareholder of The Improv comedy clubs. The Improv was the place to see Richard Pryor, Robert Klein, Steve Landesberg, Bette Midler, Lily Tomlin, Jay Leno, and others when they were just starting out. On any given night in the later 1970s, one could see Gilbert Gottfried, Joe Piscopo, Bruce Mahler, Mark Schiff, Larry David, often famous comedians would walk in to work out before appearances on The Tonight Show. It was not unusual to find celebrities in the audience, New and upcoming performers have performed there as well. Comedy Centrals Dave Attell frequents Improv locations in Tampa and Hollywood, comics Lewis Black, Mike Birbiglia, Louis CK and Jimmy Fallon have performed at the Improv in Louisville, Kentucky. Comedian Eddie Murphy was a regular at The Comic Strip in New York City, but in California performed at the Improv when he was only 15 years old, Jeremy Ruder at 18, and Jim Carrey at 19. Karen Black, Debra Winger and Barry Manilow among others worked there as waitresses, hosts or musicians before becoming famous
23.
The Groove Tube
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The Groove Tube is a 1974 American Independent comedy film written and produced by Ken Shapiro and starring Shapiro, Richard Belzer and Chevy Chase. It features the song Move On Up by Curtis Mayfield in its opening scene, the low-budget movie satirizes television and the counterculture of the early 1970s. He also supervised the films soundtrack, several spoof TV commercials are featured, including a few for the fictional Uranus Corporation. One Uranus commercial touts the amazing properties of its space-age polymer product Brown 25, It has the strength of steel, the flexibility of rubber, the Groove Tube was originally released with an X rating. List of American films of 1974 The Groove Tube at the Internet Movie Database The Groove Tube at AllMovie The Groove Tube at Rotten Tomatoes
24.
Saturday Night Live
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Saturday Night Live is an American late-night live television sketch comedy and variety show created by Lorne Michaels and developed by Dick Ebersol. The show premiered on NBC on October 11,1975, under the original title NBCs Saturday Night, the shows comedy sketches, which parody contemporary culture and politics, are performed by a large and varying cast of repertory and newer cast members. Each episode is hosted by a celebrity guest and features performances by a musical guest, an episode normally begins with a cold open sketch that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming, Live from New York, its Saturday Night. In 1980, Michaels left the series to other opportunities. He was replaced by Jean Doumanian, who was replaced by Ebersol after a season of bad reviews, Ebersol ran the show until 1985, when Michaels returned, Michaels has remained since then. Many of SNLs cast found national stardom while appearing on the show, others associated with the show, such as writers, have gone on to successful careers creating, writing, or starring in TV and film. The show format has developed and recreated in several countries. Successful sketches have seen life outside of the show as feature films, throughout four decades on air, Saturday Night Live has received a number of awards, including 50 Primetime Emmy Awards, two Peabody Awards, and three Writers Guild of America Awards. In 2000, it was inducted into the National Association of Broadcasters Hall of Fame and it was ranked tenth in TV Guides 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time list, and in 2007 it was listed as one of Time magazines 100 Best TV Shows of All-TIME. As of 2012, it has received 156 Emmy nominations, the most received by any TV show, the live aspect of the show has resulted in several controversies and acts of censorship, with mistakes and intentional acts of sabotage by performers as well as guests. From 1965 until September 1975, NBC ran The Best of Carson reruns of The Tonight Show, in 1974, Johnny Carson announced that he wanted the weekend shows pulled and saved so that they could be aired during weeknights, allowing him to take time off. In 1974, NBC president Herbert Schlosser approached his vice president of late night programming, Dick Ebersol, at the suggestion of Paramount Pictures executive Barry Diller, Schlosser and Ebersol then approached Lorne Michaels. Over the next three weeks, Ebersol and Michaels developed the idea for a variety show featuring high-concept comedy sketches, political satire. By 1975 Michaels had assembled a talented cast, including Dan Aykroyd, John Belushi, Chevy Chase, Jane Curtin, Garrett Morris, Laraine Newman, Michael ODonoghue, Gilda Radner, and George Coe. The show was originally called NBCs Saturday Night, because Saturday Night Live was in use by Saturday Night Live with Howard Cosell on the rival network ABC, NBC purchased the rights to the name in 1976 and officially adopted the new title on March 26,1977. In 1975 and 1976, they were the most desirable demographic for television advertisers, NBC executives agreed with Michaels and decided to keep the show on the air despite many angry letters and phone calls that the network received from viewers who were offended by certain sketches. Chevy Chase left the show in November of the season and was replaced a few months later by the then-unknown comic actor Bill Murray. Aykroyd and Belushi left the show in 1979 after the end of season four, in May 1980, Michaels—emotionally and physically exhausted—requested to put the show on hiatus for a year to give him time and energy to pursue other projects
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Warren Zevon
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Warren William Zevon was an American rock singer-songwriter and musician. Zevon also wrote major hits that were recorded by artists, including Poor Poor Pitiful Me, Accidentally Like a Martyr, Mohammeds Radio, Carmelita. He was a frequent guest on Late Night with David Letterman, Letterman later performed guest vocals on Hit Somebody. With Paul Shaffer and members of the CBS Orchestra on Zevons album My Rides Here, Zevon was born in Chicago, Illinois, the son of Beverly Cope and William Zevon. His father was a Jewish immigrant from Russia, and his surname was Zivotovsky. Warrens mother was from a Mormon family and was of English descent, by the age of 13, Zevon was an occasional visitor to the home of Igor Stravinsky, where he briefly studied modern classical music alongside Robert Craft. Zevons parents divorced when he was 16 years old, he quit high school. Zevon turned to a musical career early, including a stretch with high school friend Violet Santangelo as a duo called lyme & cybelle. He spent time as a musician and jingle composer. He wrote several songs for his White Whale label-mates The Turtles, another early composition was included in the soundtrack for the film Midnight Cowboy. Zevons first attempt at a solo album Wanted Dead or Alive was produced by 1960s cult figure Kim Fowley, flashes of Zevons later writing preoccupations of romantic loss and noir-ish violence are present in songs like Tules Blues and A Bullet for Ramona. During the early 1970s, Zevon toured regularly with the Everly Brothers as keyboard player, band leader, later during the same decade, he toured and recorded with Don Everly and Phil Everly separately, as they tried to launch solo careers after their breakup. Together they composed Roland the Headless Thompson Gunner, by September 1975, Zevon had returned to Los Angeles where he roomed with Stevie Nicks and Lindsey Buckingham, neither famous at the time. There he collaborated with Jackson Browne, who produced and promoted Zevons self-titled major-label debut in 1976, contributors to this album included Nicks, Buckingham, Mick Fleetwood, John McVie, members of the Eagles, Carl Wilson, Linda Ronstadt, and Bonnie Raitt. Ronstadt elected to many of his songs, including Hasten Down the Wind, Carmelita, Poor Poor Pitiful Me. Zevon was a darker and more ironic songwriter than Browne. But he and his 1970s L. A. peers shared a grounding in folk and country influences. In 1978, Zevon released Excitable Boy to critical acclaim and popular success, critic Dave Marsh, in The Rolling Stone Record Guide, called Zevon one of the toughest rockers ever to come out of Southern California
26.
Excitable Boy
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Excitable Boy is the third studio album by Warren Zevon. The album was released on January 18,1978, by Asylum Records and it includes the top 40 success Werewolves of London. The album brought Warren to commercial attention and remains the album of his career. A remastered and expanded edition was released in 2007, the tracks Excitable Boy and Werewolves of London were considered macabrely humorous by some critics. The historical Veracruz dramatizes the United States occupation of Veracruz, lawyers, Guns and Money is a tongue-in-cheek tale of a young American mans adventures in Cold War era Latin America. In addition, there are two ballads about life and relationships, as well as a dance tune, all songs written by Warren Zevon except as noted. D
27.
Fame (1980 film)
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Fame is a 1980 American teen musical drama film directed by Alan Parker, and written by Christopher Gore. The film follows a group of students during their studies at the High School of Performing Arts in New York City, from their auditions to their freshman, sophomore, junior and senior years. Producer David De Silva conceived the idea in 1976 and commissioned Gore to begin work on a script that would depict the lives of students attending the High School of Performing Arts. The script became the subject of a war among a host of established film studios before it was sold to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. After the release of his previous film Midnight Express, Parker signed on to direct the film and rewrote the script with Gore, aiming for a more dramatic, principal photography commenced in July 1979 and concluded after 91 days, with a budget of $8.5 million. The film was shot on location in New York City, MGM gave Fame a platform release which involved releasing the film in select cities, before expanding distribution in the following weeks. While it received mixed reviews from film critics, Fame was a box office success. The film received awards and nominations, it was nominated for six Academy Awards. The success of the film spawned a media franchise encompassing several television series, stage musicals, and a remake that was released in 2009. Auditions In New York City, a group of teenagers audition to study at the High School of Performing Arts, where they are sorted into three different departments, Drama, Music and Dance. Accepted in the Drama department are Montgomery MacNeil, a homosexual, Doris Finsecker, a shy Jewish girl, and Ralph Garci. In the Music department, Bruno Martelli is an aspiring keyboardist whose electronic equipment horrifies Mr. Shorofsky, Lisa Monroe is accepted in the Dance department, despite having no interest in the subject. Coco Hernandez is accepted in all three departments because of her all-around talent, Leroy Johnson goes to the school, performing as part of a dance routine for an auditioning friend, but the dance teachers are more impressed by his talents than hers. Freshman year The students learn during their first day of classes that academics are weighed equally with performance, Doris, overwhelmed by the energy and spontaneity in the lunchroom, flees and meets Montgomery. As the year progresses, Coco tries to convince Bruno to book performing gigs with her, Doris befriends Montgomery, but worries that she is too ordinary against the colorful personalities of the other students. Leroy and his English teacher, Mrs. Sherwood, clash over his refusal to do homework and it is later revealed that Leroy is illiterate and ashamed to admit it. Bruno and his father argue over Brunos reluctance to play his music publicly. Miss Berg, the schools Dance teacher, warns Lisa that she is not working hard enough, Michael, a graduating senior, wins a prestigious scholarship and tells Doris that the William Morris Agency wants to send him out for auditions for television pilots
28.
Night Shift (film)
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Night Shift is a 1982 American comedy film, directed by Ron Howard, concerning a timid night shift morgue employee whose life is turned upside down by a free-spirited entrepreneur. It stars Howards Happy Days co-star Henry Winkler along with Michael Keaton, in his first starring role, also appearing are Richard Belzer and Clint Howard. A young Kevin Costner has a scene as Frat Boy #1, Shannen Doherty appears as a Bluebell scout. Winkler was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor - Motion Picture Musical or Comedy, Chuck, formerly a successful stockbroker, has found a refuge from the ulcer-inducing Wall Street rat race in his job as an attendant at the New York City morgue. His displeasure at being promoted to Night Shift Supervisor to make room for his bosss nephew is exacerbated by the exuberance of Bill Blaze Blazejowski. They are inspired by the plight of Chucks prostitute neighbor, Belinda, to apply Chucks financial acumen, Chuck falls in love with Belinda, but their relationship becomes complicated when Belinda refuses to quit prostitution. Chucks passiveness keeps him from telling Belinda he loves her, meanwhile, Chuck and Bills foray into the prostitution business draws the ire of dangerous pimps who come to the morgue and threaten to kill Chuck. Bill inadvertently leads undercover cops to the morgue where Chuck is being assaulted by the pimps, Chuck and Bill are rescued, but are arrested for promoting prostitution. Because their arrest would be an embarrassment, the guys are offered their old jobs back. Chuck accepts this, but Bill sees it as an opportunity to bargain with the mayors office, Chuck and Bill fight and part ways. Chucks fiancée breaks up with him, Chuck sees Belinda in the hall of their apartment complex, but again fails to express his true feelings for her. Belinda leaves, and Chuck becomes angry with himself for being afraid, with renewed determination, Chuck finds Belinda working in an adult club and professes his love for her. He also finds Bill is employed there as a towel boy, the three leave the club together and go out on the town. The movies opening song is Night Shift by Quarterflash. The closing theme song, Thats What Friends Are For, performed by Rod Stewart, was written by Burt Bacharach, the official soundtrack was released in 1982 on the Ladd Company label and was distributed by Warner Bros. The versions of Talk Talk and Penthouse and Pavement that are on the soundtrack are different from any other releases of the songs as they were mixed for the soundtrack. Night Shift earned approximately $21.1 million at the box office. The film received positive reviews from critics
29.
Scarface (1983 movie)
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Scarface is a 1983 American crime film directed by Brian De Palma and written by Oliver Stone, a remake of the 1932 film of the same name. The film tells the story of Cuban refugee Tony Montana who arrives in 1980s Miami with nothing, the cast also features Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio, Steven Bauer, and Michelle Pfeiffer. Scarface was released on December 9,1983 and was a box office success, initial critical reception was mixed, with criticism over excessive violence and profanity and graphic drug usage. Some Cuban expatriates in Miami objected to the portrayal of Cubans as criminals. In the years followed, the film has received reappraisal from critics, considered by some to be one of the best mob films ever made. Screenwriters and directors such as Martin Scorsese have praised the film, which has been referenced extensively in rap music, comic books, and video games. In 1980, Cuban refugee Antonio Tony Montana arrives in Miami, Florida, the four are released from the camp in exchange for assassinating a former Cuban government official at the request of wealthy drug dealer Frank Lopez, and they are given green cards. They become dishwashers in a diner, Franks henchman Omar Suarez gives the group the opportunity to purchase cocaine from Colombian dealers, but the deal collapses. Angel is dismembered with a chainsaw, while Manny and Chi-Chi rescue Tony, suspecting that Omar betrayed them, Tony and Manny insist on personally delivering the recovered drugs and money to Frank. During their meeting, Tony is attracted to Franks girlfriend Elvira Hancock and he and Manny are hired to work for Frank. Months later, Tony visits his mother Georgina and younger sister Gina, disgusted by his life of crime, Georgina throws Tony out. Manny comments on Ginas beauty before being warned by Tony to stay away from her, Frank sends Tony and Omar to Bolivia to meet with cocaine kingpin Alejandro Sosa. Tony negotiates a deal without Franks approval, angering Omar, who leaves to contact Frank, Sosa claims that Omar is a police informant and then has Tony witness as a beaten Omar is hanged from a helicopter. Tony vouches for Franks organization, so Sosa agrees to the deal, back in Miami, Frank is infuriated by Omars demise and the unauthorized deal struck by Tony, prompting Tony to establish his own organization. At a nightclub, corrupt detective Mel Bernstein attempts to extort money from Tony in return for protection and information. Tony angers Frank further by openly pursuing Elvira in the club, Gina is also there, and Tony notices her dancing and being groped by a man. Hit men attempt to assassinate Tony, but he escapes from the club, Tony, Manny, and Chi-Chi go to Franks office, certain that his former boss sent both Bernstein and the assassins. At gunpoint, Frank confesses to his involvement and begs for his life, Tony marries Elvira and becomes the dealer of Sosas supplies
30.
Music video
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A music video is a short film integrating a song and imagery, produced for promotional or artistic purposes. Modern music videos are made and used as a marketing device intended to promote the sale of music recordings. There are also cases where songs are used in tie in marketing campaigns that allow them to more than just a song. Tie ins and merchandising could be used in toys or marketing campaigns for food, although the origins of music videos date back to musical short films that first appeared in the 1920s, they came into prominence in the 1980s when MTV based their format around the medium. Prior to the 1980s, these works were described by terms including illustrated song, filmed insert, promotional film, promotional clip, promotional video, song video. Music videos use a range of styles of contemporary videomaking techniques, including animation, live action filming, documentaries. Some music videos blend different styles, such as animation, music, combining these styles and techniques has become more popular because of the variation it presents to the audience. Many music videos interpret images and scenes from the songs lyrics, other music videos may be without a set concept, being merely a filmed version of the songs live performance. Product placement is a technique in music videos, exemplified by the appearance of the Beats Pill in numerous hip hop videos. In 1894, sheet music publishers Edward B, marks and Joe Stern hired electrician George Thomas and various performers to promote sales of their song The Little Lost Child. Using a magic lantern, Thomas projected a series of images on a screen simultaneous to live performances. This would become a form of entertainment known as the illustrated song. In 1926, with the arrival of many musical short films were produced. Vitaphone shorts featured many bands, vocalists and dancers, early 1930s cartoons featured popular musicians performing their hit songs on-camera in live-action segments during the cartoons. The early animated films by Walt Disney, such as the Silly Symphonies shorts and especially Fantasia, the Warner Brothers cartoons, even today billed as Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies, were initially fashioned around specific songs from upcoming Warner Brothers musical films. Live action musical shorts, featuring such performers as Cab Calloway, were also distributed to theaters. Blues singer Bessie Smith appeared in a short film called St. Louis Blues featuring a dramatized performance of the hit song. Numerous other musicians appeared in short musical subjects during this period, soundies, produced and released from 1940 to 1947, were musical films that often included short dance sequences, similar to later music videos
31.
Mike and the Mechanics
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Mike + The Mechanics are an English pop/rock supergroup formed in 1985 as a side project of Mike Rutherford, one of the founding members of the band Genesis. The band are known for their hit singles Silent Running, All I Need Is a Miracle, Word of Mouth, Over My Shoulder, initially, the band included Rutherford, vocalists Paul Carrack and Paul Young, keyboardist Adrian Lee and drummer Peter Van Hooke. Carrack was generally assigned to ballads and more pop-oriented numbers, while Young handled the bands heavier work, after a successful decade, Lee and Van Hooke dropped out in 1995, and were not replaced. Following Youngs death in 2000, Carrack became the sole lead vocalist until 2004 when the band went on hiatus, with Rutherford. The band identity was revived in 2010, consisting of Rutherford, during hiatuses from Genesis, Mike Rutherford had been pursuing a solo career, releasing Smallcreeps Day in 1980 and Acting Very Strange in 1982. However, he found the process of recording a solo album excessively difficult, and he recalled, I had a revelation, too, in this time period. That Im not complete on my own. Im much more creative and inspired when there are people around me. Besides producing, Neil co-wrote most of the songs, selected the material for inclusion and he would continue to play a key role in the bands albums for their first decade of existence. Rutherford was more satisfied with the resulting album and decided to continue the band indefinitely. When the album was released in 1985, his decision was bolstered by its immense commercial success. Silent Running was featured in the movie On Dangerous Ground, released in North American cinemas in 1986 as Choke Canyon, the song The Living Years featured on the bands second album Living Years. The song was sung by Carrack, who had lost his own father when he was eleven years old. The album also featured the song Nobodys Perfect, which was sung by Young, at this point Carrack began to take a much larger role in the band, joining their stable of songwriters and adding keyboards to his repertoire. The groups third album, Word of Mouth, followed in 1991 and scored another trio of hits, despite long hiatuses due to Rutherfords work with Genesis, there seemed no end to the bands success. Their fourth album, Beggar on a Beach of Gold, did not appear until 1995, when it did, however, it was met with critical acclaim and yielded both the hit title track and single Over My Shoulder. Their run of successes was capped with 1996s Hits, which compiled most of their hit singles with a new reworking of All I Need is a Miracle that hit number 27 in the UK, the album was certified platinum in the UK within two months of its release. In 1995, the band began to fall apart, Adrian Lee and Peter Van Hooke left, however, Rutherford opted to continue Mike + the Mechanics as a singer/songwriter trio. The groups fifth album was released in 1999, Mike & The Mechanics
32.
Taken In
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Taken In is a pop rock song performed by Mike + The Mechanics. As with all the songs on Mike + The Mechanics, Taken In began life as a bit of material on a set of tapes that Mike Rutherford showed to producer Christopher Neil. According to Rutherford, this fragment has to be the tiniest bit youve ever heard on my tape. If you closed your eyes, you missed it, and Chris picked it out, again, and said You work on that. Taken In, like the preceding single All I Need Is a Miracle and it reached number 32 on the Billboard Hot 100 in August 1986, it was the bands last US Top 40 appearance until 1989s The Living Years. The lyric Theres one born every minute, and youre looking at him is a reference to the popular expression Theres a sucker born every minute, the video for the song opens with Mike Rutherford placing a collect call to a fictional tour manager for the band. After the van is repaired, the band reaches the house, the reason behind the managers odd behavior then becomes apparent, he has accidentally double-booked the house to a family with a half dozen children, who are awakened by the bands performance. The mother is confused and upset by the presence, but the father, seeing that the children are enjoying the music, suggests that they let the band finish the song. Afterwards, Rutherford apologizes to the father and appeals to him to let them stay and he readily agrees since the children all like the band members, and they all spend the next day at the beach. The band then heads back on tour, but the van breaks down again, in an apparent play on the bands name, they try to fix it themselves, but the same family drives by and gives them a lift. As they drive off, all the bands equipment piled up on the cars roof, the role of bassist in the video was played by Paul Youngs former bandmate Ashley Mulford. Mulford did not play on any of Mike + The Mechanicss actual sound recordings, but was part of their real life touring band for a time
33.
Pat Benatar
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Patricia Mae Andrzejewski, known professionally by her stage name Pat Benatar, is an American coloratura mezzo-soprano singer, actress, songwriter, and four time Grammy Award winner. Other popular singles include Heartbreaker, Treat Me Right, Fire and Ice, Promises in the Dark, Shadows of the Night, Benatars recordings were heavily played in the early days of MTV, she was the second artist to be played there, performing You Better Run. Patricia Mae Andrzejewski was born in Greenpoint, Brooklyn, New York City and her mother, Mildred, was a beautician, and her father, Andrew Andrzejewski, was a sheet-metal worker. Her father was of Polish descent and her mother was of German, English and her family moved to North Hamilton Avenue in Lindenhurst, New York, a village in the Long Island town of Babylon. She became interested in theater and began voice lessons, singing her first solo at the age of eight, at Daniel Street Elementary School, a song called It Must Be Spring. Benatar trained as a coloratura with plans to attend the Juilliard School, in 1971, Benatar quit her job to pursue a singing career after being inspired by a Liza Minnelli concert she saw in Richmond. She got a job as a waitress at a flapper-esque nightclub named The Roaring Twenties and got a gig singing in the lounge band Coxons Army. The band was the subject of a never-aired PBS special, its bassist Roger Capps was later the original bass player for the Pat Benatar Band, in 1975 Benatar performed at an amateur night at the comedy club Catch a Rising Star in New York. Her rendition of Judy Garlands Rock-a-Bye Your Baby With a Dixie Melody earned her a call back by club owner Rick Newman, who became her manager. The couple moved to New York following Dennis discharge from the army, Halloween 1977 proved a pivotal night in Benatars early, spandexed stage persona. She entered a Halloween contest at the Cafe Figaro in Greenwich Village dressed as a character from the film Cat-Women of the Moon, later that evening, she went onstage at Catch a Rising Star still in costume. Between appearances at Catch a Rising Star, she recorded commercial jingles for Pepsi Cola and she headlined New York Citys Tramps nightclub for four days in the spring of 1978, where her performance was heard by representatives from several record companies. She was signed to Chrysalis Records by co-founder Terry Ellis the following week, Benatar and Dennis divorced shortly after. Benatars debut album In the Heat of the Night was released in August 1979, mike Chapman produced three tracks on the album, while engineer Peter Coleman oversaw the rest. The album also featured two songs written by Roger Capps and Benatar, and I Need a Lover written by John Mellencamp and Dont Let It Show written by Alan Parsons, the album was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America in December 1980. In Canada it was certified 4x platinum where it peaked at number 3 on the RPM albums chart If You Think You Know How to Love Me was the first single to be released on September 14,1979. Benatars second single Heartbreaker was released on October 26,1979 and became a hit, a third single We Live for Love, which was written by her future husband Neil Giraldo, was released in February 1980, and reached US #27. Hit Me With Your Best Shot was her first single to break the US Top 10, the album also featured a changed-tempo cover of Kate Bushs Wuthering Heights
34.
Kansas (band)
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Kansas is an American rock band that became popular in the 1970s initially on album-oriented rock charts and later with hit singles such as Carry On Wayward Son and Dust in the Wind. The band has produced eight albums, three multi-platinum albums, one platinum live album and a million-selling single, Dust in the Wind. Kansas appeared on the Billboard charts for over 200 weeks throughout the 1970s and 1980s and played to sold-out arenas and stadiums throughout North America, Europe, Carry On Wayward Son was the second-most-played track on US classic rock radio in 1995 and No.1 in 1997. In 1969 Lynn Meredith, Don Montre, Dan Wright and Kerry Livgren were performing in a band called The Reasons Why in their hometown of Topeka, Kansas. After changing the name to Saratoga, they started playing Livgrens original material with Scott Kessler playing bass. In 1970 they changed the name to Kansas and merged with members of rival Topeka progressive rock group White Clover. White Clover members Dave Hope and Phil Ehart joined with Livgren, vocalists Meredith and Greg Allen, keyboardists Montre and Wright and saxophonist Larry Baker. This early Kansas group, which lasted until 1971 when Ehart, Hope, Ehart was replaced by Zeke Lowe and later Brad Schulz, Hope was replaced by Rod Mikinski on bass, and Baker was replaced by John Bolton on saxophone and flute. In 1972, after Ehart returned from England, he and Hope once again reformed White Clover with Robby Steinhardt, Steve Walsh, in 1973 they recruited Livgren from the second Kansas group, which then folded. After signing with Kirshner, the decided to adopt the Kansas name. Their self-titled debut album, produced by Gold, was released in March 1974 and it defined the bands signature sound, a mix of American-style boogie rock and complex, symphonic arrangements with changing time signatures. Steinhardts violin was an element of the groups sound, being defined more by heartland rock than the jazz. The band slowly developed a following, due to promotion by Kirshner and extensive touring for the debut album. Both Masque and their release, Leftoverture, were recorded at a studio in the middle of the Louisiana Bayou named Studio in the Country. Kansas released its album, Leftoverture, in October 1976. The follow-up, Point of Know Return, recorded at Studio in the Country and Woodland Sound in Nashville and released in October 1977, featured the track and Dust in the Wind. Leftoverture was a breakthrough for the band, hitting No.5 on Billboards pop album chart, Point of Know Return peaked even higher, at No.4. Leftoverture and Point each sold over four copies in the U. S
35.
A Very Brady Sequel
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A Very Brady Sequel is a 1996 American comedy film and sequel to The Brady Bunch Movie. The film was directed by Arlene Sanford and stars Shelley Long and Gary Cole as Carol, the film was a box office success, although not as successful as The Brady Bunch Movie. A second sequel, the made-for-television feature The Brady Bunch in the White House, one evening, a man claiming to be Carols long-lost first husband, Roy Martin, shows up at the suburban Brady residence. He is actually a con man named Trevor Thomas and is there to steal their familiar horse statue that is actually a $20 million ancient artifact and they, portrayed as naïve, believe his story about suffering from amnesia and having plastic surgery after being injured. Throughout Trevors stay, he is hostile to them, his sarcasm. Bobby and Cindy start a Detective Agency hunting down her missing doll, Trevor kidnaps Carol and takes her and the artifact to a buyer in Hawaii. The remaining Brady family travels to Hawaii to save her and foil his plans, besides the main storyline, the children have their own subplots in the film. Greg and Marcia both want to out of their shared rooms and when neither wants to back down. When Trevors arrival suggests that Carol and Mike might not be married, Greg and that leads them to realize they are in love with each other, but try to hide it from one another throughout the movie. Eventually both cave in and they share a kiss at the end of the movie, but Marcia agrees to let Greg have the attic to himself, jans subplot involves her making up a pretend boyfriend named George Glass in order to make herself seem more popular. Jan then meets a boy named George Glass during the familys trip to Hawaii. Peter, who is trying to decide what path to choose, starts idolizing and emulating Trevor. Mike has been planning a second wedding/renewal of vows for himself and Carol, for a present without her knowing. The film received mixed reviews from film critics. It currently holds a 52% rating on Rotten Tomatoes, nonetheless the film grossed $7,052,045 on opening weekend in August 1996 debuting on 2,147 screens. Gross sales are estimated at $21,397,954
36.
Los Angeles Police Department
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The Los Angeles Police Department, officially the City of Los Angeles Police Department, is the law enforcement agency for the city of Los Angeles, California, United States. With 9,843 officers and 2,773 civilian staff, it is the third-largest municipal police department in the United States, after the New York City Police Department, the department serves an area of 498 square miles and a population of 4,030,904 people. The LAPD has been fictionalized in numerous movies, novels, the department has also been associated with a number of controversies, mainly concerned with racism, police brutality, and police corruption. The first specific Los Angeles police force was founded in 1853, as the Los Angeles Rangers, the Rangers were soon succeeded by the Los Angeles City Guards, another volunteer group. Neither force was particularly efficient and Los Angeles became known for its violence, gambling, the first paid force was created in 1869, when six officers were hired to serve under City Marshal William C. Warren. By 1900, under John M. Glass, there were 70 officers, in 1903, with the start of the Civil Service, this force was increased to 200. During World War II, under Clemence B, horrall, the overall number of personnel was depleted by the demands of the military. Despite efforts to maintain numbers, the police could do little to control the 1943 Zoot Suit Riots, Parker advocated police professionalism and autonomy from civilian administration. However, the Bloody Christmas scandal in 1951 led to calls for civilian accountability, under Parker, LAPD created the first SWAT team in United States law enforcement. Officer John Nelson and then-Inspector Daryl Gates created the program in 1965 to deal with threats from radical organizations such as the Black Panther Party operating during the Vietnam War era. The old headquarters for the LAPD was Parker Center, named former chief William H. Parker. The new headquarters is the new Police Administration Building located at 100 W. 1st St. immediately south of Los Angeles City Hall, the Los Angeles Board of Police Commissioners also known as the Police Commission, is a five-member body of appointed officials which oversees the LAPD. The board is responsible for setting policies for the department and overseeing the LAPDs overall management, the Chief of Police reports to the board, but the rest of the department reports to the chief. The Office of the Inspector General is an independent part of the LAPD that has oversight over the department’s internal disciplinary process and it was created by the recommendation of the Christopher Commission and it is exempt from civil service and reports directly to the Board of Police Commissioners. The current Inspector General is Alexander A. Bustamante who was formerly an Assistant United States Attorney, the OIG receives copies of every complaint filed against members of the LAPD as well as tracking specific cases along with any resultant litigation. The OIG also conducts audits on select investigations and conducts regular reviews of the system in order to ensure fairness. As well as overseeing the LAPDs disciplinary process, the Inspector General may undertake special investigations as directed by the Board of Police Commissioners, the Office of the Chief of Police is the administrative office comprising the Chief of Staff and the Employee Relations Group. The majority of the LAPDs approximately 10,000 officers are assigned within the Office of Operations, an Assistant Chief, currently First Assistant Chief Michel Moore, commands the office, and reports directly to the chief of police
37.
John Belushi
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John Adam Belushi was an American comedian, actor and musician. During his career he had a personal and artistic partnership with fellow SNL actor. He was posthumously honored with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, Belushis mother, Agnes Demetri, was the daughter of Albanian immigrants, and his father, Adam Anastos Belushi, was an Albanian immigrant from Qytezë. Belushi was raised in the Albanian Orthodox Church and attended Wheaton Community High School, in 1965 Belushi formed a music band, The Ravens, together with four fellow high school students. They recorded one single, Listen to Me Now/Jolly Green Giant, the record wasnt successful and the band broke up when Belushi moved to Chicago, where he enrolled at College of DuPage. Belushi started his own troupe in Chicago, The West Compass Trio, with Tino Insana. At Second City, he met and began working with Harold Ramis, in 1972 Belushi was offered a role, together with Chevy Chase and Christopher Guest, in National Lampoon Lemmings, a parody of Woodstock, which played Off-Broadway in 1972. During a trip to Toronto to check the local Second City cast in 1974, Jacklin became an associate producer for the show, and she and Belushi were married on December 31,1976. In 1975 Chevy Chase and writer Michael ODonoghue recommended Belushi to Lorne Michaels as a member for a television show Michaels was about to produce called Saturday Night Live. Michaels was initially unsure as he wasnt sure if Belushis physical humour would fit with what he was envisioning, kirk on The Last Voyage of the Starship Enterprise and a contributor of furious opinion pieces on Weekend Update, during which he coined his catchphrase, But N-O-O-O-O-O-O-O-O-O. With Aykroyd, Belushi created Jake and Elwood, the Blues Brothers, originally intended to warm up the crowd before the show, the Blues Brothers were eventually featured as music guestsBelushi also reprised his imitation of Joe Cocker from Lemmings. Cocker himself joined Belushi in 1976 and they sang together Feeling Alright, like many of his SNL fellow cast members, Belushi begun experimenting heavily with drugs to deal with the constant pressure. His unpredictable temper caused him to be fired by Michaels a number of times, in Rolling Stones February,2015 appraisal of all 141 SNL cast members to that time, Belushi received the top ranking. Belushi was the live in Saturday Night Live, they wrote, nobody embodied the highs and lows of SNL like Belushi. In 1978, he made the films Old Boyfriends, Goin South, upon its initial release, Animal House received generally mixed reviews from critics, but Time and Roger Ebert proclaimed it one of the years best. Animal House was also responsible for defining and launching the gross-out genre of films. Following the success of The Blues Brothers on SNL, Belushi and Aykroyd, with the help of pianist-arranger Paul Shaffer and these included SNL saxophonist Blue Lou Marini and trombonist-saxophonist Tom Malone, who had previously played in Blood, Sweat & Tears. In 1978 The Blues Brothers released their album, Briefcase Full of Blues
38.
Chevy Chase
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Cornelius Crane Chevy Chase is an American actor, writer, comedian and producer. Born into a prominent New York family, he worked a plethora of jobs before moving into comedy. He immediately became a key cast member in the season of Saturday Night Live. He has hosted the Academy Awards twice and briefly had his own talk show. Chase was born in Lower Manhattan, New York, and was raised in Woodstock and his father, Edward Tinsley Ned Chase, was a prominent Manhattan book editor and magazine writer. His maternal grandmother, Cathalene, was a singer who performed several times at Carnegie Hall. Chase was named for his adoptive grandfather Cornelius, while the nickname Chevy was bestowed by his grandmother, as a descendant of the Scottish Clan Douglas, the name seemed appropriate to her. Chase is a 14th-generation New Yorker, and was listed in the Social Register at an early age, according to his brother John, once told me that people who defined themselves in terms of their ancestry were like potatoes – the best parts of them were underground. He disdained the pretension of my mothers side of the family, as embodied by her mother, as a child, Chase vacationed at Castle Hill, the Cranes summer estate in Ipswich, Massachusetts. Chases parents divorced when he was four, his father remarried into the Folgers coffee family and he has stated that he grew up in an upper middle class environment and that his adoptive maternal grandfather did not bequeath any assets to Chases mother when he died. In a 2007 biography, Chase stated that he was physically and psychologically abused as a child by his mother and stepfather, both his parents died in 2005. Chase attended Riverdale Country School before being expelled and he ultimately graduated from the Stockbridge School in Stockbridge, Massachusetts. He then attended Haverford College during the 1962–63 term, where he was noted for slapstick comedy, Chase transferred to Bard College in Annandale-on-Hudson, New York, where he studied a pre-med curriculum and graduated in 1967 with a BA in English. Chase did not enter medical school, which meant he would be subject to the military draft, Chase played drums with the college band The Leather Canary, headed by school friends Walter Becker and Donald Fagen. Chase has called the group a bad jazz band, Becker and he played drums and keyboards for a rock band called Chamaeleon Church, which recorded one album for MGM Records before disbanding in 1969. Chase was a member of an underground comedy ensemble called Channel One which he co-founded in 1967. He also wrote a spoof on Mission, Impossible for Mad Magazine in 1970 and was a writer for the short-lived Smothers Brothers TV show comeback in the spring of 1975. Chase made the move to comedy as a career by 1973, when he became a cast member of The National Lampoon Radio Hour
39.
Bill Murray
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William James Bill Murray is an American actor, comedian, and writer. Murray received the Mark Twain Prize for American Humor in 2016, Murray was born on September 21,1950 in Evanston, Illinois, and was raised in Wilmette, Illinois, a northern suburb of Chicago. He is the son of Lucille, a room clerk, and Edward Joseph Murray II. Murray and his eight siblings were raised in a Roman Catholic Irish-American family, three of his siblings, John Murray, Joel Murray, and Brian Doyle-Murray, are also actors. A sister, Nancy, is an Adrian Dominican nun in Michigan and their father died in 1967 at the age of 46 from complications of diabetes when Bill was 17 years old. As a youth, Murray read childrens biographies of American heroes like Kit Carson, Wild Bill Hickok and he attended St. Josephs grade school and Loyola Academy. During his teen years, he worked as a golf caddy to fund his education at the Jesuit high school, one of his sisters had polio and his mother suffered several miscarriages. During his teen years he was the singer of a rock band called the Dutch Masters and took part in high school. After graduating, Murray attended Regis University in Denver, Colorado and he quickly dropped out, returning to Illinois. Decades later, in 2007, Regis awarded him an honorary Doctor of Humanities degree, on September 21,1970, his 20th birthday, the police arrested Murray at Chicagos OHare Airport for trying to smuggle 10 lb of cannabis, which he had allegedly intended to sell. The drugs were discovered when Murray joked to the next to him that he was smuggling. Murray was convicted and sentenced to probation, with an invitation from his older brother, Brian, Murray got his start at The Second City in Chicago, an improvisational comedy troupe, studying under Del Close. In 1974, he moved to New York City and was recruited by John Belushi as a player on The National Lampoon Radio Hour. In 1975, an Off-Broadway version of a Lampoon show led to his first television role as a cast member of the ABC variety show Saturday Night Live with Howard Cosell and that same season, another variety show titled NBCs Saturday Night premiered. Cosells show lasted just one season, canceled in early 1976, after working in Los Angeles with the guerrilla video commune TVTV on several projects, Murray rose to prominence in 1976. He officially joined the cast of NBCs Saturday Night Live for the second season, following the departure of Chevy Chase. Murray was with SNL for three seasons from 1977 to 1980. S, during the first few seasons of SNL, Murray was in a romantic relationship with fellow cast member Gilda Radner. Murray landed his first starring role with the film Meatballs in 1979 and he followed this up with his portrayal of Hunter S. Thompson in 1980s Where the Buffalo Roam
