1.
Brooklyn
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Brooklyn is the most populous borough of New York City, with a Census-estimated 2,636,735 residents in 2015. It borders the borough of Queens at the end of Long Island. Today, if New York City dissolved, Brooklyn would rank as the third-most populous city in the U. S. behind Los Angeles, the borough continues, however, to maintain a distinct culture. Many Brooklyn neighborhoods are ethnic enclaves, Brooklyns official motto, displayed on the Borough seal and flag, is Eendraght Maeckt Maght which translates from early modern Dutch as Unity makes strength. Since 2010, Brooklyn has evolved into a hub of entrepreneurship and high technology startup firms. The history of European settlement in Brooklyn spans more than 350 years, the neighborhood of Marine Park was home to North Americas first tidal mill. It was built by the Dutch, and the foundation can be seen today, however, the area was not formally settled as a town. Many incidents and documents relating to this period are in Gabriel Furmans early compilation, what is today Brooklyn left Dutch hands after the final English conquest of New Netherland in 1664, a prelude to the Second Anglo–Dutch War. The English reorganized the six old Dutch towns on southwestern Long Island as Kings County on November 1,1683 and this tract of land was recognized as a political entity for the first time, and the municipal groundwork was laid for a later expansive idea of Brooklyn identity. On August 27,1776 was fought the Battle of Long Island, the first major engagement fought in the American Revolutionary War after independence was declared, and the largest of the entire conflict. British troops forced Continental Army troops under George Washington off the heights near the sites of Green-Wood Cemetery, Prospect Park. The fortified American positions at Brooklyn Heights consequently became untenable and were evacuated a few days later, One result of the Treaty of Paris in 1783 was the evacuation of the British from New York City, celebrated by residents into the 20th century. The New York Navy Yard operated in Wallabout Bay for the entire 19th century, the first center of urbanization sprang up in the Town of Brooklyn, directly across from Lower Manhattan, which saw the incorporation of the Village of Brooklyn in 1817. Reliable steam ferry service across the East River to Fulton Landing converted Brooklyn Heights into a town for Wall Street. Ferry Road to Jamaica Pass became Fulton Street to East New York, Town and Village were combined to form the first, kernel incarnation of the City of Brooklyn in 1834. Industrial deconcentration in mid-century was bringing shipbuilding and other manufacturing to the part of the county. Each of the two cities and six towns in Kings County remained independent municipalities, and purposely created non-aligning street grids with different naming systems and it later became the most popular and highest circulation afternoon paper in America. The publisher changed to L. Van Anden on April 19,1842, on May 14,1849 the name was shortened to The Brooklyn Daily Eagle, on September 5,1938 it was further shortened to Brooklyn Eagle
2.
New York (state)
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New York is a state in the northeastern United States, and is the 27th-most extensive, fourth-most populous, and seventh-most densely populated U. S. state. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south and Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Vermont to the east. With an estimated population of 8.55 million in 2015, New York City is the most populous city in the United States, the New York Metropolitan Area is one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world. New York City makes up over 40% of the population of New York State, two-thirds of the states population lives in the New York City Metropolitan Area, and nearly 40% lives on Long Island. Both the state and New York City were named for the 17th-century Duke of York, the next four most populous cities in the state are Buffalo, Rochester, Yonkers, and Syracuse, while the state capital is Albany. New York has a diverse geography and these more mountainous regions are bisected by two major river valleys—the north-south Hudson River Valley and the east-west Mohawk River Valley, which forms the core of the Erie Canal. Western New York is considered part of the Great Lakes Region and straddles Lake Ontario, between the two lakes lies Niagara Falls. The central part of the state is dominated by the Finger Lakes, New York had been inhabited by tribes of Algonquian and Iroquoian-speaking Native Americans for several hundred years by the time the earliest Europeans came to New York. The first Europeans to arrive were French colonists and Jesuit missionaries who arrived southward from settlements at Montreal for trade, the British annexed the colony from the Dutch in 1664. The borders of the British colony, the Province of New York, were similar to those of the present-day state, New York is home to the Statue of Liberty, a symbol of the United States and its ideals of freedom, democracy, and opportunity. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. On April 17,1524 Verrazanno entered New York Bay, by way of the now called the Narrows into the northern bay which he named Santa Margherita. Verrazzano described it as a vast coastline with a delta in which every kind of ship could pass and he adds. This vast sheet of water swarmed with native boats and he landed on the tip of Manhattan and possibly on the furthest point of Long Island. Verrazannos stay was interrupted by a storm which pushed him north towards Marthas Vineyard, in 1540 French traders from New France built a chateau on Castle Island, within present-day Albany, due to flooding, it was abandoned the next year. In 1614, the Dutch under the command of Hendrick Corstiaensen, rebuilt the French chateau, Fort Nassau was the first Dutch settlement in North America, and was located along the Hudson River, also within present-day Albany. The small fort served as a trading post and warehouse, located on the Hudson River flood plain, the rudimentary fort was washed away by flooding in 1617, and abandoned for good after Fort Orange was built nearby in 1623. Henry Hudsons 1609 voyage marked the beginning of European involvement with the area, sailing for the Dutch East India Company and looking for a passage to Asia, he entered the Upper New York Bay on September 11 of that year
3.
Record producer
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A record producer or music producer oversees and manages the sound recording and production of a band or performers music, which may range from recording one song to recording a lengthy concept album. A producer has many roles during the recording process, the roles of a producer vary. The producer may perform these roles himself, or help select the engineer, the producer may also pay session musicians and engineers and ensure that the entire project is completed within the record companies budget. A record producer or music producer has a broad role in overseeing and managing the recording. Producers also often take on an entrepreneurial role, with responsibility for the budget, schedules, contracts. In the 2010s, the industry has two kinds of producers with different roles, executive producer and music producer. Executive producers oversee project finances while music producers oversee the process of recording songs or albums. In most cases the producer is also a competent arranger, composer. The producer will also liaise with the engineer who concentrates on the technical aspects of recording. Noted producer Phil Ek described his role as the person who creatively guides or directs the process of making a record, indeed, in Bollywood music, the designation actually is music director. The music producers job is to create, shape, and mold a piece of music, at the beginning of record industry, producer role was technically limited to record, in one shot, artists performing live. The role of producers changed progressively over the 1950s and 1960s due to technological developments, the development of multitrack recording caused a major change in the recording process. Before multitracking, all the elements of a song had to be performed simultaneously, all of these singers and musicians had to be assembled in a large studio and the performance had to be recorded. As well, for a song that used 20 instruments, it was no longer necessary to get all the players in the studio at the same time. Examples include the rock sound effects of the 1960s, e. g. playing back the sound of recorded instruments backwards or clanging the tape to produce unique sound effects. These new instruments were electric or electronic, and thus they used instrument amplifiers, new technologies like multitracking changed the goal of recording, A producer could blend together multiple takes and edit together different sections to create the desired sound. For example, in jazz fusion Bandleader-composer Miles Davis album Bitches Brew, producers like Phil Spector and George Martin were soon creating recordings that were, in practical terms, almost impossible to realise in live performance. Producers became creative figures in the studio, other examples of such engineers includes Joe Meek, Teo Macero, Brian Wilson, and Biddu
4.
Planet Records
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Planet Records was an independent American record label founded by record producer Richard Perry. It was distributed by Elektra/Asylum Records until 1982, when Perry sold it to RCA Records, the label was founded in 1978 by Perry as a side vehicle for showcasing new talent he was nurturing while he was still producing existing artists for other labels. The first act signed to the label was the Pointer Sisters, other acts on the label included Bill Medley, Greg Phillinganes, the Plimsouls and American Noise. Perry sold the label to RCA Records in 1982, which kept the label as a subsidiary through late 1985, later, the Pointer Sisters, Phillinganes and Medley were signed directly to the RCA Victor label. The remaining artists on Planets roster did not have their contracts renewed
5.
RCA Records
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RCA Records is an American record label owned by Sony Music Entertainment, a subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America, Inc. It is one of SMEs three flagship labels, alongside Columbia Records and Epic Records. The label has released multiple genres of music, including pop, rock, hip hop, R&B, blues, jazz, the companys name is derived from the initials of the labels former parent company, the Radio Corporation of America. It is the second oldest recording company in US history, after sister label Columbia Records, RCAs Canadian unit is Sonys oldest label in Canada. It was one of only two Canadian record companies to survive the Great Depression, kelly, Enrique Iglesias, Foo Fighters, Kings of Leon, Kesha, Miley Cyrus, Giorgio Moroder, Jennifer Hudson, DAngelo, Pink, Tinashe, G-Eazy, Pitbull, Zayn and Wizkid. In 1929, the Radio Corporation of America purchased the Victor Talking Machine Company, then the worlds largest manufacturer of phonographs and phonograph records. The company then became RCA Victor but retained use of the Victor Records name on their labels until the beginning of 1946 when the labels were finally switched over to RCA Victor. With Victor, RCA acquired New World rights to the famous Nipper His Masters Voice trademark, in Shanghai, China, in 1931, RCA Victors British affiliate the Gramophone Company merged with the Columbia Graphophone Company to form EMI. This gave RCA head David Sarnoff a seat on the EMI board, in September 1931, RCA Victor introduced the first 33⅓ rpm records sold to the public, calling them Program Transcriptions. In the depths of the Great Depression, the format was a commercial failure, during the early part of the depression, RCA made a number of attempts to produce a successful cheap label to compete with the dime store labels. The first was the short-lived Timely Tunes label in 1931 sold at Montgomery Ward, in 1932, Bluebird Records was created as a sub-label of RCA Victor. It was originally an 8-inch record with a blue label. In 1933, RCA reintroduced Bluebird and Electradisk as a standard 10-inch label, another cheap label, Sunrise, was produced. The same musical couplings were issued on all three labels and Bluebird Records still survives eight decades after Electradisk and Sunrise were discontinued, RCA also produced records for Montgomery Ward label during the 1930s. Besides manufacturing records for themselves, RCA Victor operated RCA Custom which was the leading record manufacturer for independent record labels, RCA Custom also pressed record compilations for The Readers Digest Association. RCA sold its interest in EMI in 1935, but EMI continued to distribute RCA recordings in the UK, RCA also manufactured and distributed HMV classical recordings on the RCA and HMV labels in North America. During World War II, ties between RCA and its Japanese affiliate JVC were severed, the Japanese record company is today called Victor Entertainment and is still a JVC subsidiary. From 1942 to 1944, RCA Victor was seriously impacted by the American Federation of Musicians recording ban, virtually all union musicians could not make recordings during that period
6.
Rod Stewart
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Sir Roderick David Rod Stewart, CBE is a British rock singer and songwriter. Born and raised in London, he is of Scottish and English ancestry, Stewart is one of the best-selling music artists of all time, having sold over 100 million records worldwide. He has had six number one albums in the UK and his tally of 62 UK hit singles includes 31 that reached the top ten. Stewart has had 16 top ten singles in the US, with four reaching #1 on the Billboard Hot 100 and he was knighted in the 2016 Birthday Honours for services to music and charity. In October 1963, he joined the Dimensions as a harmonica player, in 1964, Stewart joined Long John Baldry and the All Stars, and in August, Stewart signed a solo contract, releasing his first single, Good Morning Little Schoolgirl, in October. He maintained a career alongside a group career, releasing his debut solo album. Stewarts early albums were a fusion of rock, folk music, soul music, in 2008, Billboard magazine ranked him the 17th most successful artist on the Billboard Hot 100 All-Time Top Artists. A Grammy and Brit Award recipient, he was voted at #33 in Q Magazines list of the Top 100 Greatest Singers of all time, and #59 on Rolling Stone 100 Greatest Singers of all time. Roderick David Stewart was born at 507 Archway Road, Highgate, North London on 10 January 1945 and his father was Scottish and had been a master builder in Leith, Edinburgh, while Elsie was English and had grown up in Upper Holloway in North London. Married in 1928, the couple had two sons and two daughters living in Scotland, and then they moved to Highgate. Stewart came after a gap following his youngest sibling, he was born at home during World War II. The family was neither affluent nor poor, Stewart was spoiled as the youngest and he had an undistinguished record at Highgate Primary School and failed the eleven plus exam. He then attended the William Grimshaw Secondary Modern School, Muswell Hill and his father retired from the building trade at age 65, buying a newsagents shop on the Archway Road when Stewart was in his early teens, the family lived over the shop. Stewarts main hobby was railway modelling, Stewart was the most talented footballer in the family and was a strong supporter of Arsenal F. C. at the time. Combining natural athleticism with near-reckless aggression, he became captain of the football team. The family were great fans of the singer Al Jolson and would sing. Stewart collected his records and saw his films, read books about him and his introduction to rock and roll was hearing Little Richards 1956 hit The Girl Cant Help It, and seeing Bill Haley & His Comets in concert. In 1960, he joined a group with schoolfriends called the Kool Kats, playing Lonnie Donegan
7.
Carly Simon
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Carly Elisabeth Simon is an American singer-songwriter, musician and childrens author. Over the course of her career, Simon has amassed 24 Billboard Hot 100 charting singles,28 Billboard Adult Contemporary charting singles, AllMusic called Simon, One of the quintessential singer-songwriters of the 70s. Simon has a vocal range. She was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1994, inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame for Youre So Vain in 2004 and awarded the ASCAP Founders Award in 2012. In 1995 and 1998, respectively, Simon received the Boston Music Awards Lifetime Achievement, Simon is the former wife of another notable singer-songwriter, James Taylor. Simon and Taylor have two children together, Sarah Sally Maria Taylor and Benjamin Ben Simon Taylor, who are also musicians, Carly Simon was born in New York City. Her father was Richard L. Simon, a pianist who often played Chopin and her mother was Andrea Louise Simon, a civil rights activist and singer. Her father was from a German Jewish family, while her maternal grandfather Frederick was a German-speaking Swiss and maternal grandmother a Spanish-Catholic from Valencia and her grandmother was sent to England and raised by nuns until the age of sixteen. In 2015, Simon stated that when she was seven years old and she stated, It was heinous, adding, It changed my view about sex for a long time. Simon began stuttering severely when she was eight years old, a psychiatrist tried unsuccessfully to cure her stuttering. Instead, Simon turned to singing and songwriting, I felt so strangulated talking that I did the natural thing, which is to write songs, because I could sing without stammering, as all stammerers can. Simon was raised in the Riverdale neighborhood of the Bronx, New York City and has two sisters, Joanna and Lucy, and a younger brother, Peter. They were raised as nominal Catholics, according to a book of photography Peter published in the late 1990s and she also briefly attended Sarah Lawrence College before dropping out to pursue music. Simons career began with a music group with her sister Lucy as the Simon Sisters. They had a hit in 1964 called Winkin, Blinkin and Nod. Their second album, Cuddlebug, followed later that year, the duo made one more album together, 1969s The Simon Sisters Sing the Lobster Quadrille and Other Songs for Children, before Lucy left to get married and start a family. Later, Carly collaborated with eclectic New York rockers Elephants Memory for about six months and she also appeared in the 1971 Miloš Forman film Taking Off, playing an auditioning singer, and sang Long Term Physical Effects, which was included in the 1971 soundtrack for the film. Simon was signed by Jac Holzman to Elektra Records in 1970 and she released her self-titled debut album, Carly Simon, in March 1971
8.
Harry Nilsson
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Harry Edward Nilsson III, usually credited as Nilsson, was an American singer-songwriter who achieved the peak of his commercial success in the early 1970s. His work is characterized by pioneering overdub experiments, returns to the Great American Songbook, born in Brooklyn, Nilsson fled to Los Angeles as a teenager and landed a job as a computer programmer at a local bank. In 1966, he debuted with Spotlight on Nilsson followed by Pandemonium Shadow Show, after a brief period of widely publicized, alcohol-fueled antics with his fellow Hollywood Vampire members in the mid 1970s, Nilsson left RCA, and his record output subsequently diminished. In response to John Lennons 1980 death by shooting, he took a hiatus from the industry to campaign for gun control. For the rest of his life, he recorded only on sporadic occasions, in 1994, Nilsson died of a heart attack while in the midst of recording new material for a since-unreleased comeback album. In 2015, Nilsson was voted No, the RIAA have certified Nilssons albums Nilsson Schmilsson and Son of Schmilsson as gold records, indicating over 500,000 units sold each. His singles to reach the US top 10 were Everybodys Talkin, Without You, Nilsson was born in Bedford Stuyvesant, Brooklyn in 1941. His paternal grandparents were Swedish circus performers and dancers, especially known for their aerial ballet and his maternal grandparents were the cornerstone of his young life. While his grandmother played piano, his grandfather Charlie supported the family in the tiny apartment on Jefferson St in Brooklyn. His father, Harry Edward Nilsson Jr. abandoned the family when Harry was three years old and he grew up with his mother Bette and his younger half-sister. His younger half-brother Drake was left with family or friends during their moves between California and New York, sometimes living with a succession of relatives and stepfathers and his uncle, a mechanic in San Bernardino, California, helped Nilsson improve his vocal and musical abilities. In addition to his half-brother and a half-sister through his mother, because of the poor financial situation of his family, Nilsson worked from an early age, including a job at the Paramount Theatre in Los Angeles. When the theatre closed in 1960, he applied for a job at a bank and he had an aptitude for computers, which were beginning to be employed by banks at the time. He performed so well the bank retained him even after uncovering his deception regarding being a school graduate. He worked on computers at night, and in the daytime pursued his songwriting and singing career. By 1958, Nilsson was intrigued by emerging forms of music, especially rhythm. He had made attempts at performing while he was working at the Paramount, forming a vocal duo with his friend Jerry Smith. The manager at a favorite hangout gave Nilsson a plastic ukulele, which he learned to play, in the 2006 documentary Who Is Harry Nilsson
9.
Art Garfunkel
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Arthur Ira Art Garfunkel is an American singer, poet and actor. He is best known for his partnership in his years with Paul Simon in the folk rock duo Simon & Garfunkel. Through his solo and collaborative work, Garfunkel has earned six Grammys, in 1990, he and Simon were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Arthur Ira Garfunkel was born in Forest Hills, Queens, New York City, the son of Rose and Jacob Jack Garfunkel, Art is a middle child with two brothers, the older named Jules and the younger named Jerome. Jacobs parents had immigrated to the United States at the turn of the century. Before his career in sales, Jacob worked as an actor in Dayton, Garfunkel is Jewish, his paternal grandparents emigrated from Iași in Romania. His maternal cousin was Lou Pearlman, founder of N Sync, according to the Across America DVD, Garfunkels love for singing originated in the first grade. Later, Garfunkels father bought him a wire recorder and from then on, Garfunkel spent his afternoons singing, recording, at his Bar Mitzvah in 1954, Garfunkel sang as a cantor and performed over four hours of his repertoire for his family. As a young teen, Garfunkel was struck with a lung infection and he explained in a 1998 Interview, In the summer of 55, I had a lung infection. I couldnt run around, but I loved basketball and there was a hoop nearby, Much of the summer I spent methodically hitting 96,98 foul shots out of 100. I never played on a team after Junior High School, just 3 against 3, half court pick up games in the schoolyard. He met his singing partner Paul Simon in the sixth grade at PS164. It has been said by Garfunkel that Simon first became interested in singing after hearing Garfunkel sing a rendition of Nat King Coles Too Young in a talent show. Between 1956 and 1962, the two performed together as Tom & Jerry, occasionally performing at school dances and their idols were The Everly Brothers, whom they imitated in their use of close two-part vocal harmony. In 1957, Simon & Garfunkel recorded the song Hey, Schoolgirl under the name Tom & Jerry, the single reached forty-ninth on the pop charts. Garfunkel chose his nickname because he liked to track, or graph hits and he also released some singles as a solo artist under the name Artie Garr, a shortened version of his name. In interviews, Garfunkel has noted how these early singles distinguished him as a crooner, with songs like Beat Love. Garfunkel was a member in tennis, skiing, fencing, and bowling at the College and also joined the all-male a cappella group on campus
10.
Ringo Starr
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Richard Starkey, MBE, known professionally as Ringo Starr, is an English musician, singer, songwriter and actor who gained worldwide fame as the drummer for the Beatles. He occasionally sang lead vocals, usually for one song on an album, including With a Little Help from My Friends, Yellow Submarine and their cover of Act Naturally. He also wrote the Beatles songs Dont Pass Me By and Octopuss Garden, Starr was twice afflicted by life-threatening illnesses during childhood, and as a result of prolonged hospitalisations fell behind in school. In 1955, he entered the workforce and briefly held a position with British Rail before securing an apprenticeship at a Liverpool equipment manufacturer, soon afterwards, he became interested in the UK skiffle craze, developing a fervent admiration for the genre. In 1957, he cofounded his first band, the Eddie Clayton Skiffle Group, when the Beatles formed in 1960, Starr was a member of another Liverpool group, Rory Storm and the Hurricanes. After achieving moderate success with that band in the UK and Hamburg, he quit the Hurricanes and joined the Beatles in August 1962, Starr played key roles in the Beatles films and appeared in numerous others. After the bands break-up in 1970, he released several singles including the US number four hit It Dont Come Easy. In 1972, he released his most successful UK single, Back Off Boogaloo and he achieved commercial and critical success with his 1973 album Ringo, which was a top ten release in both the UK and the US. He has been featured in a number of documentaries and hosted television shows, since 1989, he has toured with twelve variations of Ringo Starr & His All-Starr Band. Ringos popularity brought forth a new paradigm and we started to see the drummer as an equal participant in the compositional aspect. His parts are so signature to the songs that you can listen to a Ringo drum part without the rest of the music and he was inducted into the Modern Drummer Hall of Fame in 1998. In 2011, Rolling Stone readers named Starr the fifth-greatest drummer of all time. Starr, who was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a Beatle in 1988, was inducted for his solo career in 2015. Richard Starkey was born on 7 July 1940, at 9 Madryn Street, in Dingle and he is the only child of confectioners Elsie and Richard Starkey. Elsie enjoyed singing and dancing, a hobby that she shared with her husband, an avid fan of swing. Prior to the birth of their son, whom they nicknamed Ritchie, the couple had spent much of their time on the local ballroom circuit. Elsie adopted an approach to raising her son that bordered on fixation. Subsequently, Big Ritchie, as Starkeys father became known, lost interest in his family, choosing instead to spend hours drinking and dancing in pubs
11.
Music recording sales certification
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Music recording sales certification is a system of certifying that a music recording has shipped or sold a certain number of copies. The threshold quantity varies by type and by nation or territory, almost all countries follow variations of the RIAA certification categories, which are named after precious materials. The number of sales or shipments required for these awards depends upon the population of the territory in which the recording is released, typically, they are awarded only to international releases and are awarded individually for each country in which the album is sold. Different sales levels, some perhaps 10 times lower than others, the original gold record awards were presented to artists by their own record companies to publicize their sales achievements. The first of these was awarded by RCA Victor to Glenn Miller and His Orchestra in February 1942, another example of a company award is the gold record awarded to Elvis Presley in 1956 for one million units sold of his single Dont Be Cruel. The first gold record for an LP was awarded by RCA Victor to Harry Belafonte in 1957 for the album Calypso and these sales were restricted to U. S. -based record companies and did not include exports to other countries. For albums in 1968, this would mean shipping approximately 250,000 units, the platinum certification was introduced in 1976 for the sale of one million units, album or single, with the gold certification redefined to mean sales of 500,000 units, album or single. No album was certified platinum prior to this year, for instance, the recording by Van Cliburn of the Tchaikovsky Piano Concerto from 1958 would eventually be awarded a platinum citation, but this would not happen until two decades after its release. In 1999, the certification was introduced for sales of ten million units. On 14 March 1958, the RIAA certified its first gold record, soundtrack was certified as the first gold album four months later. In 1976, RIAA introduced the platinum certification, first awarded to Johnnie Taylors single, Disco Lady, as music sales increased with the introduction of compact discs, the RIAA created the Multi-Platinum award in 1984. Diamond awards, honoring those artists whose sales of singles or albums reached 10,000,000 copies, were introduced in 1999 and this became much less common once the majority of retail sales became paid digital downloads and digital streaming. In most countries certifications no longer apply solely to physical media, in June 2006, the RIAA also certified the ringtone downloads of songs. Streaming from on-demand services such as Rhapsody and Spotify has been included into existing digital certification in the U. S since 2013, in the U. S. and Germany video streaming services like YouTube, VEVO, and Yahoo. Music also began to be counted towards the certification, in both cases using the formula of 100 streams being equivalent to one download, other countries, such as Denmark and Spain, maintain separate awards for digital download singles and streaming. The International Federation of the Phonographic Industry was founded in 1996, and grants the IFPI Platinum Europe Award for album sales over one million within Europe, multi-platinum Europe Awards are presented for sales in subsequent multiples of one million. Eligibility is unaffected by time, and is not restricted to European-based artists, IMPALA sales awards were launched in 2005 as the first sales awards recognising that success on a pan-European basis begins well before sales reach one million. The award levels are Silver, Double Silver, Gold, Double Gold, Diamond, Platinum, below are certification thresholds for the United States and United Kingdom
12.
The Pointer Sisters
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The Pointer Sisters are an American R&B singing group from Oakland, California, that achieved mainstream success during the 1970s and 1980s. Spanning over four decades, their repertoire has included such genres as pop, disco, jazz, electronic music, bebop, blues, soul, funk, dance, country. The Pointer Sisters have won three Grammy Awards and received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1994, the group had 13 US top 20 hits between 1973 and 1985. The group had its origins when sisters June and Bonnie Pointer began performing in clubs in 1969 as Pointers, the line-up grew to a trio when sister Anita Pointer joined them. They scored a deal with Atlantic Records and released several unsuccessful singles. The trio grew to a quartet when sister Ruth joined in December 1972 and they then signed with Blue Thumb Records, recorded their debut album, and began seeing more success, winning a Grammy Award in 1975 for Best Country Vocal Performance for Fairytale. Bonnie left the group in 1978 to commence a career with only modest success. The group achieved its greatest commercial success as a trio during the 1980s consisting of the line-up of June, Ruth, and Anita, winning two more Grammys for the top 10 hits Jump and Automatic. The groups other U. S. top 10 hits are Fire, Hes So Shy, Slow Hand, the remixed version of Im So Excited and Neutron Dance. June Pointer, the youngest sister, struggled with addiction for much of her career, leaving the group in April 2004 and dying from extensive cancer in April 2006. She was replaced by Ruths daughter Issa Pointer and this trio had a number two hit in Belgium in 2005, covering Sisters Are Doin It for Themselves with Belgian singer Natalia. Since 2009, the group has consisted of Anita, Ruth, Issa, while all four women remain in the group, they most often perform as a trio rotating the lineup as needed. In December 2016, Billboard magazine ranked them as the 80th most successful artists of all-time. As children in West Oakland, the Pointer sisters and brothers were encouraged to listen to and sing music by their parents Reverend Elton Pointer. However, they were rock and roll and the blues were the devils music. They regularly sang at a local Church of God in Christ congregation in West Oakland, the sisters graduated from Oakland Technical High School, Ruth in 1963, Anita in 1965, and Bonnie in 1968. After leaving school Ruth, the oldest sister, was married with two children Faun and Malik, Anita, the second oldest sister, also was married with a child Jada. Bonnie, the third oldest sister, and June sought a business career and they formed a duo, Pointers
13.
New York City
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The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over an area of about 302.6 square miles. Located at the tip of the state of New York. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has described as the cultural and financial capital of the world. Situated on one of the worlds largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, the five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. In 2013, the MSA produced a gross metropolitan product of nearly US$1.39 trillion, in 2012, the CSA generated a GMP of over US$1.55 trillion. NYCs MSA and CSA GDP are higher than all but 11 and 12 countries, New York City traces its origin to its 1624 founding in Lower Manhattan as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the countrys largest city since 1790, the Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a symbol of the United States and its democracy. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. Several sources have ranked New York the most photographed city in the world, the names of many of the citys bridges, tapered skyscrapers, and parks are known around the world. Manhattans real estate market is among the most expensive in the world, Manhattans Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere, with multiple signature Chinatowns developing across the city. Providing continuous 24/7 service, the New York City Subway is one of the most extensive metro systems worldwide, with 472 stations in operation. Over 120 colleges and universities are located in New York City, including Columbia University, New York University, and Rockefeller University, during the Wisconsinan glaciation, the New York City region was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet over 1,000 feet in depth. The ice sheet scraped away large amounts of soil, leaving the bedrock that serves as the foundation for much of New York City today. Later on, movement of the ice sheet would contribute to the separation of what are now Long Island and Staten Island. The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown and he claimed the area for France and named it Nouvelle Angoulême. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he returned to Spain in August and he proceeded to sail up what the Dutch would name the North River, named first by Hudson as the Mauritius after Maurice, Prince of Orange
14.
Alan Freed
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Albert James Alan Freed, also known as Moondog, was an American disc jockey. He became internationally known for promoting the mix of blues, country and his career was destroyed by the payola scandal that hit the broadcasting industry in the early 1960s. Freed was born to a Russian-Jewish immigrant father, Charles S. Freed, in 1933, Freeds family moved to Salem, Ohio where Freed attended Salem High School, graduating in 1940. While Freed was in school, he formed a band called the Sultans of Swing in which he played the trombone. Freeds initial ambition was to be a bandleader, however, an ear infection put an end to this dream, while attending the Ohio State University, Freed became interested in radio. Freed served in the Army during World War II and worked as a DJ on Armed Forces Radio. Soon after World War II, Freed landed broadcasting jobs at radio stations, including WKST, WKBN, and WAKR. Freed enjoyed listening to new styles because he liked the rhythms. Freed appeared in motion pictures as himself. All have contributed greatly to the big beat, in 1945 Alan Freed joined WAKR and became a local favorite, playing hot jazz and pop recordings. The radio editor for the Akron Beacon Journal followed Freed and his Request Review nightly program of dance, in the late 1940s, while working at WAKR in Akron, Ohio, Freed met Cleveland record store owner Leo Mintz. Record Rendezvous was one of Clevelands largest record stores, who had begun selling rhythm, Mintz told Freed that he had noticed increased interest in the records at his store, and encouraged him to play them on the radio. In 1951, Freed moved to Cleveland and, in April 1951, Freed peppered his speech with hipster language and with a rhythm and blues record called Moondog as his theme song, broadcast R&B hits into the night. Mintz proposed buying airtime on Cleveland radio station WJW to be devoted entirely to R&B recordings, on July 11,1951, Freed started playing rhythm and blues records on WJW. Freed called his show The Moondog House and billed himself as The King of the Moondoggers and he had been inspired by an offbeat instrumental called Moondog Symphony that had been recorded by New York street musician Louis T. Hardin, aka Moondog. Freed adopted the record as his shows theme music and his on-air manner was energetic, in contrast to many contemporary radio presenters of traditional pop music, who tended to sound more subdued and low-key in manner. He addressed his listeners as if they were all part of a kingdom of hipsters. He also began popularizing the phrase rock and roll to describe the music he played, later that year, Freed promoted dances and concerts featuring the music he was playing on the radio
15.
Paramount Theatre (Brooklyn)
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The Paramount Theatre is a former movie palace located at 1 University Plaza at the intersection of Flatbush and DeKalb Avenues in downtown Brooklyn, New York. Originally opened in 1928, the building has been owned by Long Island University since 1962, converted for use by LIU as classroom space and a gymnasium, the building retains much of the theaters original decorative detail. Until recently the venue was operated as a 1200-seat multi-purpose arena and it is now in the planning stages of a renovation to reopen the theater as a performing arts venue in 2018. The Paramount Theatre, built in 1928 by Paramount Pictures, was designed by the Chicago theater architect team Rapp and Rapp, a sister Paramount Theatre was located in Times Square, Manhattan. The rococo-designed theater had 4,084 seats covered in burgundy velvet, a 60-foot stage curtain was decorated with satin-embroidered pheasants, along with huge chandeliers and fountains with goldfish. Duke Ellington first played at the Paramount in 1931, according to the biography De Keizer van het Jiddische Lied it was in 1943 that singer Leo Fuld introduced the Yiddish music on this stage. In the 1950s, Alan Freed’s rock ‘n’ roll shows played at the theater, with acts including Chuck Berry, buddy Holly played a show in September 1957. When Alan Freed fell victim of the scandal, TV host Clay Cole continued the ten-day holiday show tradition. The last live rock n roll stage show at The Brooklyn Paramount was Clay Coles Easter Parade of Stars headlining Jackie Wilson, the Wurlitzer organ in the Brooklyn Paramount has 2,000 pipes and 257 stops, and continues to be used at LIU sporting events. Anthropology/Sociology Professor Dr. Michael Hittman presented a seminar, a one-credit cross-linked course with emphisis on rock n roll on March 27,2009. Clay Cole was the speaker and hosted panel discussions on the connections between rock n roll and the historic Paramount Theatre. The seminar concluded with a 90-minute doo wop show, with artists, in 1962 the Paramount Theatre was converted by Long Island University for various uses. The auditorium was adapted as a gymnasium, now called the Arnold, the Brooklyn Paramount building was renamed Metcalfe Hall by LIU after the Universitys first president, Tristram Walker Metcalfe. The former Paramount was the home of the LIU Blackbirds basketball team until 2005, the Northeast Conference mens basketball tournament was held here three times. In April 2015, LIU announced a 49-year lease of the Paramount to a controlled by Bruce Ratner and Mikhail Prokhorov, owners of the Barclays Center. An extensive renovation costing about $50 million, overseen by the firm of Hugh Hardy, is planned to convert the back to a theater for live events. Many of the original Rapp & Rapp architectural details remain and are to be preserved, the renovation is expected to take two to three years
16.
Poly Prep Country Day School
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Poly Prep Country Day School is an independent school with two campuses in Brooklyn, New York. Poly Preps Middle School and Upper School are located in the Dyker Heights section of Brooklyn, Poly Preps Lower School is located in Brooklyns landmarked Park Slope neighborhood. Initially founded as part of the Brooklyn Collegiate and Polytechnic Institute, Poly Prep Country Day School was founded 162 years ago in 1854 in Downtown Brooklyn as The Polytechnic Institute. It was one of the first private schools in the city of Brooklyn. The initial aim of the school was to offer a program similar to that of boarding schools of the time while striving to maintain a strong community feel amongst students. After 45 years, the future of the Collegiate and Polytechnic Institute was re-evaluated in 1889 when the preparatory school and the collegiate division were finally separated. In 1891, the construction of a new building next door to the original building provided a home for the college which became known as the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn. Poly Prep moved to its Dyker Heights campus on July 1,1916 when a twenty-five acre parcel of land, classes began during the fall of 1917 in the new campus amidst continued construction and renovations that helped shape much of the school’s current appearance. During the tenure of Headmaster William M. Williams, the school began the transition to co-education in 1977 when it first admitted girls, the new property was converted into Poly’s Lower School, offering classes for students from nursery through 4th grade. In the 2006-2007 school year, an expansion was added onto the Park Slope building. As part of its Blue and Gray Goes Green, initiative, Poly chose to reduce the new Lower Schools ecological footprint. Polys renovated Lower School became the first LEED-certified school building in New York City, in April 2009, Poly Preps Lower School also won the prestigious Lucy B. Moses Award from the New York Landmarks Conservancy as an example of historic preservation and renovation. The suit settled for an amount in December 2012. Plaintiffs attorney Kevin Mulhearn cited the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act in alleging that past, the school acknowledged in 2002 that it had received credible allegations that such abuse occurred at Poly Prep. Poly chairman Scott Smiths younger brother Philip never went to college, according to the lawsuit, he was sexually assaulted hundreds of times. Published reports have compared the abuse and alleged coverup to a scandal at Pennsylvania State University. In March 2012 the international law firm Pillsbury Winthrop Shaw Pittman joined the plaintiffs on a pro bono basis, on September 19,2012, new allegations connecting Foglietta and Jerry Sandusky surfaced
17.
University of Michigan
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The University of Michigan, frequently referred to simply as Michigan, is a public research university in Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States. Founded in 1817 in Detroit as the Catholepistemiad, or University of Michigania,20 years before the Michigan Territory became a state, in 1821, the university was officially renamed the University of Michigan. It moved to Ann Arbor in 1837 onto 40 acres of what is now known as Central Campus, the University was a founding member of the Association of American Universities. Considered one of the foremost research universities in the United States, Michigans body of living alumni comprises more than 540,000 people, one of the largest alumni bases of any university in the world. Besides academic life, Michigans athletic teams compete in Division I of the NCAA and are known as the Wolverines. They are members of the Big Ten Conference, the University of Michigan was established in Detroit on August 26,1817 as the Catholepistemiad, or University of Michigania, by the governor and judges of Michigan Territory. Judge Augustus B. Woodward specifically invited The Rev. John Monteith and Father Gabriel Richard, Monteith became its first President and held seven of the professorships, and Richard was Vice President and held the other six professorships. Concurrently, Ann Arbor had set aside 40 acres in the hopes of being selected as the state capital, but when Lansing was chosen as the state capital, the city offered the land for a university. What would become the university moved to Ann Arbor in 1837 thanks to Governor Stevens T. Mason, the original 40 acres was the basis of the present Central Campus. The first classes in Ann Arbor were held in 1841, with six freshmen, eleven students graduated in the first commencement in 1845. By 1866, enrollment increased to 1,205 students, many of whom were Civil War veterans, Women were first admitted in 1870. U-M also became the first American university to use the method of study. Among the early students in the School of Medicine was Jose Celso Barbosa, who in 1880 graduated as valedictorian and he returned to Puerto Rico to practice medicine and also served in high-ranking posts in the government. In 1920 the university reorganized the College of Engineering and formed a committee of 100 industrialists to guide academic research initiatives. The university became a choice for bright Jewish students from New York in the 1920s and 1930s. Because of its standards, U-M gained the nickname Harvard of the West. During World War II, U-Ms research supported military efforts, such as U. S. Navy projects in proximity fuzes, PT boats, and radar jamming. After the war, enrollment expanded rapidly and by 1950, it reached 21,000, as the Cold War and the Space Race took hold, U-M received numerous government grants for strategic research and helped to develop peacetime uses for nuclear energy
18.
Songwriting
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A songwriter is an individual who writes the lyrics, melodies and chord progressions for songs, typically for a popular music genre such as rock or country music. A songwriter can also be called a composer, although the term tends to be used mainly for individuals from the classical music genre. The pressure from the industry to produce popular hits means that songwriting is often an activity for which the tasks are distributed between a number of people. For example, a songwriter who excels at writing lyrics might be paired with a songwriter with a gift for creating original melodies, pop songs may be written by group members from the band or by staff writers – songwriters directly employed by music publishers. Some songwriters serve as their own publishers, while others have outside publishers. The old-style apprenticeship approach to learning how to write songs is being supplemented by university degrees and college diplomas, a knowledge of modern music technology, songwriting elements and business skills are necessary requirements to make a songwriting career in the 2010s. Several music colleges offer songwriting diplomas and degrees with music business modules, the legal power to grant these permissions may be bought, sold or transferred. This is governed by international copyright law, song pitching can be done on a songwriters behalf by their publisher or independently using tip sheets like RowFax, the MusicRow publication and SongQuarters. Skills associated with song-writing include entrepreneurism and creativity, songwriters who sign an exclusive songwriting agreement with a publisher are called staff writers. In the Nashville country music scene, there is a staff writer culture where contracted writers work normal 9-to-5 hours at the publishing office and are paid a regular salary. This salary is in effect the writers draw, an advance on future earnings, the publisher owns the copyright of songs written during the term of the agreement for a designated period, after which the songwriter can reclaim the copyright. In an interview with HitQuarters, songwriter Dave Berg extolled the benefits of the set-up, unlike contracted writers, some staff writers operate as employees for their respective publishers. Under the terms of work for hire agreements, the compositions created are fully owned by the publisher. In Nashville, young writers are often encouraged to avoid these types of contracts. Staff writers are common across the industry, but without the more office-like working arrangements favored in Nashville. All the major publishers employ writers under contract, songwriter Allan Eshuijs described his staff writer contract at Universal Music Publishing as a starter deal. His success under the arrangement eventually allowed him to found his own publishing company, so that he could. keep as much as possible, songwriters are also often skilled musicians. In addition to selling their songs and musical concepts for other artists to sing, songwriters need to create a number of elements for a song
19.
Captain Beefheart
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Don Van Vliet was an American singer, songwriter, musician and artist best known by the stage name Captain Beefheart. His musical work was conducted with an ensemble of musicians called the Magic Band. Noted for his singing voice and his wide vocal range, Van Vliet also played the harmonica, saxophone. His music integrated blues, rock, psychedelia, and free jazz with contemporary experimental composition, Beefheart was also known for often constructing myths about his life and for exercising an almost dictatorial control over his supporting musicians. He began performing with his Captain Beefheart persona in 1964 and joined the original Magic Band line-up, initiated by Alexis Snouffer, the group drew attention with their cover of Bo Diddleys Diddy Wah Diddy, which became a regional hit. It was followed by their debut album Safe as Milk. After being dropped by two record labels, they signed to Zappas Straight Records. Beefheart followed this up with the album Lick My Decals Off, Baby, Van Vliet has been described as one of modern musics true innovators with a singular body of work virtually unrivalled in its daring and fluid creativity. Known for his personality and relationship with the public, Van Vliet made few public appearances after his retirement from music in 1982. He pursued a career in art, an interest that originated in his talent for sculpture. His expressionist paintings and drawings command high prices, and have exhibited in art galleries. Van Vliet died in 2010, having suffered from multiple sclerosis for many years and he claimed to have as an ancestor Peter van Vliet, a Dutch painter who knew Rembrandt. Van Vliet also claimed that he was related to adventurer and author Richard Halliburton and the cowboy actor Slim Pickens, Van Vliet began painting and sculpting at age three. His subjects reflected his obsession with animals, particularly dinosaurs, fish, African mammals, at the age of nine he won a childrens sculpting competition organised for the Los Angeles Zoo in Griffith Park by a local tutor, Agostinho Rodrigues. Local newspaper cuttings of his junior sculpting achievements can be reproduced in the Splinters book, included in the Riding Some Kind of Unusual Skull Sleigh boxed CD work. The sprawling park, with its zoo and observatory, had a influence on young Vliet. The track Observatory Crest on Bluejeans & Moonbeams reflects this continued interest, a portrait photo of the school-age Vliet can be seen on the front of the lyric sheet within the first issue of the US release of Trout Mask Replica. For some time during the 1950s Van Vliet worked as an apprentice with Rodrigues, Vliet made claim to have been a lecturer at the Barnsdall Art Institute in Los Angeles at the age of eleven, although it is likely he simply gave a form of artistic dissertation
20.
Safe as Milk
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Safe as Milk is the debut album by Captain Beefheart and his Magic Band, released in 1967. A heavily blues-influenced work, the featured a 20-year-old Ry Cooder. Today, Safe as Milk is one of Beefhearts most acclaimed works and it hints at many of the features — such as odd time signatures and surreal lyrics — that would become trademarks of Beefhearts music. Before recording Safe as Milk, the band had released a couple of singles through A&M Records and they presented the label with a set of R&B-influenced demos, which the label felt were too unconventional and decided to drop the band. Beefheart later said the label dropped them after hearing the song Electricity, a&Ms Jerry Moss thought the content too risqué for his daughters ears. This, plus Leonard Grants severance as manager, added to the discontent, the band instead turned to Bob Krasnow, who was then working for Kama Sutra Records, he recruited them to record for the companys new subsidiary label, Buddah. Meanwhile, Beefheart had been secretly planning changes to the Magic Bands line-up—a practice common throughout the groups existence, the group that recorded the two A&M singles had consisted of Doug Moon and Richard Hepner on guitars, Jerry Handley on bass, and Alex St. Clair on drums. Hepner had already left, and Beefheart was keen to replace Moon with Ry Cooder and these and other changes resulted in a Magic Band with Handley on bass, St. Clair on guitar, and John French on drums, with Cooder providing additional guitar parts. Cooders arrival had been swayed by Marker, who had spent time with Vliet and had given to believe he would produce the album. The album is featured in the 2000 film High Fidelity and it is the album that the character Barry, played by Jack Black, continually refuses to sell to a customer, whom he deems unsuitable to own it. The album is influenced by the Delta blues, and this is apparent from the opening bars of the first track, Sure Nuff n Yes I Do. The opening lyric, Well I was born in the desert, quotes New Minglewood Blues by Cannons Jug Stompers, an early version of Rollin and Tumblin. Elsewhere, the features a version of Robert Pete Williams Grown So Ugly arranged by Cooder. Another of the more distinctive songs on the album is Abba Zaba, the track is named after the Abba-Zaba candy bar, which was supposedly a favorite of the young Beefheart. The band had, at one point, planned to name the album after the confection, but the manufacturer, the Cardinet Candy Co. refused permission for use of the name. The black and yellow checkerboard pattern on the back sleeve, designed by Tom Wilkes, is a relic of this idea — echoing the black. There was little record of his existence, though his name also appeared in a reference to an unproduced screenplay for After the Gold Rush on the 1971 Neil Young album of the same name. Various Magic Band members had in fact indicated that the name may have been nothing other than a publishing-related pseudonym and it was only in 2003 that Bermann himself was finally located and interviewed, and his involvement as co-writer confirmed
21.
Fats Domino
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Antoine Fats Domino, Jr. is an American pianist and singer-songwriter of French Creole descent. Five of his records released before 1955 sold over a million copies and were certified as gold records and his musical style is based on traditional rhythm and blues, accompanied by saxophones, bass, piano, electric guitar, and drums. Domino was born and raised in New Orleans, Louisiana, the Domino family was of French Creole background. Louisiana Creole French was his first language, antoine was born at home with the assistance of his grandmother, a midwife. His name was given as Anthony on his birth certificate but was later corrected. His family were new arrivals in the Lower Ninth Ward from Vacherie and his father was a well-known violinist. Domino learned to play the piano from his brother-in-law, the jazz guitarist Harrison Verrett, even after his success, he continued to live in his old neighborhood. His large home was enough for his 13 children. In the summer of 1947, Billy Diamond, a New Orleans bandleader, Domino played well enough that Diamond asked him to join his band, the Solid Senders, at the Hideaway Club, in New Orleans. Diamond nicknamed him Fats, because Domino reminded him of the renowned pianists Fats Waller, the Fat Man sold one million copies by 1953, it is widely considered the first rock-and-roll record to achieve this feat. Other notable and long-standing musicians in Dominos band were the saxophonists Reggie Houston, Lee Allen, Domino crossed into the pop mainstream with Aint That a Shame, which reached the Top Ten. Pat Boones milder cover version reached number 1, having received wider radio airplay in a racially segregated era, Domino eventually had 37 Top 40 singles. The reissue reached number 17 on the Billboard Pop Albums chart and his 1956 recording of Blueberry Hill, a 1940 song by Vincent Rose, Al Lewis and Larry Stock, reached number 2 in the Top 40 and was number 1 on the R&B chart for 11 weeks. Blueberry Hill sold more than 5 million copies worldwide in 1956 and 1957. Domino had further hit singles between 1956 and 1959, including When My Dreamboat Comes Home, Im Walkin, Valley of Tears, Its You I Love, Whole Lotta Loving, I Want to Walk You Home, and Be My Guest. Domino appeared in two films released in 1956, Shake, Rattle & Rock. and The Girl Cant Help It, on December 18,1957, his hit recording of The Big Beat was featured on Dick Clarks television program, American Bandstand. On November 2,1956, a riot broke out at Dominos show in Fayetteville, the police resorted to using tear gas to break up the unruly crowd. Domino jumped out a window to avoid the melee, he, Domino had a steady series of hits for Imperial through early 1962, including Walking to New Orleans, co-written by Bobby Charles, and My Girl Josephine in the same year
22.
Los Angeles
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Los Angeles, officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L. A. is the cultural, financial, and commercial center of Southern California. With a census-estimated 2015 population of 3,971,883, it is the second-most populous city in the United States, Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated county in the United States. The citys inhabitants are referred to as Angelenos, historically home to the Chumash and Tongva, Los Angeles was claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542 along with the rest of what would become Alta California. The city was founded on September 4,1781, by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve. It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence, in 1848, at the end of the Mexican–American War, Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, thereby becoming part of the United States. Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4,1850, the discovery of oil in the 1890s brought rapid growth to the city. The completion of the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913, delivering water from Eastern California, nicknamed the City of Angels, Los Angeles is known for its Mediterranean climate, ethnic diversity, and sprawling metropolis. Los Angeles also has an economy in culture, media, fashion, science, sports, technology, education, medicine. A global city, it has been ranked 6th in the Global Cities Index, the city is home to renowned institutions covering a broad range of professional and cultural fields, and is one of the most substantial economic engines within the United States. The Los Angeles combined statistical area has a gross metropolitan product of $831 billion, making it the third-largest in the world, after the Greater Tokyo and New York metropolitan areas. The city has hosted the Summer Olympic Games in 1932 and 1984 and is bidding to host the 2024 Summer Olympics and thus become the second city after London to have hosted the Games three times. The Los Angeles area also hosted the 1994 FIFA mens World Cup final match as well as the 1999 FIFA womens World Cup final match, the mens event was watched on television by over 700 million people worldwide. The Los Angeles coastal area was first settled by the Tongva, a Gabrielino settlement in the area was called iyáangẚ, meaning poison oak place. Gaspar de Portolà and Franciscan missionary Juan Crespí, reached the present site of Los Angeles on August 2,1769, in 1771, Franciscan friar Junípero Serra directed the building of the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel, the first mission in the area. The Queen of the Angels is an honorific of the Virgin Mary, two-thirds of the settlers were mestizo or mulatto with a mixture of African, indigenous and European ancestry. The settlement remained a small town for decades, but by 1820. Today, the pueblo is commemorated in the district of Los Angeles Pueblo Plaza and Olvera Street. New Spain achieved its independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821, during Mexican rule, Governor Pío Pico made Los Angeles Alta Californias regional capital
23.
God Bless Tiny Tim
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God Bless Tiny Tim is the first album by Tiny Tim. Released in 1968 on the Reprise label, it included Tip-Toe Thru The Tulips With Me, a version of I Got You Babe, many of the songs have humorous lyrics, are sung for humorous effect, or have an unexpected hook. It is widely praised, but was not released on CD until the late 1990s and it was later re-released on CD in 2013 with a number of bonus tracks that include alternate and instrumental versions of the albums songs, and non-album singles. The album was produced by Richard Perry, who had produced Captain Beefhearts first album, Safe As Milk, the arrangements are by Artie Butler. For some of the album, Tim sings in his falsetto style. However, on a number of songs he sings baritone, demonstrating his voices great range, in On the Old Front Porch, Daddy, Daddy, What is Heaven Like. and on I Got You Babe he sings both baritone and falsetto, alternating between the two. The Coming Home Party Fill Your Heart I Got You, Babe This Is All I Ask
24.
Reprise Records
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Reprise Records /rəˈpriz/ is an American major record label, founded in 1960 by Frank Sinatra. It was mostly inactive from 1976 to 1987 and it is owned by Warner Music Group, and operates through Warner Bros. Reprise Records was formed in 1960 by Frank Sinatra in order to more artistic freedom for his own recordings. Hence, he garnered the nickname The Chairman of the Board, having left Capitol/EMI, and after trying to buy Norman Granzs Verve Records, the first album Sinatra released on Reprise was Ring-a-Ding-Ding. As CEO of Reprise, Sinatra recruited several artists for the label, such as fellow Rat Pack members Dean Martin and Sammy Davis. The original roster from 1961 to 1963 included Bing Crosby, Jo Stafford, Rosemary Clooney, Nancy Sinatra, Esquivel, the label still issues any Sinatra work recorded while on the label and, after his death in 1998, it had great success with his greatest hits collections. One of the founding principles under Sinatras leadership was that each artist would have full creative freedom. This is the reason why recordings of early Reprise artists are distributed through other labels. In Martins case, his Reprise recordings were out of print for nearly 20 years before a deal was struck with Capitol Records, in 1963, as part of a film deal, Warner Bros. purchased Reprise from Sinatra, who nonetheless retained a 20% interest in the label. Many of the artists on the label were dropped by Warner Bros. Reprise president Mo Ostin was retained as the head of the label, warner-Reprise executives began targeting younger acts, beginning by securing the American distribution rights to the Pye Records recordings by the Kinks in 1964. Reprise would soon add teen-oriented pop acts like Dino, Desi & Billy to the roster, as well, Franks own daughter Nancy Sinatra would be retained by Ostin, becoming a major pop star starting in late 1965. The label moved almost exclusively to rock-oriented music in the late 1960s, rex, the Meters, John Cale, Gordon Lightfoot, Michael Franks, Richard Pryor, Al Jarreau, Fleetwood Mac, Fanny, and the Beach Boys. In 1976, the Reprise label was deactivated by Warner Bros. an unconfirmed explanation for this move is that Sinatra wanted to be the only artist on Reprise, and Young is said to have been the only Reprise act who refused to agree to a change in labels. In late 1985, some copies of the Dream Academys hit single Life in a Northern Town were pressed with Warner Bros. labels bearing a Reprise logo,1986 saw releases bearing Reprise labels from the Dream Academy as well as Dwight Yoakam. Vice President of Promotion Rich Fitzgerald was appointed as label Vice-President and it was formerly home to the Jimi Hendrix and the Barenaked Ladies catalogs in the U. S. When the Bee Gees back catalog was remastered by Rhino Records in the 2000s, neil Young stated in a documentary about his life that Marilyn Manson was turned down by Reprise. In September 2011, several took place at Reprise Records
25.
Tiny Tim (musician)
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Herbert Buckingham Khaury, known professionally as Tiny Tim, was an American singer, most of the time ukulele player, and musical archivist. He is best remembered for his hit Tiptoe Through the Tulips sung in a high falsetto/vibrato voice, Tiny Tim was born in Manhattan, New York City on April 12,1932. His mother was Tillie, a garment worker, who was the daughter of a rabbi and she had immigrated from Brest-Litovsk as a teen in 1914. Tinys father, Butros Khaury, was a worker from Beirut. Tiny Tim displayed musical talent at a young age. At the age of five, his father gave him a vintage wind up Gramophone and he would sit for hours listening to the record. At the age of six, he began teaching himself guitar, by his pre-teen years, he developed a passion for records, specifically those from the 1900s through the 1930s. He began spending most of his time at the New York Public Library, reading about the history of the phonograph industry. He would research sheet music, often making photographic copies to take home to learn, after repeating his sophomore year of high school, he dropped out entirely, taking a series of menial jobs. I can go up high as well, by the early 1950s, he had landed a job as a messenger at the New York office of MGM Studios, where he became ever more fascinated with the entertainment industry. He then entered a talent show and sang You Are My Sunshine in his newly discovered falsetto. He started performing at dance club amateur nights under different names, such as Texarkana Tex, Judas K. Foxglove, Vernon Castle, and Emmett Swink. His mother did not understand Herberts change in appearance and was intending to take her son, now in his twenties, to see a psychiatrist at Bellvue Hospital, until his father stepped in. In 1959, he dropped all his stage names, and performed as Larry Love. Film critic Roger Ebert wrote, I first saw Tiny Tim very early in his career, in Greenwich Village in the winter of 1962-63. In 1963 he landed his first paying gig at Page 3 and he performed for the next two years as Dary Dover, and after that, Sir Timothy Timms. After being booked to follow an act, his manager. These tracks were recorded with musicians who went on to be in The Band, the I Got You Babe performance led to a booking on the Rowan and Martins Laugh-In, an American television comedy-variety show
26.
Billboard (magazine)
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Billboard is an American entertainment media brand owned by the Hollywood Reporter-Billboard Media Group, a division of Eldridge Industries. It publishes pieces involving news, video, opinion, reviews, events and it is also known for its music charts, including the Billboard Hot 100 and Billboard 200, tracking the most popular singles and albums in different genres. It also hosts events, owns a publishing firm, and operates several TV shows, Billboard was founded in 1894 by William Donaldson and James Hennegan as a trade publication for bill posters. Donaldson later acquired Hennegens interest in 1900 for $500, in the 1900s, it covered the entertainment industry, such as circuses, fairs and burlesque shows. It also created a service for travelling entertainers. Billboard began focusing more on the industry as the jukebox, phonograph. Many topics it covered were spun-off into different magazines, including Amusement Business in 1961 to cover outdoor entertainment so that it could focus on music. After Donaldson died in 1925, Billboard was passed down to his children and Hennegans children, until it was sold to investors in 1985. The first issue of Billboard was published in Cincinnati, Ohio, on November 1,1894 by William Donaldson, initially, it covered the advertising and bill posting industry and was called Billboard Advertising. At the time, billboards, posters and paper advertisements placed in public spaces were the means of advertising. Donaldson handled editorial and advertising, while Hennegan, who owned Hennegan Printing Co. managed magazine production, the first issues were just eight pages long. The paper had columns like The Bill Room Gossip and The Indefatigable, a department for agricultural fairs was established in 1896. The title was changed to The Billboard in 1897, after a brief departure over editorial differences, Donaldson purchased Hennegans interest in the business in 1900 for $500, to save it from bankruptcy. That May, Donaldson changed it from a monthly to a paper with a greater emphasis on breaking news. He improved editorial quality and opened new offices in New York, Chicago, San Francisco, London and he also re-focused the magazine on outdoor entertainment like fairs, carnivals, circuses, vaudeville and burlesque shows. A section devoted to circuses was introduced in 1900, followed by more prominent coverage of events in 1901. Billboard also covered topics including regulation, a lack of professionalism, economics and it had a stage gossip column covering the private lives of entertainers, a tent show section covering traveling shows and a sub-section called Freaks to order. According to The Seattle Times, Donaldson also published articles attacking censorship, praising productions exhibiting good taste
27.
Billboard 200
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The Billboard 200 is a record chart ranking the 200 most popular music albums and EPs in the United States, published weekly by Billboard magazine. It is frequently used to convey the popularity of an artist or groups of artists, often, a recording act will be remembered by its number ones, those of their albums that outperformed all others during at least one week. The chart is based mostly on sales of albums in the United States, the weekly sales period was originally Monday to Sunday when Nielsen started tracking sales in 1991, but since July 2015, tracking week begins on Friday and ends on Thursday. A new chart is published the following Tuesday with an issue post-dated to the Saturday of the following week, the charts streaming schedule is also tracked from Friday to Thursday. Example, Friday January 1 – sales tracking week begins Thursday January 7 – sales tracking week ends Tuesday January 12 – new chart published, New product is released to the American market on Fridays. Digital downloads of albums are included in Billboard 200 tabulation. Albums that are not licensed for sale in the United States are not eligible to chart. As of the issue dated April 15,2017, the album on the Billboard 200 is More Life by Drake. Billboard began an album chart in 1945, initially only five positions long, the album chart was not published on a weekly basis, sometimes three to seven weeks passing before it was updated. A biweekly, 15-position Best-Selling Popular Albums chart appeared in 1955, the position count varied anywhere from 10 to 30 albums. The first number-one album on the new weekly list was Belafonte by Harry Belafonte, the chart was renamed to Best-Selling Pop Albums later in 1956, and then to Best-Selling Pop LPs in 1957. Beginning on May 25,1959, Billboard split the ranking into two charts Best-Selling Stereophonic LPs for stereo albums and Best-Selling Monophonic LPs for mono albums and these were renamed to Stereo Action Charts and Mono Action Charts in 1960. In January 1961, they became Action Albums—Stereophonic and Action Albums—Monophonic, three months later, they became Top LPs—Stereo and Top LPs—Monaural. On August 17,1963 the stereo and mono charts were combined into a 150-position chart called Top LPs, on April 1,1967, the chart was expanded to 175 positions, then finally to 200 positions on May 13,1967. In 1960, Billboard began concurrently publishing album charts which ranked sales of older or mid-priced titles and these Essential Inventory charts were divided by stereo and mono albums, and featured titles that had already appeared on the main stereo and mono album charts. In January 1961, the Action Charts became Action Albums—Monophonic, Albums appeared on either chart for up to nine weeks, then were moved to an Essential Inventory list of approximately 200 titles, with no numerical ranking. This list continued to be published until the consolidated Top LPs chart debuted in 1963, in 1982, Billboard began publishing a Midline Albums chart which ranked older or mid-priced titles. The chart held 50 positions and was published on a bi-weekly basis, on May 25,1991, Billboard premiered the Top Pop Catalog Albums chart
28.
Barbra Streisand
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Barbara Joan Barbra Streisand is an American singer, songwriter, actress, and filmmaker. She is among a group of entertainers who have been honored with an Emmy, Grammy, Oscar, and Tony Award. Streisand is one of the music artists of all time, with more than 68.5 million albums in the United States. She starred in the critically acclaimed Funny Girl, for which she won the Academy Award, with the release of Yentl in 1983, Streisand became the first woman to write, produce, direct, and star in a major studio film. The film won an Oscar for Best Score and a Golden Globe for Best Motion Picture Musical, Streisand received the Golden Globe Award for Best Director, the first woman to win that award. The RIAA and Billboard recognize Streisand as holding the record for the most top 10 albums of any recording artist. According to Billboard, Streisand holds the record for the female with the most number one albums, Billboard also recognizes Streisand as the greatest female of all time on its Billboard 200 chart and one of the greatest artists of all time on its Hot 100 chart. Barbara Joan Streisand was born on April 24,1942, in Brooklyn, New York and her mother had been a soprano singer in her youth and considered a career in music, but later became a school secretary. Her father was a school teacher at the same school. Streisands family was Jewish, her grandparents emigrated from Galicia and her maternal grandparents from the Russian Empire. Her father earned a degree from City College of New York in 1928 and was considered athletic. As a student, he spent his summers outdoors, once working as a lifeguard, hed try anything, his sister Molly said. He married Ida in 1930, two years after graduating, and became a respected educator with a focus on helping underprivileged. In August 1943, a few months after Streisands first birthday, her father died suddenly at age 34 from complications from an epileptic seizure, the family fell into near-poverty, with her mother working as a low-paid bookkeeper. As an adult, Streisand remembered those early years as always feeling like an outcast, explaining and her mother tried to pay their bills but could not give her daughter the attention she craved, When I wanted love from my mother, she gave me food, Streisand says. Streisand recalls that her mother had a voice and sang semi-professionally on occasion. During a visit to the Catskills when Streisand was thirteen, she told Rosie ODonnell, she and that session was the first time Streisand ever asserted herself as an artist, which also became her first moment of inspiration as an artist. She has a brother, Sheldon, and a half-sister
29.
Diana Ross
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Diane Ernestine Earle Ross, known professionally as Diana Ross, is an American singer, songwriter, actress, and record producer. As part of the Supremes, her success made it possible for future African-American R&B, Dianas high-pitched and bright lyric-soprano voice has been enjoyed and still is by fans around the world. The group released a record-setting twelve number-one hit singles on the US Billboard Hot 100, including the hits Where Did Our Love Go, Baby Love, Come See About Me, Stop. In the Name of Love, You Cant Hurry Love, You Keep Me Hangin On, Love Child and she later released the album Touch Me in the Morning in 1973, its title track reached number 1, as her second solo hit. That same year, her album Lady Sings The Blues, which was the soundtrack of her film based on the life of jazz singer Billie Holiday. By 1975, the Mahogany soundtrack included her third number-one hit and her eponymous 1976 album included her fourth number-one hit, Love Hangover. In 1979, Ross released the album The Boss and her 1980 semi-eponymous album Diana reached number 2 on the US Billboard albums chart, and spawned the number-one hit Upside Down, and the international hit Im Coming Out. After leaving Motown, Ross achieved her sixth and final US number-one hit, Ross has also ventured into acting, with a Golden Globe Award and Academy Award-nominated performance for her performance in the film Lady Sings the Blues. She also starred in two films, Mahogany and The Wiz, later acting in the television films Out of Darkness, for which she also was nominated for a Golden Globe Award. Ross was named the Female Entertainer of the Century by Billboard magazine, Ross has sold more than 100 million records worldwide, when her releases with the Supremes and as a solo artist are tallied. In 1988, Ross was inducted to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as member of the Supremes, alongside Mary Wilson and she was the recipient of the Kennedy Center Honors in 2007, and the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2016. She is a 12-time Grammy nominee, never earning a competitive honor, in December 2016, Billboard magazine named her the 50th most successful dance artist of all time. Diane Ross was born at Hutzel Womens Hospital in Detroit on March 26,1944 and she was the second eldest child of Ernestine, a schoolteacher, and Fred Ross, Sr. a former Army soldier. Much has been made of whether her first name ends in an a or an e, according to Ross, her mother actually named her Diane but a clerical error resulted in her name being recorded as Diana on her birth certificate. She was listed as Diane during the first Supremes records, she introduced herself as Diane until early in the groups heyday and her friends and family still call her Diane. Rosss grandfather John E. Ross, a native of Gloucester County, Virginia, was born to Washington Ross, Virginia Baytops mother Francis Frankey Baytop was a former slave who had become a midwife after the Civil War. Ross and her family lived at Belmont Road in the North End section of Detroit, near Highland Park, MI. When Ross was seven, her mother contracted tuberculosis, causing her to seriously ill
30.
Martha Reeves
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Martha Rose Reeves is an American R&B and pop singer and former politician, and is the lead singer of the Motown girl group Martha Reeves and the Vandellas. They scored over a hit singles, including Come and Get These Memories, Nowhere to Run, Heat Wave, Jimmy Mack. From 2005 until 2009, Reeves served as an elected council woman for the city of Detroit, Martha Rose Reeves was born in Eufaula, Alabama, the first daughter of Elijah Joshua Reeves and Ruby Lee Gilmore Reeves, and the third of the couples 11 children. She was a baby when the family moved from Eufaula to Detroit, Michigan, the family was very active in the church and its choir. Elijah played guitar and Ruby liked to sing, the children acquired their love of music from their parents, at Detroits Northeastern High School, her vocal coach was Abraham Silver, who also worked with Florence Ballard and Mary Wilson and Bobby Rogers. Raised on gospel, and inspired by singers like Lena Horne and Della Reese, Reeves became a fan of R&B and she joined the Fascinations. in 1959, but left the group before they became a recording act. The Del-Phis were popular local performers, Reeves was reportedly an admirer of the group and was a friend of Gloria Williams, who hired Reeves to join the group in 1960. Through 1960 and 1961, Reeves made ends meet working several jobs by day and worked as a singer in nighttime hours singing jazz and blues standards at some of Detroits respected nightclubs. Singing at the 20 Grand, Reeves was spotted by Motown A&R director Mickey Stevenson, Reeves, who used the stage name Martha Lavaille showed up at Motowns Hitsville USA studios the next morning, not knowing that she was to call to schedule an audition. Stevenson asked her to answer phones while he took care of other business, using the skills she had learned in commercial courses in high school, Reeves answered phones, took notes, administrated payroll for Motowns famed Funk Brothers, and made herself invaluable. Before long, Reeves was working several hours at Hitsville as Stevensons right hand, by 1961, the Del-Phis had changed their name to The Vels and recorded singles for Checker and Checkmate Records. One day, when Mary Wells couldnt make a session, Reeves stepped up to the mic, with Ill Have to Let Him Go, Martha and the Vandellas was born. Then, when the Andantes couldnt make a session to back the Miracles drummer on songs he was recording, the ladies provided backup vocals for Marvin Gayes Stubborn Kind of Fellow. Martha and the Vandellas backed Gaye on his first three singles, his first album, and on stage—even after they had their own hits. After Heat Wave became the groups first million-seller, Martha and the Vandellas quickly rose to one of the labels top draws both as recording stars and as a successful live act. Martha was the one consistent member of the group staying throughout all the groups incarnations, after the exits of original members Annette Beard and Rosalind Ashford, members replacing them included Betty Kelly, Sandra Tilley and one of Marthas sisters Lois Reeves. The group was featured in major magazine articles in Johnson Publishing Corp. publications including HEP, Ebony and JET. Reeves was also a contributing writer for SOUL
31.
The Manhattan Transfer
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The Manhattan Transfer is a jazz vocal group founded in 1969 that has explored a capella, vocalese, swing, standards, Brazilian jazz, rhythm and blues, and pop music. There have been two editions of the Manhattan Transfer, with Tim Hauser the only person to be part of both, the first group consisted of Hauser, Erin Dickins, Marty Nelson, Pat Rosalia, and Gene Pistilli. The second version of the group, formed in 1972, consisted of Hauser, Alan Paul, Janis Siegel, in 1979, after Massé was badly injured in a car accident, she was replaced by Cheryl Bentyne. The groups long-time pianist, Yaron Gershovsky, accompanied the group on tour, Trist Curless from the Los Angeles a cappella group m-pact became a permanent member in October 2014 following Hausers death. In 1969, Tim Hauser formed a group in New York City called the Manhattan Transfer after the novel by John Dos Passos. The group consisted of Erin Dickins, Marty Nelson, and Pat Rosalia and this group made one album, Jukin, which looked at the music of the past critically and satirically, rather than respectfully as in all later incarnations of the group. The album was commercially and critically, and the group broke up. Three years later, Hauser met Laurel Massé while he was a cab driver, soon after, he met Janis Siegel and Alan Paul and started another version of the Manhattan Transfer. After performing in clubs in New York City, the quartet released its album with guest appearances by bona fide jazz musicians Randy Brecker, Jon Faddis. The Manhattan Transfer lacked the condescension of the album, presenting instead serious vocalese renditions of Java Jive and Tuxedo Junction. During the summer of 1975, the group hosted a variety show on TV. Their next album, Coming Out, produced Chanson dAmour, which was a one hit in England. In 1978, Laurel Massé was in a car accident and dropped out of the group and she was replaced by Cheryl Bentyne. The groups next album, Extensions, produced the hit Twilight Zone, Extensions featured a cover version of Birdland, an instrumental by the jazz fusion group Weather Report, with lyrics by Jon Hendricks of Lambert, Hendricks, and Ross. One of the most popular recordings of 1980, Birdland won the Grammy Award for Best Jazz Fusion Performance. In 1981, the Manhattan Transfer made music history by becoming the first group to win Grammy awards for popular and jazz categories in the same year. Both of these appeared on the groups fifth album, Mecca for Moderns. In 1982, the group won another Grammy, for Best Jazz Vocal Performance, Duo or Group, the song was featured on the soundtrack to the Burt Reynolds film Sharkys Machine
32.
Leo Sayer
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Leo Sayer is a British-born singer-songwriter musician, and entertainer whose singing career has spanned four decades. Sayer launched his career in the United Kingdom in the early 1970s and his first seven hit singles in the United Kingdom all reached the Top 10 – a feat first registered by his first manager, Adam Faith. His songs have been sung by notable artists, including Cliff Richard. Sayer was born to an English father and an Irish mother in Shoreham-by-Sea, Sussex, later he attended Blessed Robert Southwell in Goring-by-Sea. Before studying commercial art and graphic design at West Sussex College of Art and Design in Worthing and he was initially discovered by musician David Courtney, who then co-managed and co-produced him with former pop singer turned manager, Adam Faith. In January 1967, while 18-year-old Sayer was working as a porter at the Kings Hotel in Hove. He was rescued by builders working on a block of flats beside the hotel, Sayer began his music career co writing songs with David Courtney, including Giving It All Away, which gave Roger Daltrey of The Who his first solo hit in 1973. The single went to #2 on the chart in the United Kingdom, as did his debut album Silverbird, co written with David Courtney, who co produced the album with Adam Faith. In 1976, Sayer recorded three Beatles songs, I Am the Walrus, Let It Be and The Long and Winding Road for the Beatles themed concept film, All This and World War II. His albums in this period were also successful in the United Kingdom. He also garnered success as an album artist in the United States, beginning with his second LP Just A Boy, written by Albert Hammond and Carole Bayer Sager, it was Sayers first #1 single in the United Kingdom. It was also the first of two chart toppers in the United Kingdom in a row for producer Richard Perry. Sayer also made versions of Bobby Vees Sonny Curtis/Jerry Allison composition, More Than I Can Say. In the United States, three of his singles - You Make Me Feel Like Dancing, When I Need You, Sayer provided songs for the soundtrack of the French–Belgian animated film, The Missing Link in 1980. In 1981, he voiced Dan the forest ranger in The Raccoons on Ice and he also sang several songs for the special, all of which were included on the 1983 album Lake Freeze. In 1990, he contributed to the last studio collaboration between Alan Parsons and Eric Woolfson, Woolfsons solo album Freudiana, performing I Am A Mirror. Sayer performed at the Sanremo Music Festival in 1990, with The Moth And The Flame and, in 1991, after a decade of success, Sayers career suffered repeated setbacks due to a series of financial and legal problems. Sayer sued Faith for mismanagement, and the case was settled out of court in 1992 with Sayer receiving a reported payout of £650,000
33.
Andy Williams
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Howard Andrew Andy Williams was an American popular music singer. He recorded 44 albums in his career,15 of which have been gold-certified and he was also nominated for six Grammy Awards. He hosted The Andy Williams Show, a variety show, from 1962 to 1971. The Andy Williams Show garnered three Emmy awards, the Moon River Theatre in Branson, Missouri, is named after the song he is most known for singing—Johnny Mercer and Henry Mancinis Moon River. He sold more than 100 million records worldwide, including 10.5 million certified units in the United States, Williams was born in Wall Lake, Iowa, the son of Jay Emerson and Florence Williams. While living in Cheviot, Ohio, Williams attended Western Hills High School in Cincinnati and he finished high school at University High School, in West Los Angeles, because of his familys move to California. Williams had three older brothers—Bob, Don, and Dick Williams and his first performance was in a childrens choir at the local Presbyterian church. Moving to Los Angeles in 1943, the Williams Brothers sang with Bing Crosby on the hit record Swinging on a Star and they appeared in four musical films, Janie, Kansas City Kitty, Something in the Wind and Ladies Man. A persistent myth is that as a teenager the future singing star dubbed the singing for Lauren Bacall in the 1944 feature film To Have and Have Not, according to authoritative sources, including Howard Hawks and Bacall herself, this was not true. Williams and some female singers were tested to dub for Bacall, but those fears were overshadowed by the desire to have Bacall do her own singing despite her less-than-perfect vocal talent. This myth is refuted in Leonard Maltins Movie Guide in the entry for this film, when Bob completed his military service, Kay hired all four brothers to sing on the soundtrack to Good News. They made their debut in Las Vegas in 1947 and became an overnight sensation, within a year, they were the highest paid nightclub act in the world, breaking records wherever they appeared. Williams revealed in his memoir Moon River and Me that he and Thompson became romantically involved while on tour, the act broke up in 1949 but reunited for another hugely successful tour from the fall of 1951 through the summer of 1953. After that, the four went their separate ways. A complete itinerary of both tours is listed on the Kay Thompson biography website, Williams and Thompson, however, remained very close, both personally and professionally. She mentored his emergence as a singing star. She coached him, wrote his arrangements, and composed songs that he recorded. Using her contacts in the business, Thompson helped Williams land his breakthrough television gig as a singer for two-and-a-half years on The Tonight Show starring Steve Allen
34.
Percy Faith
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Percy Faith was a Canadian bandleader, orchestrator, composer and conductor, known for his lush arrangements of pop and Christmas standards. He is often credited with popularizing the easy listening or mood music format, Faith became a staple of American popular music in the 1950s and continued well into the 1960s. Faith was born and raised in Toronto, Ontario and he was the oldest of eight children. His parents, Abraham Faith and Minnie, née Rottenberg, were Jewish and he played violin and piano as a child, and played in theatres and at Massey Hall. After his hands were burned in a fire, he turned to conducting. Beginning with defunct stations CKNC and CKCL, Faith was a staple of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporations live-music broadcasting from 1933 to 1940, in the early 1940s, Faith was orchestra leader for the Carnation Contented program on NBC. From 1948-1949 he also served as the leader on the CBS radio network program The Coca-Cola Hour. The orchestral accordionist John Serry Sr. collaborated with Faith in these broadcasts, in 1945, he became a naturalized citizen of the United States. He made many recordings for Voice of America and his most famous and remembered recordings are Delicado, The Song from Moulin Rouge and Theme from A Summer Place, which won the Grammy Award for Record of the Year in 1961. His Themes for Young Lovers album was a top seller during this era, with the success of Columbia record-mate Ray Conniffs chorus and orchestra during this same time, Faith began using a chorus in several popular albums from the mid-1960s on. Faiths first single with a chorus, Yellow Days, was a substantial hit in the MOR easy listening radio format of the mid-1960s. Faith continued to enjoy airplay and consistent album sales throughout the early 1970s and his other film scores included romantic comedies and dramatic features such as Tammy Tell Me True, Id Rather Be Rich, The Third Day and The Oscar. Faith also composed the theme for the long running NBC series The Virginian. Faith died of cancer in Encino, California, and was interred in the Hillside Memorial Park Cemetery in Culver City and his wife, Mary Faith, was born November 24,1909, and died November 27,1997, in Los Angeles. They married in 1928 and had 2 children, Marilyn and Peter
35.
Ringo (album)
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Ringo is the third studio album by Ringo Starr, released in 1973 on Apple Records. It peaked at number 7 on the UK Albums Chart and number 2 on the Billboard 200, in Canada, it reached number 1 on the RPM national albums chart. The album is noted for the appearance of all four Beatles, while both of these singles were big successes and would ordinarily have inspired albums to support them, Starr declined to follow through, preferring to concentrate on acting during this period. In early 1973, Starr decided the time was right to begin his first rock solo album, having already used Richard Perry to arrange one of the tracks on Sentimental Journey, Starr asked Perry to produce the sessions. Recording started on 5 March 1973, upon Starrs arrival in Los Angeles at Sunset Sound Recorders, sessions were produced by Richard Perry. When Starr sent word to all his friends to help him in his new venture. Taking part in the sessions were Marc Bolan, members of the Band, Billy Preston, Klaus Voormann, Nicky Hopkins, Harry Nilsson, additionally, all three of his former bandmates appeared on and composed material for Ringo. The song was first recorded in late 1972, with Harrison as producer, the song was remade five months later, produced this time by Perry for its appearance on Ringo. While they were sharing a living space in Los Angeles, Harrison and Mal Evans wrote You and Me after Evans requested for Harrison to add music to a song he was working on. Harrison dropped by on the sessions on 10 March, to see what kind of material Starr had recorded up to that point, Harrison was impressed with the material, saying, Im knocked out by what youve done. George returned a couple of later, on 12 March. Starr, John Lennon and Harrison appear together on the Lennon-penned song Im the Greatest, ten takes of the song were recorded in a session lasting approximately 18 minutes. Both Lennon and Harrison were in Los Angeles for business matters with Capitol Records, Lennon returned to New York on 14 March. John Lennon, George Harrison and Ringo Starr are all in Los Angeles with Klaus Voormann, also recorded during this month was Randy Newmans Have You Seen My Baby. It features overdubbed guitar by Bolan which was added at A&M Studios and this group of sessions lasted until 27 March. The next day, Starr and Perry flew to England, more work on the tracks was done at Burbank Studios, The Sound Lab, and Producers Workshop. On 16 April, Starr went to Apple Studio, in London, to record Six OClock, with Paul McCartney and his wife Linda, McCartney played synthesizer and piano, and sang backing vocals on the track. After finishing Six OClock, Starr requested his chauffeur to buy some tap dancing shoes, also in London, Starr with Nilsson recorded Youre Sixteen and Step Lightly, the former of which McCartney also appears on
36.
The Beatles
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The Beatles were an English rock band, formed in Liverpool in 1960. With members John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr, the Beatles built their reputation playing clubs in Liverpool and Hamburg over a three-year period from 1960, with Stuart Sutcliffe initially serving as bass player. The core of Lennon, McCartney and Harrison went through a succession of drummers, including Pete Best, before asking Starr to join them. They acquired the nickname the Fab Four as Beatlemania grew in Britain the next year, from 1965 onwards, the Beatles produced increasingly innovative recordings, including the albums Rubber Soul, Revolver, Sgt. Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band, The Beatles and Abbey Road, after their break-up in 1970, they each enjoyed successful musical careers of varying lengths. McCartney and Starr, the members, remain musically active. Lennon was shot and killed in December 1980, and Harrison died of cancer in November 2001. The Beatles are the band in history, with estimated sales of over 600 million records worldwide. They have had more number-one albums on the British charts and sold more singles in the UK than any other act, according to the RIAA, the Beatles are also the best-selling music artists in the United States, with 178 million certified units. In 2008, the group topped Billboard magazines list of the all-time most successful Hot 100 artists, as of 2016 and they have received ten Grammy Awards, an Academy Award for Best Original Song Score and fifteen Ivor Novello Awards. The group was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1988 and they were also collectively included in Time magazines compilation of the twentieth centurys 100 most influential people. In March 1957, John Lennon, then aged sixteen, formed a group with several friends from Quarry Bank school. They briefly called themselves the Blackjacks, before changing their name to the Quarrymen after discovering that a local group was already using the other name. Fifteen-year-old Paul McCartney joined as a rhythm guitarist shortly after he, in February 1958, McCartney invited his friend George Harrison to watch the band. The fourteen-year-old auditioned for Lennon, impressing him with his playing, after a month of Harrisons persistence, they enlisted him as their lead guitarist. By January 1959, Lennons Quarry Bank friends had left the group, the three guitarists, billing themselves at least three times as Johnny and the Moondogs, were playing rock and roll whenever they could find a drummer. They used the name until May, when they became the Silver Beetles, before undertaking a tour of Scotland as the backing group for pop singer. By early July, they had changed their name to the Silver Beatles, allan Williams, the Beatles unofficial manager, arranged a residency for them in Hamburg, but lacking a full-time drummer they auditioned and hired Pete Best in mid-August 1960
37.
Fanny (band)
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Fanny was an American all-female band, active in the early 1970s. They were one of the first notable rock groups to be made up entirely of women, the third to sign with a label. They achieved two top 40 singles on the Billboard Hot 100 and released five albums, sisters June Millington and Jean Millington moved with their family from the Philippines to Sacramento, California in 1961. In high school formed an all-girl band called the Svelts with June on guitar, Jean on bass, Addie Lee on guitar. Brandt was later replaced by Alice de Buhr, when the Svelts disbanded, de Buhr formed another all-female group called Wild Honey. The Millington sisters later joined this band, which played Motown covers, frustrated by a lack of success or respect in the male-dominated rock scene, Wild Honey decided to disband after one final open-mic appearance at the Troubadour Club in Los Angeles in 1969. They were spotted at this gig by producer Richard Perry, who had been searching for a rock band to mentor. Perry convinced Warner Brothers to sign the band, still known as Wild Honey and consisting of the Millington sisters and de Buhr, before recording their first album, the band recruited keyboardist Nickey Barclay who was also a member of Joe Cockers Mad Dogs & Englishmen touring ensemble. The band was then renamed Fanny, not with a sexual connotation, Perry produced the bands first three albums, Fanny, Charity Ball, and Fanny Hill. The title track Charity Ball from the album reached #40 on the Billboard Hot 100. The members of the band worked as session musicians, most notably on Barbra Streisands 1971 album Barbra Joan Streisand. Their fourth album, Mothers Pride, was produced by Todd Rundgren, a 1971 article in Sounds remarked of the group, seems that they are the support group to everyone these days. After Mothers Pride, June Millington and Alice de Buhr left the band, patti Quatro joined on guitar, and Brie Brandt returned on drums. This lineup signed with Casablanca Records and released the final Fanny album, Rock and Roll Survivors, Brandt left the band shortly after the albums completion when she married composer James Newton Howard, briefly being replaced by Cam Davis. However, the band soon disintegrated even as Butter Boy became their biggest single, in a 1999 interview with Rolling Stone, Fanny fan David Bowie revealed his respect for the band, One of the most important female bands in American rock has been buried without a trace. They were one of the finest, Rock bands of their time, in about 1973. Theyre as important as anybody whos ever been, ever. And I will feel that my work is done, after the breakup, in 1975 the Millington sisters put together a new line-up of Fanny for a short tour, though no older Fanny material was played
38.
AllMusic
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AllMusic is an online music guide service website. It was launched in 1991 by All Media Guide which later became All Media Network, AllMusic was launched in 1991 by Michael Erlewine of All Media Guide. The aim was to discographic information on every artist whos made a record since Enrico Caruso gave the industry its first big boost and its first reference book was published the following year. When first released onto the Internet, AMG predated the World Wide Web and was first available as a Gopher site, the AMG consumer web properties AllMusic. com, AllMovie. com and AllGame. com were sold by Rovi in July 2013 to All Media Network, LLC. All Media Network, LLC. was formed by the founders of SideReel. com. The following are contributors to AllMusic, as of this date, All Media Network also produced the AllMusic guide series that includes the AllMusic Guide to Rock, the All Music Guide to Jazz and the All Music Guide to the Blues. Vladimir Bogdanov is the president of the series, in August 2007, PC Magazine included AllMusic in its Top 100 Classic Websites list. All Media Network AllGame AllMovie SideReel All Music Guide to the Blues All Music Guide to Jazz Stephen Thomas Erlewine Official website
39.
The Village Voice
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The Village Voice is an American news and culture paper, known for being the countrys first alternative newsweekly. Founded in 1955 by Dan Wolf, Ed Fancher and Norman Mailer, since its founding, The Village Voice has received three Pulitzer Prizes, the National Press Foundation Award and the George Polk Award. Among news sources, The Village Voice is known for its combination of news reporting and arts & culture coverage. The Village Voice has hosted a variety of writers and artists, including writer Ezra Pound, cartoonist Lynda Barry. In addition to daily coverage through its website and a print edition that circulates in New York City. In the 1960s the offices were located at Sheridan Square, then, from the 70s through 1980, at 11th Street and University Place, in 1991 they moved to Cooper Square in the East Village, and in 2013, to the Financial District. John Wilcock wrote a column every week for the papers first ten years, another regular from that period was the cartoonist Kin Platt, who did weekly theatrical caricatures. Other prominent regulars have included Peter Schjeldahl, Ellen Willis, Tom Carson, Wayne Barrett, the Voice has published investigations of New York City politics, as well as reporting on national politics, with arts, culture, music, dance, film, and theater reviews. Writers for the Voice have received three Pulitzer Prizes, in 1981,1986 and 2000, almost since its inception the paper has recognized alternative theater in New York through its Obie Awards. The papers Pazz & Jop music poll, started by Robert Christgau in the early 1970s, is released annually, in 1999, film critic J. Hoberman and film section editor Dennis Lim began a similar Village Voice Film Poll for the year in film. In 2001 the paper sponsored its first music festival, Siren Festival, in 2011, the event moved to the lower tip of Manhattan and re-christened the 4knots Music Festival, a reference to the speed of the East Rivers current. Today, the Voice is known for its support for the civil rights of gays. However, early in its history, the newspaper had a reputation as having an anti-homosexuality slant, while reporting on the Stonewall riots of 1969, the newspaper referred to the riots as The Great Faggot Rebellion. Two reporters, Smith and Truscott, both used the words faggot and dyke in their articles about the riots, the newspaper changed their policy after the GLF petitioned the newspaper to do so. Over time, the Voice has changed its stance, and in 1982, as a testament to the Voices popularity in New York City, the paper is mentioned in the musical Rent during the song La Vie Boheme. The line states To riding your bike midday past the three suits, to fruits, to no absolutes, to Absolut, to choice, to The Village Voice. Seventeen alternative weeklies around the United States are owned by the Voices parent company Village Voice Media, in 2005, the Phoenix alternative weekly chain New Times Media purchased the company and took the Village Voice Media name. After The Village Voice was acquired by New Times Media in 2005, the Voice was then managed by two journalists from Phoenix, Arizona
40.
Plimsouls
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The Plimsouls are an American rock band formed in Paramount, California in 1978. Formed by singer, guitarist, and songwriter Peter Case, the Plimsouls began as a trio in 1978, initially named the Tone Dogs, which included Case, bassist Dave Pahoa, from inception, the band quickly became a crowd favourite in the Los Angeles club scene. Long Beach promoter Stephen Zepeda signed the group to his Beat Records label for a five-song EP called Zero Hour, guitarist Eddie Muñoz joined the group during the recording of the EP. Danny Holloway produced the Zero Hour EP and managed the group, the song Zero Hour received heavy airplay on KROQ-FM, and the Plimsouls grew to be one of the top club draws in the city. Case received critical praise for his songwriting, in 1981, Planet Records signed the group and released their self-titled debut album which Holloway also produced. The single Now received strong airplay in LA and was also covered by Phil Seymour. Seymour also appeared live with the Plimsouls during the late 1970s, the band achieved national popularity in 1983 when the single release A Million Miles Away was included on Valley Girls motion picture soundtrack and became a minor hit. Several years later, in 1990, a then up-and-coming band named the Goo Goo Dolls covered A Million Miles Away on their Hold Me Up album, the song is also included on the Speed motion picture soundtrack. Case has continued with a career since the bands mid-1980s breakup. In 1996, The Plimsouls, without Ramirez, reunited for a few shows and some recording sessions and this album featured drumming by new band member Clem Burke, who was also simultaneously a member of Blondie. The Plimsouls have continued to reunite occasionally since that time, with Burke being replaced by Bryan Head, Zero Hour Great Big World Zero Hour Hypnotized How Long Will It Take. I Cant Turn You Loose The Plimsouls U. S, no.153 Lost Time Now In This Town Zero Hour Women Hush, Hush I Want What You Got Nickels and Dimes I Want You Back Mini-Skirt Minnie Everyday Things Everywhere at Once U. S. No.186 Shaky City Magic Touch Oldest Story in the World Lie, Beg, Borrow, and Steal Play the Breaks How Long Will It Take
41.
Bill Medley
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William Thomas Bill Medley is an American singer and songwriter, best known as one half of The Righteous Brothers. He is noted for his voice, exemplified in songs such as Youve Lost That Lovin Feelin. Medley produced a number of the songs, including Unchained Melody and Soul. Medley has also enjoyed a career as a solo artist, Medley was born on September 19,1940 in Santa Ana, California, USA to Arnol and Irma Medley. He attended Santa Ana High School and graduated in 1958, Medley was raised as a Presbyterian and started singing in a church choir. His parents had a swing band and he became interested in R&B music listening to black music stations. An early influence he cited is Little Richard who he first heard when he was fifteen or sixteen years old, and later Ray Charles, Bobby Bland, Medley first formed a singing duo with his friend Don Fiduccia, who also played the guitar, called The Romancers. He began to write songs and record multi-track recordings in his living room, at 19, he had two songs, Womaling and Chimes of My Heart, recorded by 50s vocal group The Diamonds. Medley and Fiduccia then formed a group called the Paramours in 1960 with Sal Fasulo and Nick Tuturro, later joined by Mike Rider, the band had their first paying gig at Little Italy restaurant in Anaheim. The Paramours were signed to Mercury Records subsidiary label Smash Records, Medley first met his singing partner Bobby Hatfield through Barry Rillera who was in both Hatfields and Medleys group and asked them to see each others show. They were later brought together by saxophone player John Wimber, who went on to found The Vineyard Church movement, to form a new group in 1962. They performed at The Black Derby nightclub in Santa Ana, however the band did not have much success and soon broke up, leaving Hatfield and Medley to perform as a duo in 1963. Medley and Hatfield adopted the name The Righteous Brothers, and their first single was the Medley-penned Little Latin Lupe Lu released under the label Moonglow Records. Medley also recorded as a solo artist with Moonglow, and released a single Gotta Tell You How I Feel which did not chart. In 1964, The Righteous Brothers appeared in a show with other groups in the Cow Palace in San Francisco where Phil Spector was conducting the band for the entire show, Spector was impressed by the duo and arranged to have them record for his own label Philles Records. In 1965, they had their first No.1 hit, Youve Lost That Lovin Feelin, according to music publishing watchdog Broadcast Music, Inc. Youve Lost That Lovin Feelin is the song in the history of American radio. They also recorded songs such as Unchained Melody with Philles Records
42.
Energy (Pointer Sisters album)
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Energy is the fifth studio album by The Pointer Sisters, released in 1978 on the Planet label. After a brief split following sister Bonnies departure from the group and their first album for Planet, this was also the first album produced by Richard Perry. The record spawned a number two pop smash with a cover of Bruce Springsteens Fire, happiness also scored on the pop Top 40. Energy became the groups first gold-certified release since 1974s Thats a Plenty, the album was remastered and issued on CD with bonus tracks in 2009 by Wounded Bird Records. Shea – photography Energy at Discogs
43.
Donna Summer
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LaDonna Adrian Gaines, better known by her stage name Donna Summer, was an American singer, songwriter, and actress. She gained prominence during the era of the late 1970s. Summer has reportedly sold over 140 million records, making her one of the worlds best-selling artists of all time and she also charted two number-one singles on the R&B charts in the U. S. and one number-one in the U. K. Summer earned a total of 32 hit singles on the U. S. Billboard Hot 100 chart in her lifetime, with 14 of those reaching the top ten. She claimed a top 40 hit every year between 1975 and 1984, and from her first top ten hit in 1976, to the end of 1982, she had 12 top ten hits, more than any other act. She returned to the Hot 100s top five in 1983, and her most recent Hot 100 hit came in 1999 with I Will Go With You. While her fortunes on the Hot 100 waned through those decades, while influenced by the counterculture of the 1960s, Summer became the lead singer of a psychedelic rock band named Crow and moved to New York City. Joining a touring version of the musical Hair, she left New York and spent several years living, acting, and singing in Europe and she became known as the Queen of Disco, while her music gained a global following. Summer died on May 17,2012, at her home in Naples, in her obituary in The Times, she was described as the undisputed queen of the Seventies disco boom who reached the status of one of the worlds leading female singers. Giorgio Moroder described Summers work with him on the song I Feel Love as really the start of electronic dance music, in 2013, Summer was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. In December 2016, Billboard Magazine ranked her as the 6th most successful dance artist of all-time, laDonna Adrian Gaines was born in Boston, Massachusetts, to Andrew and Mary Gaines, and was one of seven children. She was raised in the Boston neighborhood of Mission Hill and her father was a butcher and her mother was a schoolteacher. Summers performance debut occurred at church when she was eight years old and she later attended Bostons Jeremiah E. Burke High School where she performed in school musicals and was considered popular. In 1967, just weeks before graduation, Donna left for New York where she joined the rock band Crow. After they were passed on by a label that was only interested in the bands lead singer. Summer stayed in New York and auditioned for a role in the counterculture musical and she landed the part of Sheila, and agreed to take the role in the Munich production of the show, moving there after getting her parents reluctant approval. Summer eventually became fluent in German, singing songs in that language, and participated in the musicals Ich bin ich, Godspell. Within three years, she moved to Vienna, Austria, and joined the Vienna Volksoper and she briefly toured with an ensemble vocal group called FamilyTree, the creation of producer Günter Yogi Lauke
44.
Julio Iglesias
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Julio José Iglesias de la Cueva, better known as Julio Iglesias, is a Spanish singer and songwriter who has been awarded with the Guinness Record thrice. In 1983, he was the most recorded artist in more languages in the world and he is recognized as the most successful European commercial singer in the world. He is one of the top ten record sellers in music history, more than 2600 certified gold and platinum albums. It is estimated that during his career he has offered more than 5000 concerts, in April 2013 the singer was awarded in Beijing as the first and most popular international artist in China. He is also the largest foreign record seller in Brazil, France, Romania and Italy, in his country, Spain, he is the artist who has sold the most, with 23 million records. He has been awarded the Gold Medal for Merit in the Fine Arts of Spain and he was named Special Ambassador for the Performing Arts of UNICEF in 1989. He has also institutionalized September 8 as Julio Iglesias Day in Miami since 1997 and has been a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame since 1985, April 2013, entered the Hall of Fame of the Latin Composers. Iglesias was born on 23 September 1943 in Madrid and he is the son of Julio Iglesias, Sr. a medical doctor from Ourense who became one of the youngest gynecologists in the country, and María del Rosario de la Cueva y Perignat. Iglesiass paternal ancestry comes from Galicia, his grandparents were named Manuela Puga Noguerol. His maternal grandparents were José de la Cueva y Orejuela, and Dolores de Perignat y Ruiz de Benavides and he alternated playing professional football with studying law at the CEU San Pablo University in Madrid. In the earliest years of his adulthood, he was a goalkeeper for Real Madrid Castilla. His professional football career was ruined when he was involved in an automobile accident. Afterwards, he said of those years, I had more courage and these were sorely tested when he was involved in that car crash—it smashed his lower spine, his legs were permanently weakened as a direct result, and they still required therapy several years later. During his hospitalization after the accident, a nurse gave him a guitar so that he could have something to do with his hands, in learning to play, he discovered his musical talent. After his rehabilitation, Iglesias studied for three months at Bell Educational Trusts Language School in Cambridge, UK, after that, he went back to obtain his law degree at Complutense University of Madrid. In 1968 he won the Benidorm International Song Festival, an event in Spain, with the song La vida sigue igual which was used in the film La vida sigue igual. After this event he signed a deal with Discos Columbia, the Spanish branch of the Columbia Records company, the album spent 15 weeks in the Spanish charts, and peaked at #3. He represented Spain in the 1970 Eurovision Song Contest, finishing in place behind Irelands winning entry
